Optic Nerve Neoplasm disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: OPT008 MIFTS: 33	Optic Nerve Neoplasm Categories: Cancer diseases, Eye diseases, Neuronal diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

MalaCards integrated aliases for Optic Nerve Neoplasm:

Name: Optic Nerve Neoplasm ¹² ¹⁵

Optic Nerve Neoplasms ⁴⁴ ⁷³

Tumor of Second Cranial Nerve ¹²

Neoplasm of Optic Nerve ¹²

Tumour of Optic Nerve ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Eye diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Neoplasms

Malignant neoplasms of eye, brain and other parts of central nervous system

Malignant neoplasm of spinal cord, cranial nerves and other parts of central nervous system

Malignant neoplasm: Optic nerve

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:3419

MeSH ⁴⁴ D019574

NCIt ⁵⁰ C4801

ICD10 ³³ C72.3

UMLS ⁷³ C0524802

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Summaries for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

MalaCards based summary : Optic Nerve Neoplasm, also known as optic nerve neoplasms, is related to neurofibromatosis, familial spinal and scleral staphyloma. An important gene associated with Optic Nerve Neoplasm is NF1 (Neurofibromin 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Neuroscience and Glioblastoma Multiforme. The drugs Dacarbazine and Temozolomide have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, lung and brain, and related phenotypes are Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection and Increased proliferation

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Related Diseases for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Diseases related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 156)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neurofibromatosis, familial spinal	10.3	NF1 NF2
2	scleral staphyloma	10.3	NF1 OPTN
3	malignant glandular tumor of peripheral nerve sheath	10.3	NF1 SYP
4	panophthalmitis	10.2	OPTN SYP
5	chiari malformation	10.2	MAP2 SYP
6	rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor	10.2	MAP2 SYP
7	breast papillary carcinoma	10.2	KRT5 SYP
8	malignant peritoneal mesothelioma	10.2	CDKN2A NF2
9	immature cataract	10.2	NF1 NF2
10	duodenal somatostatinoma	10.2	ENO2 NF1
11	carotid body cancer	10.2	ENO2 SYP
12	epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor	10.2	ENO2 NF1
13	dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor	10.2	MAP2 NES SYP
14	tanycytic ependymoma	10.2	NES NF2 SYP
15	cornea cancer	10.2	CDKN2A NF2
16	malignant sertoli cell tumor	10.2	ENO2 SYP
17	urinary bladder small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma	10.2	ENO2 SYP
18	meningothelial meningioma	10.2	ENO2 NF2
19	auditory system cancer	10.2	ENO2 SYP
20	gliofibroma	10.2	NF1 TP53
21	sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma	10.2	ENO2 SYP
22	conventional leiomyosarcoma	10.2	CDKN2A NF1
23	inverted transitional papilloma	10.2	CDKN2A KRT5
24	gallbladder small cell carcinoma	10.2	ENO2 SYP
25	pancreatic somatostatinoma	10.2	ENO2 SYP
26	cutaneous ganglioneuroma	10.2	ENO2 SYP
27	small cell carcinoma of the bladder	10.2	ENO2 SYP
28	orbital cancer	10.2	ENO2 SYP
29	pulmonary large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma	10.1	ENO2 SYP
30	atypical neurofibroma	10.1	CDKN2A NF1 NF2
31	clear cell ependymoma	10.1	ENO2 SYP
32	neurofibrosarcoma	10.1	NF1 NF2
33	cauda equina neoplasm	10.1	ENO2 SYP
34	cerebral convexity meningioma	10.1	NF2 TP53
35	endometrial small cell carcinoma	10.1	ENO2 SYP
36	plexiform schwannoma	10.1	ENO2 NF1 NF2
37	cellular ependymoma	10.1	SYP TP53
38	extraosseous chondrosarcoma	10.1	ENO2 SYP
39	plexiform neurofibroma	10.1	NF1 NF2
40	nodular prostate	10.1	ENO2 LOX
41	subependymal glioma	10.1	ENO2 SYP
42	spinal cancer	10.1	NF2 TP53
43	autonomic nervous system benign neoplasm	10.1	ENO2 NF1 SYP
44	pineal parenchymal tumor of intermediate differentiation	10.1	ENO2 NF1 SYP
45	olfactory nerve neoplasm	10.1	ENO2 SYP
46	benign ependymoma	10.1	ENO2 NF2 SYP
47	lymphoepithelioma-like thymic carcinoma	10.1	CDKN2A KRT5
48	papillary tumor of the pineal region	10.1	ENO2 MAP2 SYP
49	paraganglioma	10.1	ENO2 NF1 SYP
50	malignant spiradenoma	10.1	KRT5 TP53

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Increased vaccinia virus (VACV) infection	GR00249-S	9.55	ACE CDKN2A ENO2 FABP7 H2AFX KRT5
2	Increased proliferation	GR00094-A	8.96	NF2 TP53

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.18	ACE CDKN2A ENO2 FABP7 KRT5 LOX
2	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10	ACE CDKN2A ENO2 H2AFX KRT5 MAP2
3	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	9.92	ACE CDKN2A H2AFX MAP2 MIB1 NF1
4	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	9.9	ACE CDKN2A FABP7 H2AFX LOX MIB1
5	craniofacial	MP:0005382	9.85	ENO2 KRT5 MIB1 NF1 NF2 TP53
6	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.73	ACE CDKN2A H2AFX KRT5 LOX MAP2
7	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.1	ACE CDKN2A H2AFX NF1 NF2 TP53

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Drugs for Optic Nerve Neoplasm (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 94)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Dacarbazine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Early Phase 1

4342-03-4

5351166

Temozolomide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Early Phase 1

85622-93-1

5394

Carboplatin

Approved

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

41575-94-4

10339178 38904 498142

Alkylating Agents

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Early Phase 1

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Early Phase 1

Oxaliplatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2,Phase 1

61825-94-3

43805 6857599 5310940 9887054

Irinotecan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2,Phase 1

100286-90-6, 97682-44-5

60838

Bevacizumab

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1, Phase 2

216974-75-3

Lenalidomide

Approved

Phase 2,Phase 1

191732-72-6

216326

Peginterferon alfa-2b

Approved

Phase 2

99210-65-8, 215647-85-1

Vincristine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1, Phase 2

57-22-7, 2068-78-2

5978

Mebendazole

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 1, Phase 2

31431-39-7

4030

Piperazine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 1, Phase 2

110-85-0

4837

Nicotinamide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

98-92-0

936

Sorafenib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

284461-73-0

216239 406563

Citric Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 1, Phase 2

77-92-9

311

Niacin

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

59-67-6

938

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 2

59-30-3

6037

tipifarnib

Investigational

Phase 2

192185-72-1

159324

Camptothecin

Experimental

Phase 2,Phase 1

7689-03-4

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic

Phase 2,Phase 1

topoisomerase I inhibitors

Phase 2,Phase 1

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Phase 2,Phase 1

Immunologic Factors

Phase 2,Phase 1

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 2,Phase 1

Angiogenesis Modulating Agents

Phase 1, Phase 2,Phase 2

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Phase 1, Phase 2,Phase 2

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 2,Phase 1

Immunosuppressive Agents

Phase 2,Phase 1

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Phase 2,Phase 1

Antiviral Agents

Phase 2

interferons

Phase 2

Interferon-alpha

Phase 2

Anthelmintics

Phase 1, Phase 2

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 1, Phase 2

Citrate

Phase 1, Phase 2

Anticonvulsants

Phase 1, Phase 2

Antimitotic Agents

Phase 1, Phase 2

Piperazine citrate

Phase 1, Phase 2

Vitamin B9

Phase 2

Nicotinic Acids

Phase 2

Vitamins

Phase 2

Trace Elements

Phase 2

Grapefruit Seed Extract

Phase 2

Vitamin B3

Phase 2

Folate

Phase 2

Vitamin B Complex

Phase 2

Micronutrients

Phase 2

Vorinostat

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1

149647-78-9

5311

Bortezomib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1

179324-69-7

387447 93860

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 41)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Phase 3 Study of ANP Therapy vs. TMZ for Optic Pathway Glioma	Withdrawn	NCT01260103	Phase 3	Temozolomide;ANP Therapy
2	Cilengitide in Treating Younger Patients With Recurrent or Progressive High-Grade Glioma That Has Not Responded to Standard Therapy	Completed	NCT00679354	Phase 2	cilengitide
3	Oxaliplatin in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent Solid Tumors That Have Not Responded to Previous Treatment	Completed	NCT00091182	Phase 2	oxaliplatin
4	Tipifarnib in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Progressive High-Grade Glioma, Medulloblastoma, Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor, or Brain Stem Glioma	Completed	NCT00070525	Phase 2	tipifarnib
5	Irinotecan in Treating Children With Refractory Solid Tumors	Completed	NCT00004078	Phase 2	irinotecan hydrochloride
6	Antineoplaston Therapy in Treating Children With Visual Pathway Glioma	Completed	NCT00003477	Phase 2	Antineoplaston therapy (Atengenal + Astugenal)
7	Multisession Radiosurgery for Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas	Recruiting	NCT02594709	Phase 2
8	Selumetinib in Treating Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 and Cutaneous Neurofibroma	Recruiting	NCT02839720	Phase 2	Selumetinib
9	Phase II Pegylated Interferon	Recruiting	NCT02343224	Phase 2	Pegylated interferon alpha-2b
10	A Phase I Study of Mebendazole for the Treatment of Pediatric Gliomas	Recruiting	NCT01837862	Phase 1, Phase 2	Mebendazole;Vincristine;Carboplatin;Temozolomide;Bevacizumab;Irinotecan
11	Selumetinib in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Low Grade Glioma	Recruiting	NCT01089101	Phase 1, Phase 2	Selumetinib
12	Low-Dose or High-Dose Lenalidomide in Treating Younger Patients With Recurrent, Refractory, or Progressive Pilocytic Astrocytoma or Optic Pathway Glioma	Active, not recruiting	NCT01553149	Phase 2	Lenalidomide
13	Intermittent Dosing Of Selumetinib In Childhood NF1 Associated Tumours	Not yet recruiting	NCT03326388	Phase 1, Phase 2	Selumetinib
14	Sorafenib in Children and Young Adults With Recurrent or Progressive Low-Grade Astrocytomas	Terminated	NCT01338857	Phase 2	Sorafenib (Nexavar)
15	EYE001 to Treat Retinal Tumors in Patients With Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome	Completed	NCT00056199	Phase 1	EYE001
16	Vorinostat and Temozolomide in Treating Young Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Primary Brain Tumors or Spinal Cord Tumors	Completed	NCT01076530	Phase 1	vorinostat;temozolomide
17	Vorinostat and Bortezomib in Treating Young Patients With Refractory or Recurrent Solid Tumors, Including Central Nervous System Tumors and Lymphoma	Completed	NCT00994500	Phase 1	vorinostat;bortezomib
18	ABT-888 and Temozolomide in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Refractory CNS Tumors	Completed	NCT00946335	Phase 1	veliparib;temozolomide
19	Pazopanib Hydrochloride in Treating Young Patients With Solid Tumors That Have Relapsed or Not Responded to Treatment	Completed	NCT00929903	Phase 1	pazopanib hydrochloride
20	Ispinesib in Treating Young Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors or Lymphoma	Completed	NCT00363272	Phase 1	ispinesib
21	AZD2171 in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent, Progressive, or Refractory Primary CNS Tumors	Completed	NCT00326664	Phase 1	Cediranib Maleate
22	Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan in Treating Young Patients With Refractory Solid Tumors or Lymphomas	Completed	NCT00101270	Phase 1	irinotecan hydrochloride;oxaliplatin
23	Lenalidomide in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent, Progressive, or Refractory CNS Tumors	Completed	NCT00100880	Phase 1	lenalidomide
24	Cilengitide in Treating Children With Refractory Primary Brain Tumors	Completed	NCT00063973	Phase 1	cilengitide
25	FR901228 in Treating Children With Refractory or Recurrent Solid Tumors or Leukemia	Completed	NCT00053963	Phase 1	romidepsin
26	Temozolomide and O6-Benzylguanine in Treating Children With Recurrent Brain Tumors	Completed	NCT00052780	Phase 1	O6-benzylguanine;temozolomide
27	Flavopiridol in Treating Children With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors or Lymphomas	Completed	NCT00012181	Phase 1	alvocidib
28	Entinostat in Treating Pediatric Patients With Recurrent or Refractory Solid Tumors	Recruiting	NCT02780804	Phase 1	Entinostat
29	Using MRI-Guided Laser Heat Ablation to Induce Disruption of the Peritumoral Blood Brain Barrier to Enhance Delivery and Efficacy of Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors	Recruiting	NCT02372409	Phase 1	Doxorubicin;Etoposide
30	Pomalidomide in Treating Younger Patients With Recurrent, Progressive, or Refractory Central Nervous System Tumors	Active, not recruiting	NCT02415153	Phase 1	Pomalidomide
31	Busulfan, Melphalan, Topotecan Hydrochloride, and a Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed or Relapsed Solid Tumor	Active, not recruiting	NCT00638898	Phase 1	busulfan;melphalan;topotecan hydrochloride
32	Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor RO4929097 in Treating Young Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors, CNS Tumors, Lymphoma, or T-Cell Leukemia	Terminated	NCT01088763	Phase 1	gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097;dexamethasone
33	Ophthalmological Screening and Follow-up of Optic Pathway Gliomas in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1.	Unknown status	NCT02078401
34	A Phase II Trial of CyberKnife Radiosurgery to Perioptic Tumors	Completed	NCT02225197	Not Applicable
35	Collecting and Storing Blood and Brain Tumor Tissue Samples From Children With Brain Tumors	Completed	NCT00919750
36	Collecting and Storing Tissue From Young Patients With Cancer	Completed	NCT00898755
37	Natural History Study of Patients With Neurofibromatosis Type I	Recruiting	NCT00924196
38	PET/MRI in CNS and Extra-CNS Tumors of Patients With Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF1)	Active, not recruiting	NCT01800032
39	18F-FDOPA PET/CT or PET/MRI in Measuring Tumors in Patients With Newly-Diagnosed or Recurrent Gliomas	Terminated	NCT02175745	Not Applicable	18F-fluoro-dihydroxyphenylalanine
40	Autologous Stem Cell Collection and Reinfusion in Newly Diagnosed High Grade Gliomas	Withdrawn	NCT02976441	Early Phase 1	Temozolomide
41	Efficacy of 68Ga-DOTATOC Positron Emission Tomography (PET) CT in Children and Young Adults With Brain Tumors	Withdrawn	NCT02194452	Not Applicable

Search NIH Clinical Center for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Cochrane evidence based reviews: optic nerve neoplasms

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Genetic Tests for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

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Anatomical Context for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm:

⁴¹

Eye, Lung, Brain, Ovary, Tonsil, Cervix, Pineal

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Publications for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Articles related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm:

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Unilateral Proptosis: Tumour of Optic Nerve. ( 19988871 )	Martin P	1932

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Genes for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Genes related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm (0 elite genes):

(show all 17)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	NF1	Neurofibromin 1	Protein Coding	17.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
2	MIB1	Mindbomb E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase 1	Protein Coding	15.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	MTO1	Mitochondrial TRNA Translation Optimization 1	Protein Coding	15.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	OPTN	Optineurin	Protein Coding	14.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	NF2	Neurofibromin 2	Protein Coding	14.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	MAP2	Microtubule Associated Protein 2	Protein Coding	13.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	SYP	Synaptophysin	Protein Coding	13.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	NES	Nestin	Protein Coding	13.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	LOX	Lysyl Oxidase	Protein Coding	13.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	13.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	KRT5	Keratin 5	Protein Coding	13.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	FABP7	Fatty Acid Binding Protein 7	Protein Coding	13.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	CDKN2A	Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A	Protein Coding	13.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	ENO2	Enolase 2	Protein Coding	13.11	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	TP53	Tumor Protein P53	Protein Coding	12.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	SCRT1	Scratch Family Transcriptional Repressor 1	Protein Coding	4.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	H2AFX	H2A Histone Family Member X	Protein Coding	3.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

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Expression for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Optic Nerve Neoplasm.

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Pathways for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Pathways related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Neuroscience ⁴	11.7	ENO2 FABP7 MAP2 NF1 NF2 OPTN
2	Glioblastoma Multiforme ⁶⁴	11.5	CDKN2A NF1 NF2 TP53
3	Neural Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.15	FABP7 MAP2 NES SYP

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GO Terms for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

Cellular components related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell body	GO:0044297	8.8	FABP7 MAP2 NF2

Biological processes related to Optic Nerve Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	negative regulation of protein kinase activity	GO:0006469	9.43	CDKN2A NF1 NF2
2	negative regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008285	9.35	CDKN2A FABP7 NF1 NF2 TP53
3	Ras protein signal transduction	GO:0007265	9.33	CDKN2A NF1 TP53
4	replicative senescence	GO:0090399	9.32	CDKN2A TP53
5	negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion	GO:0001953	8.8	CDKN2A NF1 NF2

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Sources for Optic Nerve Neoplasm

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

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¹⁶ DrugBank

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¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia