Osteitis Fibrosa disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: OST004 MIFTS: 42	Osteitis Fibrosa Categories: Bone diseases, Endocrine diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Osteitis Fibrosa

MalaCards integrated aliases for Osteitis Fibrosa:

Name: Osteitis Fibrosa ¹² ⁵⁵ ¹⁵

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica ⁴⁴ ⁷³

Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica Generalisata ¹²

Von Recklinghausen's Bone Disease ¹²

Hyperparathyroid Bone Disease ¹²

Osteitis Fibrosa Disseminata ⁷³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Bone diseases Endocrine diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:3341

MeSH ⁴⁴ D010002

NCIt ⁵⁰ C34875

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 84727000

UMLS ⁷³ C0029405 C0016063

Sources

Summaries for Osteitis Fibrosa

Disease Ontology : ¹² A bone resorption disease that has material basis in hyperparathyroidism which results in hyperactivity in osteoclasts, deformity, and loss of mass located in bone.

MalaCards based summary : Osteitis Fibrosa, also known as osteitis fibrosa cystica, is related to mccune-albright syndrome and pseudohypoparathyroidism, type ib. An important gene associated with Osteitis Fibrosa is BGLAP (Bone Gamma-Carboxyglutamate Protein), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors and G alpha (s) signalling events. The drugs Etidronic acid and Risedronate Sodium have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include bone, kidney and thyroid.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Osteitis fibrosa cystica (/�?�?sti�?aɪtɪs faɪ�?bro�?s�? �?sɪstɪk�?/ OS-tee-AY-tis fy-BROH-s�?... more...

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Related Diseases for Osteitis Fibrosa

Diseases related to Osteitis Fibrosa via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 88)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mccune-albright syndrome	32.4	BGLAP GNAS
2	pseudohypoparathyroidism, type ib	31.9	BGLAP GNAS PTH
3	hyperparathyroidism	31.0	BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
4	primary hyperparathyroidism	30.8	BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
5	parathyroid adenoma	30.6	BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
6	giant cell tumor	30.6	BGLAP CALCA
7	pseudohypoparathyroidism	30.5	BGLAP GNAS PTH
8	osteomalacia	30.4	BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
9	secondary hyperparathyroidism of renal origin	30.4	BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
10	rickets	30.3	BGLAP PTH
11	calciphylaxis	30.2	CASR PTH
12	renal osteodystrophy	30.1	BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
13	bone disease	29.9	B2M BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
14	osteoporosis	29.8	BGLAP CALCA CASR PTH
15	uremia	29.5	B2M CASR PTH
16	monostotic fibrous dysplasia	11.4
17	adenoma	10.7
18	bone inflammation disease	10.5
19	solitary bone cyst	10.3
20	hyperparathyroidism 2 with jaw tumors	10.2
21	thyroid gland disease	10.2	CALCA PTH
22	axial osteomalacia	10.1	BGLAP PTH
23	extraskeletal chondroma	10.1	BGLAP PTH
24	nontoxic goiter	10.1	BGLAP CALCA
25	fibrogenesis imperfecta ossium	10.1	CALCA PTH
26	impaired renal function disease	10.1	BGLAP PTH
27	ischemic bone disease	10.1	BGLAP PTH
28	hemiplegia	10.1	BGLAP CALCA
29	metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, jansen type	10.1	CALCA PTH
30	amyloid tumor	10.1	B2M CALCA
31	chronic pyelonephritis	10.1	B2M CALCA
32	multiple endocrine neoplasia, type iia	10.1	CALCA PTH
33	hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, type i	10.1	CASR PTH
34	uremic neuropathy	10.1	B2M PTH
35	hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, type ii	10.1	CASR PTH
36	hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, familial, type iii	10.1	CASR PTH
37	paget disease of bone 3	10.1
38	thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1	10.1
39	myeloma, multiple	10.1
40	ameloblastoma	10.1
41	calcinosis	10.1
42	liposarcoma	10.1
43	turner syndrome	10.1
44	paraplegia	10.1
45	dwarfism	10.1
46	precocious puberty	10.1
47	hypoparathyroidism, familial isolated	10.1	CASR PTH
48	endocrine organ benign neoplasm	10.1	CALCA PTH
49	idiopathic hypercalciuria	10.1	BGLAP CASR
50	osteonecrosis	10.1	BGLAP PTH

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Osteitis Fibrosa:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Osteitis Fibrosa

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Osteitis Fibrosa

Drugs for Osteitis Fibrosa (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 27)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Etidronic acid

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

7414-83-7, 2809-21-4

3305

Synonyms:

(1-hydroxy-1-phosphonoethyl)phosphonic acid

(1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid)

(1-Hydroxyethylene)diphosphonate

(1-Hydroxyethylene)diphosphonic acid

(1-Hydroxyethylene)diphosphonic acid, tetrapotassium salt

(1-Hydroxyethylidene)bis(phosphonate)

(1-Hydroxyethylidene)bis(phosphonic acid)

(1-Hydroxyethylidene)bisphosphonate

(1-Hydroxyethylidene)bisphosphonic acid

(1-Hydroxyethylidene)diphoshonic acid

(1-Hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate

(1-hydroxy-ethylidene)diphosphonic acid

(1-Hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonic acid

(Hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonate

(Hydroxyethylidene)diphosphonic acid

0-02-00-00171 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)

1 Hydroxyethane 1,1 diphosphonate

1 Hydroxyethylidene 1,1 bisphosphonate

1,1 Hydroxyethylenediphosphonate

1,1,1-Ethanetriol diphosphonate

1,1,1-Ethanetriol diphosphonic acid

1,1-Hydroxyethylenediphosphonate

1000SL

100511-44-2

103736-66-9

106908-76-3

129130-42-3

138360-84-6

14860-53-8 (tetra-potassium salt)

192526-55-9

1-Hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonoethane

1-HYDROXY-1,1-DIPHOSPHONOETHANE

1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethane-1,1,-diphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-bisphosphonate

1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-bisphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonate

1-Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethanediphosphonate

1-Hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethylene diphosphonate, disodium

1-Hydroxyethylidene 1,1-diphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-biphosphonate

1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate

1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonate

1-Hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid

1-Hydroxyethylidenediphosphonic acid

2809-21-4

303177-33-5

51888-66-5

54342_ALDRICH

54342_FLUKA

66216-98-6

853028-38-3

85985-26-8

86159-18-4

AC1L1FMT

Acetodiphosphonate

Acetodiphosphonic acid

Acide etidronique

acide étidronique

Acide etidronique [INN-French]

acido Etidronico

Acido etidronico

ácido etidrónico

Acido etidronico [INN-Spanish]

acidum etidronicum

Acidum etidronicum

Acidum etidronicum [INN-Latin]

Bio-0708

BPBio1_000997

BRN 1789291

BSPBio_000905

C07736

CHEBI:170675

CHEBI:4907

CHEMBL871

CID3305

Cintichem Technetium 99m Hedspa

D02373

DB01077

Dequest 2010

Dequest 2015

Dequest Z 010

Dicalcium ehdp

Dicalcium etidronate

Didronel

Didronel IV

Diphosphonate (base)

Diphosphonate, disodium 1-hydroxyethylene

Diphosphonic acid, hydroxyethylidene

Disodium 1 hydroxyethylene diphosphonate

Disodium 1-hydroxyethylene diphosphonate

Disodium etidronate

EHDP

EHDP, dicalcium

EINECS 220-552-8

Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonate

ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonic acid

Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-bisphosphonic acid

Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate

Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid

Ethanehydroxydiphosphonate

Ethanehydroxyphosphate

etidronate

Etidronate

Etidronate disodium

Etidronate Disodium

Etidronate, dicalcium

Etidronate, disodium

Etidronate, sodium

Etidronate, tetrapotassium salt

Etidronic acid

Etidronic acid (USAN/INN)

Etidronic acid [USAN:INN:BAN]

Etidronic acid monohydrate

Etidronsaeure

Etidronsäure

Ferrofos 510

H0587

H6773_ALDRICH

H6773_SIGMA

HEDP

HEDSPA

HSDB 5898

Hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid

Hydroxyethanediphosphonate

Hydroxyethanediphosphonic acid

Hydroxyethylidene diphosphonic acid

I14-1271

Jsp005415

LS-106637

MLS002207267

MLS002695948

MolPort-001-786-542

MPI Stannous Diphosphonate

NCGC00159352-02

NSC 227995

NSC227995

Osteoscan

Oxyethylidenediphosphonate

Oxyethylidenediphosphonic acid

Phosphonic acid, (1-hydroxyethylidene)bis-, disodium salt

Phosphonic acid, 1-hydroxy-1,1-ethanediyl ester

Prestwick0_000863

Prestwick1_000863

Prestwick2_000863

Prestwick3_000863

RP 61

Salt etidronate, tetrapotassium

SMR000038750

Sodium etidronate

SPBio_002826

STK721995

Tetrapotassium salt etidronate

Turpinal SL

UNII-M2F465ROXU

Xidifon

Xidiphon

Xydiphone

Risedronate Sodium

Phase 2, Phase 3

115436-72-1

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 2, Phase 3

calcium channel blockers

Phase 2, Phase 3

Diphosphonates

Phase 2, Phase 3

Bone Density Conservation Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

Hormones

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Testolactone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

968-93-4

13769

Synonyms:

(4aS,4bR,10aR,10bS,12aS)-10a,12a-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10a,10b,11,12,12a-decahydro-2H-naphtho[2,1-f]chromene-2,8(4bH)-dione

(4AS,4BR,10ar,10BS,12as)-10a,12a-dimethyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10a,10b,11,12,12a-decahydro-2H-naphtho[2,1-F]chromene-2,8(4BH)-dione

(4aS,4bR,10aR,10bS,12aS)-10a,12a-dimethyl-4,4a,4b,5,6,10b,11,12-octahydro-3H-naphtho[2,1-f]chromene-2,8-dione

.DELTA.1-Dehydrotestolactone

.DELTA.1-Dehydrotestololactone

.DELTA.1-Testololactone

1 Dehydrotestolactone

1,2,3,4,4a,4b,7,9,10,10a-Decahydro-2-hydroxy-2,4b-dimethyl-7-oxo-1-phenanthrenepropionic acid delta-lactone

1,2-Dehydrotestololactone

1,2-didehydrotestololactone

1,2-Didehydrotestololactone

13,17-Secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid, 13.alpha.-hydroxy-3-oxo-, .delta.-lactone

13,17-Secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid, 13-hydroxy-3-oxo-, .delta.-lactone

13,17-Secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid, 13-hydroxy-3-oxo-, delta-lactone

13,17-Secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid, 13-hydroxy-3-oxo-, delta-lactone (8CI)

13,17-Secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid, 13-hydroxy-3-oxo-, lactone

13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-Oate delta-lactone

13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-Oate δ-lactone

13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid .delta.-lactone

13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid delta-lactone

13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-Oic acid delta-lactone

13-hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-oic acid δ-lactone

13-Hydroxy-3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dien-17-Oic acid δ-lactone

17alpha-Oxo-D-homo-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione

17a-Oxa-D-homoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

1-Dehydrotestolactone

1-dehydrotestololactone

1-Dehydrotestololactone

2H-Phenanthro[2,1-b]pyran-2,8(4bH)-dione, 3,4,4a,5,6,10a,10b,11,12,12a-decahydro-10a,12a-dimethyl-, lactone

3-oxo-13,17-secoandrosta-1,4-dieno-17,13alpha-lactone

968-93-4

AC1L22FS

Bristol myers squibb brand OF testolactone

Bristol Myers Squibb Brand of Testolactone

Bristol-myers squibb brand OF testolactone

Bristol-Myers Squibb Brand of Testolactone

C02197

C19H24O3

CHEBI:9460

CHEMBL1571

CID13769

D00153

D013738

DB00894

delta(1)-Dehydrotestolactone

delta(1)-Testolactone

delta(1)-testololactone

Delta(1)-testololactone

Delta(1)-Testololactone

Delta-1-testololactone

D-homo-17a-oxaandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

D-homo-17a-Oxaandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

D-Homo-17A-oxaandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione

EINECS 213-534-6

Fludestrin

HSDB 3255

LMST02020084

LS-102968

MolPort-004-286-011

NCI60_001908

NSC 23759

NSC-12173

NSC23759

SQ 9538

SQ-9538

Teolit

Teslac

TESLAC (TN)

Teslak

Testolacton

Testolactona

Testolactona [INN-Spanish]

Testolactone

Testolactone (USP/INN)

Testolactone [USAN:INN]

Testolactonum

Testolactonum [INN-Latin]

Testolattone

Testolattone [DCIT]

UNII-6J9BLA949Q

ZINC04081771

δ(1)-testololactone

Δ1-testololactone

Alendronate

Approved

Phase 2

66376-36-1, 121268-17-5

2088

Synonyms:

(4-amino-1-hydroxy-1-phosphonobutyl)phosphonic acid

(4-amino-1-hydroxybutane-1,1-diyl)bis(phosphonic acid)

(4-amino-1-Hydroxybutylidene)bisphosphonate

(4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene)bisphosphonic acid

(4-amino-1-Hydroxybutylidene)bisphosphonic acid

(4-Amino-1-hydroxybutylidene)bisphosphonic acid

(4-Amino-1-hydroxybutylidene)diphosphonic acid

121268-17-5 (mono-hydrochloride salt, trihydrate)

1yhm

4 amino 1 Hydroxybutylidene 1,1 biphosphonate

4-Amino-1-hydroxybutane-1,1-diphosphonate

4-amino-1-hydroxybutane-1,1-diphosphonic acid

4-Amino-1-hydroxybutane-1,1-diphosphonic Acid

4-amino-1-Hydroxybutylidene 1,1-biphosphonate

4-Amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bis(phosphonic acid)

4-Amino-1-hydroxybutylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate

66376-36-1

ABDP

AC1L1CW3

Acide alendronique

Acide Alendronique

Acide alendronique [INN-French]

Acide Alendronique [INN-French]

acido Alendronico

Acido alendronico

Acido Alendronico

Acido alendronico [INN-Spanish]

Acido Alendronico [INN-Spanish]

Acidum alendronicum

Acidum Alendronicum

Acidum alendronicum [INN-Latin]

Acidum Alendronicum [INN-Latin]

Adronat

AKOS001015793

alendronate

Alendronate

Alendronate monosodium salt, trihydrate

Alendronate sodium

Alendronate Sodium

ALENDRONATE SODIUM

Alendronate sodium hydrate

Alendronic acid

ALENDRONIC ACID

Alendronic acid (INN)

Alendronic acid [INN:BAN]

Alendros

Aminohydroxybutane bisphosphonate

Arendal

BIDD:GT0180

bisphosphonate, 65

Bisphosphonate, aminohydroxybutane

C07752

CHEBI:2567

CHEMBL870

CID2088

D07119

DB00630

Fosamax

Fosamax Plus D

HSCI1_000337

LS-106421

MK 217

MK-217

MolPort-000-421-410

NCGC00096054-01

NCGC00096054-03

NCGC00096054-04

Onclast

Oprea1_422906

Phosphonic acid, (4-amino-1-hydroxybutylidene)bis

Sodium, alendronate

SPECTRUM1505166

ST50036159

UNII-X1J18R4W8P

Anastrozole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

120511-73-1

2187

Synonyms:

.alpha.,alpha.,.alpha.',.alpha.'-tetramethyl-5(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-m-benzenediacetonitrile

1,3-benzenediacetonitrile, a, a, a', a'-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)

120511-73-1

2,2'-(5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-methylpropionitrile)

2,2'-(5-(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(2-methylpropionitrile)

2,2'-[5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-phenylene]bis(2-methylpropanenitrile)

2,2'-[5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-1,3-diyl]bis(2-methylpropanenitrile)

2-[3-(2-cyanopropan-2-yl)-5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)phenyl]-2-methylpropanenitrile

a,a,Alpha',alpha'-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-m-benzenediacetonitrile

AC1L1D49

AC-4234

alpha,alpha,alpha',alpha'-Tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-m-benzenediacetonitrile

alpha,alpha,Alpha',alpha'-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-m-benzenediacetonitrile

anastrazole

Anastrazole

Anastrole

Anastrozol

anastrozole

Anastrozole (JAN/USAN/INN)

Anastrozole [USAN:INN:BAN]

Arimidex

Arimidex (TN)

Arimidex (Zeneca)

Arimidex, Anastrozole

Asiolex

Astra brand of anastrozole

Astra brand OF anastrozole

AstraZeneca brand of anastrozole

AstraZeneca brand OF anastrozole

C08159

C090450

C17H19N5

CHEBI:2704

CHEMBL1399

CID2187

CPD000466301

D00960

DB01217

HMS2052M11

HMS2089N10

HSDB 7462

I06-0021

ICI D1033

ICI-D 1033

ICI-D1033

LS-29563

MLS000759396

MLS001424217

MolPort-005-933-078

NCGC00164619-01

NSC719344

S1188_Selleck

SAM001246525

SBB066057

SMR000466301

UNII-2Z07MYW1AZ

ZD 1033

ZD1033

ZD-1033

Zeneca brand of anastrozole

Zeneca brand OF anastrozole

Zeneca ZD 1033

ZINC00000941

α,α,alpha',alpha'-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-m-benzenediacetonitrile

Fulvestrant

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

129453-61-8

17756771 104741

Synonyms:

(7alpha,17beta)-7-{9-[(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl]nonyl}estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

(7R,13S,17S)-13-methyl-7-(9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)nonyl)-7,8,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17-decahydro-6H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol

(7R,8R,9S,13S,14S,17S)-13-methyl-7-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)nonyl]-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol

(7R,8S,9S,13S,14S,17S)-13-methyl-7-[9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl) nonyl]-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol

129453-61-8

7-(9-(4,4,5,5,5-pentafluoropentylsulfinyl)nonyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17-diol

7alpha-(9-((4,4,5,5,5,-Pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl)nonyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17beta-diol

7alpha-(9-((4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluoropentyl)sulfinyl)nonyl)estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17beta-diol

7alpha-[9[(4,4,5,5,5-Pentafluropentyl)sulfinyl]nonyl]-estra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3, 17 beta diol

AC1L2XEN

AC-4693

AstraZeneca brand of fulvestrant

BIDD:ER0348

BIDD:PXR0136

C070081

C32H47F5O3S

CCRIS 8741

CHEBI:404798

CHEMBL1358

CID104741

D01161

DB00947

Faslodex

Faslodex (TN)

Faslodex(ICI 182,780)

Faslodex, ICI 182780, Fulvestrant

fulvestrant

Fulvestrant

Fulvestrant (JAN/USAN/INN)

Fulvestrant [USAN]

HMS2090N22

HSDB 7658

I06-1109

ICI 182,780

ICI 182,789

Ici 182780

ICI-182780

LS-64781

NCGC00164789-02

nchembio.168-comp5

nchembio.76-comp5

nchembio775-comp4

NSC719276

S1191_Selleck

UNII-22X328QOC4

ZD 182780

ZD-182780

ZD-9238

ZM 182780

ZM-182780

Denosumab

Approved

Phase 2

615258-40-7

Estrogens

Phase 2,Phase 1

Aromatase Inhibitors

Phase 2,Phase 1

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 2

Estrogen Antagonists

Phase 2,Phase 1

Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors

Phase 2,Phase 1

Estrogen Receptor Antagonists

Phase 2,Phase 1

Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors

Phase 1, Phase 2

Letrozole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1

112809-51-5

3902

Synonyms:

1-[bis(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole

1-[Bis-(4-cyanophenyl)methyl]-1,2,4-triazole

112809-51-5

4,4'-((1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methylene)dibenzonitrile

4,4'-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethanediyl)dibenzonitrile

4,4'-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethylene) bis-benzonitrile

4,4'-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl-methylene)-bis(benzonitrile)

4,4'-(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-yl-methylene)-bis(benzonitrile)

4,4'-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethylene)bisbenzonitrile

4,4'-(1h-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethylene)bis-benzonitrile

4,4'-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethylene)bis-Benzonitrile Letrozole

4,4'-(1H-1,2,4-Triazol-1-ylmethylene)dibenzonitrile

4-[(4-cyanophenyl)-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)methyl]benzonitrile

AB00514009

AC-1193

AC1L1GYT

AKOS005145822

BIDD:GT0015

BIDD:PXR0130

Bio-0057

BPBio1_001331

BRD-K88789588-001-03-2

BSPBio_001209

C067431

C08163

C17H11N5

CAS-112809-51-5

CCRIS 8822

CGS 20267

CGS 20267, Femara, Piroxicam, Letrozole

CGS-20267

CHEBI:6413

CHEMBL1444

CID3902

CPD000466343

D00964

DB01006

FEM-345

Femara

Fémara

Femara (TN)

Femera

HMS1571M11

HMS2051E08

HMS2089L22

HSDB 7461

I06-0022

Letoval

Letrozol

letrozole

Letrozole (JAN/USP/INN)

Letrozole [USAN:INN]

LS-38788

MLS000759455

MLS001424038

MLS002584991

MolPort-003-848-373

NCGC00016973-01

NCGC00016973-02

Novartis brand OF letrozole

Novartis Brand of Letrozole

NSC719345

Prestwick0_001025

Prestwick1_001025

Prestwick2_001025

Prestwick3_001025

S1235_Selleck

SAM001246649

SMR000466343

SPBio_003070

TL8000371

UNII-7LKK855W8I

ZINC03778874

Histamine

Approved, Investigational

51-45-6, 75614-87-8

774

Synonyms:

.beta.-Imidazolyl-4-ethylamine

[3H]histamine

1avn

1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine

1H-Imidazole-5-ethanamine

1qft

2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)ethan-1-amine

2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)ethanamine

2-(1H-Imidazol-4-yl)ethylamine

2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethanamine

2-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)ethanamine

2-(1H-Imidazol-5-yl)ethylamine

2-(3H-Imidazol-4-yl)-ethylamine

2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethanamine

2-(4-imidazolyl)ethylamine

2-(4-Imidazolyl)ethylamine

2-[4-Imidazolyl]ethylamine

2-Imidazol-4-ylethylamine

2-Imidazol-4-yl-ethylamine

4-(2-Aminoethyl)-1H-imidazole

4-(2-Aminoethyl)imidazole

4-imidazoleethylamine

4-Imidazoleethylamine

51-45-6

53290_FLUKA

5-imidazoleethylamine

5-Imidazoleethylamine

64422-25-9

924364-91-0

AC-13185

AC1L19ZT

AC1Q54BV

AC1Q54BW

AKOS000274386

ALBB-005968

BCBcMAP01_000250

beta-aminoethylglyoxaline

beta-Aminoethylglyoxaline

beta-aminoethylimidazole

beta-Aminoethylimidazole

beta-aminothethylglyoxaline

beta-Aminothethylglyoxaline

beta-Imidazolyl-4-ethylamine

b-Imidazolyl-4-ethylamine

Bio1_000487

Bio1_000976

Bio1_001465

Bio2_000389

Bio2_000869

bmse000744

BSPBio_001117

BSPBio_002124

C00388

CCRIS 6535

Ceplene

CHEBI:18295

CHEMBL90

CID774

D08040

Dihydrochloride, histamine

DivK1c_000308

EINECS 200-100-6

Eramin

Ergamine

Ergotidine

F411C768-A159-4FC0-A195-291A08BB03AA

Free histamine

H7125_SIGMA

histamine

Histamine (DCF)

Histamine [USAN]

Histamine Base

Histamine dihydrochloride

Histamine hydrochloride

Histamine, Free Base

Histaminum

Histaminum (TN)

HMS1362G19

HMS1792G19

HMS1990G19

HSDB 3338

HSM

Hydrochloride, histamine

IDI1_000308

IDI1_002144

Imidazole-4-ethylamine

Istamina

Istamina [Italian]

KBio1_000308

KBio2_000457

KBio2_001325

KBio2_003025

KBio2_003893

KBio2_005593

KBio2_006461

KBio3_000853

KBio3_000854

KBio3_001344

KBioGR_000457

KBioGR_001580

KBioSS_000457

KBioSS_001325

L000292

L-Histamin base

L-histamine

L-Histamine

Lopac0_000595

Lopac-H-7250

LS-75835

MLS000069447

MolPort-001-785-597

MolPort-002-042-264

NCGC00015513-01

NCGC00015513-08

NCGC00093371-02

NCGC00093371-03

NCGC00093371-04

NCGC00093371-05

nchembio.87-comp54

nchembio714-comp1

NINDS_000308

NSC 33792

NSC33792

Peremin

SDCCGMLS-0066601.P001

SMP1_000151

SMR000059091

SPBio_000729

Spectrum_000845

Spectrum2_000665

Spectrum3_000452

Spectrum4_000960

Spectrum5_000796

ST073926

STK346752

STOCK5S-55669

Theramine

UNII-820484N8I3

WLN: T5M CNJ D2Z

ZERO/004089

Histamine Phosphate

51-74-1

65513

Synonyms:

1H-Imidazole-4-ethanamine, phosphate (1:2)

2-Imidazol-4-ylethylamine orthophosphoric acid (1:2)

4-(2-Aminoethyl)imidazole bis(dihydrogen phosphate)

4-(2-Aminoethyl)imidazole di-acid phosphate

4-2(2-Aminoethyl)Imidazole-Di-Acid Phosphate

51-74-1

53623-99-7

74-56-6

AC1L23E4

CID65513

D04445

DB00667

EINECS 200-118-4

H0147

Histamine acid phosphate

Histamine biphosphate

Histamine dihydrogen phosphate

Histamine diphosphate

Histamine phosphate (1:2)

Histamine phosphate (TN)

Histamine phosphate (USP)

Histamine phosphate [USP]

Histamine positive

LS-78569

UNII-QWB37T4WZZ

Neurotransmitter Agents

insulin

Insulin, Globin Zinc

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 20)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Effect of Risedronate on Bone Morbidity in Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone	Unknown status	NCT00445575	Phase 2, Phase 3	risedronate;placebo;risedronate;placebo
2	A Study of the Effects of Pegvisomant on Growth Hormone Excess in McCune-Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00017927	Phase 3	Pegvisomant
3	TOCILIZUMAB IN FIBROUS DYSPLASIA OF BONE	Unknown status	NCT01791842	Phase 2	Tocilizumab;Placebo
4	Testolactone for the Treatment of Girls With LHRH Resistant Precocious Puberty	Completed	NCT00001181	Phase 2	Testolactone
5	Alendronate to Treat Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00001728	Phase 2	Fosamax (Alendronate)
6	Arimidex in McCune Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00055302	Phase 2	Arimidex 1 mg
7	PET Imaging of Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) in Brain and Peripheral Organs of McCune-Albright Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT02743377	Phase 1, Phase 2
8	Faslodex in McCune Albright Syndrome	Active, not recruiting	NCT00278915	Phase 2	Fulvestrant
9	Denosumab Treatment for Fibrous Dysplasia	Enrolling by invitation	NCT03571191	Phase 2	Denosumab;Denosumab;Denosumab
10	Effects of Letrozole on Precocious Puberty Due to McCune Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00006174	Phase 1	Letrozole
11	Interest of Serum Periostin Dosage in Patients With Bone Fibrous Dysplasia	Completed	NCT02868645	Not Applicable
12	Studies on Abnormal Bone From Patients With Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00001973
13	The Influence of Bisphosphonates in the Oral Cavity in Children	Completed	NCT00402064
14	Bone Marrow Injection to Replace Diseased Bone in Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00001851
15	Natural History of Cherubism Observational Study	Completed	NCT01916772
16	Histamine Responsiveness in McCune-Albright Syndrome	Completed	NCT00318097
17	Screening and Natural History of Patients With Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia and McCune-Albright Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT00001727
18	Characterization of Diabetes Mellitus in Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome	Recruiting	NCT03520153
19	Fibrous Dysplasia, McCune-Albright Syndrome Patient Registry	Recruiting	NCT03231644
20	Genetic and Functional Analysis of Cherubism	Recruiting	NCT01630447

Search NIH Clinical Center for Osteitis Fibrosa

Cochrane evidence based reviews: osteitis fibrosa cystica

Sources

Genetic Tests for Osteitis Fibrosa

Sources

Anatomical Context for Osteitis Fibrosa

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Osteitis Fibrosa:

⁴¹

Bone, Kidney, Thyroid, T Cells, Skin, Bone Marrow

The Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology organs/tissues related to Osteitis Fibrosa:

¹⁹

Bone

Sources

Publications for Osteitis Fibrosa

Articles related to Osteitis Fibrosa:

(show top 50) (show all 168)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica. ( 29415233 )	Cherian E.T....Guttenberg K.B.	2018
2	Osteitis fibrosa cystica masquerading as bone neoplasm. ( 29735505 )	Garla V.V....Subauste A.	2018
3	Expansive renal osteitis fibrosa: a case report. ( 29725779 )	Andrade G.S....Nogueira R.L.M.	2018
4	Mandibular Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica as First Sign of Vitamin D Deficiency. ( 29850279 )		2018
5	Suspected Malignant Lesion of the Hip Resolves after Parathyroidectomy: Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (or Brown Tumor): A Case Report. ( 29996036 )	Alvine O...Alvine G	2018
6	Osteitis fibrosa cystica-a forgotten radiological feature of primary hyperparathyroidism. ( 28900835 )	Misiorowski W....Bilezikian J.P.	2017
7	Osteolytic lesions: osteitis fibrosa cystica in the setting of severe primary hyperparathyroidism. ( 28554885 )		2017
8	Osteitis fibrosa cystica of mandible in hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome: A rare presentation and review of literature. ( 29386822 )	Satpathy AS...Satpathy S	2017
9	Impact of curative surgery on bone in a patient with osteitis fibrosa cystica of primary hyperparathyroidism. ( 27030464 )	Sathyakumar S....Paul T.V.	2016
10	Osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 27238197 )		2016
11	A Rare Case of Concomitant Maxilla and Mandible Brown Tumours, Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Parathyroid Adenoma, and Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica. ( 26881146 )		2016
12	Tumor suppressor gene mutation in a patient with a history of hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome and healed generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica: a case report and genetic pathophysiology review. ( 25511968 )	Parfitt J....Kalamchi S.	2015
13	Facial disfigurement due to osteitis fibrosa cystica or brown tumor from secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients on dialysis: A systematic review and an illustrative case report. ( 25828738 )	Baracaldo R.M....Rubinstein S.	2015
14	Brown tumors: severe osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 25939949 )	RodrA-guez-GutiAcrrez R....Hinojosa-Amaya J.M.	2015
15	Osteitis fibrosa cystica in a domestic young cat. ( 28491388 )	Leite-Filho R.V....Sonne L.	2015
16	Osteitis fibrosa cystica in primary hyperparathyroidism. ( 26261355 )		2015
17	Osteitis fibrosa cystica mistaken for malignant disease. ( 23799171 )	Lee J.H....Kim H.S.	2013
18	Radiographical appearance of osteitis fibrosa cystica in primary hyperparathyroidism before and after parathyroidectomy. ( 23365170 )	Sandoval M.A.	2013
19	Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome detected by aggressive generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 23858315 )		2013
20	Successful treatment of osteitis fibrosa cystica from primary hyperparathyroidism. ( 23259108 )		2012
21	Bisphosphonates can reduce bone hunger after parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 21584419 )	FranAsa T.C....Bandeira F.	2011
22	A rare case of primary hyperparathyroidism and osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 20919975 )		2010
23	Osteitis fibrosa is mediated by Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-A via a phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent signaling pathway in a rat model for chronic hyperparathyroidism. ( 18635661 )		2008
24	Fine needle aspiration diagnosis of osteitis fibrosa cystica (brown tumor of bone): a case report. ( 18702368 )		2008
25	Visual vignette. Osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 18753115 )		2008
26	Osteitis fibrosa cystica and secondary hyperparathyroidism in multiple myeloma. ( 17062009 )	Bains M.A....Rudin C.E.	2007
27	Oxyphilic cell adenoma of parathyroid resulting in primary hyperparathyroidism and osteitis fibrosa cystica--a case report. ( 17001919 )		2006
28	Pathologic fracture of the distal femur in osteitis fibrosa cystica simulating metastatic disease. ( 15168133 )	Hsieh M.C....Eng H.L.	2004
29	Osteitis fibrosa cystica, coeliac disease and Turner syndrome. A case report. ( 15285529 )		2004
30	Recovery pattern of patients with osteitis fibrosa cystica in primary hyperparathyroidism after successful parathyroidectomy. ( 12490858 )	Agarwal G....Mithal A.	2002
31	Radiology quiz case 2: metastatic calcifications of the middle and external ear and osteitis fibrosa of the temporal bones as a result of secondary hyperparathyroidism. ( 11926927 )		2002
32	Cytokine accumulation in osteitis fibrosa of renal osteodystrophy. ( 11743611 )		2002
33	Effect of parathyroid adenoma resection on bone density in primary hyperparathyroidism and osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 11688767 )	Knee T.S....Shakir K.M.	2001
34	Tc99m-sestamibi uptake in osteitis fibrosa cystica simulating metastatic bone disease. ( 11701666 )	Rubin M.R....Bilezikian J.P.	2001
35	False positive 99mTc sestamibi scans in patients with osteitis fibrosa cystica and brown tumours. ( 11716445 )	D'Avanzo A....Clark O.H.	2001
36	Images in haematology. Osteitis fibrosa cystica generalisata with adult T-cell leukaemia: a case report. ( 11054056 )	Yamaguchi T	2000
37	Osteitis fibrosa cystica generalizata with adult T-cell leukaemia: a case report. ( 10606900 )	Yamaguchi T....Arima N.	1999
38	22-Oxacalcitriol ameliorates high-turnover bone and marked osteitis fibrosa in rats with slowly progressive nephritis. ( 10594779 )		1999
39	Osteitis fibrosa cystica with renal parathyroid hormone resistance: a review of pseudohypoparathyroidism with insight into calcium homeostasis. ( 9637471 )	Eubanks P.J....Stabile B.E.	1998
40	Marked improvement in bone mass after parathyroidectomy in osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 9506717 )	Kulak C.A....Bilezikian J.P.	1998
41	NPS R-568 halts or reverses osteitis fibrosa in uremic rats. ( 9461105 )	Wada M....Nagano N.	1998
42	Comment on marked improvement in bone mass after parathyroidectomy in osteitis fibrosa cystica. ( 9768702 )	Minisola S....Romagnoli E.	1998
43	Osteitis fibrosa: treatment trends. ( 9543904 )		1998
44	Osteitis fibrosa cystica and chronic renal failure. ( 9158318 )	Spaulding C.M....Young G.	1997
45	Spontaneous healing of osteitis fibrosa cystica in primary hyperparathyroidism. ( 9015472 )	Gibbs C.J....Smith J.	1996
46	Intravenous calcitriol can increase bone mass in hemodialysis patients with osteitis fibrosa. ( 7565429 )	Akiba T....Marumo F.	1995
47	Inhibition of 1,25(OH)2D production by hypercalcemia in osteitis fibrosa cystica: influence on parathyroid hormone secretion and hungry bone disease. ( 8274876 )	Brossard J.H....D'Amour P.	1993
48	Pseudohypoparathyroidism with osteitis fibrosa cystica: direct demonstration of skeletal responsiveness to parathyroid hormone in cells cultured from bone. ( 8427051 )	Murray T.M....Levine M.A.	1993
49	Paraplegia due to osteitis fibrosa secondary to primary hyperparathyroidism: report of a case. ( 8292854 )	Sarda A.K....Kapur M.	1993
50	Case management of the anemic patient: epoetin alfa--focus on osteitis fibrosa. ( 8285805 )		1993

Sources

Genes for Osteitis Fibrosa

Genes related to Osteitis Fibrosa (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	BGLAP	Bone Gamma-Carboxyglutamate Protein	Protein Coding	31.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11398592
2	PTH	Parathyroid Hormone	Protein Coding	26.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵	7485141 11398592
3	CASR	Calcium Sensing Receptor	Protein Coding	23.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵	15490408
4	CALCA	Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha	Protein Coding	23.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	GNAS	GNAS Complex Locus	Protein Coding	22.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵	11498730
6	PDLIM3	PDZ And LIM Domain 3	Protein Coding	18.84	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵	1474716
7	B2M	Beta-2-Microglobulin	Protein Coding	17.85	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵	11490527

Sources

Variations for Osteitis Fibrosa

Sources

Expression for Osteitis Fibrosa

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Osteitis Fibrosa.

Sources

Pathways for Osteitis Fibrosa

Pathways related to Osteitis Fibrosa according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Presynaptic function of Kainate receptors ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Activation of Ca-permeable Kainate Receptor ⁶⁶ Activation of Kainate Receptors upon glutamate binding ⁶⁶ Activation of Na-permeable Kainate Receptors ⁶⁶ Calcitonin-like ligand receptors ⁶⁶ Class B/2 (Secretin family receptors) ⁶⁶ G beta-gamma signalling through PLC beta ⁶⁶ Glucagon-type ligand receptors ⁶⁶ G-Protein Signaling through Tubby Protein ⁶⁴ Ionotropic activity of Kainate Receptors ⁶⁶	11.94	CALCA GNAS PTH
2	G alpha (s) signalling events ⁶⁶	11.66	CALCA GNAS PTH
3	Proton Pump Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶¹	11.1	CASR GNAS
4	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²²	10.99	BGLAP CALCA PTH
5	Parathyroid hormone synthesis, secretion and action ³⁷	10.95	BGLAP CASR GNAS PTH
6	Endothelin Pathways ¹	10.94	CALCA GNAS
7	Development_Hedgehog and PTH signaling pathways in bone and cartilage development ²²	10.72	BGLAP GNAS PTH
8	Osteoblast Signaling ¹	10.4	BGLAP PTH

Sources

GO Terms for Osteitis Fibrosa

Cellular components related to Osteitis Fibrosa according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.02	B2M BGLAP CALCA GNAS PTH

Biological processes related to Osteitis Fibrosa according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 16)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	9.85	CALCA CASR GNAS PTH
2	skeletal system development	GO:0001501	9.58	BGLAP GNAS PTH
3	ossification	GO:0001503	9.56	BGLAP CASR
4	response to nutrient levels	GO:0031667	9.54	BGLAP PTH
5	bone development	GO:0060348	9.52	BGLAP GNAS
6	bone mineralization	GO:0030282	9.51	BGLAP PTH
7	adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007189	9.5	CALCA GNAS PTH
8	activation of adenylate cyclase activity	GO:0007190	9.49	CALCA GNAS
9	response to cadmium ion	GO:0046686	9.48	B2M PTH
10	response to vitamin D	GO:0033280	9.46	BGLAP PTH
11	vasodilation	GO:0042311	9.43	CALCA CASR
12	cellular calcium ion homeostasis	GO:0006874	9.43	CALCA CASR PTH
13	cellular response to vitamin D	GO:0071305	9.37	BGLAP CASR
14	response to fibroblast growth factor	GO:0071774	9.16	CASR PTH
15	response to parathyroid hormone	GO:0071107	8.96	GNAS PTH
16	response to drug	GO:0042493	8.92	B2M BGLAP GNAS PTH

Sources

Sources for Osteitis Fibrosa

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia