Ovarian Cystadenoma disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: OVR048 MIFTS: 30	Ovarian Cystadenoma Categories: Cancer diseases, Reproductive diseases, Endocrine diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Download Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Ovarian Cystadenoma

MalaCards integrated aliases for Ovarian Cystadenoma:

Name: Ovarian Cystadenoma ¹² ⁵⁵ ¹⁵ ⁷³

Simple Cystoma of the Ovary ¹²

Cystoma Serosum Simplex ¹²

Simple Cystoma of Ovary ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases Endocrine diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:3269

NCIt ⁵⁰ C4060

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 198297004

UMLS ⁷³ C0346169

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Summaries for Ovarian Cystadenoma

MalaCards based summary : Ovarian Cystadenoma, also known as simple cystoma of the ovary, is related to mucinous ovarian cystadenoma and cystadenoma. An important gene associated with Ovarian Cystadenoma is BRCA1 (BRCA1, DNA Repair Associated), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression and ATF-2 transcription factor network. The drugs Paclitaxel and Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include ovary and bone, and related phenotypes are Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2) and Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Ovarian cystadenoma is a cystic benign tumor of the ovary. Two types are recognized: serous and... more...

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Related Diseases for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Diseases related to Ovarian Cystadenoma via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mucinous ovarian cystadenoma	12.2
2	cystadenoma	10.5
3	ovarian cancer	9.9
4	peritonitis	9.9
5	malignant ovarian surface epithelial-stromal neoplasm	9.9	BRCA1 ZNF217
6	primary peritoneal carcinoma	9.8	BRCA1 MUC16
7	epidermoid cysts	9.7
8	lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia	9.7
9	zollinger-ellison syndrome	9.7
10	struma ovarii	9.7
11	leiomyomatosis	9.7
12	tuberculous peritonitis	9.7
13	ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma	9.5	MUC16 ZNF217
14	female reproductive organ cancer	9.4	BRCA1 MUC16
15	ovarian benign neoplasm	8.9	FH SELE ZNF217

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Ovarian Cystadenoma:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Ovarian Cystadenoma

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Ovarian Cystadenoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶ (show all 18)

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-122	10.21	ZNF217
2	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-127	10.21	ZNF217
3	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-131	10.21	LMNA ZNF217
4	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-147	10.21	ZNF217
5	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-151	10.21	LMNA SELE ZNF217
6	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-159	10.21	ZNF217
7	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-161	10.21	ZNF217
8	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-186	10.21	ZNF217
9	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-189	10.21	SELE
10	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-19	10.21	SELE
11	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-25	10.21	ZNF217
12	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-39	10.21	SELE
13	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-63	10.21	ZNF217
14	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-67	10.21	ZNF217
15	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-83	10.21	ZNF217
16	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-90	10.21	LMNA
17	Increased shRNA abundance (Z-score > 2)	GR00366-A-99	10.21	ZNF217
18	Upregulation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway after WNT3A stimulation	GR00016-A	8.8	LMNA BRCA1 FH

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Ovarian Cystadenoma:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	8.92	BRCA1 CLU FH LMNA

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Drugs for Ovarian Cystadenoma (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Paclitaxel

Approved, Vet_approved

33069-62-4

36314

Synonyms:

(2AR-(2aalpha,4b,4abeta,6b,9a(a r*,betas*),11a,12a,12balpha))-b-(benzoylamino)-a-hydroxybenzenepropanoate 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester

(2AR-(2aalpha,4b,4abeta,6b,9a(a r*,betas*),11a,12a,12balpha))-b-(benzoylamino)-a-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester

(2AR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alpha r*,betas*),11alpha,12alpha,12balpha))-beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxybenzenepropanoate 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester

(2AR-(2aalpha,4beta,4abeta,6beta,9alpha(alpha r*,betas*),11alpha,12alpha,12balpha))-beta-(benzoylamino)-alpha-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester

(2AR-(2aalpha,4β,4abeta,6β,9α(α r*,betas*),11α,12α,12balpha))-β-(benzoylamino)-α-hydroxybenzenepropanoate 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester

(2AR-(2aalpha,4β,4abeta,6β,9α(α r*,betas*),11α,12α,12balpha))-β-(benzoylamino)-α-hydroxybenzenepropanoic acid 6,12b-bis(acetyloxy)-12-(benzoyloxy)-2a,3,4,4a,5,6,9,10,11,12,12a,12b-dodecahydro-4,11-dihydroxy-4a,8,13,13-tetramethyl-5-oxo-7,11-methano-1H-cyclodeca(3,4)benz(1,2-b)oxet-9-yl ester

12-benzoate, 9-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine

157069-30-2

33069-62-4

5b,20-Epoxy-1,2-a,4,7b,10b,13a-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetate 2-benzoate 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine

5b,20-Epoxy-1,2-a,4,7b,10b,13a-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetic acid 2-benzoic acid 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine

5beta,20-Epoxy-1,2-alpha,4,7beta,10beta,13alpha-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetate 2-benzoate 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine

5beta,20-Epoxy-1,2-alpha,4,7beta,10beta,13alpha-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetic acid 2-benzoic acid 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine

5β,20-epoxy-1,2-α,4,7β,10β,13α-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetate 2-benzoate 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine

5β,20-epoxy-1,2-α,4,7β,10β,13α-hexahydroxytax-11-en-9-one 4,10-diacetic acid 2-benzoic acid 13-ester with (2R,3S)-N-benzoyl-3-phenylisoserine

7 Epi taxol

7,11-Methano-1H-cyclodeca[3,4]benz[1,2-b]oxete, benzenepropanoic acid deriv.

7,11-Methano-5H-cyclodeca[3,4]benz[1,2-b]oxete,benzenepropanoic acid deriv.

7-epi-Paclitaxel

7-Epipaclitaxel

7-Epi-paclitaxel

7-epi-Taxol

7-Epitaxol

7-Epi-taxol

AB00513812

ABI 007

abi-007

ABI007

ABI-007

Abraxane

Abraxane (TN)

Abraxane I.V. Suspension

Abraxis BioScience brand of albumin-bound paclitaxel

AC1L1IOG

AC1L1VJI

AC1L9AVF

AC-675

ACon1_002231

albumin-bound paclitaxel

Ambotz33069-62-4

ANX-513

Anzatax

Asotax

BIDD:PXR0046

Bio-0076

Bio1_000362

Bio1_000851

Bio1_001340

Bio2_000416

Bio2_000896

BMS 181339-01

BMS-181339

BMS-181339-01

BPBio1_000320

BRD-A23723433-001-01-2

BRD-A28746609-001-04-0

BRD-K62008436-001-03-1

Bris taxol

Bristaxol

BSPBio_000290

BSPBio_001152

BSPBio_002614

C07394

C466458

C47H51NO14

Capxol

CCRIS 8143

CHEBI:103439

CHEBI:45863

CHEMBL100910

CHEMBL418410

CHEMBL48

CID36314

CID441276

CID4666

CID6713921

CID6915727

cMAP_000068

CPD-8718

D00491

DB01229

DHP-107

DHP-208

DivK1c_000441

DRG-0190

DTS-301

Ebetaxel

EmPAC

Epitaxol

EU-0101201

Genaxol

Genetaxyl

Genexol

Genexol-PM

HMS1362J13

HMS1568O12

HMS1792J13

HMS1922K08

HMS1990J13

HMS2090D07

HMS2093K15

HMS501G03

HSDB 6839

I06-0014

IDI1_000441

IDI1_002171

Intaxel

KBio1_000441

KBio2_000492

KBio2_002016

KBio2_002509

KBio2_003060

KBio2_004584

KBio2_005077

KBio2_005628

KBio2_007152

KBio2_007645

KBio3_000903

KBio3_000904

KBio3_001834

KBio3_002987

KBioGR_000492

KBioGR_001893

KBioGR_002509

KBioSS_000492

KBioSS_002016

KBioSS_002517

LipoPac

LMPR0104390001

Lopac0_001201

LS-31070

MBT 0206

MEGxp0_001940

Micellar Paclitaxel

Mitotax

MLS000863266

MLS001077297

MLS002154218

MLS002172439

MLS002695976

MolPort-001-742-627

MolPort-003-665-783

MolPort-003-932-365

MPI-5018

nab-paclitaxel

Nanotaxel

NCGC00024995-02

NCGC00024995-03

NCGC00024995-04

NCGC00024995-05

NCGC00024995-06

NCGC00024995-07

NCGC00164367-01

NCGC00164367-02

NCGC00164367-03

nchembio.188-comp1

nchembio.2007.34-comp9

nchembio.215-comp9

nchembio853-comp6

NCI60_000601

Neuro_000060

NINDS_000441

NK 105

Nova-12005

NP-010981

NSC 125973

NSC125973

NSC-125973

NSC358882

OAS-PAC-100

OncoGel

Onxal

Onxol

Onxol, Taxol, Nov-Onxol, Paclitaxel

P1632

Paclical

Pacligel

paclitaxel

Paclitaxel

Paclitaxel (JAN/USP)

Paclitaxel (JAN/USP/INN)

Paclitaxel (Taxol)

Paclitaxel [USAN:INN:BAN]

Paclitaxel, (4 alpha)-isomer

Paxceed

Paxene

Paxoral

Plaxicel

Praxel

Prestwick0_000155

Prestwick1_000155

Prestwick2_000155

Prestwick3_000155

Probes2_000350

QW 8184

S1150_Selleck

S-8184 Paclitaxel Injectable Emulsion

SDCCGMLS-0066823.P001

SDP-013

SMP1_000228

SMR000394086

SMR000857385

SPBio_000943

SPBio_002229

Spectrum_001536

SPECTRUM1503908

Spectrum2_000872

Spectrum3_001057

Spectrum4_001197

Spectrum5_001491

ST50306996

T 7402

T1912_SIGMA

T7191_SIGMA

T7402_SIGMA

TA1

TaxAlbin

Taxol

TAXOL

TAXOL (TN)

Taxol a

Taxol A

Taxol Konzentrat

TAXOL, 10-EPI,

Taxol, bris

Taxol.RTM. (Registered Trademark)

TXL

UNII-P88XT4IS4D

UPCMLD-DP108:001

UPCMLD-DP108:002

Vascular Wrap

weekly paclitaxel

Xorane

Yewtaxan

Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Ovarian Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma Review	Completed	NCT02129036

Search NIH Clinical Center for Ovarian Cystadenoma

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Genetic Tests for Ovarian Cystadenoma

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Anatomical Context for Ovarian Cystadenoma

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Ovarian Cystadenoma:

⁴¹

Ovary, Bone

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Publications for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Articles related to Ovarian Cystadenoma:

