Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: OVR051 MIFTS: 41	Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor Categories: Cancer diseases, Endocrine diseases, Reproductive diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

MalaCards integrated aliases for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor:

Name: Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor ¹² ¹⁵

Endodermal Sinus Tumor of Ovary ¹² ⁷⁴

Ovarian Yolk Sac Tumor ¹² ¹⁷

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Endocrine diseases Reproductive diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:5350

NCIt ⁵¹ C8107

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1000437

UMLS ⁷⁴ C0346188

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Summaries for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Disease Ontology : ¹² An ovarian primitive germ cell tumor that has material basis in cells that line the yolk sac of the embryo.

MalaCards based summary : Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor, also known as endodermal sinus tumor of ovary, is related to endodermal sinus tumor and cystadenoma, and has symptoms including abdominal pain An important gene associated with Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor is AFP (Alpha Fetoprotein), and among its related pathways/superpathways is Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers. The drugs Bleomycin and Cisplatin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include ovary, bone and bone marrow, and related phenotypes are Decreased Aire reporter expression and cardiovascular system

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Related Diseases for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Diseases related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 58)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	endodermal sinus tumor	31.1	AFP GPC3 SALL4 SERPINA1
2	cystadenoma	30.3	INHA KRT7
3	sex cord-gonadal stromal tumor	30.2	AFP INHA KRT7
4	childhood ovarian endodermal sinus tumor	12.7
5	glandular pattern ovarian yolk sac tumor	11.4
6	hepatoid pattern ovarian yolk sac tumor	11.4
7	polyvesicular vitelline pattern ovarian yolk sac tumor	11.4
8	mucinous cystadenofibroma	10.3	AFP SERPINA1
9	malignant teratoma	10.3	AFP SALL4
10	polyembryoma	10.3	AFP SERPINA1
11	intrahepatic bile duct adenoma	10.3	AFP KRT7
12	renal pelvis adenocarcinoma	10.3	AFP KRT7
13	intratubular embryonal carcinoma	10.3	AFP KRT7
14	bile duct cystadenocarcinoma	10.3	AFP KRT7
15	extragonadal seminoma	10.3	AFP SALL4
16	testicular malignant germ cell cancer	10.3	AFP GPC3
17	pancreatoblastoma	10.3	AFP SERPINA1
18	ovarian embryonal carcinoma	10.3	AFP GPC3
19	choriocarcinoma of the testis	10.3	AFP KRT7
20	adenomatoid tumor	10.3	AFP KRT7
21	hepatic adenomas, familial	10.3	AFP GPC3
22	adenocarcinoma	10.3
23	sertoli-leydig cell tumor	10.3	AFP KRT7
24	mixed cell type cancer	10.2	AFP KRT7
25	bile duct adenoma	10.2	EZH2 KRT7
26	orofaciodigital syndrome viii	10.2	AFP INHA
27	polyposis, skin pigmentation, alopecia, and fingernail changes	10.2	GPC3 SERPINA1
28	germ cell and embryonal cancer	10.2	AFP KRT7
29	placental site trophoblastic tumor	10.2	INHA SALL4
30	embryoma	10.1	AFP GPC3 SALL4
31	acinar cell carcinoma	10.1	AFP KRT7 SERPINA1
32	inverted papilloma	10.1	KRT7 MSX2
33	pancreatic mucinous cystadenoma	10.1	EZH2 KRT7
34	ovarian cancer	10.1
35	cardiac tamponade	10.1
36	pericarditis	10.1
37	endometriosis	10.1
38	mixed germ cell-sex cord neoplasm	10.1
39	teratoma	10.1
40	fibrosarcoma	10.1
41	ovarian epithelial cancer	10.1
42	precocious puberty	10.1
43	seminal vesicle tumor	10.1	AFP GPC3 KRT7
44	bile duct adenocarcinoma	10.1	AFP GPC3 KRT7
45	hepatoblastoma	10.1	AFP GPC3 KRT7
46	carotid artery dissection	10.1	GPC3 SERPINA1
47	gastrointestinal system cancer	10.1	AFP GPC3 KRT7
48	epithelioid sarcoma	10.1	KRT7 SALL4
49	ovarian germ cell cancer	10.0	AFP HLX KRT7 SALL4
50	epithelioid trophoblastic tumor	10.0	INHA KRT7 SALL4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

UMLS symptoms related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor:

abdominal pain

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁷

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased Aire reporter expression	GR00304-A	8.8	MSX2 NKX2-5 SALL4

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor:

⁴⁷

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	9.95	EZH2 GPC3 INHA MSX2 NKX2-5 SALL4
2	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	9.92	AFP EZH2 HLX HOXB7 INHA MSX2
3	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	9.91	GPC3 HLX INHA MSX2 NKX2-5 SALL4
4	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	9.86	EZH2 GPC3 HLX HOXB7 INHA MSX2
5	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	9.81	AFP EZH2 GPC3 HLX INHA KRT7
6	immune system	MP:0005387	9.56	EZH2 GPC3 HOXB7 INHA MSX2 NKX2-5
7	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.1	EZH2 GPC3 HOXB7 INHA MSX2 SALL4

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Drugs for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 78)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Bleomycin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

11056-06-7

5360373

Cisplatin

Approved

Phase 3,Phase 2

15663-27-1

441203 84093 2767

Etoposide

Approved

Phase 3

33419-42-0

36462

Captopril

Approved

Phase 3

62571-86-2

44093

Cyclophosphamide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 2

6055-19-2, 50-18-0

2907

Palivizumab

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

188039-54-5

Ribavirin

Approved

Phase 3

36791-04-5

37542

Itraconazole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

84625-61-6

55283

Miconazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3

22916-47-8

4189

Fluconazole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

86386-73-4

3365

Amphotericin B

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

1397-89-3

14956 5280965

Caspofungin

Approved

Phase 3

179463-17-3, 162808-62-0

2826718 468682

Carboplatin

Approved

Phase 3,Phase 2

41575-94-4

38904 10339178 498142

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 3

Etoposide phosphate

Phase 3

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Phase 3

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 3

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Antihypertensive Agents

Phase 3

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 3

Alkylating Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2

Immunologic Factors

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Immunosuppressive Agents

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 3

protease inhibitors

Phase 3

Antineoplastic Agents, Alkylating

Phase 3,Phase 2

HIV Protease Inhibitors

Phase 3

Antiviral Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2

Immunoglobulins

Phase 3,Phase 1

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Phase 3,Phase 1

Antimetabolites

Phase 3

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2

Antibodies

Phase 3,Phase 1

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Antifungal Agents

Phase 3

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 Inhibitors

Phase 3

Hormones

Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

Steroid Synthesis Inhibitors

Phase 3

Hydroxyitraconazole

Phase 3

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors

Phase 3

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 3

Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors

Phase 3

Liposomal amphotericin B

Phase 3

Antiprotozoal Agents

Phase 3

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 3

Antimitotic Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 3

Podophyllotoxin

Phase 3

518-28-5

Keratolytic Agents

Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 22)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Surgery and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children With Extracranial Germ Cell Tumors	Completed	NCT00053352	Phase 3	cisplatin;etoposide
2	Captopril in Treating Patients Undergoing Bone Marrow or Stem Cell Transplantation	Completed	NCT00004230	Phase 3	captopril;cyclophosphamide
3	Ribavirin With or Without Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in Treating Patients Who Develop RSV Pneumonia Following Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation	Completed	NCT00014391	Phase 3	ribavirin
4	Itraconazole Compared With Fluconazole to Prevent Infections in Patients Undergoing Peripheral Stem Cell or Bone Marrow Transplantation	Completed	NCT00003883	Phase 3	fluconazole;itraconazole
5	Caspofungin Acetate Compared With Amphotericin B Liposomal in Treating Patients With Persistent Fever and Neutropenia Following Cancer Treatment	Completed	NCT00008359	Phase 3	caspofungin acetate;liposomal amphotericin B
6	Liposomal Amphotericin B in Treating Granulocytopenia and Persistent Unexplained Fever in Cancer Patients	Completed	NCT00003938	Phase 3	liposomal amphotericin B
7	Active Surveillance, Bleomycin, Carboplatin, Etoposide, or Cisplatin in Treating Pediatric and Adult Patients With Germ Cell Tumors	Recruiting	NCT03067181	Phase 3	Bleomycin;Carboplatin;Cisplatin;Etoposide;Etoposide Phosphate
8	Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Young Patients With Recurrent or Resistant Malignant Germ Cell Tumors	Completed	NCT00467051	Phase 2	Carboplatin;Ifosfamide;Paclitaxel
9	Combination Chemotherapy and Pegfilgrastim in Treating Patients With Previously Untreated Germ Cell Tumors	Completed	NCT00470366	Phase 2	cisplatin;ifosfamide;paclitaxel
10	Sunitinib in Treating Patients With Metastatic Germ Cell Tumors That Have Relapsed or Not Responded to Treatment	Completed	NCT00453310	Phase 2	sunitinib malate
11	Immunotherapy in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing Bone Marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation	Completed	NCT00002673	Phase 2
12	Lymphocyte Infusion in Treating Patients With Relapsed Cancer After Bone Marrow or Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation	Completed	NCT00003887	Phase 2
13	Beclomethasone in Treating Patients With Graft-Versus-Host Disease of the Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, or Colon	Completed	NCT00010283	Phase 1, Phase 2	beclomethasone dipropionate
14	Interleukin-11 Plus Filgrastim Prior to Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Hodgkin's Disease, Breast Cancer, or Other Solid Tumors	Completed	NCT00004157	Phase 2
15	Biological Therapy Following Chemotherapy and Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Treating Patients With Cancer	Completed	NCT00003408	Phase 2
16	Ipilimumab After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Persistent or Progressive Cancer	Completed	NCT00060372	Phase 1	ipilimumab;therapeutic allogeneic lymphocytes
17	Lapatinib and Paclitaxel in Treating Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors	Completed	NCT00313599	Phase 1	lapatinib;paclitaxel
18	Interleukin-12 in Treating Patients With Hematologic Cancers or Solid Tumors	Completed	NCT00003107	Phase 1
19	DNA Analysis in Samples From Younger Patients With Germ Cell Tumors and Their Parents or Siblings	Completed	NCT01434355
20	Changes in Brain Function in Patients With Stage I, Stage II, Stage III, or Stage IV Ovarian, Primary Peritoneal, or Fallopian Tube Cancer Who Are Receiving Chemotherapy	Completed	NCT01080521
21	Acupuncture in Treating Mucositis-Related Pain Caused by Chemotherapy in Patients Undergoing Stem Cell Transplantation	Completed	NCT00060021	Not Applicable
22	Standard Follow-up Compared With Extended Follow-up in Treating Patients Who Have Undergone Stem Cell Transplantation for Cancer	Completed	NCT00049465	Not Applicable

Search NIH Clinical Center for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

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Genetic Tests for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

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Anatomical Context for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor:

⁴²

Ovary, Bone, Bone Marrow, Brain, Colon, Breast, Small Intestine

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Publications for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Articles related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor:

(show all 21)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Treatment of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor to preserve fertility. ( 23351423 )	Chang Y.W....Wang P.H.	2013
2	Ruptured ovarian endodermal sinus tumor diagnosed during pregnancy: case report and review of the literature. ( 21058449 )	Benjapibal M....Jaishuen A.	2010
3	A case of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor diagnosed during pregnancy. ( 18672645 )	Thanaboonyawat I....Benjapibal M.	2008
4	Outcome and reproductive function after cumulative high-dose combination chemotherapy with bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) for patients with ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. ( 18656249 )	Kang H....Bae D.S.	2008
5	Ovarian endodermal sinus tumor in a 76-year-old woman. ( 14641700 )	Filiz G....Bilgin T.	2003
6	Ovarian endodermal sinus tumor in a postmenopausal woman. ( 11531302 )	Oh C....Hernandez E.	2001
7	Management of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. ( 9208488 )	Lian L....Lang J.	1996
8	Recurrent ovarian endodermal sinus tumor: demonstration by computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. ( 8542908 )	Romero J.A....Kavanagh J.J.	1995
9	Ovarian endodermal sinus tumor associated with pregnancy: review of the literature. ( 1541445 )	Talerman A.	1992
10	Ovarian endodermal sinus tumor associated with pregnancy: review of the literature. ( 2050306 )	Farahmand S.M....Dewey M.R.	1991
11	Intestinal variant of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. ( 2470657 )	Kim C.R....Given F.T.	1989
12	Establishment and characterization of a human ovarian endodermal sinus tumor cell line--producing specific type of alpha-fetoprotein subfraction. ( 3169625 )	Talerman A.	1988
13	Delivery following removal and chemotherapy of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. ( 3632459 )	Matsuoka R....Maruyama T.	1987
14	Ovarian endodermal sinus tumor with intestinal differentiation. ( 2418946 )	Cohen M.B....Molnar J.J.	1986
15	Establishment and characterization of a human ovarian endodermal sinus tumor cell line--producing specific type of alpha-fetoprotein subfraction. ( 2430863 )	Ishiwata I....Ishikawa H.	1986
16	A case of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor associated with pregnancy. ( 6719453 )	Ito K....Noda K.	1984
17	Normal pregnancy and delivery following conservative surgery and chemotherapy for ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. ( 6208090 )	Bakri Y.N....Given F.T.	1984
18	Serial serum determination on alpha-fetoprotein as a marker of the effect of postoperative chemotherapy in ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. ( 6198243 )	Maeyama M....Iwamasa T.	1984
19	[Clinical aspects of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor]. ( 6201575 )	Nishida T....Yakushiji M.	1984
20	Pregnancy following removal and chemotherapy of ovarian endodermal sinus tumor. ( 703993 )	Forney J.P.	1978
21	Endodermal sinus tumor of ovary--a case report. ( 4362180 )	Phatak A.M....Purandare S.M.	1973

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Genes for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Genes related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor (0 elite genes):

(show all 14)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	AFP	Alpha Fetoprotein	Protein Coding	16.62	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
2	HLX	H2.0 Like Homeobox	Protein Coding	15.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	MSX2	Msh Homeobox 2	Protein Coding	14.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	GSTA1	Glutathione S-Transferase Alpha 1	Protein Coding	14.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	SALL4	Spalt Like Transcription Factor 4	Protein Coding	14.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	NKX2-5	NK2 Homeobox 5	Protein Coding	14.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	SERPINA1	Serpin Family A Member 1	Protein Coding	14.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	KRT7	Keratin 7	Protein Coding	14.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	GPC3	Glypican 3	Protein Coding	13.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	EZH2	Enhancer Of Zeste 2 Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Subunit	Protein Coding	13.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	INHA	Inhibin Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	13.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	SIRT1	Sirtuin 1	Protein Coding	13.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	KPNA2	Karyopherin Subunit Alpha 2	Protein Coding	5.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	HOXB7	Homeobox B7	Protein Coding	4.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

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Expression for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor.

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Pathways for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Pathways related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁶	10.92	AFP NKX2-5 SERPINA1

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GO Terms for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

Cellular components related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ESC/E(Z) complex	GO:0035098	8.62	EZH2 SIRT1

Biological processes related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	multicellular organism development	GO:0007275	9.91	HLX HOXB7 MSX2 NKX2-5 SIRT1
2	negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	GO:0045892	9.78	EZH2 MSX2 NKX2-5 SIRT1
3	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	9.76	EZH2 HLX NKX2-5 SIRT1
4	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	GO:0006355	9.73	EZH2 HLX HOXB7 MSX2 NKX2-5 SALL4
5	cellular protein metabolic process	GO:0044267	9.67	AFP GPC3 SERPINA1
6	regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0042127	9.58	EZH2 INHA SIRT1
7	negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	GO:0000122	9.55	EZH2 MSX2 NKX2-5 SALL4 SIRT1
8	positive regulation of BMP signaling pathway	GO:0030513	9.43	GPC3 MSX2
9	embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis	GO:0035116	9.37	GPC3 MSX2
10	outflow tract septum morphogenesis	GO:0003148	9.32	MSX2 NKX2-5
11	negative regulation of phosphorylation	GO:0042326	8.96	INHA SIRT1
12	ovulation from ovarian follicle	GO:0001542	8.62	AFP SIRT1

Molecular functions related to Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protein binding	GO:0005515	9.77	AFP EZH2 GPC3 HLX HOXB7 INHA
2	DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	GO:0000981	9.73	EZH2 HLX HOXB7 MSX2 NKX2-5 SALL4
3	transcription factor binding	GO:0008134	9.46	MSX2 NKX2-5 SALL4 SIRT1
4	sequence-specific DNA binding	GO:0043565	9.02	EZH2 HLX HOXB7 MSX2 NKX2-5

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Sources for Ovarian Endodermal Sinus Tumor

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FDA Approved Drugs

²⁰ FMA

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ Genetics Home Reference

²⁷ GenomeRNAi

²⁸ GEO DataSets

²⁹ GO

³⁰ GTR

³¹ HGMD

³² HMDB

³³ HPO

³⁴ ICD10

³⁵ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁶ ICD9CM

³⁷ IUPHAR

³⁸ KEGG

³⁹ LifeMap

⁴⁰ LncRNADisease

⁴¹ LOVD

⁴² MalaCards

⁴³ MedGen

⁴⁴ MedlinePlus

⁴⁵ MeSH

⁴⁶ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁷ MGI

⁴⁸ miR2Disease

⁴⁹ NCBI Bookshelf

⁵⁰ NCI

⁵¹ NCIt

⁵² NDF-RT

⁵³ NIH Clinical Center

⁵⁴ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁵ NINDS

⁵⁶ Novoseek

⁵⁷ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁸ OMIM

⁵⁹ OMIM via Orphanet

⁶⁰ Orphanet

⁶¹ PathCards

⁶² PharmGKB

⁶³ PubMed

⁶⁴ PubMed Health

⁶⁵ QIAGEN

⁶⁶ R&D Systems

⁶⁷ Reactome

⁶⁸ Sino Biological

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

⁷³ Tocris

⁷⁴ UMLS

⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia