Opiate Dependence disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: OPT003 MIFTS: 55	Opiate Dependence Categories: Mental diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Opiate Dependence

MalaCards integrated aliases for Opiate Dependence:

Name: Opiate Dependence ¹¹ ⁴² ¹⁴ ³³

Opioid Dependence ⁴² ⁷⁵ ⁵³ ¹⁶ ³³

Opioid Addiction ⁴² ³³

Opiate Addiction ⁴² ⁷¹

Opioid-Related Disorders ⁷¹

Opioid Type Dependence ¹¹

Intravenous Narcotism ³³

Narcotic Dependence ³³

Oral Narcotism Nos ³³

Opium Dependence ³³

Narcotism Nos ³³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹

Mental and behavioural disorders

Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids

Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids: Dependence syndrome

ICD11: ³³

Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders

Disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviours

Disorders due to substance use

Disorders due to use of opioids

Opioid dependence

Opioid dependence, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:2559

ICD9CM ³⁴ 304.00

MeSH ⁴³ D009293

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 75544000

ICD10 ³¹ F11.2

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_0005611

ICD11 ³³ 1120716949 1120716949/unspecified

UMLS ⁷¹ C0027412 C0524662

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Summaries for Opiate Dependence

MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² Opioid addiction is a long-lasting (chronic) disease that can cause major health, social, and economic problems. Opioids are a class of drugs that act in the nervous system to produce feelings of pleasure and pain relief. Some opioids are legally prescribed by healthcare providers to manage severe and chronic pain. Commonly prescribed opioids include oxycodone, fentanyl, buprenorphine, methadone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, codeine, and morphine. Some other opioids, such as heroin, are illegal drugs of abuse.Opioid addiction is characterized by a powerful, compulsive urge to use opioid drugs, even when they are no longer required medically. Opioids have a high potential for causing addiction in some people, even when the medications are prescribed appropriately and taken as directed. Many prescription opioids are misused or diverted to others. Individuals who become addicted may prioritize getting and using these drugs over other activities in their lives, often negatively impacting their professional and personal relationships. It is unknown why some people are more likely to become addicted than others.Opioids change the chemistry of the brain and lead to drug tolerance, which means that over time the dose needs to be increased to achieve the same effect. Taking opioids over a long period of time produces dependence, such that when people stop taking the drug, they have physical and psychological symptoms of withdrawal (such as muscle cramping, diarrhea, and anxiety). Dependence is not the same thing as addiction; although everyone who takes opioids for an extended period will become dependent, only a small percentage also experience the compulsive, continuing need for the drug that characterizes addiction.Opioid addiction can cause life-threatening health problems, including the risk of overdose. Overdose occurs when high doses of opioids cause breathing to slow or stop, leading to unconsciousness and death if the overdose is not treated immediately. Both legal and illegal opioids carry a risk of overdose if a person takes too much of the drug, or if opioids are combined with other drugs (particularly tranquilizers called benzodiazepines).

MalaCards based summary: Opiate Dependence, also known as opioid dependence, is related to morphine dependence and heroin dependence. An important gene associated with Opiate Dependence is ODS1 (Opioid Dependence, Susceptibility To, 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are GPCR downstream signalling and Signal Transduction. The drugs Cobicistat and Elvitegravir have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, cortex and prefrontal cortex, and related phenotypes are nervous system and homeostasis/metabolism

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A drug dependence that involves the continued use of opiate drugs despite despite problems related to use of the substance.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a substance use disorder characterized by cravings for opioids, continued... more...

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Related Diseases for Opiate Dependence

Diseases related to Opiate Dependence via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 266)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	morphine dependence	31.5	PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1 OPRD1 HCRT
2	heroin dependence	31.1	SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRD1 DRD4 DRD3
3	polysubstance abuse	30.8	DRD3 DRD2
4	chronic pain	30.2	OPRM1 BDNF
5	cyclothymic disorder	30.2	DRD4 DRD2 BDNF
6	complex regional pain syndrome	30.1	OPRM1 FOS BDNF
7	pertussis	30.1	OPRM1 OPRD1 FOS
8	personality disorder	30.1	SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 BDNF ANKK1
9	toxic encephalopathy	30.1	SLC6A3 CREB1 BDNF
10	borderline personality disorder	30.0	SLC6A3 DRD2 BDNF
11	bowel dysfunction	30.0	SLC6A3 POMC OPRM1 OPRK1
12	acute stress disorder	30.0	POMC BDNF
13	antisocial personality disorder	30.0	SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD2 ANKK1
14	schizoaffective disorder	30.0	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 BDNF
15	dysthymic disorder	30.0	SLC6A3 POMC HCRT DRD4 BDNF
16	somatoform disorder	30.0	POMC OPRM1 FOS BDNF
17	conduct disorder	29.9	SLC6A3 POMC DRD4 DRD2
18	opioid abuse	29.9	POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
19	neonatal abstinence syndrome	29.8	PNOC PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1
20	postpartum depression	29.8	POMC PNOC BDNF
21	fibromyalgia	29.8	POMC PNOC OPRM1 BDNF
22	alcohol use disorder	29.7	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN OPRM1 DRD4 DRD3
23	pheochromocytoma	29.7	POMC PENK PDYN FOS DRD2 CREB1
24	panic disorder	29.6	SLC6A3 POMC DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
25	cocaine abuse	29.6	SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1 FOS DRD3
26	paine syndrome	29.6	POMC PNOC OPRM1 FOS BDNF
27	sleep disorder	29.5	SLC6A3 POMC HCRT FOS BDNF
28	tobacco addiction	29.5	SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 DRD4 DRD3 DRD2
29	cocaine dependence	29.4	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1 OPRD1
30	post-traumatic stress disorder	29.3	SLC6A3 POMC HCRT FOS DRD2 CREB1
31	restless legs syndrome	29.3	SLC6A3 POMC HCRT DRD4 DRD3 DRD2
32	bipolar disorder	29.2	SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 FOS DRD4 DRD3
33	obsessive-compulsive disorder	29.2	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN DRD4 DRD3 DRD2
34	withdrawal disorder	29.1	SLC6A3 POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1
35	body mass index quantitative trait locus 11	29.1	SLC6A3 POMC HCRT FOS DRD4 DRD2
36	substance abuse	28.9	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1 HCRT
37	psychotic disorder	28.9	SLC6A3 PDYN OPRM1 FOS DRD4 DRD3
38	pain agnosia	28.9	POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
39	disease of mental health	28.8	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN OPRM1 HCRT FOS
40	mood disorder	28.8	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN HCRT DRD4 DRD3
41	major depressive disorder	28.7	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN OPRM1 HCRT FOS
42	substance dependence	28.7	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1 OPRD1
43	alcohol dependence	28.6	SLC6A3 POMC PNOC PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
44	drug dependence	28.6	SLC6A3 POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1
45	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	28.3	SLC6A3 POMC PDYN OPRM1 HCRT FOS
46	schizophrenia	28.3	SLC6A3 POMC PNOC PDYN OPRM1 HCRT
47	anxiety	27.8	SLC6A3 POMC PNOC PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
48	opioid dependence 1	11.6
49	pyromania	10.3	DRD2 ANKK1
50	bestiality	10.3	DRD4 DRD3

Comorbidity relations with Opiate Dependence via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Acute Cystitis	Anxiety
Deficiency Anemia	Dysthymic Disorder
Heart Disease	Hypertension, Essential
Major Depressive Disorder	Osteoporosis

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Opiate Dependence:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Opiate Dependence

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Opiate Dependence:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.24	BDNF CREB1 DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.16	BDNF CREB1 DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
3	normal	MP:0002873	10.09	BDNF CREB1 DRD1 DRD2 FOS OPRL1
4	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	9.97	BDNF CREB1 DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 FOS
5	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	9.95	BDNF DRD2 OPRD1 OPRM1 PDYN PENK
6	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	9.92	DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 FOS OPRM1 PDYN
7	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	9.91	BDNF CREB1 DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
8	integument	MP:0010771	9.44	BDNF DRD1 DRD2 FOS OPRD1 OPRK1

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Opiate Dependence

Drugs for Opiate Dependence (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 330)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Cobicistat

Approved

Phase 4

1004316-88-4

24950485 25151504

Elvitegravir

Approved

Phase 4

697761-98-1

23083982 5277135

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 4

15687-27-1

3672

Cathine

Approved, Experimental, Illicit, Vet_approved, Withdrawn

Phase 4

14838-15-4, 492-39-7

131954576 4786 26934

Guaifenesin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

93-14-1

3516

Peginterferon alfa-2b

Approved

Phase 4

215647-85-1, 99210-65-8

Ribavirin

Approved

Phase 4

36791-04-5

37542

Valproic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

99-66-1

3121

Acetazolamide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

59-66-5, 1424-27-7

1986

Baclofen

Approved

Phase 4

1134-47-0

2284

Varenicline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

249296-44-4

5310966

Isoniazid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

54-85-3

3767

Rifapentine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

61379-65-5

5462354

Velpatasvir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1377049-84-7

77335690 67683363

Sofosbuvir

Approved

Phase 4

1190307-88-0

45375808

Tramadol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

27203-92-5

33741 5523

Dexamethasone acetate

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

1177-87-3

3680

Dexamethasone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-02-2

3003 5743

Meloxicam

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

71125-38-7

54677470 5281106

Acetylsalicylic acid

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-78-2

2244

Ketorolac

Approved

Phase 4

74103-06-3, 66635-83-4

3826

Famotidine

Approved

Phase 4

76824-35-6

3325 5702160

Prednisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

53-03-2

5865

Cefazolin

Approved

Phase 4

25953-19-9

33255

Ondansetron

Approved, Withdrawn

Phase 4

99614-02-5

4595

Esomeprazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

73590-58-6, 119141-88-7

9568614 4594

Metoclopramide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

364-62-5

4168

Tranexamic acid

Approved

Phase 4

1197-18-8

5526

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

59467-70-8

4192

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

2078-54-8

4943

Diclofenac

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15307-86-5, 15307-79-6

3033

Oritavancin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

171099-57-3

16136912

Gabapentin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

60142-96-3

3446

Bupivacaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

2180-92-9, 38396-39-3

2474

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

137-58-6

3676

Menthol

Approved, Experimental

Phase 4

1490-04-6, 2216-51-5, 15356-60-2

1254 16666 165675

Oxymorphone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

76-41-5

5284604

Pregabalin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

148553-50-8

5486971

Cholecalciferol

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

67-97-0, 1406-16-2

5280795 10883523

Trichostatin A

Experimental

Phase 4

58880-19-6

5562 444732

Integrase Inhibitors

Phase 4

HIV Integrase Inhibitors

Phase 4

Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination

Phase 4

Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors

Phase 4

Emtricitabine tenofovir alafenamide

Phase 4

Respiratory System Agents

Phase 4

Antitussive Agents

Phase 4

Chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine drug combination

Phase 4

diuretics

Phase 4

Immunologic Factors

Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 1056)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Evaluation of Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (E/C/F/TAF) Switch Followed by Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) Antiviral HCV Therapy Followed by Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide (B/F/TAF) Simplification in HIV-HCV Co-Infected Subjects on Opioid Substitution Therapy - A Pilot Feasibility Study	Unknown status	NCT03549312	Phase 4	Genvoya;Epclusa;Biktarvy
2	SPNS Buprenorphine and Integrated HIV Care Evaluation and Support Center: Integration of Buprenorphine and HIV Treatment Using the OASIS Model	Unknown status	NCT00241930	Phase 4
3	An Evaluation of Innovative Methods for Integrating Buprenorphine Opioid Treatment in HIV Primary Care Settings	Unknown status	NCT00124358	Phase 4	Buprenorphine
4	A Prospective, Randomized Trial of the Effect of Standard of Care Reduced Dose Versus Full Dose Buprenorphine/Naloxone in the Perioperative Period on Pain Control and Post Operative Opioid Use Disorder Symptoms	Unknown status	NCT03266445	Phase 4	buprenorphine/naloxone
5	Buprenorphine Maintenance vs. Detoxification in Prescription Opioid Dependence	Completed	NCT00555425	Phase 4
6	A Multi-center, Open-Label, 24-Week, Follow-Up Study to Assess Safety, Efficacy, and Treatment Adherence For Maintenance Treatment of Opioid Dependence With OX219	Completed	NCT01903005	Phase 4	Higher bioavailability BNX sublingual tablets
7	Gabapentin Regimens and Their Effects on Opioid Consumption	Completed	NCT03334903	Phase 4	Gabapentin
8	A Randomized Clinical Trial of Single Dose Liposomal Bupivacaine Delivered Via VATS Intercostal Nerve Block vs. Continuous Bupivacaine Infusion Delivered Via Indwelling Subscapular Catheter After Surgical Stabilization of Rib Fractures	Completed	NCT03305666	Phase 4	Liposomal bupivacaine injection;Bupivacaine indwelling catheter
9	Relapse Prevention to Reduce HIV Among Women Prisoners	Completed	NCT00763958	Phase 4	Placebo;Buprenorphine
10	A Single Center, Randomized, 2 Way Cross-Over, Phase 4 Study Comparing Usability of Zubsolv Sublingual Tablets 5.7/1.4 to Suboxone Sublingual Film 8/2 Including Ease of Use, Taste Preference, Dissolution Time, Desire to Abuse, and Overall Acceptance In Buprenorphine/Naloxone Treated Opioid Dependent Population	Completed	NCT02038790	Phase 4	Suboxone Sublingual Film;Zubsolv sublingual tablets
11	Buprenorphine Extended-release in Jail and at Re-entry: Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial vs. Daily Sublingual Buprenorphine-naloxone	Completed	NCT03604159	Phase 4	Buprenorphine Extended Release;Sublingual Buprenorphine (SUBOXONE, Zubsolv, or generic tablets)
12	Buprenorphine/Nx Treatment of Heroin Dependence-A Compassionate Use Study	Completed	NCT00015340	Phase 4	Buprenorphine/naloxone
13	Biomarkers of Disease and Response to Treatment in Opioid Addiction	Completed	NCT02324725	Phase 4	Naltrexone
14	Integrating Buprenorphine Into the SFGH AIDS Program (Patient Evaluation Study)	Completed	NCT00263458	Phase 4
15	An Open-Label Pilot Study of Desvenlafaxine for Opioid-Dependent Patients With Comorbid Depression	Completed	NCT02200406	Phase 4	Desvenlafaxine
16	A Phase 4, Pilot, Open-label Study of VIVITROL in the Prevention of Re-arrest and Re-incarceration	Completed	NCT01453374	Phase 4	VIVITROL 380mg
17	A Multicenter Safety Trial of Buprenorphine/Naloxone for the Treatment of Opiate Dependence	Completed	NCT00007527	Phase 4	naloxone;buprenorphine
18	Hepatitis C in a Cohort of Patients With Maintenance Therapy for Opiate Dependence - Prevalence, Severity and Outcome of Antiviral Therapy	Completed	NCT01045278	Phase 4	Pegylated interferon-alfa-2b and ribavirin
19	Treatment of Polydrug-Using Opiate Dependents During Withdrawal	Completed	NCT00367874	Phase 4	Buprenorphine;Valproate
20	Evaluation of Preference for a Buprenorphine-based Maintenance Therapy, After a Switch From Buprenorphine Alone (Subutex®) to the Buprenorphine/Naloxone Combination (Suboxone®), in Opioid-dependent Patients With Buprenorphine Maintenance Therapy	Completed	NCT00684073	Phase 4	buprenorphine;buprenorphine/naloxone
21	A Randomized Acceptability and Safety Study of the Transfer From Subutex to Suboxone in Opioid- Dependent Subjects	Completed	NCT00605033	Phase 4	Suboxone, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride + Naloxone, SCH 484;Subutex, Buprenorphine Hydrochloride, SCH 28444
22	Bridging Care to HCV Treatment Among Opiate Dependent Patients on Buprenorphine/Naloxone Maintenance Therapy: A Pilot Study of Treating HCV With Epclusa at a Psychiatrist-staffed Outpatient Addiction Clinic	Completed	NCT03235154	Phase 4	sofosbuvir/velpatasvir
23	A Randomized Acceptability and Safety Study of Suboxone Induction in Heroin Users	Completed	NCT00604188	Phase 4	Suboxone (SCH 000484);Subutex (SCH 028444)
24	Counseling for Primary Care Office-based Buprenorphine	Completed	NCT00595764	Phase 4
25	An Open Multi-center Trial of Suboxone® (Buprenorphine/Naloxone) Treatment Among Opiate-Dependent Subjects	Completed	NCT00901875	Phase 4	Buprenorphine + naloxone (Suboxone)
26	Effects of Ketamine On Precipitated Opioid Withdrawal Under General Anaesthesia	Completed	NCT00300794	Phase 4	Ketamine
27	Long Acting Naltrexone for Opioid Addiction: the Importance of Mental, Physical and Societal Factors for Sustained Abstinence and Recovery	Completed	NCT03647774	Phase 4	Extended release naltrexone
28	Integration of Buprenorphine Into HIV Clinical Settings - Primary Care Model (PCM)	Completed	NCT00798538	Phase 4
29	A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Buprenorphine and Methadone for Opioid Dependent Chronic Pain Patients	Completed	NCT00879996	Phase 4	Methadone;Buprenorphine/naloxone
30	Intervention of HIV, Drug Use and the Criminal Justice System in Malaysia	Completed	NCT02396979	Phase 4	Methadone
31	A Feasibility Study for Testing the Effects of Extended-release Naltrexone (Vivitrol) on Recidivism and Other Participant Outcomes in Drug Court Settings	Completed	NCT02978417	Phase 4	Naltrexone for extended-release injectable suspension;Oral naltrexone
32	Influence of Dexmedetomidine and Lidocaine on Opioid Consumption, Cognitive Function and Incidence of Neuropathic Pain in Laparoscopic Intestine Resection	Completed	NCT02616523	Phase 4	Dexmedetomidine;Lidocaine;Fentanyl
33	Administration of Acetazolamide to Prevent Remifentanil Induced Hyperalgesia: Randomize Double Blind Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT02992938	Phase 4	Acetazolamide;Placebo Oral Tablet
34	Extended-Release Naltrexone Opioid Treatment at Jail Re-Entry	Completed	NCT01999946	Phase 4	Extended-Release Naltrexone
35	Feasibility Study of Take-Home LAAM Medication	Completed	NCT00000300	Phase 4	LAAM
36	Neurocognitive Effects of Opiate Agonist Treatment	Completed	NCT01733693	Phase 4	Buprenorphine;Methadone
37	A Comparison of PR Oxycodone/Naloxone and PR Oxycodone After Cardiac Surgery	Completed	NCT01374763	Phase 4	Oxycodone;Prolonged-release oxycodone/naloxone
38	Feasibility, Mechanism of Action and Potential Side Effects of Extended Release Depot Naltrexone in Opioid Dependent Patients	Completed	NCT01471145	Phase 4	Naltrexone
39	Management of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection in Pregnant Women With Opioid Use Disorder (OUD): the Potential of an Integrated Medical Home Model: Phase IV Trial of Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir (SOF/VEL) in Postpartum Women With Chronic HCV	Completed	NCT03057847	Phase 4	Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir
40	Multi-institutional, Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Opioid Use and Analgesic Requirements After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery	Completed	NCT03783702	Phase 4	OxyCODONE 5 Mg (milligram) Oral Tablet;Ibuprofen 600 Mg (milligram) Oral Tablet;Acetaminophen 650 MG (milligram) Oral Tablet
41	Optimizing Patient Centered-Care: A Pragmatic Randomized Control Trial Comparing Models of Care in the Management of Prescription Opioid Misuse (OPTIMA Trial)	Completed	NCT03033732	Phase 4	Methadone;Buprenorphine-Naloxone
42	CTN-0051: Extended-Release Naltrexone vs. Buprenorphine for Opioid Treatment	Completed	NCT02032433	Phase 4	Extended-Release Naltrexone;Buprenorphine-Naloxone
43	Buprenorphine in the Emergency Department: Buprenorphine Versus Clonidine for Opioid Withdrawal	Completed	NCT03174067	Phase 4	Buprenorphine;Clonidine
44	An Open-label, Rapid Initiation Study for Extended-Release Buprenorphine Subcutaneous Injection (SUBLOCADE)	Completed	NCT03993392	Phase 4	TM buprenorphine;SUBLOCADE
45	An Open-label, Treatment Extension Study for the Rapid Initiation of Extended-Release Buprenorphine Subcutaneous Injection (SUBLOCADE™)	Completed	NCT04060654	Phase 4	Sublocade
46	A Pilot Implementation Project of Methadone and Suboxone® for Injecting Drug Users in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam	Completed	NCT05368675	Phase 4	medication for opioid use disorder
47	Evaluating the Safety of Acute Baclofen in Methadone-maintained Individuals With Opiate Dependence. An Adaptive, Single-blind, Placebo-controlled Ascending Dose Study of Acute Baclofen on Safety Parameters in Opioid Dependence During Methadone-maintenance Treatment; a Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic Study	Recruiting	NCT05161351	Phase 4	Baclofen;Vitamin D3
48	Addiction, HIV and Tuberculosis in Malaysian Criminal Justice Settings	Recruiting	NCT03089983	Phase 4	Buprenorphine Naloxone;Methadone;Isoniazid;Rifapentine
49	Houston Emergency Opioid Engagement System (HEROES)	Recruiting	NCT03396276	Phase 4	Suboxone
50	Houston Emergency Engagement System for Youths and Adolescents	Recruiting	NCT04811014	Phase 4	Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination

Search NIH Clinical Center for Opiate Dependence

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

CLONIDINE HCL PWDR

Clonidine Hydrochloride

Levomethadyl

Levomethadyl Acetate Hydrochloride

Methadone

Methadone Hydrochloride

nalmefene

Nalmefene hydrochloride

Naloxone Hydrochloride

Naltrexone

Naltrexone hydrochloride

Sources

Genetic Tests for Opiate Dependence

Sources

Anatomical Context for Opiate Dependence

Organs/tissues related to Opiate Dependence:

MalaCards : Brain, Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Bone, Amygdala, Liver, Prostate

Sources

Publications for Opiate Dependence

Articles related to Opiate Dependence:

(show top 50) (show all 5994)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Functional impact of a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the OPRD1 promoter region. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zhang H...Simen AA	20300121	2010
2	Shared mechanisms for opioid tolerance and a transition to chronic pain. ⁵³ ⁶²	Joseph EK...Levine JD	20357116	2010
3	Open-label dose-finding trial of buprenorphine implants (Probuphine) for treatment of heroin dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	White J...Beebe KL	19403243	2009
4	ABCB1 (MDR1) genetic variants are associated with methadone doses required for effective treatment of heroin dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Levran O...Kreek MJ	18424454	2008
5	Office-based maintenance treatment of opioid dependence: how does it compare with traditional approaches? ⁵³ ⁶²	Gunderson EW...Fiellin DA	18193922	2008
6	Evaluation of OPRM1 variants in heroin dependence by family-based association testing and meta-analysis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Glatt SJ...Tsuang MT	17416470	2007
7	The opioid system in alcohol and drug dependence: family-based association study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Xuei X...Edenberg HJ	17503481	2007
8	Association between the DRD2 A1 allele and response to methadone and buprenorphine maintenance treatments. ⁵³ ⁶²	Barratt DT...Somogyi AA	16583408	2006
9	In-vitro and in-vivo characterization of a buprenorphine delivery system. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kleppner SR...Costantini LC	16536895	2006
10	A functional prodynorphin promoter polymorphism and opioid dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ray R...Berrettini WH	16314761	2005
11	Novel exonic mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) polymorphisms not associated with opioid dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Smith RJ...Berrettini WH	15558714	2005
12	A genetic association study of the mu opioid receptor and severe opioid dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Crowley JJ...Grice DE	12960749	2003
13	Introducing a new recruitment approach to sample collection for genetic association studies in opioid dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Franke P...Hoehe MR	12648891	2003
14	D2 dopamine receptor gene in psychiatric and neurologic disorders and its phenotypes. ⁵³ ⁶²	Noble EP	12497624	2003
15	The D(2) dopamine receptor A(1) allele and opioid dependence: association with heroin use and response to methadone treatment. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lawford BR...Ritchie T	11054765	2000
16	The DRD2 gene in psychiatric and neurological disorders and its phenotypes. ⁵³ ⁶²	Noble EP	11256581	2000
17	Addiction and its reward process through polymorphisms of the D2 dopamine receptor gene: a review. ⁵³ ⁶²	Noble EP	10881203	2000
18	Association of alcohol or other drug dependence with alleles of the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1). ⁵³ ⁶²	Kranzler HR...Kaufman D	9756053	1998
19	Dopamine D3 receptor gene variants and substance abuse in schizophrenia. ⁵³ ⁶²	Krebs MO...Poirier MF	9702743	1998
20	The role of glutamate in physical dependence on opioids. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zhu H...Ho IK	9517399	1998
21	Glutamate in opioid dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ho IK...Rockhold RW	9365966	1997
22	Human pharmacology of the opioid neuropeptide dynorphin A(1-13). ⁵³ ⁶²	Greenwald MK...Haberny KA	9190848	1997
23	Male and female rats show opiate withdrawal-induced place aversion and extinction in a Y-maze paradigm. ⁶²	Fournier ML...Le Moine C	36174840	2023
24	Does slow release oral morphine have impact on craving and impulsivity in heroin dependent individuals? ⁶²	Giustiniani J...Zullino D	35833289	2023
25	Normalization of the H3K9me2/H3K14ac-ΔFosB pathway in the nucleus accumbens underlying the reversal of morphine-induced behavioural and synaptic plasticity by Compound 511. ⁶²	Wang Q...Lu Z	36252464	2023
26	Compound 511 ameliorates MRSA-induced lung injury by attenuating morphine-induced immunosuppression in mice via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. ⁶²	Li Z...Lu Z	36252465	2023
27	Multimodal Pain Management Protocol to Decrease Opioid Use and to Improve Pain Control After Thoracic Surgery. ⁶²	Clark IC...Speicher JE	35430217	2022
28	Lessons from COVID-19 to increase opioid vaccine acceptance. ⁶²	Damiescu R...Efferth T	36123169	2022
29	How Emotional Shifts Effect Youth Perceptions of Opioid Risk and Efficacy: Testing a Know the Truth Campaign Narrative. ⁶²	Adams ET...Widman L	33977833	2022
30	Ribosomal DNA transcription is increased in the left nucleus accumbens of heroin-dependent males. ⁶²	Gos T...Kaliszan M	35567616	2022
31	[Substitution Treatment for Opiate Addicts in Forensic Hospitals under the Penal System]. ⁶²	Soyka M...Steinbock H	35100637	2022
32	Aiding the prescriber: developing a machine learning approach to personalized risk modeling for chronic opioid therapy amongst US Army soldiers. ⁶²	Bjarnadottir MV...Nelson DA	35895214	2022
33	Repeated Use of Morphine Induces Anxiety by Affecting a Proinflammatory Cytokine Signaling Pathway in the Prefrontal Cortex in Rats. ⁶²	Ahmadi S...Zobeiri M	36450935	2022
34	The impact of race, gender, and heroin use on opioid addiction stigma. ⁶²	Goodyear K...Chavanne D	36115273	2022
35	Reduced Narcotic Utilization in Total Joint Arthroplasty Patients in an Urban Tertiary Care Center. ⁶²	Lentine B...Smith EL	36325518	2022
36	Evaluation of the relationship between opioid addiction and metabolic syndrome and its components in the adult population from Rafsanjan city; a cohort study. ⁶²	Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z...Abbasifard M	36103030	2022
37	Usefulness of Inhaled Sedation in Patients With Severe ARDS Due to COVID-19. ⁶²	Gomez Duque M...Masclans JR	36414277	2022
38	Effect of human mesenchymal stem cell secretome administration on morphine self-administration and relapse in two animal models of opioid dependence. ⁶²	Quintanilla ME...Ezquer F	36333316	2022
39	Probing different paradigms of morphine withdrawal on sleep behavior in male and female C57BL/6J mice. ⁶²	Bedard ML...McElligott ZA	36415467	2022
40	Nonpharmacological interventions for acute pain management in patients with opioid abuse or opioid tolerance: a scoping review. ⁶²	Hargett J...Palokas M	36065876	2022
41	A common SNP in Chrna5 enhances morphine reward in female mice. ⁶²	Brynildsen JK...Blendy JA	35973602	2022
42	Current and emerging pharmacotherapies for opioid dependence treatments in adults: a comprehensive update. ⁶²	Leyrer-Jackson JM...Olive MF	36278879	2022
43	Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Gray Matter Volume in Patients with Opioid Dependence. ⁶²	Wolf RC...Kubera KM	36380634	2022
44	Diagnosis and treatment of opioid-related disorders in a South African private sector medical insurance scheme: A cohort study. ⁶²	Tlali M...Haas AD	36202041	2022
45	The intergenerational persistence of opioid dependence: Evidence from administrative data. ⁶²	Ahammer A...Halla M	35969540	2022
46	Rapastinel accelerates loss of withdrawal signs after repeated morphine and blunts relapse to conditioned place preference. ⁶²	Armstrong C...Kuhn C	36302442	2022
47	Sensitivity of a fentanyl-vs.-social interaction choice procedure to environmental and pharmacological manipulations. ⁶²	St Onge CM...Townsend EA	36228740	2022
48	Reasons and Risk Factors for Failed Same-Day Discharge After Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty. ⁶²	Shen TS...Rodriguez JA	36332890	2022
49	"I was 15 when I started doing drugs with my dad": Victimization, Social Determinants of Health, and Criminogenic Risk Among Women Opioid Intervention Court Participants. ⁶²	Morse DS...Przybyla SM	34989645	2022
50	Effect of TRV130 and methadone on fentanyl-vs.-food choice and somatic withdrawal signs in opioid-dependent and post-opioid-dependent rats. ⁶²	Townsend EA...Banks ML	35906489	2022

Sources

Genes for Opiate Dependence

Genes related to Opiate Dependence (1 elite genes):

(show all 25)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	ODS1	Opioid Dependence, Susceptibility To, 1	Genetic Locus	50	MalaCards inferred ³⁹
2	OPRM1	Opioid Receptor Mu 1	Protein Coding	17.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	12960749 17416470 15558714 (more) 12648891 17503481 18193922 16536895 20357116 9756053 18424454 19403243 9517399
3	DRD3	Dopamine Receptor D3	Protein Coding	16.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9702743
4	OPRK1	Opioid Receptor Kappa 1	Protein Coding	14.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	9365966 9517399
5	PDYN	Prodynorphin	Protein Coding	13.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	9190848 16314761
6	OPRD1	Opioid Receptor Delta 1	Protein Coding	13.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	17503481 20300121
7	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	13.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11054765 16583408 12497624 (more) 20305222 10881203 11256581
8	ANKK1	Ankyrin Repeat And Kinase Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	6.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	FOS	Fos Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit	Protein Coding	6.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	PENK	Proenkephalin	Protein Coding	6.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	NPFF	Neuropeptide FF-Amide Peptide Precursor	Protein Coding	6.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
12	CREB1	CAMP Responsive Element Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	6.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
13	SLC6A3	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3	Protein Coding	6.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
14	DRD4	Dopamine Receptor D4	Protein Coding	6.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
15	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	6.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
16	DRD1	Dopamine Receptor D1	Protein Coding	6.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
17	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	6.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
18	HCRT	Hypocretin Neuropeptide Precursor	Protein Coding	6.26	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
19	OPRL1	Opioid Related Nociceptin Receptor 1	Protein Coding	6.25	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
20	PNOC	Prepronociceptin	Protein Coding	6.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
21	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	6.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
22	SLC6A4	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4	Protein Coding	6.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
23	TTC12	Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 12	Protein Coding	6.09	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
24	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	5.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
25	CRHR1	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone Receptor 1	Protein Coding	5.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

Sources

Variations for Opiate Dependence

Sources

Expression for Opiate Dependence

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Opiate Dependence.

Sources

Pathways for Opiate Dependence

Pathways related to Opiate Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 23)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	GPCR downstream signalling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways G alpha (i) signalling events ⁶⁶ G alpha (q) signalling events ⁶⁶ Signaling by GPCR ⁶⁶	13.31	POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
2	Signal Transduction ⁶⁶	12.97	POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
3	Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) ⁶⁶ Show member pathways GPCR ligand binding ⁶⁶ GPCRs, class A rhodopsin-like ⁷⁴ Peptide GPCRs ⁷⁴ Peptide ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁶	12.93	DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4 HCRT NPFF
4	Beta-Adrenergic Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways CDK5 Pathway ⁶⁴ Erythropoietin Pathway ⁶⁴ Insulin Pathway ⁷⁰ Insulin Receptor Pathway ⁶⁴	12.72	FOS DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1 BDNF
5	Neuroscience ³	12.44	POMC OPRM1 HCRT CREB1
6	Transcriptional Regulation by MECP2 ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulate PTEN translation ⁶⁶ Disorders of Developmental Biology ⁶⁶ Disorders of Nervous System Development ⁶⁶ Loss of function of MECP2 in Rett syndrome ⁶⁶ Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5hmC-DNA ⁶⁶ Loss of MECP2 binding ability to 5mC-DNA ⁶⁶ Loss of MECP2 binding ability to the NCoR/SMRT complex ⁶⁶ Loss of phosphorylation of MECP2 at T308 ⁶⁶ MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels ⁶⁶ MECP2 regulates transcription factors ⁶⁶ MECP2 regulates transcription of genes involved in GABA signaling ⁶⁶ MECP2 regulates transcription of neuronal ligands ⁶⁶ Pervasive developmental disorders ⁶⁶ Post-transcriptional silencing by small RNAs ⁶⁶ PTEN Loss of Function in Cancer ⁶⁶ Regulation of MECP2 expression and activity ⁶⁶ Regulation of PTEN mRNA translation ⁶⁶	12.2	OPRM1 OPRK1 CREB1 BDNF
7	Dopamine-DARPP32 Feedback onto cAMP Pathway ⁶⁴	12.16	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1 CREB1
8	Spinal cord injury ⁷⁴	11.84	PDYN FOS BDNF
9	Monoamine GPCRs ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Adrenaline signalling through Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor ⁶⁶ Adrenoceptors ⁶⁶ Amine ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁶ Histamine receptors ⁶⁶ Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors ⁶⁶ Serotonin receptors ⁶⁶	11.8	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
10	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.77	POMC OPRM1 OPRD1 FOS
11	Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.72	POMC FOS CREB1
12	Neurophysiological process Glutamate regulation of Dopamine D1A receptor signaling ²² Show member pathways DARPP-32 events ⁶⁶	11.71	PDYN DRD1 CREB1
13	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ⁶¹	11.63	POMC FOS CREB1
14	MECP2 and associated Rett syndrome ⁷⁴	11.6	OPRK1 CREB1 BDNF
15	AP-1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.55	CREB1 FOS PENK
16	Nicotine Pathway (Dopaminergic Neuron), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Nicotine effect on dopaminergic neurons ⁷⁴	11.52	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2
17	Phosphodiesterases in neuronal function ⁷⁴	11.36	DRD2 DRD1 CREB1
18	Common pathways underlying drug addiction ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Hippocampal synaptogenesis and neurogenesis ⁷⁴	11.26	DRD4 DRD2 DRD1 CREB1
19	Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Dopamine receptors ⁶⁶	11.02	SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
20	Nongenotropic Androgen signaling ⁶¹	10.86	FOS CREB1
21	Antipsychotics Pathway (Metabolic Side Effects), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.85	ANKK1 DRD2 POMC
22	ERK pathway in Huntington's disease ⁷⁴	10.77	CREB1 BDNF
23	Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors ⁶⁶	10.43	NPFF HCRT

Sources

GO Terms for Opiate Dependence

Cellular components related to Opiate Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	plasma membrane	GO:0005886	10.53	DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRK1
2	plasma membrane	GO:0005887	10.53	DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRK1
3	neuron projection	GO:0043005	10.26	SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1 FOS
4	perikaryon	GO:0043204	10.13	DRD2 NPFF OPRK1 OPRM1 PENK
5	dendrite	GO:0030425	10.13	BDNF DRD1 DRD2 DRD4 NPFF OPRK1
6	synapse	GO:0045202	10.04	PNOC PDYN OPRK1 HCRT DRD3 DRD2
7	presynaptic membrane	GO:0042734	9.87	DRD1 DRD2 OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRM1 SLC6A3
8	postsynaptic membrane	GO:0045211	9.85	SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 OPRD1 DRD2 DRD1
9	spine apparatus	GO:0097444	9.76	OPRM1 OPRD1
10	obsolete integral component of postsynaptic membrane	GO:0099055	9.65	SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD2 DRD1
11	axon terminus	GO:0043679	9.53	SLC6A3 PNOC PENK PDYN OPRK1 OPRD1
12	obsolete integral component of presynaptic membrane	GO:0099056	9.43	SLC6A3 OPRM1 OPRK1 OPRD1 DRD2 DRD1

Biological processes related to Opiate Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 62)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.5	BDNF CREB1 DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
2	response to xenobiotic stimulus	GO:0009410	10.42	SLC6A3 FOS DRD3 DRD2 DRD1 CREB1
3	chemical synaptic transmission	GO:0007268	10.42	PNOC PENK PDYN OPRK1 NPFF HCRT
4	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.41	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1 DRD4 DRD3
5	excitatory postsynaptic potential	GO:0060079	10.28	DRD2 HCRT NPFF OPRM1
6	phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007200	10.26	OPRM1 OPRK1 OPRD1 HCRT
7	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger	GO:0007187	10.25	DRD1 DRD4 OPRD1 OPRM1
8	sensory perception of pain	GO:0019233	10.23	OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1 PENK
9	positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration involved in phospholipase C-activating G protein-coupled signaling pathway	GO:0051482	10.21	OPRL1 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
10	visual learning	GO:0008542	10.2	DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
11	response to nicotine	GO:0035094	10.19	DRD2 PENK SLC6A3
12	positive regulation of multicellular organism growth	GO:0040018	10.18	SLC6A3 DRD2 CREB1
13	response to radiation	GO:0009314	10.18	PENK OPRM1 OPRK1
14	response to amphetamine	GO:0001975	10.18	DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
15	locomotory behavior	GO:0007626	10.18	SLC6A3 PENK OPRK1 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
16	negative regulation of blood pressure	GO:0045776	10.17	DRD2 DRD3 OPRL1
17	behavioral fear response	GO:0001662	10.17	PENK DRD4 DRD1
18	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007193	10.17	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1
19	arachidonic acid secretion	GO:0050482	10.16	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2
20	temperature homeostasis	GO:0001659	10.15	HCRT DRD2 DRD1
21	negative regulation of voltage-gated calcium channel activity	GO:1901386	10.15	DRD2 DRD3 DRD4 OPRL1
22	negative regulation of protein secretion	GO:0050709	10.14	DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
23	regulation of sensory perception of pain	GO:0051930	10.14	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1
24	dopamine metabolic process	GO:0042417	10.14	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
25	adenylate cyclase-activating adrenergic receptor signaling pathway	GO:0071880	10.13	DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
26	estrous cycle	GO:0044849	10.12	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
27	prepulse inhibition	GO:0060134	10.11	SLC6A3 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
28	regulation of dopamine metabolic process	GO:0042053	10.1	SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD1
29	eating behavior	GO:0042755	10.1	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1 HCRT
30	behavioral response to ethanol	GO:0048149	10.09	DRD2 DRD4 OPRM1
31	phospholipase C-activating dopamine receptor signaling pathway	GO:0060158	10.09	DRD3 DRD2 DRD1
32	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting dopamine receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007195	10.07	DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
33	dopamine receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007212	10.06	DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
34	regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051584	10.06	DRD1 DRD2 DRD3
35	response to ethanol	GO:0045471	10.06	DRD2 DRD3 FOS OPRK1 OPRM1 PENK
36	synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	GO:0001963	10.04	DRD1 DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
37	negative regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	GO:0051481	10.03	DRD3 DRD2
38	adenohypophysis development	GO:0021984	10.03	SLC6A3 DRD2
39	hyaloid vascular plexus regression	GO:1990384	10.03	SLC6A3 DRD2
40	response to histamine	GO:0034776	10.03	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2
41	G protein-coupled opioid receptor signaling pathway	GO:0038003	10.03	OPRD1 OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
42	cerebral cortex GABAergic interneuron migration	GO:0021853	10.02	DRD1 DRD2
43	dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051583	10.02	DRD2 SLC6A3
44	negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0106072	10.02	OPRL1 OPRM1
45	response to morphine	GO:0043278	10.02	PENK OPRM1 OPRK1 DRD3 DRD2
46	regulation of potassium ion transport	GO:0043266	10.01	DRD3 DRD2
47	dopamine transport	GO:0015872	10.01	SLC6A3 DRD1
48	conditioned place preference	GO:1990708	10.01	OPRL1 OPRK1
49	positive regulation of dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051586	9.99	DRD4 DRD2
50	acid secretion	GO:0046717	9.99	DRD3 DRD2

Molecular functions related to Opiate Dependence according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 11)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	G protein-coupled receptor activity	GO:0004930	10.35	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1 DRD4 DRD3
2	peptide binding	GO:0042277	10.06	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1
3	neuropeptide binding	GO:0042923	10.03	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1
4	neuropeptide hormone activity	GO:0005184	10.01	HCRT NPFF PENK PNOC
5	opioid receptor binding	GO:0031628	9.85	PNOC PENK PDYN
6	receptor serine/threonine kinase binding	GO:0033612	9.8	OPRK1 OPRD1
7	opioid peptide activity	GO:0001515	9.8	PNOC PENK PDYN
8	dopamine binding	GO:0035240	9.76	SLC6A3 DRD4 DRD2 DRD1
9	dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity, coupled via Gi/Go	GO:0001591	9.73	DRD2 DRD3 DRD4
10	G protein-coupled opioid receptor activity	GO:0004985	9.43	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 OPRD1
11	dopamine neurotransmitter receptor activity	GO:0004952	9.1	DRD4 DRD3 DRD2 DRD1