(show all 34)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Ruptured benign serous ovarian cystadenoma mimicking ovarian malignancy with peritoneal carcinomatosis. ( 27421673 )	Boussouar S....Chamming's F.	2016
2	An unexpected death due to massive ascites and a giant mucinous ovarian cystadenoma. ( 27890095 )	Kashiwagi M....Kubo S.I.	2016
3	Ovarian Cystadenoma in a Trafficked Patient. ( 27244785 )	Titchen K.E....White K.	2016
4	Presacral epidermoid cyst in an elderly female, mistaken for ovarian cystadenoma. ( 25404834 )	Jha A....Gupta G.	2014
5	Bilateral ovarian cystadenoma in a geriatric African elephant (Loxodonta africana). ( 25000708 )	Hoby S....Schumacher V.L.	2014
6	Perioperative management for the removal of a massive ovarian cystadenoma. ( 25612086 )	Pai S.L....Bailey J.C.	2013
7	Role of BRCA1 in controlling mitotic arrest in ovarian cystadenoma cells. ( 21792894 )	Yu V.M....Dubeau L.	2012
8	Abnormal A^A^A^I uptake in a benign serous ovarian cystadenoma mimicking bladder physiological uptake. ( 22310273 )	Song H.J....Luo Q.Y.	2012
9	A woman with salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia presenting with a mucinous ovarian cystadenoma during pregnancy. ( 21921381 )	Kamata Y....Shichiri M.	2011
10	Cutaneous and uterine leiomyomatosis and ovarian cystadenoma associated with deficiency of fumarate hydratase. ( 24396716 )	HA1ller C....BAor M.	2011
11	Lamin C protein deficiency in the primary fibroblasts from a new laminopathy case with ovarian cystadenoma. ( 20819672 )	Cai M.Y....Weng J.P.	2010
12	Abnormal iodine-131 uptake in a benign mucinous ovarian cystadenoma mimicking struma ovarii. ( 17179812 )	Morel O....Jallet P.	2007
13	Rapidly growing bilateral ovarian cystadenoma in a 6-year-old girl: case report and literature review. ( 16472727 )	StankoviA8 Z.B....Mazibrada I.	2006
14	Ovarian cystadenoma as a characteristic feature of families with hereditary ovarian cancers unassociated with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations. ( 15131356 )	Menkiszak J....LubiA8ski J.	2004
15	Tight junction proteins claudin-3 and claudin-4 are frequently overexpressed in ovarian cancer but not in ovarian cystadenomas. ( 12855632 )	Rangel L.B....Morin P.J.	2003
16	Tuberculous peritonitis with sonographic features of an ovarian cystadenoma. ( 14510274 )	Garefalakis M....Dickinson J.E.	2003
17	Massive ovarian cystadenoma detected solely on the blood-pool phase of a bone scan. ( 12045453 )	L Choong K.K.	2002
18	Periampullary carcinoma with bilateral ovarian cystadenoma in pregnancy. ( 9563228 )	Choudhury T.K....Sen A.	1998
19	Establishment of long-term in vitro cultures of human ovarian cystadenomas and LMP tumors and examination of their spectrum of expression of matrix-degrading proteinases. ( 9441775 )	Luo M.P....Dubeau L.	1997
20	Extremely high levels of CA19-9 and CA125 antigen in benign mucinous ovarian cystadenoma. ( 7508878 )	Ye C....Takagi H.	1994
21	Novel sulfated ligands for the cell adhesion molecule E-selectin revealed by the neoglycolipid technology among O-linked oligosaccharides on an ovarian cystadenoma glycoprotein. ( 1382586 )	Yuen C.T....Feizi T.	1992
22	Clinicostatistical study of low potential malignancy ovarian cystadenoma (borderline cases). ( 1867577 )	Shiromizu K....Mizuno M.	1991
23	&quot;Pseudoascites&quot; secondary to an amylase-producing serous ovarian cystadenoma. A case study. ( 2479672 )	Brophy C.M....Modlin I.M.	1989
24	Borderline ovarian cystadenoma. Spontaneous rupture and reaccumulation documented by ultrasound. ( 3286886 )	Hamper U.M....Sanders R.C.	1988
25	Ovarian cystadenoma with stromal cell hyperplasia and postmenopausal virilization: a case report. ( 3169360 )	Caron P....Louvet J.P.	1988
26	A plasminogen activator from benign ovarian cystadenoma: partial purification and characterization. ( 3961743 )	Cheung A....Yuen P.	1986
27	Cystic parametrial fibroids mimicking ovarian cystadenoma. ( 6726872 )	Nocera R.M....Hernandez J.C.	1984
28	Conservative management of the Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Ectopic gastrin production by an ovarian cystadenoma. ( 7365959 )	Long T.T....McCarty K.S.	1980
29	A benign serous ovarian cystadenoma studied by chromosome and quantitative DNA analysis. ( 274883 )	Wager J....Auer G.	1977
30	Virilization in pregnancy associated with an ovarian cystadenoma. ( 4416869 )	Fayez J.A....Miller G.L.	1974
31	Acute abdominal symptoms due to torsion of an ovarian cystadenoma in a centenarian. ( 5053461 )	Balas P....Chrysospathis P.	1972
32	Chromosomal aberrations in an ovarian cystadenoma. ( 4185609 )	Benedict W.F....Porter I.H.	1969
33	Free and conjugated estrogens of an ovarian cystadenoma and granulosa cell tumor. ( 4284085 )	Flickinger G.L....Touchstone J.C.	1965
34	PSEUDOMYXOMA PERITONAEI SECONDARY TO OVARIAN CYSTADENOMA. ( 20317773 )	MASSON J.C....Hamrick R.A.	1930

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Genes for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Genes related to Ovarian Cystadenoma (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	BRCA1	BRCA1, DNA Repair Associated	Protein Coding	24.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15131356
2	LMNA	Lamin A/C	Protein Coding	20.25	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	SELE	Selectin E	Protein Coding	20.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)	1382586 11909595 7507478
4	CLU	Clusterin	Protein Coding	19.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)	15578711
5	MUC16	Mucin 16, Cell Surface Associated	Protein Coding	16.52	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Novoseek inferred (show sections)	16061277
6	FH	Fumarate Hydratase	Protein Coding	15.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)
7	ZNF217	Zinc Finger Protein 217	Protein Coding	14.87	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)

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Variations for Ovarian Cystadenoma

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Expression for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Ovarian Cystadenoma.

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Pathways for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Pathways related to Ovarian Cystadenoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Validated targets of C-MYC transcriptional repression ¹	10.74	BRCA1 CLU
2	ATF-2 transcription factor network ¹	10.36	BRCA1 SELE

Sources

GO Terms for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Biological processes related to Ovarian Cystadenoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of gene expression	GO:0010628	9.13	BRCA1 CLU LMNA
2	negative regulation of release of cytochrome c from mitochondria	GO:0090201	8.62	CLU LMNA

Sources

Sources for Ovarian Cystadenoma

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia