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NEC
MCID: PRN019
MIFTS: 54

Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

Categories: Fetal diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

Name: Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis 12 15
Necrotizing Enterocolitis 12 52 58 15 17 71
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing 52 43
Enterocolitis Necrotizing 12 54
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Fetus or Newborn 12
Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis in Newborn 12
Perinatal Necrotising Enterocolitis 12
Nec 52

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

58
necrotizing enterocolitis
Prevalence: 1-5/10000 (Worldwide); Age of onset: Neonatal; Age of death: infantile;

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Fetal diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare gastroenterological diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:8677
MeSH 43 D020345
ICD10 32 K55.3 K55.30 P77
ICD10 via Orphanet 33 P77
UMLS via Orphanet 72 C0520459
Orphanet 58 ORPHA391673
UMLS 71 C0520459
Sources

Summaries for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section
NIH Rare Diseases : 52 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a condition characterized by variable injury or damage to the intestinal tract, causing death of intestinal tissue . The condition most often occurs in premature newborns, but it may also occur in term or near-term babies. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal distension, bloody stools, vomiting bile-stained fluid, and pneumatosis intestinalis (gas in the bowel wall) identified on abdominal x-ray . Affected infants occasionally have temperature instability, lethargy, or other findings of sepsis. The exact cause of NEC is unknown. Treatment involves stopping feedings, passing a small tube into the stomach to relieve gas, and giving intravenous fluids and antibiotics . Surgery may be needed if there is perforated or necrotic (dead) bowel tissue. About 60-80% of affected newborns survive the condition.

MalaCards based summary : Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis, also known as necrotizing enterocolitis, is related to enterocolitis and intestinal perforation. An important gene associated with Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis is FABP2 (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and Akt Signaling. The drugs Dexamethasone and Dexamethasone acetate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, colon and breast, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and hematopoietic system

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Related Diseases for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 728)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 enterocolitis 32.4 TLR4 FABP2 CXCL8
2 intestinal perforation 31.2 IL6 FABP2 CRP
3 periventricular leukomalacia 31.1 TNF IL6 CPVL
4 cytomegalovirus infection 31.1 TNF IL6 CXCL8
5 clostridium difficile colitis 31.0 LTF CRP CCR6
6 compartment syndrome 31.0 TNF IL6 CRP
7 cerebral palsy 30.9 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
8 exudative vitreoretinopathy 1 30.8 TNF IL6 CXCL8 CRP CPVL
9 ileus 30.8 TNF IL6 IL10 CRP
10 gastroenteritis 30.8 TNF TLR9 IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CRP
11 vasculitis 30.7 TNF LTF IL6 CRP
12 peptic esophagitis 30.7 OCLN IL6 CXCL8
13 food allergy 30.6 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL10 CXCL8
14 gastroesophageal reflux 30.6 TNF IL6 EGF CXCL8
15 cardiogenic shock 30.5 IL6 CRP
16 genital herpes 30.5 TLR2 IL10 CCR6
17 necrotizing fasciitis 30.5 IL6 CXCL8 CRP
18 meconium aspiration syndrome 30.5 TNF IL6 CXCL8
19 disseminated intravascular coagulation 30.5 TNF IL6 IL10 CRP
20 fasciitis 30.5 TNF IL6 CXCL8
21 combined t cell and b cell immunodeficiency 30.5 IL6 IL10 CCR6
22 funisitis 30.4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CRP CCR6
23 pertussis 30.4 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
24 portal hypertension 30.4 TNF TLR4 THPO CXCL8
25 cellulitis 30.4 TNF IL6 IL10 CRP CCR6
26 esophagitis 30.4 TNF IL6 IL10 EGF CXCL8
27 proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1 30.3 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
28 bone resorption disease 30.3 TNF IL6 CRP CCR6
29 placenta disease 30.3 TNF IL6 CXCL8 CRP
30 myocarditis 30.3 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10
31 inherited metabolic disorder 30.3 TNF IL6 CRP CCR6
32 toxic shock syndrome 30.3 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
33 systemic scleroderma 30.2 TNF IL6 CRP CCR6
34 osteomyelitis 30.2 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
35 deficiency anemia 30.2 TNF THPO LTF IL6 CRP
36 peritonitis 30.2 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
37 mouth disease 30.2 TLR4 IL6 IL10 CRP CCR6
38 gastritis 30.2 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CCR6
39 chorioamnionitis 30.2 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CRP
40 endophthalmitis 30.2 TNF TLR2 IL6 CXCL8 CRP
41 sudden infant death syndrome 30.1 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8
42 bronchopneumonia 30.1 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CRP
43 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 30.1 TNF IL6 IL10 CRP CCR6
44 hydrocephalus 30.1 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL10 HBEGF
45 hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis 30.1 TNF IL10 CXCL8
46 candidiasis 30.0 TNF TLR4 TLR2 LTF IL6 IL10
47 respiratory failure 30.0 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CRP
48 duodenal ulcer 30.0 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 EGF CXCL8
49 exanthem 30.0 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CRP CCR6
50 meningitis 30.0 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:



Diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

45
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.03 CCR6 CPVL CRP FABP2 HBEGF IL10
2 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10 CCR6 IL10 IL6 LTF THPO TLR1
3 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 9.97 EGF IL10 IL6 OCLN TLR2 TLR4
4 immune system MP:0005387 9.86 CCR6 CPVL CRP EGF IL10 IL6
5 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.23 FABP2 IL10 IL6 LTF TLR2 TLR4
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Drugs for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 220)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-02-2 5743
2
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 1177-87-3
3
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51-45-6 774
4
Ampicillin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 69-53-4 6249
5
Zinc Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7440-66-6 32051
6
Zinc sulfate Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7733-02-0
7
Betamethasone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 378-44-9 9782
8 Poractant alfa Approved Phase 4 129069-19-8
9 Beractant Approved Phase 4 108778-82-1
10
Tocopherol Approved, Investigational Phase 4 1406-66-2, 54-28-4 14986
11
Sorbitol Approved Phase 4 50-70-4 5780
12 Coconut Approved Phase 4
13
Ergocalciferol Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 50-14-6 5280793
14
Vitamin D Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 1406-16-2
15
Beta carotene Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 7235-40-7
16
Vitamin D3 Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 67-97-0 6221 5280795
17
Vitamin E Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 59-02-9 14985
18 Tocotrienol Investigational Phase 4 6829-55-6
19 Immunologic Factors Phase 4
20 Immunoglobulins Phase 4
21 Antibodies Phase 4
22 Immunoglobulins, Intravenous Phase 4
23 Rho(D) Immune Globulin Phase 4
24 gamma-Globulins Phase 4
25 Antioxidants Phase 4
26 Protective Agents Phase 4
27 Carotenoids Phase 4
28 Antiemetics Phase 4
29 BB 1101 Phase 4
30 Ergocalciferols Phase 4
31 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
32 Calciferol Phase 4
33
Picolinic acid Phase 4 98-98-6 1018
34 Provitamins Phase 4
35 Vitamin D2 Phase 4
36 Anti-Ulcer Agents Phase 4
37 Bismuth tripotassium dicitrate Phase 4
38 Histamine H2 Antagonists Phase 4
39
Histamine Phosphate Phase 4 51-74-1 65513
40 Histamine Antagonists Phase 4
41
Bismuth Phase 4 7440-69-9 16682734 105143
42 Ranitidine bismuth citrate Phase 4
43 Antacids Phase 4
44
Stevioside Phase 4 57817-89-7 548198
45 Stevia Phase 4
46 Micronutrients Phase 4
47 Vitamins Phase 4
48 Trace Elements Phase 4
49 Nutrients Phase 4
50 Gentamicins Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 329)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Effect of Withholding Feeds During Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Development of TRAGI in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Unknown status NCT02132819 Phase 4
2 The Effect of Probiotics on the Rate of Recovery of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Exacerbation (Crohn's Disease) and Markers of Inflammation Unknown status NCT01765998 Phase 4 Probiotic;Placebo
3 THE EFFECT OF SUSTAINED LUNG INFLATION MANEUVER APPLIED THROUGH NASAL PRONG ON EARLY AND LATE RESPIRATORY MORBIDITIES IN PRETERM INFANTS Unknown status NCT02887924 Phase 4
4 Systematic Randomized , Single Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Early Versus Late Lactoferrin in Prevention of Neonatal Sepsis Completed NCT02959229 Phase 4 Lactoferrin;Placebo (for Lactoferrin)
5 A Randomized Trial to Evaluate the Use of Plastic Bags in Preventing and Treating Hypothermia in Neonates in Developing Countries Completed NCT01403623 Phase 4
6 Randomized Evaluation of the Use of Plastic Bags to Prevent Neonatal Hypothermia in Developing Countries-Part IV Completed NCT01604447 Phase 4
7 A Randomized Double-Blinded Study Comparing the Impact of One Versus Two Courses of Antenatal Steroids on Neonatal Outcome Completed NCT00201643 Phase 4 Betamethasone or Dexamethasone (2nd course of ACS);Placebo
8 Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (SIMV) Versus Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (NIPPV) In Preterm Infants With Respiratory Distress Completed NCT00486850 Phase 4
9 Phase 4 Study of Use of High-dose Intravenous Immune Globulin for Prevent Hyperbilirubinemia Due Rh Hemolytic Disease in Newborns Infants Completed NCT00288600 Phase 4 Intravenous Immunoglobulin;Normal saline solution
10 The Effect of Co-administered β-Carotene, Vitamin D3, Zinc and Antenatal Steroid Therapy on Hyaline Membrane Disease and Feeding Intolerance in Premature Neonates Recruiting NCT03366584 Phase 4 Dexamethasone
11 Early Sodium Intake in Preterm Newborns; Randomized Clinical Trial Recruiting NCT04035564 Phase 4 Sodium < 1mEq/kg/day;Sodium 5mEq/kg/day
12 Stress Ulcer Prophylaxis Versus Placebo - a Blinded Randomized Control Trial to Evaluate the Safety of Two Strategies in Critically Ill Infants With Congenital Heart Disease Recruiting NCT03667703 Phase 4 Ranitidine;Placebo
13 Oral Zinc Supplementation Improving Growth and Reducing Morbidity on Very Low Birth Weight Infant Not yet recruiting NCT04050488 Phase 4 Zinc Sulfate;Placebos
14 NICU Antibiotics and Outcomes Trial Not yet recruiting NCT03997266 Phase 4 Ampicillin;Gentamycin;Normal saline
15 Personalized Versus Standardized Parenteral Nutrition for Preterm Infants With a Birth Weight Greater Than 1250 Grams: a Multicenter Randomized Phase IV Clinical Trial Not yet recruiting NCT03693287 Phase 4 Standardized-parenteral nutrition (S-PN);Personalized-parenteral nutrition (P-PN)
16 Impact of Early Postnatal Sodium Supplementation on Weight Gain in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Terminated NCT01795638 Phase 4 Sodium chloride;Placebo
17 Phase 4 Study of Curosurf (Poractant) and Survanta (Beractant) Surfactant Treatment in Very Premature Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Terminated NCT00767039 Phase 4 Survanta (beractant);Curosurf (poractant)
18 Effects of the Use of a Bottle and a Cup on Breast Sucking Patterns of Premature Infants: Safety and Efficacy Terminated NCT00703950 Phase 4
19 Incidence and Severity of Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis in Neonates Subjected to Major Surgery, Using Two Mixed Intravenous Lipid Emulsions Terminated NCT02633384 Phase 4
20 Randomized Trial on Efficacy and Safety of the Antenatal Rescue Course of Glucocorticoids in Threatened Premature Birth (ACG Trial) Terminated NCT00295464 Phase 4 Betamethasone sodium phos (drug)
21 A Pilot Study to Compare the Use of Fresh Frozen Plasma With 24-Hour Plasma in Babies Up to Age Six Months Withdrawn NCT02774317 Phase 4
22 Role Of Saccharomyces Boulardii in Preventin Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Unknown status NCT01315821 Phase 3 Saccharomyces boulardii;Placebo
23 Effect of Cysteine Supplementation on Glutathione Production in Critically Ill Neonates Unknown status NCT00254176 Phase 2, Phase 3
24 Efficacy and Safety of Probiotics in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Unknown status NCT03266913 Phase 3 Probiotic
25 Nasal Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure After Extubation of Very Low Birth Weight Infants of the NEOCOSUR Network. Unknown status NCT01778829 Phase 3
26 Role Of Lactobacillus Reuteri in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Completed NCT01531179 Phase 3 Lactobacillus reuteri;Placebo
27 Role of Probiotics for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT02650869 Phase 3
28 Effect of Vitamin A in the Treatment of Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Hospitalized Neonates Completed NCT00707785 Phase 3
29 Nosocomial Infections and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates Treated With Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Infantis in An Intensive Care Unit : A Randomized Controlled Study Completed NCT01340469 Phase 3
30 The Efficacy of Symbiotic Preparation on Cytokines Which Act on Necrotising Enterocolitis Pathogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Completed NCT01899677 Phase 3 symbiotic
31 The Use of Probiotics in the Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in HIV-exposed Premature and Very-low Birth Weight Infants Completed NCT01868737 Phase 3
32 Trial of Indomethacin Prophylaxis in Preterm Infants (TIPP) Completed NCT00009646 Phase 3 indomethacin;Indomethacin;Placebo
33 Progesterone Vaginal Pessary for Prevention of Preterm Twin Birth Completed NCT02350231 Phase 2, Phase 3 The progesterone vaginal pessary;Tonics group
34 Ursodiol for Treating Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis in Neonates Completed NCT00846963 Phase 2, Phase 3 Ursodiol;placebo
35 A Single Blinded Study on the Effect of Saccharomyces Boulardii CNCM I-745 on Growth and Development in Preterm Infants Completed NCT02310425 Phase 3 S. boulardii;Placebo
36 Pentoxifylline Therapy of Late-onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Completed NCT02163174 Phase 3 Pentoxifylline (PTX);Placebo
37 Inhaled NO in Prevention of Chronic Lung Disease Completed NCT00000548 Phase 3
38 Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate Efficacy/Safety of CY-1503 (Cylexin) in Prevention of Reperfusion Injury in Neonates/Infants Undergoing Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass Completed NCT00226369 Phase 2, Phase 3 CY-1503
39 Comparison of Intravenous Ibuprofen vs. Continuous Indomethacin in the Treatment of Patent Ductus Arteriosus Completed NCT00485160 Phase 3 Continuous indomethacin;ibuprofen
40 Decreasing Rates of Illnesses in Kids (DRINK) Completed NCT00356382 Phase 3 Lactobacillus (L.) casei
41 Early Vitamin D Supplementation for Prevention of Respiratory Morbidity in Extremely Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial Completed NCT01600430 Phase 2, Phase 3
42 Randomized Clinical Trial of Dexamethasone Therapy in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants at Risk for Chronic Lung Disease (CLD) Completed NCT00011362 Phase 3 Dexamethasone Early;Dexamethasone Late
43 Effect of Early Enteral Supplementation of L-arginine and Glutamine on Preterm Neonate Completed NCT01263041 Phase 2, Phase 3 Glutamine;l-arginine
44 A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effectiveness of Inhaled Nitrous Oxide for Pain Relief During ROP Screening Exam in the Pre-term Infant Completed NCT00623220 Phase 3
45 High-dose Ibuprofen for Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Extremely Preterm Infants: a Randomized Controlled Study Completed NCT01243996 Phase 2, Phase 3 Ibuprofen
46 A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel-group, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of IBP-9414 in Premature Infants 500-1500g Birth Weight in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis - The Connection Study Recruiting NCT03978000 Phase 3 IBP-9414;Placebo
47 Evaluation of Bowel Perfusion With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Recruiting NCT03549507 Phase 3 Sulfur hexafluoride lipid-type A microspheres
48 Can Bovine Lactoferrin Prevent Neonatal Infections in Low Birth Weight Babies in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Recruiting NCT03431558 Phase 3 Glucon-D 99.4% (Placebo)
49 Do Probiotics Modulate the Intestinal Microbiome of Extremely Preterm Infants? Recruiting NCT03422562 Phase 3
50 A Double Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Use of Oral Progesterone in All Women for Prevention of Preterm Delivery in Singleton Pregnancy (SINPRO Study) Recruiting NCT03428685 Phase 2, Phase 3 Dydrogesterone Oral Tablet;Placebo Oral Tablet

Search NIH Clinical Center for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: enterocolitis, necrotizing

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Genetic Tests for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Anatomical Context for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

40
Heart, Colon, Breast, Liver, Lung, Brain, Kidney
Sources

Publications for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Articles related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

(show top 50) (show all 6512)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Non-invasive markers for early diagnosis and determination of the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
20485148 2010
2
Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. 54 61
20464748 2010
3
A systematic review of serologic tests in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
19944232 2009
4
Heat susceptibility of interleukin-10 and other cytokines in donor human milk. 54 61
19366315 2009
5
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor is a potent dilator of terminal mesenteric arterioles. 54 61
19389413 2009
6
Can lactoferrin prevent neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis? 54 61
19485792 2009
7
Preclinical neonatal rat studies of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in protection of the intestines from necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
19127210 2009
8
Oral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. 54 61
19160324 2009
9
Effects of sepsis on neonatal thrombopoiesis. 54 61
18552713 2008
10
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene disruption is associated with delayed intestinal restitution, impaired angiogenesis, and poor survival after intestinal ischemia in mice. 54 61
18558204 2008
11
Role of epidermal growth factor and other growth factors in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
18346534 2008
12
Bile acids modulate tight junction structure and barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers via EGFR activation. 54 61
18239063 2008
13
Tissue distribution and plasma clearance of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in adult and newborn rats. 54 61
16364500 2006
14
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
16084404 2005
15
Lactoferrin-enhanced anoikis: a defense against neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
15950395 2005
16
Epidermal growth factor and necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
15183666 2004
17
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. 54 61
14765365 2004
18
Intraluminal casein model of necrotizing enterocolitis for assessment of mucosal destruction, bacterial translocation, and the effects of allopurinol and N-acetylcysteine. 54 61
12598971 2002
19
Diminished epidermal growth factor levels in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
10693661 2000
20
Klebsiella pneumoniae with extended spectrum beta-lactamase activity associated with a necrotizing enterocolitis outbreak. 54 61
10571430 1999
21
Plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: a pilot study. 54 61
10549746 1999
22
Epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptors, intestinal growth, and adaptation. 54 61
10483903 1999
23
The role of recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
9396557 1997
24
Clinical applications of epidermal growth factor. 54 61
8590139 1995
25
Presence of platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase in milk. 54 61
8228643 1993
26
Effect of necrotizing enterocolitis on urinary epidermal growth factor levels. 54 61
2058613 1991
27
A Pharmacoepidemiologic Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Clindamycin in Infants. 61
31725114 2020
28
The protective effects of sesamol in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. 61
30058400 2020
29
Fulminant Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Multiple Organ Dysfunction in a Toddler with Mitochondrial DNA Depletion Syndrome-13. 61
31984159 2020
30
Changes of intestinal microbiota in early life. 61
30058404 2020
31
Human breast milk exosomes attenuate intestinal damage. 61
31713717 2020
32
Maternal and perinatal outcomes and factors associated with twin pregnancies among preterm births: Evidence from the Brazilian Multicenter Study on Preterm Birth (EMIP). 61
32012259 2020
33
Parenteral Nutrition in Moderately Preterm, Otherwise Healthy Neonates Is Not Associated With Improved Short-Term Growth Outcomes. 61
32026496 2020
34
Use of pediatric donor en bloc kidneys along with bladder segment in pediatric liver-kidney and multivisceral-kidney transplantation. 61
31605438 2020
35
Cytokine responses to symbiotic and lactoferrin combination in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized control trial. 61
31984696 2020
36
Red blood cell transfusion and short-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants. 61
32024329 2020
37
Short-term and long-term outcomes of very-low-birth-weight infants in Korea: Korean Neonatal Network update in 2019. 61
32023404 2020
38
Neurocognitive Functioning in Early School-age Children With Intestinal Failure. 61
31978022 2020
39
The Role of Gastrointestinal-Related Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins as Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal Diseases. 61
31529416 2020
40
Effects of antenatal indomethacin on ductus arteriosus early closure and on adverse outcomes in preterm neonates. 61
29986620 2020
41
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) as reliable marker in necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates. 61
32024341 2020
42
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Multi-omic Approach and the Role of the Microbiome. 61
32008132 2020
43
Characteristics and incidence of transfusion-associated necrotizing enterocolitis in the UK. 61
29945481 2020
44
Preterm infant gut microbial patterns related to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. 61
29909714 2020
45
Profile analysis reveals endogenous RNAs regulate necrotizing enterocolitis progression. 61
32036223 2020
46
Synbiotic use for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial. 61
32023397 2020
47
The association of pregestational and gestational diabetes with severe neonatal morbidity and mortality. 61
31591489 2020
48
Physical Activity and Spatial Memory Are Minimally Affected by Moderate Growth Restriction in Preterm Piglets. 61
32015235 2020
49
Reduced fetal movements is twin pregnancies and the association with adverse neonatal outcomes. 61
32032929 2020
50
Intestinal organoids in infants and children. 61
31555860 2020
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Variations for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Expression for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis.
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Pathways for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Pathways related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 59)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Innate Immune System 65
Show member pathways
 14.06 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
2
Akt Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.38 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
3
PAK Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.35 TNF THPO PLA2G7 IL6 IL10 HBEGF
4
IL-2 Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.26 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
5
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway 1 36
Show member pathways
 13.08 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
6
Measles 36
Show member pathways
 12.87 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 IL6 CXCL8
7
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.71 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
8
Th17 cell differentiation 36
Show member pathways
 12.67 TNF TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10
9
TRAF Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.65 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
10
T cell receptor signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.63 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10
11
NF-kappaB Signaling 4
12.61 TNF TLR9 TLR2 TLR1 IL10
12
VEGF Pathway (Qiagen) 63
Show member pathways
 12.48 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 EGF
13
Shigellosis 36
12.4 TNF TLR5 TLR4 CXCL8
14
IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.4 TNF TLR5 TLR2 IL6 CXCL8
15
Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions 64
Show member pathways
 12.4 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CCR6
16
JAK-STAT signaling pathway (KEGG) 36
Show member pathways
 12.37 THPO IL6 IL10 EGF
17
Defensins 65
Show member pathways
 12.35 TLR2 TLR1 LTF CCR6
18
Pathogenic Escherichia coli infection 36
12.35 TNF TLR5 TLR4 OCLN IL6 CXCL8
19
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.33 TNF THPO IL6 IL10 HBEGF CXCL8
20
Proteoglycans in cancer 36
12.32 TNF TLR4 TLR2 HBEGF
21
IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.3 TNF TLR5 TLR2 IL6 CXCL8
22
Toxoplasmosis 36
Show member pathways
 12.29 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL10
23
Tuberculosis 36
12.28 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 IL6
24
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway 36
12.27 TNF TLR4 IL6 CXCL8
25
C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.24 TNF TLR9 IL6 IL10
26
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
12.21 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8
27
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade 65
Show member pathways
 12.2 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
28
Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Overview 64
Show member pathways
 12.11 TNF TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 IL6
29
MAPK Pathway 70
Show member pathways
 12.1 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
30
Yersinia infection 36
12.08 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
31
Colorectal Cancer Metastasis 63
12.08 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
32
Spinal Cord Injury 1
12.07 TNF TLR4 IL6 CXCL8
33
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers 64
12.05 TNF THPO IL6 IL10
34
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
12.04 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8
35
Amoebiasis 36
11.98 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
36
Bacterial infections in CF airways 22
Show member pathways
 11.98 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
37
Rheumatoid arthritis 36
11.94 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 CXCL8
38
Phagocytosis of Microbes 63
11.89 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
39
Salmonella infection (KEGG) 36
11.87 TLR5 TLR4 IL6 CXCL8
40
Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway 64
11.83 TNF TLR9 IL6 IL10
41
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 64
11.8 TNF IL10 CCR6
42
Pertussis 36
11.8 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
43
Bladder cancer 36 1
11.76 HBEGF EGF CXCL8
44
Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization 64
11.75 TNF IL6 IL10
45
Lung fibrosis 1
11.74 TNF IL6 EGF CXCL8
46
LPA receptor mediated events 1
11.7 IL6 HBEGF CXCL8
47
Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling 1
Show member pathways
 11.69 TNF IL6 CXCL8
48
Th1 Differentiation Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 11.67 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
49
Interleukin-10 signaling 65
11.61 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8
50
Legionellosis 36
11.6 TNF TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 IL6 CXCL8
Sources

GO Terms for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

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Cellular components related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.9 TNF TLR9 THPO PLA2G7 LTF IL6
2 cell surface GO:0009986 9.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 LTF HBEGF GOT2
3 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.32 TNF THPO PLA2G7 LTF IL6 IL10
4 Toll-like receptor 1-Toll-like receptor 2 protein complex GO:0035354 9.26 TLR2 TLR1

Biological processes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 57)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 signal transduction GO:0007165 10.29 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 THPO
2 immune system process GO:0002376 10.17 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 LTF
3 innate immune response GO:0045087 10.15 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 CRP
4 positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 10.11 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 IL6 EGF
5 defense response to bacterium GO:0042742 10.03 TNF TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 LTF IL10
6 positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling GO:0043123 10 TNF TLR9 TLR4 LTF
7 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling GO:0051897 10 TNF THPO HBEGF EGF
8 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 9.97 TNF TLR5 TLR4 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
9 immune response GO:0006955 9.97 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 IL6
10 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium GO:0050830 9.96 TNF TLR2 IL6 CRP
11 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 9.95 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 LTF IL6
12 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 9.93 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 PLA2G7
13 defense response to Gram-negative bacterium GO:0050829 9.92 TLR9 TLR4 LTF IL6
14 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling GO:1901224 9.91 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2
15 response to insulin GO:0032868 9.89 TLR2 IL10 GOT2
16 response to glucocorticoid GO:0051384 9.89 TNF IL6 IL10
17 I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling GO:0007249 9.89 TNF TLR9 TLR4
18 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 9.88 TNF IL6 HBEGF
19 humoral immune response GO:0006959 9.88 TNF LTF IL6 CCR6
20 positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production GO:0032760 9.87 TLR9 TLR4 TLR2
21 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0045429 9.86 TNF TLR5 TLR4
22 positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion GO:2000778 9.85 TNF TLR4 TLR2
23 lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031663 9.85 TNF TLR4 TLR2
24 negative regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032715 9.85 TNF TLR9 TLR4 IL10
25 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032755 9.85 TNF TLR9 TLR4 TLR2 IL6
26 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0046427 9.83 TNF IL6 IL10
27 positive regulation of interleukin-12 production GO:0032735 9.83 TLR9 TLR4 TLR2
28 positive regulation of interferon-beta production GO:0032728 9.82 TLR9 TLR4 TLR2
29 positive regulation of interleukin-10 production GO:0032733 9.8 TLR9 TLR4 TLR2
30 positive regulation of interleukin-8 secretion GO:2000484 9.79 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
31 positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process GO:0051770 9.79 TLR9 TLR4 TLR2
32 positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process GO:0045416 9.77 TNF TLR9 TLR4
33 I-kappaB phosphorylation GO:0007252 9.77 TLR9 TLR4 TLR2
34 toll-like receptor signaling pathway GO:0002224 9.77 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1
35 negative regulation of lipid storage GO:0010888 9.75 TNF IL6 CRP
36 regulation of cytokine secretion GO:0050707 9.73 TLR9 TLR5 TLR2 TLR1
37 macrophage activation GO:0042116 9.72 TLR4 TLR1
38 cellular response to lipoteichoic acid GO:0071223 9.72 TLR4 TLR2
39 positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process GO:0045348 9.72 TLR4 IL10
40 negative regulation of interleukin-8 production GO:0032717 9.71 TLR9 IL10
41 endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:0072577 9.71 TNF IL10
42 positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process GO:0045359 9.71 TLR9 TLR4
43 response to molecule of bacterial origin GO:0002237 9.71 TLR9 TLR2 IL10 CXCL8
44 negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response GO:0002740 9.7 TNF IL10
45 positive regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway GO:0034123 9.7 TLR9 TLR5 TLR2
46 positive regulation of interleukin-18 production GO:0032741 9.69 TLR9 TLR2
47 tumor necrosis factor production GO:0032640 9.68 TLR9 TLR2
48 toll-like receptor TLR1:TLR2 signaling pathway GO:0038123 9.68 TLR2 TLR1
49 cellular response to triacyl bacterial lipopeptide GO:0071727 9.67 TLR2 TLR1
50 receptor biosynthetic process GO:0032800 9.66 TNF IL10

Molecular functions related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 signaling receptor activity GO:0038023 9.71 TLR4 TLR2 TLR1 CCR6
2 transmembrane signaling receptor activity GO:0004888 9.62 TLR9 TLR5 TLR4 TLR1
3 signaling pattern recognition receptor activity GO:0008329 9.43 TLR9 TLR2
4 lipopeptide binding GO:0071723 9.37 TLR2 TLR1
5 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.35 TNF THPO IL6 IL10 CXCL8
6 lipopolysaccharide binding GO:0001530 9.33 TLR4 TLR2 LTF
7 lipopolysaccharide receptor activity GO:0001875 9.26 TLR4 TLR2
8 growth factor activity GO:0008083 9.02 THPO IL6 IL10 HBEGF EGF
Sources

Sources for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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