Pain Agnosia disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: PNG002 MIFTS: 51	Pain Agnosia Categories: Mental diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Pain Agnosia

MalaCards integrated aliases for Pain Agnosia:

Name: Pain Agnosia ¹² ¹⁵ ¹⁷

Analgesia ¹² ¹⁵

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:0060145

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001484

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Summaries for Pain Agnosia

Disease Ontology : ¹² An agnosia that is a loss of the ability to perceive and process pain.

MalaCards based summary : Pain Agnosia, also known as analgesia, is related to chronic pain and ileus. An important gene associated with Pain Agnosia is OPRM1 (Opioid Receptor Mu 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and Peptide ligand-binding receptors. The drugs Dezocine and Pentazocine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, breast and spinal cord, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and homeostasis/metabolism

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Related Diseases for Pain Agnosia

Diseases related to Pain Agnosia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 898)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chronic pain	31.9	PNOC OPRM1
2	ileus	31.5	POMC OPRM1 CCK CALCA
3	amnestic disorder	31.4	PDYN OXT OPRM1 FOS
4	headache	31.4	TAC1 CCK CALCA
5	postpartum depression	31.2	POMC PNOC OXT
6	constipation	31.0	TRPV1 TAC1 PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1 FAAH
7	complex regional pain syndrome	30.9	TAC1 SCN9A POMC CALCA
8	fibromyalgia	30.9	SCN9A POMC PNOC OPRM1 CALCA
9	opioid addiction	30.8	PNOC OPRM1 OPRK1 CCK
10	irritable bowel syndrome	30.7	TRPV1 TRPA1 TAC1 POMC CCK
11	paralytic ileus	30.7	TCF21 TAC1
12	diabetic neuropathy	30.7	TRPV1 SCN9A CALCA
13	opiate dependence	30.7	POMC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
14	reflex sympathetic dystrophy	30.7	TRPV1 TAC1 CALCA
15	withdrawal disorder	30.7	POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1
16	algoneurodystrophy	30.6	TAC1 CALCA
17	arachnoiditis	30.6	TAC1 POMC
18	motion sickness	30.6	TAC1 POMC OPRM1 FOS
19	bone cancer	30.6	TRPV1 PENK PDYN CALCA
20	substance abuse	30.5	POMC PDYN OPRM1
21	anxiety	30.5	TAC1 POMC PNOC PDYN OXT OPRM1
22	trigeminal neuralgia	30.5	TRPV1 TRPA1 TAC1 SCN9A LIPN FOS
23	morphine dependence	30.4	PENK PDYN OXT OPRM1 OPRK1 FOS
24	peripheral nervous system disease	30.3	TRPV1 TRPA1 TAC1 SCN9A POMC FOS
25	diarrhea	30.3	TAC1 POMC CCK CALCA
26	retrograde amnesia	30.3	POMC PDYN FOS
27	drug dependence	30.3	POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
28	small cell cancer of the lung	30.3	POMC CCK CALCA
29	erythromelalgia	30.2	TRPV1 TRPA1 SCN9A
30	alcohol dependence	30.2	POMC PNOC PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
31	hypochondriasis	30.2	POMC OXT
32	opioid abuse	30.1	POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1
33	interstitial cystitis	30.0	TRPV1 TAC1 SCN9A
34	paroxysmal extreme pain disorder	30.0	TRPV1 TRPA1 SCN9A
35	migraine with or without aura 1	30.0	TRPV1 TRPA1 TAC1 SCN9A POMC PNOC
36	myofascial pain syndrome	30.0	TRPV1 TAC1 POMC CALCA
37	cluster headache	30.0	PNOC CALCA
38	sleep disorder	30.0	TAC1 POMC PDYN FOS
39	causalgia	30.0	TRPV1 TAC1 SCN9A CALCA
40	burning mouth syndrome	29.9	TRPV1 TAC1 SCN9A CALCA
41	neonatal abstinence syndrome	29.9	PNOC PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
42	obsessive-compulsive disorder	29.9	POMC PDYN OXT CCK
43	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	29.8	OXT OPRM1 FOS FAAH ARRB2
44	paine syndrome	29.6	TRPV1 TRPA1 TAC1 SCN9A PNOC OPRM1
45	agnosia	29.0	TRPV1 TRPA1 TCF21 TAC1 SCN9A POMC
46	increased analgesia from kappa-opioid receptor agonist, female-specific	11.3
47	marsili syndrome	11.2
48	neuropathy, hereditary sensory and autonomic, type v	11.2
49	indifference to pain, congenital, autosomal recessive	11.1
50	restrictive dermopathy, lethal	11.0

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Pain Agnosia:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Pain Agnosia

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Pain Agnosia:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.3	ARRB2 CCK FAAH FOS NPFF OPRK1
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.22	ARRB2 CCK FAAH FOS LIPN NPFF
3	integument	MP:0010771	10.16	ARRB2 FAAH FOS OPRK1 OPRL1 OPRM1
4	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	10.01	ARRB2 FOS OPRM1 OXT PDYN PENK
5	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.97	ARRB2 CCK FAAH FOS OPRK1 OPRL1
6	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	9.5	CCK OPRM1 PDYN PENK POMC TRPA1
7	normal	MP:0002873	9.28	FAAH FOS OPRL1 OPRM1 PENK SCN9A

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Pain Agnosia

Drugs for Pain Agnosia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 413)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Dezocine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

53648-55-8

40841 3033053

Pentazocine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

359-83-1

441278

Mannitol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

69-65-8

6251 453

Eprosartan

Approved

Phase 4

133040-01-4

5281037

Angiotensin II

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

68521-88-0, 11128-99-7, 4474-91-3

172198

Quinapril

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

85441-61-8

54892

Trandolapril

Approved

Phase 4

87679-37-6

5484727

Olmesartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

144689-24-7, 144689-63-4

130881 158781

Perindopril

Approved

Phase 4

107133-36-8, 82834-16-0

107807

Benazepril

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

86541-75-5

5362124

Lisinopril

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

83915-83-7, 76547-98-3

5362119

Valsartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

137862-53-4

60846

Ramipril

Approved

Phase 4

87333-19-5

5362129

Candesartan cilexetil

Approved

Phase 4

145040-37-5

2540

Zofenopril

Approved

Phase 4

81872-10-8

Enalaprilat

Approved

Phase 4

76420-72-9

6917719

Losartan

Approved

Phase 4

114798-26-4

3961

Telmisartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

144701-48-4

65999

Fosinopril

Approved

Phase 4

98048-97-6

55891

Enalapril

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

75847-73-3

5362032 40466924

Azilsartan medoxomil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

863031-21-4

Irbesartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

138402-11-6

3749

Ethyl chloride

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

75-00-3

Mineral oil

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

8042-47-5

Benzoic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

65-85-0

243

Meperidine

Approved

Phase 4

57-42-1

4058

Methadone

Approved

Phase 4

76-99-3

4095

Sevoflurane

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

28523-86-6

5206

Etomidate

Approved

Phase 4

33125-97-2

36339 667484

Buprenorphine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

52485-79-7

644073 40400

Procaine

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

59-46-1

4914

Naloxone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

465-65-6

5284596

Prilocaine

Approved

Phase 4

721-50-6

4906

Rocuronium

Approved

Phase 4

119302-91-9, 143558-00-3

441290

Orphenadrine

Approved

Phase 4

83-98-7

4601

Atropine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

5908-99-6, 51-55-8

174174

Butorphanol

Approved, Illicit, Vet_approved

Phase 4

58786-99-5, 42408-82-2

5361092

Palonosetron

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

119904-90-4, 135729-56-5

148211

Nicotine

Approved

Phase 4

54-11-5

942 89594

Ephedrine

Approved

Phase 4

299-42-3

9294

Pseudoephedrine

Approved

Phase 4

90-82-4

7028

Povidone-iodine

Approved

Phase 4

25655-41-8

Dolasetron

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

115956-12-2

60654

Promethazine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

60-87-7

4927

Diphenhydramine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

58-73-1, 147-24-0

3100

Omeprazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

73590-58-6

4594

Famotidine

Approved

Phase 4

76824-35-6

3325

Metoprolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

37350-58-6, 51384-51-1

4171

Dronabinol

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

1972-08-3

16078

Nitroglycerin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

55-63-0

4510

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 2523)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Effects of Calot's Triangle Block for Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind, Controlled, Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT02300480	Phase 4
2	Effect of Bispectral Index (BIS) Monitoring on Faster Recovery Time and Analgesic Consumption in Abdominal Surgery Patients	Unknown status	NCT01470898	Phase 4
3	MethOxyflUraNe at moderaTe High AltItudes for PAIN Management: A Randomised, Double-blind, Cross-over Study	Unknown status	NCT03849027	Phase 4	Methoxyflurane;Placebo
4	the Research of Analgesia and Sedation Effect of Remifentanil on ICU Short Operation	Unknown status	NCT02635802	Phase 4	Remifentanil;Lidocaine;Remifentanil+Lidocaine;Midazolam
5	Efficacy and Safety of Multimodal Analgesia Used in Patients With Microvascular Decompression	Unknown status	NCT03152955	Phase 4	Ketamine;ondansetron;Sufentanil
6	Effects of Transverse Abdominis Plane Block Guided by Ultrasound on the Postoperative Analgesia and Quality of Lives Among the Patients Undergo Inguinal Hernia Repair	Unknown status	NCT02292095	Phase 4
7	Oxycodone vs. Fentanyl in the Treatment of Early Postoperative Pain After Total Hip Replacement	Unknown status	NCT03019562	Phase 4	Oxycodone;Fentanyl
8	The Efficacy and the Safety of Dexmedetomidine Sedation on the PICU Patients-A Randomized, Controlled Study.	Unknown status	NCT02296073	Phase 4	Midazolam;Dexmedetomidine;Dexmedetomidine;Dexmedetomidine;Fentanyl
9	The Pharmacokinetics of Fentanyl in Intensive Care Patients	Unknown status	NCT02587273	Phase 4	Fentanyl
10	Levobupivacaine Prolonged Wound Infusion for Postoperative Pain Relief After Breast Surgery	Unknown status	NCT02035904	Phase 4	Levobupivacaine PCIA (Patient Controlled Intrawound Analgesia);saline;Levobupivacaine continuous infusion;morphine;Patrol
11	Analgesia Comparison of Nalbuphine and Morphine for Laparoscopic Myomectomy	Unknown status	NCT03288428	Phase 4	Nalbuphine;Morphine
12	Effect of Dexamethasone or Clonidine When Given as Adjuncts to Ropivacaine for Caudal Analgesia on Duration of Analgesia Compared to Placebo in Children	Unknown status	NCT02773602	Phase 4	Dexamethasone;Clonidine;Normal Saline
13	Comparing Effectiveness of Post-operative Analgesia Between Patient Re-education and the Additional of a Basal Morphine Infusion to IV-PCA Morphine in Patients With Unsatisfactory Analgesia After Laparotomy	Unknown status	NCT02523846	Phase 4	morphine
14	Effect of Dexmedetomidine Combined With Dezocine and Flubiprofen for Postoperative Intravenous Patient Controlled Analgesia After Colorectal Surgery	Unknown status	NCT03014713	Phase 4	Dezocine;Flubiprofen;Dexmedetomidine
15	Opioid-sparing Effect of Intravenous Ibuprofen	Unknown status	NCT03016650	Phase 4	Acetaminophen;Ibuprofen
16	Ketamine and Postoperative Analgesia in Children	Unknown status	NCT00200564	Phase 4	ketamine
17	The Efficacy and Optimal Dose of Sufentanil in Patient Controlled Analgesia After Moderate Surgery	Unknown status	NCT02503826	Phase 4	Sufentanil;Sufentanil;Sufentanil;Midazolam;propofol;cisatracurium
18	A Prospective, Randomized, Control Trial of Ketorolac Versus Placebo on Opioid Analgesic Use and Complications Following Cesarean Delivery With Intra-Epidural Morphine	Unknown status	NCT02509312	Phase 4	Ketorolac;Epidural Morphine;Hydromorphone
19	Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty: Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing (a) Periarticular Multimodal Technique With (B) Continuous Femoral Nerve Block + Posterior Capsular Injection	Unknown status	NCT00869037	Phase 4	Periarticular Injection;CFNB + Posterior Capsular Injection
20	Intravenous Versus Caudal Supplementation of Ketamine for Postoperative Pain Control in Children,A Double-blind Controlled Clinical Trial.	Unknown status	NCT00532662	Phase 4	S(+)-ketamine
21	Continuous Femoral Nerve Block Versus Local-wound Infiltration Analgesia For Patients Receiving Unilateral Total Knee Arthroplasty --- A Randomized Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT02284620	Phase 4
22	Postoperative Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty With 2ug/ml Fentanyl Combine With 0.2% Ropivacaine or 0.2% Levobupivcaine	Unknown status	NCT01158586	Phase 4	Levobupivacaine
23	A Placebo-controlled, Double-blinded, Randomized Pilot Study of Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension (EXPAREL) for Minimally Invasive Supracervical Hysterectomies Postsurgical Analgesia	Unknown status	NCT03769714	Phase 4	Saline Solution for Injection;Exparel
24	Assessment of Analgesic Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Hyoscine-N-Butylbromide in Patients With Abdominal Colic Associated With Acute Gastroenteritis; a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT02508142	Phase 4	Hyoscine-N-Butylbromide
25	Novel Vital-sign Patient-assisted Intravenous Analgesia With Remifentanil for Labour Pain to Reduce Maternal Desaturation and Improve Analgesic Titration: a Prospective Cohort Study	Unknown status	NCT02733835	Phase 4	Remifentanil
26	Determination of the Minimum Local Analgesic Dose of Spinal Chloroprocaine in Labour.	Unknown status	NCT01909089	Phase 4	Spinal administration of chloroprocaine.
27	Does the Preoperative Midazolam Dose Affect Postoperative Pain? - a Multicentric Randomized Controlled Trial in Ambulatory Surgery	Unknown status	NCT03534895	Phase 4	Midazolam Injectable Solution;Postoperative analgesia;Rescue analgesia;Wound infiltration;Analgesia at home
28	Effect of Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus Delivery Rate on the Quality of Labour Analgesia: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT03712735	Phase 4	Bupivacaine 0.08% - fentanyl 2mcg
29	Is There an Adverse Drug Reaction Between Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade and Inhaled Anesthetics? - A Pilot Study. Optional Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid Donation for the Study of Hypertension.	Unknown status	NCT01715584	Phase 4
30	Comparison of Three Kinds of Postoperative Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty :a Randomized Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT02094339	Phase 4	ropivacaine;ropivacaine;opioid
31	A Clinical Trial of the Effect of Midazolam on the Cerebral Metabolism and Inflammatory Response in Patients With Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury	Unknown status	NCT02071407	Phase 4	Midazolam;Placebo
32	The Effect of Early Goal Directed Sedation on Microcirculation in Septic Shock Patients With Mechanical Ventilation	Unknown status	NCT02612363	Phase 4	Dexmedetomidine for sedation
33	A Single Center, Prospective Randomized Double-blind Trial: Efficacy of Nefopam and Morphine in Balanced Analgesia for Acute Ureteric Colic	Unknown status	NCT01543165	Phase 4	Ketorolac and nefopam balanced analgesia;Balanced analgesia using ketorolac and morphine;Pain control with single analgesics (ketorolac)
34	Comparison of Two Kinds of Postoperative Analgesia After Amputation:a Randomized Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT02114463	Phase 4	ropivacaine;flurbiprofen
35	The Comparison of Efficacy and Safety of Target Controlled Infusion of Propofol or Etomidate at General Anesthesia in Geriatric Patients --A Randomized Controlled Trial.	Unknown status	NCT02111265	Phase 4	Remifentanil;Cisatracurium;Sufentanil
36	A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of NALDEBAIN With Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia With Fentanyl for the Treatment of Post-Laparotomy Surgery	Unknown status	NCT03296488	Phase 4	Nalbuphine Sebacate;Fentanyl Citrate
37	Addition of Magnesium Sulfate to Caudal for Prevention of Emergence Agitation in Children	Unknown status	NCT02164773	Phase 4	Magnesium Sulfate;0.9%normal saline
38	Adductor Canal Block Versus Femoral Nerve Block for Analgesia After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Arthroscopically	Unknown status	NCT02355093	Phase 4	ropivacaine
39	The Influence of Epigenetic Modification in OPRM1 on Postoperative Analgesia and Side Effect Induced by μ-opioid Receptor Agonists	Unknown status	NCT03135795	Phase 4	Sufentanil;dexmedetomidine;propofol;Rocuronium;sevoflurane;remifentanil;Parecoxib
40	Impact on Maternal and Fetal Wellbeing and on Labor Curve of Intrathecal Clonidine Addiction for Labor Analgesia. A Randomized Controlled Trial.	Unknown status	NCT03018171	Phase 4	Clonidine;Sufentanil
41	Post-operative Analgesia Efficacy Using Ultrasound-guided Transmuscular Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Type II Block.	Unknown status	NCT03100994	Phase 4	Bupivacaine
42	Prospective Evaluation of Topical Analgesia Using a Lidocaine/Prilocaine Cream for Laceration Repair in the Emergency Department	Unknown status	NCT03071601	Phase 4	Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream 2.5-2.5%;Lidocaine 1% Epinephrine 0.005mg/mL solution
43	Lidocaine Patch for Postoperative Analgesia After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy	Unknown status	NCT01485939	Phase 4
44	Prospective, Double-blinded, Randomised, Placebo Controlled Trial of Pre-emptive Analgesia to Prevent Pain Following Sternotomy for Cardiac Surgery.	Unknown status	NCT01480765	Phase 4	Pregabalin;Ketamine infusion;Placebo capsules;Placebo infusion
45	The Effect of Preemptive Analgesia On The Comfort Of Patient and Doctor, in Cystoscopy	Unknown status	NCT03831321	Phase 4	Diclofenac Sodium;Lubricant Gel
46	Optimal Multimodal Analgesia in Abdominal Hysterectomy	Unknown status	NCT00209872	Phase 4	Gabapentin;Lidocaine;S-ketamine
47	The Effect of Dexmedetomidine Subsidiary Analgesia and Sedation in Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery Under Local Anesthesia：A Randomized, Double Blind Controlled Trial	Unknown status	NCT02535273	Phase 4	Dexmedetomidine;Lidocaine;Low-dose Dexmedetomidine;Moderate-dose Dexmedetomidine;High-dose Dexmedetomidine;normal saline
48	Controlled Release of Oxycodone 10 mg In Pre-Medication For The Post Operative Analgesia In Elective Laparoscopic Bilateral Inguinal Hernia And Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy : Prospective Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT00480142	Phase 4	Oxycodone 10 mg
49	Effect of Preoperative Administration of Oral Pregabalin on the Postoperative Analgesia in Patients Scheduled for Radiofrequency Ablationof Focal Lesions in the Liver	Unknown status	NCT03151213	Phase 4	Pregabalin 150mg
50	Impact of Nociceptive-Level (NOL) Intraoperative Guided Analgesia on Pain Scores, Opioid Consumption and Recovery in Postoperative Care Unit in Patients Undergoing Gynecological Laparoscopic Surgery Under General Anesthesia. The NOLGYN Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT03776838	Phase 4	Intravenous Fentanyl guided by SoC+NOL;Intravenous Fentanyl guided by SoC

Search NIH Clinical Center for Pain Agnosia

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Genetic Tests for Pain Agnosia

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Anatomical Context for Pain Agnosia

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Pain Agnosia:

⁴⁰

Brain, Breast, Spinal Cord, Skin, Liver, Colon, Prostate

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Publications for Pain Agnosia

Articles related to Pain Agnosia:

(show top 50) (show all 30003)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Erector spinae plane block combined with local infiltration analgesia for total hip arthroplasty: A randomized, placebo controlled, clinical trial. ⁶¹	Lennon MJ...Fick DP	33296786	2021
2	Minimizing the need for high dependency unit support in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgery. Is enhanced recovery and the multidisciplinary team key? ⁶¹	Dass D...Trivedi JM	32694433	2021
3	Epidural analgesia for postoperative pain: Improving outcomes or adding risks? ⁶¹	Rawal N	33742578	2021
4	Metabolically stable neurotensin analogs exert potent and long-acting analgesia without hypothermia. ⁶¹	Vivancos M...Sarret P	33607165	2021
5	"Dual Subsartorial Block (DSB)": An innovative procedure-specific, motor-sparing and opioid-sparing regional analgesia technique for Total knee replacement surgery - A pilot study. ⁶¹	Sonawane K...Goel VK	33310374	2021
6	A measure of expectancies for alcohol analgesia: Preliminary factor analysis, reliability, and validity. ⁶¹	LaRowe LR...Ditre JW	33460990	2021
7	A Survey of the Practice of Thoracic Anesthesia in India. ⁶¹	Parab SY...Shetmahajan M	32919834	2021
8	Race and Insurance Status are Associated With Different Management Strategies After Thoracic Trauma. ⁶¹	Rebollo Salazar D...Bukur M	33401122	2021
9	Intercostal Blocks with Liposomal Bupivacaine in Thoracic Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study. ⁶¹	Marciniak DA...Raymond DP	33067088	2021
10	Liposomal Bupivacaine Versus Bupivacaine Hydrochloride for Intercostal Nerve Blockade in Minimally Invasive Thoracic Surgery. ⁶¹	Pedoto A...Amar D	33376072	2021
11	Dermatomal coverage of single-injection ultrasound-guided parasagittal approach to anterior quadratus lumborum block at the lateral supra-arcuate ligament. ⁶¹	Shi R...Wang Y	33550463	2021
12	Sublingual Sufentanil Tablet System Versus Continuous Morphine Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia in Cardiac Surgery Patients. ⁶¹	Van Tittelboom V...Poelaert J	32951999	2021
13	Bilateral mandibular block improves pain relief and morphine consumption in mandibular osteotomies: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. ⁶¹	Bertuit M...Chanques G	33563767	2021
14	Surgeon-Placed Continuous Wound Infusion Pain Catheters Markedly Decrease Narcotic Use and Improve Outcomes After Pancreatic Tumor Resection. ⁶¹	Kone LB...Maker AV	32880771	2021
15	Label-free cell phenotypic study of opioid receptors and discovery of novel mu opioid ligands from natural products. ⁶¹	Hou T...Liang X	33485984	2021
16	Update on medical management of acute hip fracture. ⁶¹	Ackermann L...Weitz H	33795248	2021
17	Concerns for labor analgesia and autism spectrum disorders. ⁶¹	Saito M...Hirota K	33236241	2021
18	The music video therapy in postoperative analgesia in preschool children after cardiothoracic surgery. ⁶¹	Huang YL...Chen Q	33811684	2021
19	Impact of anxiety levels on the perception of pain in patients undergoing office hysteroscopy. ⁶¹	Sorrentino F...Nappi L	33211175	2021
20	Hypnotic Enhancement of Virtual Reality Distraction Analgesia during Thermal Pain: A Randomized Trial. ⁶¹	Patterson DR...Jensen MP	33724890	2021
21	Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block versus transmuscular quadratus lumborum block for post-operative analgesia in inguinal hernia repair. ⁶¹	Fouad AZ...Mohammed HMES	33785672	2021
22	Effect of Dural Puncture Epidural Technique Combined With Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus on Labor Analgesia Onset and Maintenance: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ⁶¹	Song Y...Liu Z	32282386	2021
23	Fight fire with fire: Neurobiology of capsaicin-induced analgesia for chronic pain. ⁶¹	Arora V...Chung MK	33181192	2021
24	Subcostal Anterior Quadratus Lumborum Block Versus Epidural Block for Analgesia in Open Nephrectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ⁶¹	Elsharkawy H...Turan A	33617181	2021
25	Uncovering the use and misuse of opioid analgesia in a pregnant and non-pregnant female population. ⁶¹	Galligan M	31959725	2021
26	Perioperative Analgesia in Neurosurgery (PAIN): A national survey of pain assessment and management among neuroanesthesiologists of India. ⁶¹	Sriganesh K...Jangra K	32966673	2021
27	Ketamine-polymer based drug delivery system for prolonged analgesia: recent advances, challenges and future prospects. ⁶¹	Singh S...Mittal G	33599572	2021
28	Perioperative pediatric tonsillectomy analgesia: A single-center review of practice and cost-effectiveness analysis. ⁶¹	Hii J...Sommerfield D	33484060	2021
29	Combination of etodolac and dexamethasone improves preemptive analgesia in third molar surgery: a randomized study. ⁶¹	Ramires GAD...Faverani LP	32875383	2021
30	Intravenous patient-controlled analgesia hydromorphone combined with pregabalin for the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: a multicenter, randomized controlled study. ⁶¹	Huang Y...Lin J	33785673	2021
31	Intra-articular infiltration analgesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ⁶¹	Yung EM...Abdallah FW	32596840	2021
32	The association between labour epidural analgesia and postpartum depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study. ⁶¹	Munro A...Rosen NO	33403538	2021
33	Is preemptive analgesia a good choice for postoperative pain relief in lumbar spine surgeries?: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ⁶¹	Zhang LK...Liu JS	33787624	2021
34	Comment on the editorial relating to: Transversus abdominis plane block compared with wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia following Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ⁶¹	Sultan P...Halpern S	33403553	2021
35	Intracranial hematoma and abscess after neuraxial analgesia and anesthesia: a review of the literature describing 297 cases. ⁶¹	Bos EM...Lirk P	33441431	2021
36	In reply: Comment on the editorial relating to: Transversus abdominis plane block compared with wound infiltration for postoperative analgesia following Cesarean delivery: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. ⁶¹	Uppal V...Barry G	33403542	2021
37	Continuous erector spinae plane blocks with automated boluses for analgesia following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. ⁶¹	Finneran Iv JJ...Ilfeld BM	32773726	2021
38	Offset analgesia is reduced on the palm and increases with stimulus duration. ⁶¹	Asplund CL...Derbyshire SWG	33290593	2021
39	Intrauterine contraction parameters at baseline and following epidural and combined spinal-epidural analgesia: A repeated measures comparison. ⁶¹	Benfield R...Newton ER	33596500	2021
40	Photoplethysmography-derived approximate entropy and sample entropy as measures of analgesia depth during propofol-remifentanil anesthesia. ⁶¹	Chen W...Chen H	32026257	2021
41	Efficiency and safety: comparison between preoperative analgesia and postoperative analgesia using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients receiving arthroscopic knee surgery in a multicenter, randomized, controlled study. ⁶¹	Ma L...Jiang C	33797658	2021
42	Characterizing Pain in Children with Acute Gastroenteritis Who Present for Emergency Care. ⁶¹	Ali S...Alberta Provincial Pediatric EnTeric Infection TEam (APPETITE Team) and Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC)	33333114	2021
43	Combining high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in the treatment of benign thyroid nodules. ⁶¹	Lang BHH...Chiu KW	32974689	2021
44	The Implementation of an Acute Pain Service for Patients Undergoing Open Ventral Hernia Repair with Mesh and Abdominal Wall Reconstruction. ⁶¹	Said ET...Gabriel RA	33454790	2021
45	Birth plan presentation to hospitals and its relation to obstetric outcomes and selected pain relief methods during childbirth. ⁶¹	Lopez-Gimeno E...Seguranyes G	33794803	2021
46	Postpartum urinary retention: Absolute risk prediction model. ⁶¹	Barba M...Vergani P	33118328	2021
47	Patterns of dispensed opioids after tonsillectomy in children and adolescents in South Carolina, United States, 2010-2017. ⁶¹	Basco WT...Ball SJ	33548590	2021
48	Translational value of non-human primates in opioid research. ⁶¹	Ding H...Ko MC	33453211	2021
49	Ubiquitin-mediated receptor degradation contributes to development of tolerance to MrgC agonist-induced pain inhibition in neuropathic rats. ⁶¹	Huang Q...He S	33110031	2021
50	Can Acetaminophen Pretreatment Decrease the Pain Associated With Closed Nasal Bone Reduction? A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. ⁶¹	Sohrabpour S...Mousavi-Asl B	33359106	2021

Sources

Genes for Pain Agnosia

Genes related to Pain Agnosia (0 elite genes):

(show all 45)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	OPRM1	Opioid Receptor Mu 1	Protein Coding	9.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
2	OXT	Oxytocin/Neurophysin I Prepropeptide	Protein Coding	9.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	TRPV1	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 1	Protein Coding	8.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	TAC1	Tachykinin Precursor 1	Protein Coding	8.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	PDYN	Prodynorphin	Protein Coding	8.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	POMC	Proopiomelanocortin	Protein Coding	8.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	PNOC	Prepronociceptin	Protein Coding	8.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	TCF21	Transcription Factor 21	Protein Coding	8.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	OPRL1	Opioid Related Nociceptin Receptor 1	Protein Coding	8.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	OPRK1	Opioid Receptor Kappa 1	Protein Coding	8.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	NPFF	Neuropeptide FF-Amide Peptide Precursor	Protein Coding	7.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	FAAH	Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase	Protein Coding	7.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	TRPA1	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily A Member 1	Protein Coding	7.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	FOS	Fos Proto-Oncogene, AP-1 Transcription Factor Subunit	Protein Coding	7.89	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	CCK	Cholecystokinin	Protein Coding	7.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	LIPN	Lipase Family Member N	Protein Coding	7.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	SCN9A	Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 9	Protein Coding	7.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
18	PENK	Proenkephalin	Protein Coding	7.74	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
19	CALCA	Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha	Protein Coding	7.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
20	ARRB2	Arrestin Beta 2	Protein Coding	7.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
21	TRPM8	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 8	Protein Coding	7.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
22	PTGS2	Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthase 2	Protein Coding	7.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
23	TRIM13	Tripartite Motif Containing 13	Protein Coding	7.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
24	KNG1	Kininogen 1	Protein Coding	7.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
25	SCN10A	Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 10	Protein Coding	7.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
26	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	7.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
27	SAG	S-Antigen Visual Arrestin	Protein Coding	7.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
28	PSENEN	Presenilin Enhancer, Gamma-Secretase Subunit	Protein Coding	7.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
29	CYP2D6	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily D Member 6	Protein Coding	7.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
30	NGF	Nerve Growth Factor	Protein Coding	7.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
31	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	7.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
32	CNR1	Cannabinoid Receptor 1	Protein Coding	7.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
33	TACR1	Tachykinin Receptor 1	Protein Coding	7.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
34	NTS	Neurotensin	Protein Coding	7.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
35	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	7.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
36	HTR1A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 1A	Protein Coding	7.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
37	CRH	Corticotropin Releasing Hormone	Protein Coding	7.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
38	MGLL	Monoglyceride Lipase	Protein Coding	7.26	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
39	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	7.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
40	OPRD1	Opioid Receptor Delta 1	Protein Coding	7.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
41	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	7.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
42	P2RX3	Purinergic Receptor P2X 3	Protein Coding	7.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
43	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	7.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
44	CACNA1B	Calcium Voltage-Gated Channel Subunit Alpha1 B	Protein Coding	7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
45	KCNJ6	Potassium Inwardly Rectifying Channel Subfamily J Member 6	Protein Coding	6.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

Sources

Variations for Pain Agnosia

Sources

Expression for Pain Agnosia

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Pain Agnosia.

Sources

Pathways for Pain Agnosia

Pathways related to Pain Agnosia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Signaling by GPCR ⁶⁵ Show member pathways GPCR downstream signaling ⁶⁵ Signal Transduction ⁶⁵	13.46	TAC1 POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OXT
2	Peptide ligand-binding receptors ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) ⁶⁵ Defective AVP causes neurohypophyseal diabetes insipidus (NDI) ⁶⁵ Formyl peptide receptors bind formyl peptides and many other ligands ⁶⁵ G alpha (i) signalling events ⁶⁵ GPCR ligand binding ⁶⁵ GPCRs, Class A Rhodopsin-like ¹ Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction ³⁶ Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors ⁶⁵ Peptide GPCRs ¹ Tachykinin receptors bind tachykinins ⁶⁵ Vasopressin-like receptors ⁶⁵	12.72	TRPV1 TAC1 POMC PNOC PENK PDYN
3	Neuroscience ⁴	12.27	SCN9A POMC OPRM1 CALCA
4	ADP signalling through P2Y purinoceptor 12 ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Adrenaline,noradrenaline inhibits insulin secretion ⁶⁵ Beta-agonist/Beta-blocker Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Cooperation of PDCL (PhLP1) and TRiC/CCT in G-protein beta folding ⁶⁵ G alpha (z) signalling events ⁶⁵ G-protein activation ⁶⁵ Signal transduction cAMP signaling ²³	12.17	POMC PDYN OPRM1 ARRB2
5	Myometrial Relaxation and Contraction Pathways ¹ Show member pathways Calcium Regulation in the Cardiac Cell ¹	12.11	OXT FOS CALCA ARRB2
6	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁵	11.64	POMC OPRM1 FOS
7	Corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling pathway ¹	11.4	POMC FOS ARRB2
8	NK1R-mediated Non-Apoptotic PCD ⁶³	10	TAC1 ARRB2

Sources

GO Terms for Pain Agnosia

Cellular components related to Pain Agnosia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	10.1	TAC1 POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OXT
2	axon	GO:0030424	9.85	TAC1 SCN9A PENK OPRM1 CCK CALCA
3	neuron projection	GO:0043005	9.8	TRPV1 SCN9A OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 FOS
4	dendrite	GO:0030425	9.76	TRPV1 PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRK1
5	perikaryon	GO:0043204	9.72	PENK OPRM1 OPRK1 NPFF CCK
6	terminal bouton	GO:0043195	9.61	OXT CCK CALCA
7	axon terminus	GO:0043679	9.35	PNOC PENK PDYN OPRK1 NPFF
8	neuronal cell body	GO:0043025	9.23	TRPV1 TAC1 PNOC PENK PDYN OPRK1

Biological processes related to Pain Agnosia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 46)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.28	POMC PNOC PENK OXT OPRM1 OPRL1
2	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.13	TAC1 POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OXT
3	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	10.04	TRPV1 TAC1 SCN9A FOS CALCA
4	chemical synaptic transmission	GO:0007268	9.95	TAC1 PNOC PENK PDYN OPRK1 NPFF
5	positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	GO:0007204	9.93	TRPV1 TAC1 OXT OPRM1 NPFF CALCA
6	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	9.92	TAC1 PENK OPRM1 FOS
7	response to ethanol	GO:0045471	9.87	PENK OPRM1 OPRK1
8	response to estradiol	GO:0032355	9.87	PENK OXT OPRL1
9	female pregnancy	GO:0007565	9.85	PNOC OXT FOS
10	response to toxic substance	GO:0009636	9.85	SCN9A PENK FOS
11	regulation of blood pressure	GO:0008217	9.83	TAC1 POMC CALCA
12	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007193	9.83	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
13	excitatory postsynaptic potential	GO:0060079	9.83	TRPV1 OPRM1 NPFF ARRB2
14	response to morphine	GO:0043278	9.8	TAC1 PENK OPRM1 OPRK1 NPFF
15	response to cocaine	GO:0042220	9.79	OXT OPRM1 OPRK1
16	cellular response to nerve growth factor stimulus	GO:1990090	9.79	TRPV1 TAC1 CALCA
17	eating behavior	GO:0042755	9.77	OXT OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 CCK
18	response to radiation	GO:0009314	9.76	PENK OPRM1 OPRK1
19	negative regulation of blood pressure	GO:0045776	9.75	OXT OPRL1 CALCA
20	response to pain	GO:0048265	9.73	TRPV1 TRPA1 TAC1 CALCA
21	regulation of sensory perception of pain	GO:0051930	9.73	OXT OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1 NPFF CCK
22	estrous cycle	GO:0044849	9.72	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
23	detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	GO:0050965	9.71	TRPV1 CALCA ARRB2
24	negative regulation of cAMP-mediated signaling	GO:0043951	9.7	OPRM1 OPRL1
25	positive regulation of ossification	GO:0045778	9.69	TAC1 OXT
26	behavior	GO:0007610	9.69	OPRL1 OPRK1
27	negative regulation of heart rate	GO:0010459	9.69	TRPV1 TAC1 NPFF
28	positive regulation of renal sodium excretion	GO:0035815	9.68	TAC1 OXT
29	G protein-coupled receptor internalization	GO:0002031	9.68	CALCA ARRB2
30	behavioral response to pain	GO:0048266	9.67	TRPV1 SCN9A
31	maternal behavior	GO:0042711	9.67	OXT OPRK1
32	sleep	GO:0030431	9.67	OXT FOS
33	opioid receptor signaling pathway	GO:0038003	9.67	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
34	negative regulation of appetite	GO:0032099	9.66	NPFF CCK
35	positive regulation of behavioral fear response	GO:2000987	9.65	PENK CCK
36	positive regulation of sensory perception of pain	GO:1904058	9.65	OPRL1 CCK
37	acute inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	GO:0002438	9.64	OPRM1 NPFF
38	negative regulation of adenylate cyclase-activating G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0106072	9.63	OPRM1 OPRL1
39	sensory perception	GO:0007600	9.63	PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
40	conditioned place preference	GO:1990708	9.61	OPRL1 OPRK1
41	detection of chemical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	GO:0050968	9.6	TRPV1 TRPA1
42	thermoception	GO:0050955	9.59	TRPV1 TRPA1
43	positive regulation of gastric acid secretion	GO:0060454	9.57	TRPV1 OPRL1
44	adenylate cyclase-inhibiting opioid receptor signaling pathway	GO:0031635	9.56	OPRM1 OPRK1
45	sensory perception of pain	GO:0019233	9.56	TRPV1 TRPA1 TAC1 SCN9A PENK OPRM1
46	neuropeptide signaling pathway	GO:0007218	9.32	TAC1 POMC PNOC PENK PDYN OPRM1

Molecular functions related to Pain Agnosia according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hormone activity	GO:0005179	9.67	POMC OXT CCK CALCA
2	G protein-coupled receptor binding	GO:0001664	9.61	POMC NPFF ARRB2
3	peptide binding	GO:0042277	9.58	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
4	neuropeptide binding	GO:0042923	9.5	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
5	calcium-release channel activity	GO:0015278	9.46	TRPV1 TRPA1
6	opioid receptor activity	GO:0004985	9.43	OPRM1 OPRL1 OPRK1
7	opioid receptor binding	GO:0031628	9.33	PNOC PENK PDYN
8	opioid peptide activity	GO:0001515	9.13	PNOC PENK PDYN
9	neuropeptide hormone activity	GO:0005184	9.02	PNOC PENK OXT NPFF CCK

Sources

Sources for Pain Agnosia

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GARD

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ Tocris

⁷⁰ UMLS

⁷¹ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷² UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷³ Wikipedia