Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

NEC MCID: PRN019 MIFTS: 61	Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) Categories: Blood diseases, Fetal diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

IMPROVED

Name: Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis ¹¹ ¹⁴

Necrotizing Enterocolitis ¹¹ ¹⁹ ⁵⁸ ¹⁴ ¹⁶ ⁷¹

Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ¹⁹ ⁴³

Enterocolitis Necrotizing ¹¹ ⁵³

Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Fetus or Newborn ¹¹

Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis in Newborn ¹¹

Perinatal Necrotising Enterocolitis ¹¹

Nec ¹⁹

Characteristics:

Prevelance:

Necrotizing Enterocolitis: 1-5/10000 (Worldwide) ⁵⁸

Age Of Onset:

Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Neonatal ⁵⁸

Age Of Death:

Necrotizing Enterocolitis: infantile ⁵⁸

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Fetal diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases Blood diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹ ³²

Certain conditions originating in the perinatal period

Digestive system disorders of fetus and newborn

Necrotizing enterocolitis of fetus and newborn

Orphanet: ⁵⁸

Rare gastroenterological diseases

Sources

Summaries for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

GARD: ¹⁹ Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a condition characterized by variable injury or damage to the intestinal tract, causing death of intestinal tissue. The condition most often occurs in premature newborns, but it may also occur in term or near-term babies. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal distension, bloody stools, vomiting bile-stained fluid, and pneumatosis intestinalis (gas in the bowel wall) identified on abdominal x-ray. Affected infants occasionally have temperature instability, lethargy, or other findings of sepsis. The exact cause of NEC is unknown.

MalaCards based summary: Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis, also known as necrotizing enterocolitis, is related to enterocolitis and short bowel syndrome. An important gene associated with Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis is HBEGF (Heparin Binding EGF Like Growth Factor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ERK Signaling and Disease. The drugs Dexamethasone acetate and Dexamethasone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, neutrophil and breast, and related phenotypes are premature birth and hyponatremia

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A rare intestinal disease characterized by potentially life-threatening inflammatory bowel necrosis predominantly affecting preterm neonates. Patients may present with feeding intolerance, lethargy, temperature instability, abdominal distention, blood-stained stools, diarrhea, bilious vomiting, apnea, and signs of sepsis. Radiographic features include pneumatosis intestinalis, portal venous gas, presence of fixed, dilated intestinal loops, bowel wall edema, and (in case of bowel perforation) pneumoperitoneum.

Sources

Related Diseases for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1007)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	enterocolitis	32.5	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 HBEGF FABP2
2	short bowel syndrome	32.4	IL6 IL1B EGF
3	viral meningitis	31.7	TNF IL6 CXCL8 CRP CCR6
4	intestinal perforation	31.7	TNF IL6 IL10 FABP2 CRP CCR6
5	patent ductus arteriosus 1	31.5	PRODH IL6 CXCL8 CRP
6	encephalitis	31.4	TNF TLR2 TJP1 IL6 IL1B IL10
7	asphyxia neonatorum	31.4	IL6 IL1B CRP
8	intestinal obstruction	31.2	TNF IL6 CRP
9	ileus	31.2	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CRP
10	nutritional deficiency disease	31.1	IL6 CRP CCR6
11	disseminated intravascular coagulation	31.0	TNF IL6 IL10 CRP
12	periventricular leukomalacia	31.0	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CRP
13	peritonitis	31.0	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
14	compartment syndrome	31.0	TNF IL6 CRP
15	human cytomegalovirus infection	30.9	TNF IL6 IL10 CCR6
16	chorioamnionitis	30.9	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
17	exudative vitreoretinopathy 1	30.9	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CRP
18	adult respiratory distress syndrome	30.9	TNF PLA2G7 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
19	gastroenteritis	30.9	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CRP
20	clostridium difficile colitis	30.9	IL1B CRP CCR6
21	mucormycosis	30.9	TNF IL6 IL10 CRP CCR6
22	food allergy	30.8	TNF IL10 CXCL8 CSN1S1 CCR6
23	pre-eclampsia	30.8	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF
24	milk allergy	30.8	IL10 CSN1S1 CCR6
25	fasciitis	30.8	TNF IL6 CXCL8
26	neutropenia	30.7	TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
27	amyloidosis	30.7	TNF IL6 IL1B CRP
28	proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1	30.7	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
29	periodic fever, familial, autosomal dominant	30.7	TNF IL6 IL1B CRP
30	deficiency anemia	30.6	TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 CRP
31	cerebral palsy	30.6	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
32	gestational diabetes	30.6	TNF IL6 IL1B CRP
33	thrombocytopenia	30.5	TNF TLR4 TLR2 THPO IL6 IL1B
34	heart disease	30.5	TNF TLR4 TLR2 PRODH PLA2G7 IL6
35	diarrhea	30.5	TNF TLR4 OCLN IL6 IL1B IL10
36	appendicitis	30.5	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 FABP2
37	necrotizing fasciitis	30.5	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CRP
38	lung disease	30.5	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
39	respiratory failure	30.5	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
40	common cold	30.4	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CRP
41	constipation	30.4	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CRP
42	toxic shock syndrome	30.4	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
43	gastroesophageal reflux	30.4	TNF IL6 IL1B EGF CXCL8
44	actinomycosis	30.3	TNF IL10 CRP
45	gas gangrene	30.3	TNF IL6 CRP
46	urinary tract infection	30.3	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
47	genital herpes	30.3	TNF TLR2 CCR6
48	cyclic neutropenia	30.3	TNF IL1B CXCL8
49	sudden infant death syndrome	30.3	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
50	shigellosis	30.3	LTF IL1B IL10 CCR6

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Human phenotypes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

⁵⁸ ³⁰ (show all 29)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	Orphanet Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	premature birth ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Hallmark (90%)	Very frequent (99-80%)	HP:0001622
2	hyponatremia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0002902
3	neutropenia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001875
4	small for gestational age ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001518
5	abdominal distention ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0003270
6	leukocytosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0001974
7	food intolerance ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0012537
8	bloody diarrhea ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Frequent (33%)	Frequent (79-30%)	HP:0025085
9	hypotension ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002615
10	vomiting ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002013
11	ascites ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001541
12	thrombocytopenia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001873
13	increased serum lactate ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002151
14	apnea ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002104
15	lethargy ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001254
16	metabolic acidosis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001942
17	abnormal heart morphology ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001627
18	gastroschisis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001543
19	edema ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0000969
20	peritonitis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0002586
21	disseminated intravascular coagulation ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0005521
22	shock ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0031273
23	temperature instability ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0005968
24	bradycardia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0001662
25	hyperglycemia ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0003074
26	neonatal sepsis ⁵⁸ ³⁰	Occasional (7.5%)	Occasional (29-5%)	HP:0040187
27	diarrhea ⁵⁸		Frequent (79-30%)
28	acidosis ⁵⁸		Occasional (29-5%)
29	abnormal glucose homeostasis ⁵⁸		Occasional (29-5%)

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	10.14	CCR6 CRP CSN1S1 CXCL8 EGF FABP2
2	no effect	GR00402-S-2	10.14	CCR6 CRP CSN1S1 EGF FABP2 GOT2

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.16	CCR6 CRP CSN1S1 FABP2 HBEGF IL10
2	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.15	CCR6 GOT2 HBEGF IL10 IL1B IL6
3	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.95	IL10 IL1B IL6 LTF TLR2 TLR4
4	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	9.92	FABP2 IL10 IL6 LTF TJP1 TLR2
5	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	9.9	CCR6 CRP GOT2 HBEGF IL10 IL1B
6	immune system	MP:0005387	9.83	CCR6 CRP EGF FABP2 GOT2 IL10
7	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.32	HBEGF IL10 IL1B IL6 OCLN PRODH

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Drugs for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 118)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Dexamethasone acetate

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

1177-87-3

3680

Dexamethasone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-02-2

3003 5743

Iron

Approved

Phase 4

7439-89-6

29936

Zinc cation

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

7440-66-6, 23713-49-7

32051

Zinc sulfate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

7733-02-0

Azithromycin

Approved

Phase 4

83905-01-5

447043

Ampicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

69-53-4

6249

Beta carotene

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

6811-73-0, 7235-40-7

10256668 5280489

Cholecalciferol

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

67-97-0, 1406-16-2

5280795 10883523

Melatonin

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

73-31-4

896

Picolinic acid

Investigational

Phase 4

98-98-6

1018

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 4

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 4

Hormones

Phase 4

Vitamins

Phase 4

Chelating Agents

Phase 4

glucocorticoids

Phase 4

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 4

Carotenoids

Phase 4

Antiemetics

Phase 4

Calciferol

Phase 4

Iron Chelating Agents

Phase 4

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4

Provitamins

Phase 4

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 4

Protective Agents

Phase 4

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 4

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Gentamicins

Phase 4

Calcium

Nutraceutical

Phase 4

7440-70-2

271

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 3

59467-70-8

4192

Clarithromycin

Approved

Phase 3

81103-11-9

84029

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

137-58-6

3676

Amoxicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

26787-78-0

33613

Cysteine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 2, Phase 3

52-90-4

594 5862

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 3

2052-63-3, 22737-97-9, 22737-96-8, 68-26-8

9904001 9947823 5280382 445354

Parenteral Nutrition Solutions

Phase 2, Phase 3

Amino-acid, glucose, and electrolyte solution

Phase 2, Phase 3

Retinol palmitate

Phase 3

Anesthetics

Phase 3

Pentoxifylline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

6493-05-6

4740

Lenograstim

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1, Phase 2

135968-09-1

Meropenem

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1, Phase 2

119478-56-7, 96036-03-2

441130

Lactulose

Approved

Phase 2

4618-18-2

11333

Acetaminophen

Approved

Phase 2

103-90-2

1983

Indomethacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

53-86-1

3715

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 2

15687-27-1

3672

Cefoxitin

Approved

Phase 2

35607-66-0

441199

Cefotaxime

Approved

Phase 2

63527-52-6

5742673 456256

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 162)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	The Effect of Co-administered β-Carotene, Vitamin D3, Zinc and Antenatal Steroid Therapy on Hyaline Membrane Disease and Feeding Intolerance in Premature Neonates	Unknown status	NCT03366584	Phase 4	Dexamethasone
2	Oral Zinc Supplementation Improving Growth and Reducing Morbidity on Very Low Birth Weight Infant	Unknown status	NCT04050488	Phase 4	Zinc Sulfate;Placebos
3	The Effect of Withholding Feeds During Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Development of TRAGI in Very Low Birth Weight Infants	Unknown status	NCT02132819	Phase 4
4	Effect of Melatonin on Feeding Intolerance and Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants	Completed	NCT04304807	Phase 4	Melatonin 20 mg;Traditional antibiotic treatment
5	NICU Antibiotics and Outcomes Trial	Recruiting	NCT03997266	Phase 4	Ampicillin;Gentamycin;Normal saline
6	The Efect of Azithromicyn on Bronchopulmonary Displasia in Extremely Preterm and Very Preterm Infant	Recruiting	NCT05311228	Phase 4	Azithromycin Powder
7	Role Of Saccharomyces Boulardii in Preventin Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants	Unknown status	NCT01315821	Phase 3	Saccharomyces boulardii;Placebo
8	Can Bovine Lactoferrin Prevent Neonatal Infections in Low Birth Weight Babies in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.	Unknown status	NCT03431558	Phase 3	Glucon-D 99.4% (Placebo)
9	Effect of Cysteine Supplementation on Glutathione Production in Critically Ill Neonates	Unknown status	NCT00254176	Phase 2, Phase 3
10	Effect of Vitamin A in the Treatment of Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Hospitalized Neonates	Completed	NCT00707785	Phase 3
11	Role Of Lactobacillus Reuteri in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants	Completed	NCT01531179	Phase 3	Lactobacillus reuteri;Placebo
12	Role of Probiotics for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT02650869	Phase 3
13	Nosocomial Infections and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates Treated With Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Infantis in An Intensive Care Unit : A Randomized Controlled Study	Completed	NCT01340469	Phase 3
14	The Use of Probiotics in the Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in HIV-exposed Premature and Very-low Birth Weight Infants	Completed	NCT01868737	Phase 3
15	The Efficacy of Symbiotic Preparation on Cytokines Which Act on Necrotising Enterocolitis Pathogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants	Completed	NCT01899677	Phase 3	symbiotic
16	Evaluation of Bowel Perfusion With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Necrotizing Enterocolitis	Recruiting	NCT03549507	Phase 3	Sulfur hexafluoride lipid-type A microspheres
17	A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel-group, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of IBP-9414 in Premature Infants 500-1500g Birth Weight in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis - The Connection Study	Recruiting	NCT03978000	Phase 3	IBP-9414;Placebo
18	Nordic Study on Human Milk Fortification in Extremely Preterm Infants: a Randomized Controlled Trial	Recruiting	NCT03797157	Phase 2, Phase 3
19	Treatment of Classic Mid-trimester Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) With Oligo/Anhydramnion Between 22/0-26/0 Week of Gestation by Means of Continuous Amnioinfusion: a Multicenter Prospectiv Randomized Trial	Not yet recruiting	NCT04696003	Phase 3
20	Prebiotics vs. Placebo in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Neonates	Unknown status	NCT00437567	Phase 2
21	Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Neonates	Unknown status	NCT00271336	Phase 2	Pentoxifylline
22	Heat Killed Probiotics in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Premature Neonates	Unknown status	NCT02796703	Phase 2
23	The Role of Lactobacillus Reuteri (L. Reuteri) in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Pre-term Infants Less Than 34 Weeks of Gestation	Unknown status	NCT04541771	Phase 2	Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938;Placebo
24	Efficacy of Enteral Administration of the Docosahexaenoic Acid on Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Cytokines and Hospital Stay in Preterm Neonates	Completed	NCT01745510	Phase 1, Phase 2
25	Erythropoietin Protects Very Preterm Infants Against Necrotizing Enterocolitis	Completed	NCT03919500	Phase 2	EPO;Normal saline
26	Incidence of Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Newborns <1500g Using Probiotics Lactobacillus Boucardii.	Completed	NCT02226263	Phase 2
27	Enteral Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Erythropoietin Early in Life Increases Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01441427	Phase 1, Phase 2	recombinant human G-CSF, and rhEPO;rh G-CSF;rh EPO;rh G-GSF and rh EPO together;Placebo
28	Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Meropenem in Young Infants (<91 Days) With Suspected or Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections	Completed	NCT00621192	Phase 1, Phase 2	meropenem
29	The Effects of Lactulose Supplementation to Enteral Feedings in Premature Infants - A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT00616876	Phase 2	Lactulose
30	Early Treatment Versus Delayed Conservative Treatment of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm infants-a Multicenter Trial	Completed	NCT01958320	Phase 2	NSAID
31	Prophylactic Probiotics to Extremely Low Birth Weight Prematures	Completed	NCT01603368	Phase 2
32	A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel-group, Dose Escalation Placebo-controlled Multicenter Study to Investigate the Safety and Tolerability of IBP-9414 Administered in Preterm Infants.	Completed	NCT02472769	Phase 2	IBP-9414;Placebo
33	Early Supplementation of Enteral Microlipid With and Without Fish Oil in Premature Infants With Enterostomies	Completed	NCT01674478	Phase 2
34	Antibiotic Effects on the Developing Microbiome, Metabolome and Morbidities in Preterm Neonates	Completed	NCT02784821	Phase 2	Antibiotic;Antibiotics - pre-emptive
35	Efficacy Of Oral Melatonin To Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis Among Preterm Infants In A Tertiary Level Hospital In The Philippines: A Randomized Control Trial	Recruiting	NCT05033639	Phase 1, Phase 2	Melatonin 6 MG
36	RIC-NEC Phase II Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial: Remote Ischemic Conditioning in Necrotizing Enterocolitis	Not yet recruiting	NCT05279664	Phase 2
37	Phase 2 Study of Oral Probiotics Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis for Very Low Birth Weight Infants -Multi-Center Randomized Control Trial	Terminated	NCT00540033	Phase 2
38	An Assessment of Urinary Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Early Predictor of Necrotizing Enterocolitis	Withdrawn	NCT01805206	Phase 2
39	Enteral Administration of a Simulated Amniotic Fluid In Preventing Feeding Intolerance And Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Very Low Birth Weight Neonates	Unknown status	NCT02405637	Phase 1	simulated amniotic fluid 20cc/kg/day enterally;distilled water
40	Safety and Effectiveness Phase 1 Study of Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusion for the Prevention and Treatment of Prematurity Complications In Preterm Neonates	Unknown status	NCT02050971	Phase 1
41	Simulated Amniotic Fluid Like Solution Enterally Administrated in Neonates Recovering From GIT Surgeries	Unknown status	NCT03302338	Phase 1	SAFE group;placebo group
42	A Phase Ib Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Once Daily Dosing of STP206 in Premature Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates	Completed	NCT01954017	Phase 1
43	Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants	Completed	NCT00840983	Phase 1
44	Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Dose Metronidazole in Premature Infants	Completed	NCT01222585	Phase 1	Metronidazole
45	Prognostic Contribution of Abdominal Ultrasound in Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants Less Than 33SA.	Unknown status	NCT02872350
46	A Panel of Biomarkers in Diagnosing Late-onset Neonatal Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Sibu Hospital	Unknown status	NCT03578978
47	Evaluation of the Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Fetuses With Intrauterine Growth Restriction.	Unknown status	NCT03869827
48	The Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oral Probiotics in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Formula-feeding	Unknown status	NCT02552706
49	Investigation of the Relationship Between Erythrocyte Transfusion and Nutrition and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT04083638
50	A Clinical Study on the Impact of Docosahexaenoic Acid on the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates	Unknown status	NCT03700957

Search NIH Clinical Center for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: enterocolitis, necrotizing

Sources

Genetic Tests for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Sources

Anatomical Context for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Organs/tissues related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

MalaCards : Heart, Neutrophil, Breast, Brain, Small Intestine, Myeloid, Bone Marrow

Sources

Publications for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Articles related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

(show top 50) (show all 7914)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Non-invasive markers for early diagnosis and determination of the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Thuijls G...Heineman E	20485148	2010
2	Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. ⁵³ ⁶²	Venkatesh MP...Abrams SA	20464748	2010
3	A systematic review of serologic tests in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Evennett N...Eaton S	19944232	2009
4	Heat susceptibility of interleukin-10 and other cytokines in donor human milk. ⁵³ ⁶²	Untalan PB...Goldman AS	19366315	2009
5	Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor is a potent dilator of terminal mesenteric arterioles. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zhou Y...Besner GE	19389413	2009
6	Can lactoferrin prevent neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis? ⁵³ ⁶²	Venkatesh M...Abrams S	19485792	2009
7	Preclinical neonatal rat studies of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in protection of the intestines from necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Radulescu A...Besner GE	19127210	2009
8	Oral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mohan P...Abrams SA	19160324	2009
9	Effects of sepsis on neonatal thrombopoiesis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Brown RE...Sola-Visner MC	18552713	2008
10	Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene disruption is associated with delayed intestinal restitution, impaired angiogenesis, and poor survival after intestinal ischemia in mice. ⁵³ ⁶²	El-Assal ON...Besner GE	18558204	2008
11	Bile acids modulate tight junction structure and barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers via EGFR activation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Raimondi F...Paludetto R	18239063	2008
12	Role of epidermal growth factor and other growth factors in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Nair RR...Warner BW	18346534	2008
13	Tissue distribution and plasma clearance of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in adult and newborn rats. ⁵³ ⁶²	Feng J...Besner GE	16364500	2006
14	Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Feng J...Besner GE	16084404	2005
15	Lactoferrin-enhanced anoikis: a defense against neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sherman MP...Petrak K	15950395	2005
16	Epidermal growth factor and necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Dvorak B	15183666	2004
17	Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. ⁵³ ⁶²	El-Assal ON...Besner GE	14765365	2004
18	Intraluminal casein model of necrotizing enterocolitis for assessment of mucosal destruction, bacterial translocation, and the effects of allopurinol and N-acetylcysteine. ⁵³ ⁶²	Koivusalo A...Rintala R	12598971	2002
19	Diminished epidermal growth factor levels in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Shin CE...Warner BW	10693661	2000
20	Klebsiella pneumoniae with extended spectrum beta-lactamase activity associated with a necrotizing enterocolitis outbreak. ⁵³ ⁶²	Gregersen N...Cooper P	10571430	1999
21	Plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: a pilot study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Edelson MB...Rozycki HJ	10549746	1999
22	Epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptors, intestinal growth, and adaptation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Wong WM...Wright NA	10483903	1999
23	The role of recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Caplan MS...Yu A	9396557	1997
24	Clinical applications of epidermal growth factor. ⁵³ ⁶²	Guglietta A...Sullivan PB	8590139	1995
25	Presence of platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase in milk. ⁵³ ⁶²	Furukawa M...Johnston JM	8228643	1993
26	Effect of necrotizing enterocolitis on urinary epidermal growth factor levels. ⁵³ ⁶²	Scott SM...Backstrom C	2058613	1991
27	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Stability Modified by Glutaredoxin-1 in Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ⁶²	Zhang Y...Guo C	36049244	2022
28	Neonatal outcome of second-stage cesarean delivery versus vacuum extraction among neonates <34 weeks. ⁶²	Levin G...Meyer R	33928834	2022
29	Birthweight and Apgar at 5 minutes of life for the prediction of severe neonatal outcomes in preterm prelabor rupture of membranes. ⁶²	Duncan JR...Vilchez G	33403889	2022
30	Healthcare-associated Infections in Very Low Birth-weight Infants in a South African Neonatal Unit: Disease Burden, Associated Factors and Short-term Outcomes. ⁶²	Lloyd LG...Dramowski A	35980840	2022
31	Reduced fetal urine production rate-An early marker of fetal inflammatory response syndrome in preterm premature rupture of membranes: Prospective cohort study. ⁶²	Jain A...Agarwal R	35152407	2022
32	Implications of Paneth cell dysfunction on gastrointestinal health and disease. ⁶²	Lee VH...Gulati AS	36165037	2022
33	Natural Versus Synthetic Surfactant Therapy in Respiratory Distress Syndrome of Prematurity. ⁶²	Patel DV...Nimbalkar SM	35648309	2022
34	Efficacy and safety of permissive hypercapnia in preterm infants: A systematic review. ⁶²	Ozawa Y...Isayama T	35945674	2022
35	The gut virome in health and disease: new insights and associations. ⁶²	Shareefdeen H...Hill C	36165045	2022
36	Special considerations in randomized trials investigating neonatal surgical treatments. ⁶²	Blakely ML...Tyson JE	35811154	2022
37	NF-κB inactivation attenuates the M1 macrophage polarization in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis by glutaredoxin-1 deficiency. ⁶²	Luo Y...Qiu L	35870170	2022
38	Efficacy of Probiotic Consortium Transplantation on Experimental Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ⁶²	Tian B...Guo C	35926310	2022
39	Rational Probiotic Strain Selection to Prevent Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ⁶²	Preidis GA	35881959	2022
40	Reply to: "Is antibiotic exposure associated with an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants?" ⁶²	Chen WY...Hung MC	36250904	2022
41	Age disparities in intestinal stem cell quantities: a possible explanation for preterm infant susceptibility to necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁶²	Hosfield BD...Markel TA	36208323	2022
42	Development of necrotizing enterocolitis after blood transfusion in very premature neonates. ⁶²	Odom TL...Akpan US	36227506	2022
43	Clinical and histopathological correlates of intestinal repair in preterm infants following surgical necrotizing enterocolitis. ⁶²	Garg PM...Hillegass WB	36261134	2022
44	A hydrogen-sulfide derivative of mesalamine reduces the severity of intestinal and lung injury in necrotizing enterocolitis through endothelial nitric oxide synthase. ⁶²	Hosfield BD...Markel TA	35912999	2022
45	Butyrate induces development-dependent necrotizing enterocolitis-like intestinal epithelial injury via necroptosis. ⁶²	Wang K...Sylvester KG	36202969	2022
46	Is antibiotic exposure associated with an increased risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in very low birth weight infants? ⁶²	Kuo SC...Wang PH	36194163	2022
47	Standardizing the Evaluation and Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in a Level IV NICU. ⁶²	Aurora M...Matute JD	36164852	2022
48	Efficient achievement of enteral autonomy facilitates resolution of liver injury in necrotizing enterocolitis induced short bowel syndrome. ⁶²	Mutanen A...Pakarinen MP	36266329	2022
49	Bedside Ultrasound for Early Diagnosis of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Pilot Study. ⁶²	Oulego-Erroz I...Pou-Blazquez A	35973795	2022
50	Proteomics Profiling of Stool Samples from Preterm Neonates with SWATH/DIA Mass Spectrometry for Predicting Necrotizing Enterocolitis. ⁶²	Gagne D...Beaulieu JF	36232903	2022

Sources

Genes for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Genes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (0 elite genes):

(show all 34)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	HBEGF	Heparin Binding EGF Like Growth Factor	Protein Coding	20.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Summaries (show sections)	19127210 14765365 16084404 (more) 16364500 19389413 18558204
2	FABP2	Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2	Protein Coding	13.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	20485148 10549746 19944232
3	PLA2G7	Phospholipase A2 Group VII	Protein Coding	11.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	9396557 8228643
4	EGF	Epidermal Growth Factor	Protein Coding	10.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15183666 2058613 10693661 (more) 19366315 8590139 18346534 18239063 10483903
5	LTF	Lactotransferrin	Protein Coding	8.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	19160324 19485792 20464748 (more) 15950395
6	CSN1S1	Casein Alpha S1	Protein Coding	8.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	12598971
7	THPO	Thrombopoietin	Protein Coding	8.08	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	18552713
8	CCR6	C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 6	Protein Coding	7.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
9	TLR4	Toll Like Receptor 4	Protein Coding	7.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	7.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	7.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
12	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	6.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
13	IL10	Interleukin 10	Protein Coding	6.9	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
14	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	6.85	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
15	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	6.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
16	GOT2	Glutamic-Oxaloacetic Transaminase 2	Protein Coding	6.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
17	OCLN	Occludin	Protein Coding	6.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
18	PRODH	Proline Dehydrogenase 1	Protein Coding	6.62	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
19	TLR2	Toll Like Receptor 2	Protein Coding	6.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
20	TJP1	Tight Junction Protein 1	Protein Coding	6.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
21	FUT2	Fucosyltransferase 2	Protein Coding	6.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
22	CLDN3	Claudin 3	Protein Coding	6.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
23	SIGIRR	Single Ig And TIR Domain Containing	Protein Coding	6.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
24	IL17A	Interleukin 17A	Protein Coding	6.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
25	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	6.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
26	NOD2	Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2	Protein Coding	6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
27	MYD88	MYD88 Innate Immune Signal Transduction Adaptor	Protein Coding	6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
28	TFF3	Trefoil Factor 3	Protein Coding	5.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
29	CD4	CD4 Molecule	Protein Coding	5.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
30	LGR5	Leucine Rich Repeat Containing G Protein-Coupled Receptor 5	Protein Coding	5.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
31	TLR9	Toll Like Receptor 9	Protein Coding	5.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
32	LALBA	Lactalbumin Alpha	Protein Coding	5.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
33	TLR5	Toll Like Receptor 5	Protein Coding	5.87	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
34	EPO	Erythropoietin	Protein Coding	5.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

Sources

Variations for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Sources

Expression for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis.

