Parkinsonism disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: PRK039 MIFTS: 57	Parkinsonism Categories: Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Parkinsonism

MalaCards integrated aliases for Parkinsonism:

Name: Parkinsonism ¹¹ ⁷⁵ ⁵³ ⁵ ¹⁴ ³³

Paralysis Agitans Syndrome ³³

Idiopathic Parkinsonism ³³

Parkinsonian Syndrome ³³

Primary Parkinsonism ³³

Trembling Paralysis ³³

Paralysis Agitans ³³

Parkinsonism-Plus ⁵

Shaking Paralysis ³³

Shaking Palsy ³³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹

Diseases of the nervous system

Extrapyramidal and movement disorders

Parkinsonism in diseases classified elsewhere

ICD11: ³³

Diseases of the nervous system

Movement disorders

Parkinsonism

Other specified parkinsonism

Parkinsonism, unspecified

Secondary parkinsonism

Parkinsonism due to heredodegenerative disorders

Parkinsonism due to structural lesions

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:0080855

ICD10 ³¹ G22

ICD11 ³³ 147328446 1736055169 2024168133 more

Sources

Summaries for Parkinsonism

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A movement disorder that is characterized by disturbances of balance, gait and posture.

MalaCards based summary: Parkinsonism, also known as paralysis agitans syndrome, is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex 1 and dystonia 12. An important gene associated with Parkinsonism is GRN (Granulin Precursor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Neuroscience and Alpha-synuclein signaling. The drugs Varenicline and Dopamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, subthalamic nucleus and spinal cord, and related phenotypes are nervous system and homeostasis/metabolism

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity,... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Parkinsonism

Diseases in the Parkinsonism family:

Atp13a2-Related Parkinsonism

Diseases related to Parkinsonism via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1150)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism/dementia complex 1	33.3	TRPM7 SNCA PARK7 MAPT LRRK2
2	dystonia 12	33.2	TAF1 SLC39A14 SLC30A10 PRKN PINK1 PARK7
3	perry syndrome	33.0	SNCA MAPT GRN ATP13A2
4	frontotemporal dementia	33.0	SNCA PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT LRRK2
5	parkinson disease 2, autosomal recessive juvenile	32.8	SNCA PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2
6	vascular parkinsonism	32.8	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2
7	multiple system atrophy 1	32.7	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
8	postencephalitic parkinson disease	32.7	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
9	kufor-rakeb syndrome	32.7	SNCA PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2 GBA1
10	parkinson disease, late-onset	32.6	TAF1 SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN POLG PINK1
11	dementia, lewy body	32.5	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
12	hypermanganesemia with dystonia 1	32.4	SLC39A14 SLC30A10
13	supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1	32.4	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
14	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1	32.4	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
15	von economo's disease	32.3	SNCA SLC6A3 LRRK2
16	neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation	32.3	SNCA SLC6A3 SLC39A14 PRKN PINK1 PARK7
17	tremor	32.2	SNCA PRKN MAPT LRRK2 GBA1
18	spinocerebellar ataxia 17	32.2	SLC6A3 ATXN3 ATXN2
19	parkinson disease 1, autosomal dominant	32.2	SNCA LRRK2 GBA1 ATXN2
20	hypermanganesemia with dystonia	32.1	SLC39A14 SLC30A10
21	striatonigral degeneration	32.1	SNCA SLC6A3 LRRK2
22	parkinson disease 6, autosomal recessive early-onset	32.1	PINK1 PARK7 MT-ND6
23	dementia	31.7	TRPM7 SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7
24	toxic encephalopathy	31.5	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
25	movement disease	31.4	TBC1D24 TAF1 SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN POLG
26	essential tremor	31.4	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN MAPT LRRK2 GBA1
27	gaucher's disease	31.3	SNCA PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2 GBA1
28	dystonia	31.3	TBC1D24 TAF1 SNCA SLC6A3 SLC39A14 SLC30A10
29	normal pressure hydrocephalus	31.3	SNCA SLC6A3 MAPT
30	gaucher disease, type i	31.3	SNCA PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2 GBA1
31	motor neuron disease	31.3	SNCA PRKN MAPT GRN ATXN2
32	huntington disease	31.3	TAF1 SNCA SLC6A3 MAPT ATXN3
33	choreatic disease	31.3	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN POLG PINK1 PARK7
34	hereditary ataxia	31.2	SNCA PRKN POLG ATXN3 ATXN2 ATP1A3
35	rem sleep behavior disorder	31.2	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
36	alzheimer disease, familial, 1	31.2	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
37	aphasia	31.2	SNCA MAPT LRRK2 GRN
38	mutism	31.2	SLC6A3 MAPT GRN ATP1A3
39	autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia	31.2	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN POLG PINK1 PARK7
40	akinetic mutism	31.1	SNCA SLC6A3 MAPT
41	sleep disorder	31.1	SNCA SLC6A3 LRRK2 GBA1
42	mild cognitive impairment	31.0	SNCA SLC6A3 MAPT
43	pick disease of brain	31.0	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT
44	early-onset parkinson's disease	31.0	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2
45	focal dystonia	31.0	TAF1 SLC6A3 PRKN ATP1A3
46	machado-joseph disease	30.9	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN POLG LRRK2 ATXN3
47	cervical dystonia	30.9	TAF1 SLC6A3 ATP1A3
48	cerebellar disease	30.9	SNCA PRKN POLG PINK1 MAPT LRRK2
49	peripheral nervous system disease	30.9	SNCA PRKN POLG PINK1 PARK7 MT-ND6
50	polyneuropathy	30.9	SNCA PRKN POLG PARK7

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Parkinsonism:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Parkinsonism

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Parkinsonism:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.39	ATP13A2 ATP1A3 ATXN2 ATXN3 GBA1 GRN
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.36	ATP13A2 ATP1A3 ATXN2 ATXN3 GBA1 GRN
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.27	ATP1A3 ATXN2 GBA1 GRN MAPT MT-ND6
4	cellular	MP:0005384	10.2	ATP13A2 GBA1 GRN LRRK2 MAPT MT-ND6
5	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.16	ATP13A2 ATP1A3 ATXN2 ATXN3 GBA1 GRN
6	no phenotypic analysis	MP:0003012	10	GRN LRRK2 MAPT PINK1 POLG PRKN
7	pigmentation	MP:0001186	9.95	ATP13A2 GBA1 GRN LRRK2 POLG TRPM7
8	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.83	ATP1A3 ATXN2 GBA1 GRN LRRK2 MAPT
9	taste/olfaction	MP:0005394	9.46	MAPT PINK1 SLC6A3 SNCA
10	integument	MP:0010771	9.32	ATP1A3 GBA1 GRN LRRK2 MAPT POLG

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Parkinsonism

Drugs for Parkinsonism (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 95)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Varenicline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

249296-44-4

5310966

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

62-31-7, 51-61-6

681

Risperidone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

106266-06-2

5073

Olanzapine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

132539-06-1

135398745 4585

Amantadine

Approved

Phase 4

768-94-5

2130

Zoledronic acid

Approved

Phase 4

118072-93-8

68740

Iodine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

7553-56-2

807

Zonisamide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

68291-97-4

5734

Droxidopa

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

23651-95-8

443940 92974

Cadexomer iodine

Experimental

Phase 4

94820-09-4

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 4

Nicotinic Agonists

Phase 4

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4

Dopamine Agents

Phase 4

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Antipsychotic Agents

Phase 4

Quetiapine Fumarate

Phase 4

111974-72-2

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 4

Dopamine Antagonists

Phase 4

Antiemetics

Phase 4

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

Antiviral Agents

Phase 4

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 4

Analgesics

Phase 4

Radiopharmaceuticals

Phase 4

3-Iodobenzylguanidine

Phase 4

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 4

Hormones

Phase 4

Anticonvulsants

Phase 4

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 4

calcium channel blockers

Phase 4

Antiparkinson Agents

Phase 4

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

50-67-9

5202

Calcium

Nutraceutical

Phase 4

7440-70-2

271

Carbon monoxide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

630-08-0

281

Dopamine agonists

Phase 2, Phase 3

Levodopa

Approved

Phase 2

59-92-7, 63-84-3

6047

Clonazepam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 2

1622-61-3

2802

Pramipexole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

104632-26-0, 104632-25-9, 104632-28-2

4885 119570 59868

Licorice

Approved

Phase 1, Phase 2

Turmeric

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 1, Phase 2

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 2

64-17-5

702

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18

Phase 2

GABA Modulators

Phase 2

Fluorides

Phase 2

Antioxidants

Phase 2

Protective Agents

Phase 2

2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)tropane

Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 130)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Effect of Varenicline on Smoking Cessation in Patients With Schizophrenia: Evaluation of Antipsychotic Drug-Induced Neurological Symptoms as Correlates of Response	Unknown status	NCT03495024	Phase 4	Varenicline
2	A Multicentre, Randomised, Open Label, Comparative Phase 4 Trial to Assess Changes in Clinical Management After DaTSCAN Imaging of Subjects With Clinically Uncertain Parkinsonism in a General Neurologist Setting.	Completed	NCT00382967	Phase 4
3	Treatment of Agitation/Psychosis in Dementia/Parkinsonism (TAP/DAP)	Completed	NCT00043849	Phase 4	Quetiapine
4	A Randomized Controlled Trial Study of Risperidone and Olanzapine for the Schizophrenic Patients With Neuroleptic-Induced Acute Dystonia or Parkinsonism	Completed	NCT00331825	Phase 4	Risperidone and Olanzapine
5	The Effect of Amantadine on Movement Disorder in Ataxia-Telangiectasia	Completed	NCT00950196	Phase 4	amantadine sulphate
6	TOPAZ: Trial of Parkinson's And Zoledronic Acid A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial of Zoledronic Acid for the Prevention of Fractures in Patients With Parkinson's Disease	Recruiting	NCT03924414	Phase 4	Zoledronic Acid 5Mg/Bag 100Ml Inj
7	Myocardial 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease	Enrolling by invitation	NCT05514106	Phase 4	meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) (123I)
8	DaTSCAN Imaging in Aging and Neurodegenerative Disease	Enrolling by invitation	NCT01453127	Phase 4	I-123 Ioflupane solution injection prior to SPECT scan (DaTscan)
9	An Open-Label Tolerability and Exploratory Efficacy Study of Zonisamide for Dyskinesias in Parkinson's Disease	Suspended	NCT03034538	Phase 4	Zonegran
10	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Droxidopa for Fatigue in Parkinson's Disease	Terminated	NCT03034564	Phase 4	Northera;Placebo Oral Tablet
11	Targeting Monoaminergic Neuronal Networks in the Parkinsonian Patients After Carbon Monoxide Intoxication	Unknown status	NCT02138864	Phase 3
12	An Open Label, Multicenter Study, Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of 18F-AV-133 PET Imaging to Identify Subjects With Dopaminergic Degeneration Among Subjects Presenting to a Movement Disorders Specialty Clinic With an Uncertain Diagnosis	Completed	NCT01550484	Phase 2, Phase 3	18F-AV-133
13	A Multicentre, Phase 3, Clinical Study to Compare the Striatal Uptake of a Dopamine Transporter Radioligand, DaTSCAN™ Ioflupane (123I) Injection, After Intravenous Administration to Chinese Patients With a Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease, Multiple System Atrophy, Progressive Supranuclear Palsy, or Essential Tremor and to Healthy Controls	Completed	NCT04193527	Phase 3	DaTSCAN™ Ioflupane (123I) Injection
14	Investigator Clinical Trial for Evaluation of Safety and Tolerability After Transplantation of Fetal Mesencephalic Dopamine Neuronal Precursor Cells in Patients With Parkinson's Disease	Unknown status	NCT01860794	Phase 1, Phase 2	Mesencephalic Neuronal Precursor Cells
15	Developing a Novel Imaging Biomarker in the Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism by 18F-DTBZ PET	Completed	NCT02059733	Phase 2	18F-DTBZ
16	Effect of Clonazepam on REM Sleep Behavior Disorder in Patients With Parkinsonism: a Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind and Placebo-controlled Trial	Completed	NCT02312908	Phase 2	Clonazepam;Placebo
17	Novel Neuroimage Study in Tauopathies With Parkinsonism	Completed	NCT03386669	Phase 2	F-18
18	Dynamic SPECT Imaging With [123I]ß-CIT in Patients With Parkinsonism	Completed	NCT00132626	Phase 2	[123I]ß-CIT and SPECT imaging
19	Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Study of Incobotulinum Toxin A (Xeomin®) for Troublesome Sialorrhea in Parkinson's Disease (PD)/Parkinsonism	Completed	NCT01653132	Phase 2	Incobotulinum Toxin A;Placebo
20	From Mouse Models to Patients: Development of a Novel 18F-DTBZ PET Imaging as a Biomarker to Monitor Neurodegeneration of PARK6 and PARK8 Parkinsonism	Completed	NCT01759888	Phase 2	18F-DTBZ
21	18F-DTBZ PET and Multi-modal MRI in the Patients With Vascular Parkinsonism: Investigating the Correlation Between Cerebral Structural and Functional Changes, and Clinical Manifestation	Completed	NCT02195154	Phase 2	18F-DTBZ
22	The Differential Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease and Parkinsonism by Positron-emission Tomography With Vesicular Monoamine Transporter Ligand (18F-DTBZ)	Completed	NCT01824056	Phase 2	18F-FDG
23	Dynamic SPECT Imaging With [123I] B-CIT in Individuals With Parkinsonian Syndrome (PS) and in Individuals at Risk for Parkinsonian Syndrome	Completed	NCT00117819	Phase 2	[123I]ß CIT and SPECT imaging
24	Investigating Effects of Short-term Treatment With Pramipexole or Levodopa on [123I]B-CIT and SPECT Imaging in Early Parkinson's	Completed	NCT00096720	Phase 2	levodopa;Mirapex (pramipexole)
25	Development of a Imaging Marker for Parkinson's Disease Through Use of Dynamic SPECT Imaging With [123I] Beta-CIT in Individuals With Parkinson's Symptoms	Completed	NCT00129675	Phase 2	[123I]ß CIT
26	Development of Imaging, Clinical and Biochemical Bio-Markers for Parkinson's Disease	Completed	NCT00315250	Phase 2	[123I]β-CIT
27	Assessment of Pre-symptomatic and Symptomatic Patients With Parkinson Disease to Identify and Characterize Genetic and Phenotypic Biomarkers for Disease Onset and Progression.	Completed	NCT00273351	Phase 2	[123I]B-CIT
28	Treating Sequalae Caused by Post-acute Sequelae of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)-CoV-2 Infection	Recruiting	NCT04846010	Phase 1, Phase 2
29	Efficacy and Safety of Astragalus for Non-Motor Symptoms of Parkinsonism：an Open-Label Self-Controlled Before-and-After Study	Recruiting	NCT05506891	Phase 2	Astragalus
30	Effect of Exercise on Recovery in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism and Parkinson Disease	Active, not recruiting	NCT02598973	Phase 1, Phase 2
31	Does Presynaptic Dopamine Receptor Stimulation Transiently Worsen Parkinsonism?	Withdrawn	NCT00472355	Phase 2	apomorphine
32	Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Study of Incobotulinum Toxin A (Xeomin®) for Troublesome Sialorrhea in Parkinson's Disease (PD)/Parkinsonism and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)	Withdrawn	NCT01565395	Phase 2	Incobotulinum Toxin A;placebo
33	Safety and Efficacy of Droxidopa for Fatigue in Patients With Parkinsonism	Withdrawn	NCT03446807	Phase 2	Droxidopa;Placebo Oral Tablet
34	Botulinum Toxin for Treatment of Seborrhic Dermatitis in Parkinsonian Patients	Unknown status	NCT00767546	Phase 1	Botulinum toxin
35	Acute Effects of SCH 420814 on Dyskinesia and Parkinsonism in Levodopa Treated Patients	Completed	NCT00845000	Phase 1	SCH 420814 10 mg;SCH 420814 100 mg;Placebo;Levodopa;Carbidopa
36	A 12 Week Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study of Davunetide (NAP, AL-108) in Predicted Tauopathies	Completed	NCT01056965	Phase 1	davunetide (AL-108, NAP);Placebo nasal spray
37	A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of UBITh® PD Immunotherapeutic Vaccine (UB-312) in Healthy Participants and Participants With Parkinson's Disease	Active, not recruiting	NCT04075318	Phase 1
38	BEWARE: Body Awareness Training in the trEatment of Wearing-off Related Anxiety in Patients With paRkinson's diseasE.	Unknown status	NCT02054845
39	Clinical, Molecular and by Neuroimaging Characterization of Monogenic Forms of Parkinsonism Syndromes: Mutations of the LRRK2 Gene.	Unknown status	NCT01085227
40	Imaging Neuromelanin and Iron in Dystonia/Parkinsonism	Unknown status	NCT03572114
41	Degenerative Nigrostriatal Dysfunction in Drug-induced Parkinsonism	Unknown status	NCT02361255
42	Understanding Autonomic Function in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, Parkinsonism and Controls	Unknown status	NCT01674998
43	Observational Study Assessing the Diagnostic Contribution of 3-Tesla MRI, CSF Analysis and a Second Opinion in a Specialized Movement Disorder Centre, in Differentiating Between Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism	Unknown status	NCT01249768
44	LIPAD - LRRK2 International Parkinson's Disease Study: an International, Multicenter, Epidemiological Observational Study	Unknown status	NCT04214509
45	Thoracic Dorsal Spinal Cord Stimulation for the Treatment of Gait and Balance Impairments in Parkinson Disease	Unknown status	NCT03079310
46	The Efficacy of Long-term Whole-body Vibration in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease	Unknown status	NCT02306863
47	Cerebellar rTMS Theta Burst for Dual-task Walking in Parkinson's Disease:a Double Blind Cross-over Sham-controlled Study Using Wearing Sensors Technology	Unknown status	NCT04238000
48	Systems Medicine of Mitochondrial and Biochemical Parkinson's Disease and Other Related Movement Disorders	Unknown status	NCT03421899
49	Effects of Motor Imagery and Action Observation Training on Gait and Brain Activation Pattern of Individuals With Parkinson's Disease: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT03439800
50	Improving Posture in Parkinson's Patients Through Home-based Training and Biofeedback	Unknown status	NCT03477695

Search NIH Clinical Center for Parkinsonism

Sources

Genetic Tests for Parkinsonism

Sources

Anatomical Context for Parkinsonism

Organs/tissues related to Parkinsonism:

MalaCards : Brain, Subthalamic Nucleus, Spinal Cord, Globus Pallidus, Eye, Caudate Nucleus, Liver

Sources

Publications for Parkinsonism

Articles related to Parkinsonism:

(show top 50) (show all 19650)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Clinical intrafamilial variability in lethal familial neonatal seizure disorder caused by TBC1D24 mutations. ⁵	Lozano R...Fassio A	27541164	2016
2	Glucocerebrosidase mutations are not a common risk factor for Parkinson disease in North Africa. ⁵³ ⁶²	Nishioka K...Farrer MJ	19945510	2010
3	POLG1 polyglutamine tract variants associated with Parkinson's disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Eerola J...Tienari PJ	20399836	2010
4	Narcolepsy in Parkinson's disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Haq IZ...Chaudhuri KR	20518604	2010
5	Comment on "compound heterozygosity in DJ-1 gene non-coding portion related to Parkinsonism". ⁵³ ⁶²	Sironi F...Goldwurm S	20227322	2010
6	Degenerative parkinsonism in patients with psychogenic parkinsonism: A dopamine transporter imaging study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Felicio AC...Ferraz HB	20061077	2010
7	Drosophila models of human tauopathies indicate that Tau protein toxicity in vivo is mediated by soluble cytosolic phosphorylated forms of the protein. ⁵³ ⁶²	Feuillette S...Lecourtois M	20193038	2010
8	Methylation regulates alpha-synuclein expression and is decreased in Parkinson's disease patients' brains. ⁵³ ⁶²	Jowaed A...Wullner U	20445061	2010
9	DJ-1 is critical for mitochondrial function and rescues PINK1 loss of function. ⁵³ ⁶²	Hao LY...Bonini NM	20457924	2010
10	Disease-causing mutations in parkin impair mitochondrial ubiquitination, aggregation, and HDAC6-dependent mitophagy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Lee JY...Yao TP	20457763	2010
11	LRRK2 and Parkinson disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Dachsel JC...Farrer MJ	20457952	2010
12	The role of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson disease and Lewy body disorders. ⁵³ ⁶²	Velayati A...Sidransky E	20425034	2010
13	Parkinson's disease: insights from pathways. ⁵³ ⁶²	Cookson MR...Bandmann O	20421364	2010
14	Identification and characterization of a novel endogenous murine parkin mutation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ramsey CP...Giasson BI	20089136	2010
15	The mitochondrial fusion-promoting factor mitofusin is a substrate of the PINK1/parkin pathway. ⁵³ ⁶²	Poole AC...Pallanck L	20383334	2010
16	A pivotal role for PINK1 and autophagy in mitochondrial quality control: implications for Parkinson disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Chu CT	20385539	2010
17	Lysosomal degradation of alpha-synuclein in vivo. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mak SK...Di Monte DA	20200163	2010
18	Increased interaction between DJ-1 and the Mi-2/ nucleosome remodelling and deacetylase complex during cellular stress. ⁵³ ⁶²	Opsahl JA...Fladmark KE	20127688	2010
19	Synergistic anti-Parkinsonism activity of high doses of B vitamins in a chronic cellular model. ⁵³ ⁶²	Jia H...Liu J	18639366	2010
20	[Establishment and application of an analytical method for PINK1 gene exon copy number]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zhang HN...Tang BS	20376796	2010
21	In vivo assessment of brain monoamine systems in parkin gene carriers: a PET study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Pavese N...Piccini P	20043906	2010
22	Mechanisms in dominant parkinsonism: The toxic triangle of LRRK2, alpha-synuclein, and tau. ⁵³ ⁶²	Taymans JM...Cookson MR	20127702	2010
23	alpha-Synuclein multiplication analysis in Italian familial Parkinson disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sironi F...Goldwurm S	19833540	2010
24	SCA17 repeat expansion: mildly expanded CAG/CAA repeat alleles in neurological disorders and the functional implications. ⁵³ ⁶²	Chen CM...Wu YR	20004653	2010
25	The role of imaging in the diagnosis of vascular parkinsonism. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zijlmans JC	19959019	2010
26	Genetic screening reveals high frequency of PARK2 mutations and reduced Parkin expression conferring risk for Parkinsonism in North West India. ⁵³ ⁶²	Vinish M...Anand A	19734163	2010
27	The role of DAT-SPECT in movement disorders. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kagi G...Tolosa E	20019219	2010
28	The biology and pathology of the familial Parkinson's disease protein LRRK2. ⁵³ ⁶²	Dauer W...Ho CC	20187256	2010
29	'Prion-like' propagation of mouse and human tau aggregates in an inducible mouse model of tauopathy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sydow A...Mandelkow EM	20160454	2010
30	Brain alpha-synuclein accumulation in multiple system atrophy, Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: a comparative investigation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tong J...Furukawa Y	19903734	2010
31	Differential neuropsychological profiles in Parkinsonian patients with or without vascular lesions. ⁵³ ⁶²	Santangelo G...Barone P	20014112	2010
32	Synphilin-1 exhibits trophic and protective effects against Rotenone toxicity. ⁵³ ⁶²	Li X...Smith WW	19857556	2010
33	Tickled PINK1: mitochondrial homeostasis and autophagy in recessive Parkinsonism. ⁵³ ⁶²	Chu CT	19595762	2010
34	Neurodegenerative dementia and parkinsonism. ⁵³ ⁶²	Gabelle A...Touchon J	20082052	2010
35	Genome-wide association study identifies common variants at four loci as genetic risk factors for Parkinson's disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Satake W...Toda T	19915576	2009
36	Parkin and PINK1 parkinsonism may represent nigral mitochondrial cytopathies distinct from Lewy body Parkinson's disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ahlskog JE	19815446	2009
37	Involvement of puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase in proteolysis of tau protein in cultured cells, and attenuated proteolysis of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) mutant tau. ⁵³ ⁶²	Yanagi K...Takeda M	20377816	2009
38	Alpha-synuclein polymorphisms are associated with Parkinson's disease in a Saskatchewan population. ⁵³ ⁶²	Rajput A...Rajput A	19890971	2009
39	The PINK1/Parkin pathway: a mitochondrial quality control system? ⁵³ ⁶²	Whitworth AJ...Pallanck LJ	19967438	2009
40	Clinical features of LRRK2 parkinsonism. ⁵³ ⁶²	Haugarvoll K...Wszolek ZK	20082991	2009
41	The LRRK2 G2019S mutation as the cause of Parkinson's disease in Ashkenazi Jews. ⁵³ ⁶²	Thaler A...Giladi N	19756366	2009
42	[Clinical, pathological, and genetic characteristics of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 with mutations in the MAPT and PGRN]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tsuboi Y	19938685	2009
43	Small CGG repeat expansion alleles of FMR1 gene are associated with parkinsonism. ⁵³ ⁶²	Loesch DZ...Horne M	19796183	2009
44	Nigrostriatal dysfunction in homozygous and heterozygous parkin gene carriers: an 18F-dopa PET progression study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Pavese N...Piccini P	19845000	2009
45	Enhanced alpha-synuclein expression in human neurodegenerative diseases: pathogenetic and therapeutic implications. ⁵³ ⁶²	McCormack AL...Di Monte DA	19538156	2009
46	Nitroindazole compounds inhibit the oxidative activation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxin to neurotoxic pyridinium cations by human monoamine oxidase (MAO). ⁵³ ⁶²	Herraiz T...Guillen H	19669997	2009
47	The role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 in mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamics. ⁵³ ⁶²	Thomas KJ...Cookson MR	19703660	2009
48	Expanding the clinical phenotype of SNCA duplication carriers. ⁵³ ⁶²	Nishioka K...Hattori N	19562770	2009
49	Parkin protects against LRRK2 G2019S mutant-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration in Drosophila. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ng CH...Lim KL	19741132	2009
50	Parkin promotes intracellular Abeta1-42 clearance. ⁵³ ⁶²	Burns MP...Moussa CE	19483198	2009

Sources

Genes for Parkinsonism

Genes related to Parkinsonism (2 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 76)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	GRN	Granulin Precursor	Protein Coding	423.79	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17030535 17969346 19938685 (more) 17659186
2	TBC1D24	TBC1 Domain Family Member 24	Protein Coding	404.55	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	27541164
3	GBA1	Glucosylceramidase Beta 1	Protein Coding	47.82	Risk factor ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19425057 14728994 16781064 (more) 15591280 12809640 18852351 20425034 17047314 15525722 19286695 15464415 17462935 16261622 19945510 17703984
4	PARK7	Parkinsonism Associated Deglycase	Protein Coding	46.74	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name (show sections)	19429112 15565491 19124468 (more) 15542239 12446870 15970950 15372597 15935068 14705119 18626009 18785233 14652021 16447757 12548343 15368505 17268184 15655263 15294138 18922803 17620882 12952867 14504966 19815446 12891685 20411780 17975812 19006224 19146923 19425177 18722801 16997464 20227322 20421364 17996022 17761553 17052189 20457924 20127688 15663963 15576821 14985393 20430682 15721232 14712351 16836655 19087301 18647263
5	SLC6A3	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3	Protein Coding	45.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Pathways & Interactions (show sections)	7695230 11315592 14531041 (more) 17017535 11094111 9399211 19131852 17969308 20061077 10375668 11775602 14673877 14531049 15471834 19380697 15719156 15313838 11456307 11258400 9711973 19959019 19877234 19711116 14648150 12971118 10783572 17960343 17332612 16908744 15830229 15254794 14631126 11524505 11453057 20096859 19504720 17486648 16463120 16513606 15375677 15682332 10540602 9763484 9191769 19478460 17914722 16941463 15174010 12621642 11717374 11685496 9629849 9394097 8667208 1642464 20014112 19097795 17362445 16380622 17985644 12952503 20019219 17504864 15019297 1353885 10601804
6	TAF1	TATA-Box Binding Protein Associated Factor 1	Protein Coding	42.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries (show sections)
7	SNCA	Synuclein Alpha	Protein Coding	37.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	18571778 11455179 15451224 (more) 19139307 10599788 18413475 14755720 19205068 10867800 9500549 11447721 15804056 18030461 16358335 9914234 19405128 18553090 18195004 17969346 16291942 14626695 12777684 12548372 10963357 19890971 18639366 19562770 19680561 18824390 17291816 17620882 17015225 15382212 17625105 15234983 19915576 18976489 19021752 17761553 17531291 17052189 15655264 20200163 15026413 14736756 18540148 18366718 15576821 15009131 14698476 10961431 12378057 20445061 20127702 16639500 15109582 20411780 20082052 19903734 19538156 17683088 12836396 11487204 18804518 19833540 11442360
8	MAPT	Microtubule Associated Protein Tau	Protein Coding	37.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	19938685 10931371 11585254 (more) 11455179 10214944 10393977 10430438 19535823 15266787 20377816 10495033 9786340 9877531 10349506 11207421 11520930 11960887 15651318 18509094 18199773 17596718 17409229 17127334 16782711 15814784 15977985 15615634 15033141 14624025 12805366 12937143 12481984 11470966 11193141 11117541 11134413 11914409 11891833 11447840 11170176 10967355 10963357 10318930 10553987 9824291 18616804 18346797 17969346 17923640 17579875 17493040 17319286 16240366 16987883 16157749 16106215 16008820 15646255 15050686 12975286 12672175 12446970 12444595 16866983 16571759 16416390 16014652 11738505 11597522 10802785 10805089 10530520 10321473 20082052 19198115 16908029 16230627 16173270 15009090 14626695 14502653 12886013 12151838 20160454 17683088 17309878 17168647 16092076 15365985 15190058 15178932 11078890 10970052 10940231 10517508 10437785 10417659 20193038 19075586
9	MT-ND6	Mitochondrially Encoded NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit 6	Protein Coding	36.73	Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	ATP1A3	ATPase Na+/K+ Transporting Subunit Alpha 3	Protein Coding	34.13	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	17282997
11	SLC30A10	Solute Carrier Family 30 Member 10	Protein Coding	31.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
12	SLC39A14	Solute Carrier Family 39 Member 14	Protein Coding	31.26	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
13	POLG	DNA Polymerase Gamma, Catalytic Subunit	Protein Coding	30.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	15351195 18321754 16634032 (more) 16987890 20399836 15913923 16595552 17420318 15917273 16815381
14	ATXN2	Ataxin 2	Protein Coding	30.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	12671950 15133829 11761482 (more) 17097639
15	TRPM7	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily M Member 7	Protein Coding	30.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
16	PRKN	Parkin RBR E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase	Protein Coding	28.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16375772 15725358 18546294 (more) 15642853 12764050 19087301 10894217 17582365 11455179 12771249 15684050 17713119 19205068 15993444 11558785 17068781 17095157 18785233 12781599 19815446 15970950 15455441 11447721 11588587 14714215 15641013 12244082 12764051 15236971 12889082 11241385 9914234 20089136 18378882 15079034 14998437 12836396 15576821 15390070 15349870 15294138 12446971 10961431 19734163 19967438 19680561 17996022 18031467 17761553 17329252 17388990 17052189 15247536 15090472 12783850 19006224 17701389 16328510 16278233 14987449 14519684 10737637 20421364 19757210 12764048 12707457 11261512 10791092 20457924 19845000 19429112 18561034 17400506 17620882 12891670 12378057 11425950 19741132 18248624 17097639 11684352 20457763 20411780 20043906 19050041 18195004 17969346 15655263 12548343 11222788 19615059 19483198 16227987 16836655 17724286
17	LRRK2	Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2	Protein Coding	28.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16406842 15541309 16966501 (more) 16781064 19741132 17512502 17095157 19205068 17080443 16750929 17151837 18175393 17975812 16602113 17230458 16822348 16272164 15880653 15541303 20127702 18804399 18201193 17222580 18098275 17914064 17761553 17611037 17388990 17114044 16437584 17052189 16352719 19756366 17427941 17017534 16632201 20187256 16087219 19072560 16616379 16243488 20457952 19373934 19168133 17620882 20082991 17400507 16254973 15852371 17582365 16172858 16643318
18	PINK1	PTEN Induced Kinase 1	Protein Coding	28.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19087301 17713119 18546294 (more) 15349860 16966503 17582365 15970950 15349871 19815446 18785233 18524835 16207731 16700027 19595762 16179113 18221368 18473170 11462174 16226715 16447757 19279012 15655263 20411780 20383334 18230723 17950257 17761553 16354302 17052189 15824318 15349859 20457924 19006224 17202228 17172567 20421364 19429112 18584234 16401616 15576821 15294138 17620882 20385539 17084972 20376796 17975812 19703660 18378882 16836655 17724286 17956319
19	ATXN3	Ataxin 3	Protein Coding	28.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	7574470 9153459
20	ATP13A2	ATPase Cation Transporting 13A2	Protein Coding	25.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
21	TH	Tyrosine Hydroxylase	Protein Coding	25.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11134401 18419768 1356749 (more) 10023444 7695230 9399211 10661862 19711116 9577670 10658184 19491146 8978742 9613851 11260912
22	LOC106627981	GBA Recombination Region	Functional Element	25	Risk factor ⁵
23	MAOB	Monoamine Oxidase B	Protein Coding	24.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	2266365 1801542 10047935 (more) 11008487 9159721 11716151 7995015 11233301 14555244 19669997 10599872 12203043 18508693 8397719 2029154 8374913 9815183 10701898 2246119 9359458 17705047
24	PLA2G6	Phospholipase A2 Group VI	Protein Coding	24.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
25	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	23.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9452320 8534585 11993184 (more) 10416511 11018784 15469457 16511856 8093574 8254390 9671092 7997377 9345594 11315592 8264906 1978482 1549216 11697685 17019564 18389501 9803423
26	SLC18A2	Solute Carrier Family 18 Member A2	Protein Coding	23.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
27	SYNJ1	Synaptojanin 1	Protein Coding	23.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
28	FMR1	Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1	Protein Coding	22.89	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19204162 15390127 18273822 (more) 19796183 15929093 16723388 17620491 15300658 16250026
29	GCH1	GTP Cyclohydrolase 1	Protein Coding	22.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18511327 10495030
30	PANK2	Pantothenate Kinase 2	Protein Coding	22.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16962235 17569231
31	PTRHD1	Peptidyl-TRNA Hydrolase Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	22.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
32	DCTN1	Dynactin Subunit 1	Protein Coding	21.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
33	TWNK	Twinkle MtDNA Helicase	Protein Coding	21.89	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
34	PRKRA	Protein Activator Of Interferon Induced Protein Kinase EIF2AK2	Protein Coding	21.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
35	UCHL1	Ubiquitin C-Terminal Hydrolase L1	Protein Coding	21.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11455179 12836396 15228595
36	NDUFS4	NADH:Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Subunit S4	Protein Coding	21.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11912113 19326700 9671546 (more) 11149904 17401669 11909981 17579777 19857556 17313198 18508033 14675150 16092100
37	ATP6AP2	ATPase H+ Transporting Accessory Protein 2	Protein Coding	20.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
38	POLG2	DNA Polymerase Gamma 2, Accessory Subunit	Protein Coding	20.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
39	PACRG	Parkin Coregulated	Protein Coding	20.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15925106 17590346 17068781
40	SLC25A4	Solute Carrier Family 25 Member 4	Protein Coding	19.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
41	GDNF	Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	19.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8637574 10482276 12525720 (more) 16307601
42	UQCRC1	Ubiquinol-Cytochrome C Reductase Core Protein 1	Protein Coding	19.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
43	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	19.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10803800 17705047
44	DDC	Dopa Decarboxylase	Protein Coding	19.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9710269
45	PCSK1N	Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 1 Inhibitor	Protein Coding	19.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications localization (show sections)
46	TOR1A	Torsin Family 1 Member A	Protein Coding	18.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11523564 10720299 16198613
47	DRD1	Dopamine Receptor D1	Protein Coding	18.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	14698740 8864687 8098860
48	HTR2A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A	Protein Coding	18.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19109993 7772616 18389501
49	PSEN1	Presenilin 1	Protein Coding	18.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11914409
50	CYP2D6	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily D Member 6	Protein Coding	18.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9286632 8937349 9109653 (more) 8723226 19902987

Sources

Variations for Parkinsonism

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Parkinsonism:

⁵ (show all 17)

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	Position
1	GRN	NM_002087.4(GRN):c.52A>G (p.Thr18Ala)	SNV	Pathogenic	1687738	rs1003823098	GRCh37: 17:42426584-42426584 GRCh38: 17:44349216-44349216
2	TBC1D24	NM_001199107.2(TBC1D24):c.404C>T (p.Pro135Leu)	SNV	Pathogenic	375708	rs1057519630	GRCh37: 16:2546553-2546553 GRCh38: 16:2496552-2496552
3	TBC1D24	NM_001199107.2(TBC1D24):c.1078C>T (p.Arg360Cys)	SNV	Pathogenic	375707	rs1057519629	GRCh37: 16:2548333-2548333 GRCh38: 16:2498332-2498332
4	LOC106627981, GBA1	NM_000157.4(GBA1):c.1093G>A (p.Glu365Lys)	SNV	Risk Factor Risk Factor Risk Factor	199044	rs2230288	GRCh37: 1:155206167-155206167 GRCh38: 1:155236376-155236376
5	LOC106627981, GBA1	NM_000157.4(GBA1):c.1448T>C (p.Leu483Pro)	SNV	Risk Factor	4288	rs421016	GRCh37: 1:155205043-155205043 GRCh38: 1:155235252-155235252
6	MT-ND6	NC_012920.1:m.14598T>C	SNV	Likely Pathogenic	374080	rs1057518882	GRCh37: MT:14598-14598 GRCh38: MT:14598-14598
7	LOC106627981, GBA1	NM_000157.4(GBA1):c.1279G>A (p.Glu427Lys)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	493050	rs149171124	GRCh37: 1:155205581-155205581 GRCh38: 1:155235790-155235790
8	MRE11	NM_005591.4(MRE11):c.1727G>A (p.Arg576Gln)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	127974	rs139461096	GRCh37: 11:94180441-94180441 GRCh38: 11:94447275-94447275
9	TGM6	NM_198994.3(TGM6):c.76C>T (p.Pro26Ser)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	523569	rs766248910	GRCh37: 20:2375166-2375166 GRCh38: 20:2394520-2394520
10	MT-CYB	NC_012920.1:m.15127C>T	SNV	Uncertain Significance	370064	rs1057516074	GRCh37: MT:15127-15127 GRCh38: MT:15127-15127
11	ADCY5	NM_183357.3(ADCY5):c.649del (p.Arg217fs)	DEL	Uncertain Significance	373900	rs1057518757	GRCh37: 3:123166744-123166744 GRCh38: 3:123447897-123447897
12	LRRK2	NM_198578.4(LRRK2):c.5647T>C (p.Phe1883Leu)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	373908	rs762890407	GRCh37: 12:40717099-40717099 GRCh38: 12:40323297-40323297
13	CSF1R, LOC111188154	NM_001288705.3(CSF1R):c.647G>A (p.Arg216Gln)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	374038	rs750413238	GRCh37: 5:149457757-149457757 GRCh38: 5:150078194-150078194
14	TYROBP	NM_003332.4(TYROBP):c.94G>A (p.Asp32Asn)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	374122	rs758290972	GRCh37: 19:36398632-36398632 GRCh38: 19:35907730-35907730
15	PDGFRB	NM_002609.4(PDGFRB):c.3241G>A (p.Glu1081Lys)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	523454	rs1554107047	GRCh37: 5:149495406-149495406 GRCh38: 5:150115843-150115843
16	MRE11	NM_005591.4(MRE11):c.229G>A (p.Glu77Lys)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	481777	rs779269083	GRCh37: 11:94219175-94219175 GRCh38: 11:94486009-94486009
17	DCTN1	NM_004082.5(DCTN1):c.673C>T (p.Arg225Trp)	SNV	Likely Benign	453052	rs371723224	GRCh37: 2:74598276-74598276 GRCh38: 2:74371149-74371149

Sources

Expression for Parkinsonism

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Parkinsonism.

Sources

Pathways for Parkinsonism

Pathways related to Parkinsonism according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Neuroscience ³	12.03	SNCA PRKN PINK1 PARK7 MAPT LRRK2
2	Alpha-synuclein signaling ⁶¹	10.87	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PARK7
3	Parkinson's disease pathway ⁷⁴	10.75	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2
4	Maturation of protein E ⁶⁶ ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Josephin domain DUBs ⁶⁶	10.56	PRKN ATXN3

Sources

GO Terms for Parkinsonism

Cellular components related to Parkinsonism according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	membrane	GO:0016021	10.68	ATP13A2 ATP1A3 MT-ND6 PINK1 SLC30A10 SLC39A14
2	membrane	GO:0016020	10.68	ATP13A2 ATP1A3 ATXN2 GBA1 GRN LRRK2
3	growth cone	GO:0030426	10.01	SNCA PINK1 MAPT LRRK2
4	neuron projection	GO:0043005	10	SLC6A3 PRKN PARK7 MAPT LRRK2 ATP13A2
5	synapse	GO:0045202	9.97	ATP1A3 ATXN3 LRRK2 PARK7 PRKN SNCA
6	lysosome	GO:0005764	9.9	ATP13A2 GBA1 GRN LRRK2 SLC39A14 SNCA
7	neuronal cell body	GO:0043025	9.73	SNCA SLC6A3 MAPT LRRK2 ATP1A3 ATP13A2
8	Lewy body	GO:0097413	9.67	PRKN PINK1
9	axon	GO:0030424	9.47	SNCA SLC6A3 PINK1 PARK7 MAPT LRRK2

Biological processes related to Parkinsonism according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 50)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	negative regulation of gene expression	GO:0010629	10.36	MAPT PARK7 PINK1 PRKN TAF1
2	protein autophosphorylation	GO:0046777	10.31	TRPM7 TAF1 LRRK2 ATP13A2
3	protein stabilization	GO:0050821	10.3	TAF1 PRKN PINK1 PARK7 GRN
4	response to oxidative stress	GO:0006979	10.24	PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2
5	adult locomotory behavior	GO:0008344	10.16	SNCA PRKN PARK7
6	positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process	GO:0032436	10.15	TAF1 PRKN LRRK2 GBA1
7	lysosome organization	GO:0007040	10.14	LRRK2 GRN GBA1
8	cellular zinc ion homeostasis	GO:0006882	10.1	ATP13A2 SLC30A10 SLC39A14
9	cellular response to oxidative stress	GO:0034599	10.1	ATP13A2 LRRK2 PARK7 PINK1 SNCA
10	regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential	GO:0051881	10.09	PRKN PINK1 PARK7
11	mitochondrion organization	GO:0007005	10.07	PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2 GBA1
12	amyloid fibril formation	GO:1990000	10.05	SNCA PRKN MAPT
13	regulation of mitochondrion organization	GO:0010821	10.03	PRKN PINK1 ATP13A2
14	autophagy	GO:0006914	10.02	PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2 GBA1 ATP13A2
15	manganese ion transmembrane transport	GO:0071421	10.01	SLC39A14 SLC30A10
16	regulation of dopamine metabolic process	GO:0042053	10	SLC6A3 PRKN
17	negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death	GO:1903206	10	PARK7 LRRK2
18	regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress	GO:1900407	10	PRKN PINK1
19	protein localization to mitochondrion	GO:0070585	10	PRKN LRRK2
20	negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process	GO:0043524	10	GBA1 GRN PARK7 PINK1 PRKN SLC30A10
21	dopamine biosynthetic process	GO:0042416	9.99	SNCA SLC6A3
22	regulation of mitochondrial fission	GO:0090140	9.99	LRRK2 MAPT
23	cellular response to toxic substance	GO:0097237	9.99	PINK1 PRKN
24	negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	GO:1902236	9.99	PRKN PARK7 LRRK2
25	positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion	GO:1903599	9.98	PRKN PARK7
26	regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion	GO:1903214	9.98	PRKN PINK1
27	intracellular distribution of mitochondria	GO:0048312	9.97	MAPT LRRK2
28	regulation of locomotion	GO:0040012	9.97	SNCA LRRK2
29	regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process	GO:2000377	9.97	SNCA PRKN PINK1
30	autophagosome organization	GO:1905037	9.96	GBA1 ATP13A2
31	positive regulation of histone deacetylase activity	GO:1901727	9.96	PINK1 LRRK2
32	positive regulation of mitophagy in response to mitochondrial depolarization	GO:0098779	9.95	PRKN PINK1
33	positive regulation of androgen receptor activity	GO:2000825	9.95	TAF1 PARK7
34	zinc ion homeostasis	GO:0055069	9.94	PRKN ATP13A2
35	cellular response to manganese ion	GO:0071287	9.93	PRKN LRRK2 ATP13A2
36	negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	GO:1903377	9.92	PRKN PARK7
37	negative regulation of mitochondrial fission	GO:0090258	9.92	PINK1 MAPT
38	mitophagy	GO:0000423	9.92	GBA1 PINK1 PRKN
39	negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death	GO:1903202	9.91	PRKN PINK1 PARK7
40	mitochondrion to lysosome transport	GO:0099074	9.9	PINK1 PRKN
41	positive regulation of mitochondrial electron transport, NADH to ubiquinone	GO:1902958	9.89	PARK7 PINK1
42	negative regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death	GO:1903204	9.89	TBC1D24 PINK1 PARK7
43	regulation of lysosomal protein catabolic process	GO:1905165	9.88	ATP13A2 GBA1
44	monoatomic cation transport	GO:0006812	9.86	TRPM7 SLC30A10 ATP13A2
45	negative regulation of hydrogen peroxide-induced neuron intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway	GO:1903384	9.84	PINK1 PARK7
46	positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion in response to mitochondrial depolarization	GO:1904925	9.81	PINK1 GBA1
47	regulation of synaptic vesicle transport	GO:1902803	9.73	PRKN PINK1 LRRK2
48	synaptic transmission, dopaminergic	GO:0001963	9.65	SNCA PRKN PARK7
49	dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051583	9.56	SNCA SLC6A3 PRKN PARK7
50	negative regulation of neuron death	GO:1901215	9.44	SNCA PRKN PINK1 PARK7 LRRK2 GBA1

Molecular functions related to Parkinsonism according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	actin binding	GO:0003779	10.02	TRPM7 SNCA PRKN MAPT LRRK2
2	tubulin binding	GO:0015631	9.77	PRKN MAPT LRRK2
3	cuprous ion binding	GO:1903136	9.56	SNCA PARK7
4	manganese ion transmembrane transporter activity	GO:0005384	9.46	SLC39A14 SLC30A10
5	cupric ion binding	GO:1903135	9.26	PARK7 ATP13A2
6	chaperone binding	GO:0051087	9.23	PRKN MAPT GRN ATP1A3