Sources

Pathways for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Pathways related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 59)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ERK Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶⁴ MAPK Signaling ⁶⁴ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶⁴ Rho Family GTPases ⁶⁴	13.84	TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF
2	Disease ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Infectious disease ⁶⁶	13.81	TLR4 TLR2 TJP1 LTF IL6 IL1B
3	Akt Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁴ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁴	13.43	CCR6 CXCL8 EGF IL10 IL1B IL6
4	PAK Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁴ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁴	12.96	TNF TJP1 THPO PLA2G7 IL6 IL1B
5	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Hepatitis B infection ⁷⁴ Measles virus infection ⁷⁴ Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway ⁷⁴	12.89	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR2 TLR4 TNF
6	NF-KappaB Family Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways NF-KappaB (p50-p65) Pathway ⁶⁴	12.76	TNF TLR4 TLR2 THPO IL6 IL1B
7	Malignant pleural mesothelioma ⁷⁴	12.72	IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF EGF
8	IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways "Mucin expression in CF via TLRs, EGFR signaling pathways" ²² IL1 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway ²² Interleukin-1 (IL-1) structural pathway ⁷⁴ Interleukin-33 signaling ⁶⁶ Interleukin-36 pathway ⁶⁶ Pathogen or Damage-activated C-Type Lectin Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵	12.65	TNF TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
9	Overview of interferons-mediated signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Mediated Apoptosis ⁶⁴ Cytokine Network ⁶⁴ Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²² Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁶ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling ⁶⁶ Type III interferon signaling ⁷⁴	12.64	TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF
10	Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Inflammasome Activation Pathways ⁶⁵ Nanomaterial-induced inflammasome activation ⁷⁴ NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ TLR4 signaling and tolerance ⁷⁴ Toll-Like Receptors Pathway ⁶⁴	12.58	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
11	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²² Show member pathways Altered glycosylation of MUC1 in tumor microenvironment ⁷⁴ IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²² IL1-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²² Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²² NTHi-Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ Signal transduction through IL1R ⁷⁴	12.49	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
12	Toll Comparative Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL-1 Pathway ⁶⁴ Immune response MIF in innate immunity response ²² iNOS Signaling ⁶⁴ TLR-TRIF Pathway ⁶⁴	12.37	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
13	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways "Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways" ²² IL17 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ IL-17 signaling pathway ⁷⁴	12.3	CXCL8 IL6 TLR2 TNF
14	Colorectal Cancer Metastasis ⁶⁴	12.26	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 EGF
15	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) susceptibility pathways ⁷⁴	12.24	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
16	Neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling ⁷⁴	12.14	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
17	Spinal cord injury ⁷⁴	12.08	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
18	Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	12.05	TNF THPO IL6 IL10
19	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	12.03	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
20	CCL18 signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.96	IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CCR6
21	Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	11.95	THPO IL6 HBEGF EGF
22	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	11.94	TNF IL1B IL10 CXCL8
23	Th17 Differentiation ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL-21 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁵	11.92	TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B
24	Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.86	CCR6 IL10 IL1B TNF
25	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁵	11.82	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
26	Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by nsp9-nsp10 complex ⁷⁴	11.78	IL6 CXCL8 CRP
27	Acute viral myocarditis ⁷⁴	11.77	TLR4 IL6 IL10
28	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²²	11.75	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
29	Extrafollicular B cell activation by SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴	11.74	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CRP
30	AP-1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.73	IL6 IL10 CXCL8
31	IL27-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Show member pathways IL12 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ Th1 Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.73	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
32	Lung fibrosis ⁷⁴	11.65	TNF IL6 IL1B EGF CXCL8
33	"Non-genomic actions of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3" ⁷⁴	11.64	CXCL8 IL6 TLR4 TNF
34	miRNAs involvement in the immune response in sepsis ⁷⁴	11.62	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
35	MSP-RON Signaling ⁶⁴	11.6	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
36	SARS-CoV-2 innate immunity evasion and cell-specific immune response ⁷⁴	11.59	TNF IL10 CXCL8
37	IL 10 signaling pathway ⁶⁷	11.59	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10
38	Inflammatory bowel disease signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Ulcerative colitis signaling ⁷⁴	11.54	IL10 IL6 TLR2 TLR4 TNF
39	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²²	11.53	TNF IL6 IL1B
40	Fibrin complement receptor 3 signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.51	TNF TLR4 IL6
41	Bladder cancer ⁷⁴	11.47	HBEGF EGF CXCL8
42	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁶	11.39	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
43	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ⁷⁴	11.37	TNF IL6 IL1B
44	Antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of Nrf2 on SARS-CoV-2 pathway ⁷⁴	11.35	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
45	Cytokines and inflammatory response ⁷⁴	11.32	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
46	Prostaglandin signaling ⁷⁴	11.3	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
47	IL1 and megakaryocytes in obesity ⁷⁴	11.21	HBEGF IL1B PLA2G7 TLR2
48	Extracellular vesicles in the crosstalk of cardiac cells ⁷⁴	11.19	TLR4 IL6 EGF
49	LDL- influence on CD14 and TLR4 ⁷⁴	11.13	TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10
50	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²²	11.08	TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 EGF

Sources

GO Terms for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Cellular components related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	10.03	CRP CSN1S1 CXCL8 EGF HBEGF IL10
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.68	TNF THPO PLA2G7 LTF IL6 IL1B

Biological processes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 45)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.59	TNF TLR4 TLR2 THPO IL6 IL1B
2	negative regulation of cell population proliferation	GO:0008285	10.41	TNF TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
3	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	10.4	CRP CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR2 TLR4
4	positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0051091	10.28	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
5	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	GO:0051897	10.27	TNF THPO HBEGF EGF
6	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	GO:0050830	10.25	TNF TLR2 IL6 IL1B CRP
7	positive regulation of MAP kinase activity	GO:0043406	10.21	TNF TLR4 IL1B EGF
8	positive regulation of gene expression	GO:0010628	10.21	CRP CXCL8 EGF IL1B IL6 OCLN
9	positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	GO:1901224	10.2	IL1B TLR2 TLR4 TNF
10	humoral immune response	GO:0006959	10.19	TNF LTF IL6 CCR6
11	positive regulation of inflammatory response	GO:0050729	10.19	TNF TLR4 TLR2 PLA2G7 IL1B
12	immune response	GO:0006955	10.18	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
13	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	GO:0045429	10.17	TNF TLR4 IL1B
14	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:0048661	10.17	TNF TLR4 IL6 HBEGF
15	positive regulation of interleukin-10 production	GO:0032733	10.16	TLR4 TLR2 IL6
16	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032755	10.16	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B
17	positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	GO:0046427	10.15	IL10 IL6 TNF
18	maintenance of blood-brain barrier	GO:0035633	10.13	TJP1 OCLN IL6
19	positive regulation of mitotic nuclear division	GO:0045840	10.13	TNF IL1B EGF
20	liver regeneration	GO:0097421	10.12	TNF IL6 IL10
21	positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	GO:1900017	10.11	TNF TLR4 IL6
22	negative regulation of neurogenesis	GO:0050768	10.11	TNF IL6 IL1B
23	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	GO:0051092	10.11	IL1B IL6 LTF TLR2 TLR4 TNF
24	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	10.08	TNF IL6 IL1B
25	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	10.08	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
26	positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	GO:0034116	10.06	TNF IL1B IL10
27	positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	GO:0032757	10.02	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B
28	positive regulation of oxidative stress-induced neuron death	GO:1903223	10	TNF TLR4
29	positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	GO:0150078	10	IL1B IL6 TNF
30	negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	GO:0002719	9.99	TNF IL10
31	negative regulation of lipid storage	GO:0010888	9.99	TNF IL6 CRP
32	positive regulation of fever generation	GO:0031622	9.98	IL1B TNF
33	positive regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability	GO:1905605	9.98	OCLN TJP1
34	4-hydroxyproline catabolic process	GO:0019470	9.96	GOT2 PRODH
35	sequestering of triglyceride	GO:0030730	9.96	IL1B TNF
36	positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	GO:0060559	9.94	IL1B TNF
37	positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion	GO:1904466	9.93	TLR4 TLR2
38	response to molecule of bacterial origin	GO:0002237	9.93	TLR2 IL10 CXCL8
39	chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	GO:0002439	9.92	IL10 TNF
40	positive regulation of cellular response to macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulus	GO:1903974	9.92	TLR2 TLR4
41	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.91	IL1B IL6 TNF
42	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	9.81	TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B
43	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.77	TNF TLR4 THPO IL6 IL1B IL10
44	response to external stimulus	GO:0009605	9.75	CXCL8 TLR2 TLR4
45	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	9.28	TNF TLR4 TLR2 TJP1 THPO IL1B

Molecular functions related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	growth factor activity	GO:0008083	9.65	THPO IL6 IL10 HBEGF EGF
2	lipopolysaccharide binding	GO:0001530	9.63	TLR4 TLR2 LTF
3	lipopolysaccharide immune receptor activity	GO:0001875	9.56	TLR4 TLR2
4	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.36	TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8