Home
User Guide
What's in a MalaCard Search Guide Our Sources
Analysis Tools
GeneCards GeneAnalytics GeneAlaCart PathCards VarElect
News and Views Disease Lists/Categories
About
About MalaCards Datasets Our Publications Weizmann Institute LifeMap Discovery® Terms of Use MalaCards Team
NEC
MCID: PRN019
MIFTS: 60

Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

Categories: Fetal diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

Name: Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis 12 15
Necrotizing Enterocolitis 12 20 58 15 17 71
Enterocolitis, Necrotizing 20 44
Enterocolitis Necrotizing 12 54
Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Fetus or Newborn 12
Pseudomembranous Enterocolitis in Newborn 12
Perinatal Necrotising Enterocolitis 12
Nec 20

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

58
necrotizing enterocolitis
Prevalence: 1-5/10000 (Worldwide); Age of onset: Neonatal; Age of death: infantile;

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Fetal diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32 33
Orphanet: 58  
Rare gastroenterological diseases


Sources

Summaries for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section
GARD : 20 Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a condition characterized by variable injury or damage to the intestinal tract, causing death of intestinal tissue. The condition most often occurs in premature newborns, but it may also occur in term or near-term babies. Signs and symptoms may include abdominal distension, bloody stools, vomiting bile-stained fluid, and pneumatosis intestinalis (gas in the bowel wall) identified on abdominal x-ray. Affected infants occasionally have temperature instability, lethargy, or other findings of sepsis. The exact cause of NEC is unknown. Treatment involves stopping feedings, passing a small tube into the stomach to relieve gas, and giving intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Surgery may be needed if there is perforated or necrotic (dead) bowel tissue. About 60-80% of affected newborns survive the condition.

MalaCards based summary : Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis, also known as necrotizing enterocolitis, is related to enterocolitis and intestinal perforation. An important gene associated with Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis is FABP2 (Fatty Acid Binding Protein 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Dexamethasone acetate and Dexamethasone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include breast, neutrophil and kidney, and related phenotypes are premature birth and hyponatremia

Sources

Related Diseases for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

Diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 882)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 enterocolitis 32.3 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 HBEGF FABP2
2 intestinal perforation 31.7 TNF TLR4 IL6 FABP2 CRP
3 ileus 31.1 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CRP
4 human cytomegalovirus infection 31.0 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
5 disseminated intravascular coagulation 30.9 TNF IL6 IL10 CRP
6 urinary tract infection 30.9 TLR4 CRP
7 liver disease 30.9 TNF THPO IL6 IL1B CXCL8
8 compartment syndrome 30.8 TNF IL6 CRP
9 exudative vitreoretinopathy 1 30.8 TNF OCLN IL6 IL1B CXCL8
10 asphyxia neonatorum 30.8 IL6 IL1B CRP
11 deficiency anemia 30.8 TNF THPO LTF IL6 CRP
12 gastroenteritis 30.8 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CRP
13 peritonitis 30.7 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
14 fasciitis 30.7 TNF IL6 CXCL8
15 chorioamnionitis 30.7 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
16 clostridium difficile colitis 30.7 LTF IL1B CRP CCR6
17 cerebral palsy 30.6 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
18 vasculitis 30.6 TNF LTF IL6 CRP
19 necrotizing fasciitis 30.6 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CRP
20 pre-eclampsia 30.6 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF
21 congestive heart failure 30.6 TNF IL6 IL1B CRP
22 heart disease 30.5 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
23 milk allergy 30.5 TNF IL10 CSN1S1
24 diarrhea 30.5 TNF TLR4 OCLN IL6 IL1B IL10
25 neutropenia 30.5 TNF TLR4 THPO IL6 IL1B IL10
26 cellulitis 30.4 TNF IL6 CRP CCR6
27 appendicitis 30.4 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
28 cardiogenic shock 30.4 TNF IL6
29 thrombocytopenia 30.4 TNF TLR4 TLR2 THPO IL6 IL1B
30 food allergy 30.4 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL10 CXCL8 CSN1S1
31 meconium aspiration syndrome 30.3 TNF IL6 CXCL8
32 gastroesophageal reflux 30.3 TNF IL6 IL1B EGF CXCL8
33 cyclic neutropenia 30.3 TNF IL1B CXCL8
34 genital herpes 30.3 TLR2 IL10 CCR6
35 lung disease 30.3 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
36 mucositis 30.2 IL1B IL10 EGF
37 respiratory failure 30.2 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
38 portal hypertension 30.2 TNF TLR4 THPO CXCL8
39 disease by infectious agent 30.2 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
40 pertussis 30.2 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
41 proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1 30.1 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
42 diphtheria 30.1 TNF IL1B HBEGF EGF
43 peptic esophagitis 30.1 TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
44 funisitis 30.1 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CRP
45 cow milk allergy 30.1 IL10 CSN1S1
46 toxic shock syndrome 30.1 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
47 acute cystitis 30.1 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
48 myocarditis 30.1 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10
49 pulmonary hypertension 30.1 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
50 bone resorption disease 30.1 TNF IL6 IL1B CRP CCR6

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:



Diseases related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

Human phenotypes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

58 31 (show all 29)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 premature birth 58 31 hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%) HP:0001622
2 hyponatremia 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0002902
3 neutropenia 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001875
4 small for gestational age 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001518
5 abdominal distention 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0003270
6 leukocytosis 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0001974
7 food intolerance 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0012537
8 bloody diarrhea 58 31 frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%) HP:0025085
9 hypotension 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002615
10 vomiting 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002013
11 ascites 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001541
12 thrombocytopenia 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001873
13 increased serum lactate 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002151
14 apnea 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002104
15 lethargy 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001254
16 metabolic acidosis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001942
17 abnormal heart morphology 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001627
18 gastroschisis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001543
19 edema 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0000969
20 peritonitis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0002586
21 hyperglycemia 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0003074
22 disseminated intravascular coagulation 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0005521
23 temperature instability 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0005968
24 bradycardia 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0001662
25 neonatal sepsis 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0040187
26 shock 58 31 occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%) HP:0031273
27 diarrhea 58 Frequent (79-30%)
28 acidosis 58 Occasional (29-5%)
29 abnormal glucose homeostasis 58 Occasional (29-5%)

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.03 CCR6 CRP FABP2 GOT2 HBEGF IL10
2 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 9.91 EGF IL10 IL6 OCLN SIGIRR TFF3
3 immune system MP:0005387 9.83 CCR6 CRP EGF IL10 IL1B IL6
4 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.17 IL10 IL1B IL6 LTF TLR2 TLR4
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

Drugs for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 115)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 1177-87-3
2
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-02-2 5743
3
Iron Approved Phase 4 7439-89-6 23925 29936
4
Ampicillin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 69-53-4 6249
5
Zinc Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7440-66-6 32051
6
Zinc sulfate Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7733-02-0
7
Vitamin D3 Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 67-97-0 6221 5280795
8
Beta carotene Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 4 7235-40-7 5280489
9
Vitamin D Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 1406-16-2
10
Melatonin Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 73-31-4 896
11 Trace Elements Phase 4
12 Vitamins Phase 4
13 Micronutrients Phase 4
14 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4
15 Hormones Phase 4
16 Calcium, Dietary Phase 4
17 Carotenoids Phase 4
18 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4
19
Picolinic acid Phase 4 98-98-6 1018
20 glucocorticoids Phase 4
21 Provitamins Phase 4
22 Chelating Agents Phase 4
23 Calciferol Phase 4
24 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
25 Iron Chelating Agents Phase 4
26 Antiemetics Phase 4
27 Antioxidants Phase 4
28 Protective Agents Phase 4
29 Antibiotics, Antitubercular Phase 4
30 Anti-Bacterial Agents Phase 4
31 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4
32 Gentamicins Phase 4
33 Dermatologic Agents Phase 4
34
Calcium Nutraceutical Phase 4 7440-70-2 271
35
Midazolam Approved, Illicit Phase 3 59467-70-8 4192
36
Ursodeoxycholic acid Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 128-13-2 31401
37
Clarithromycin Approved Phase 3 81103-11-9 84029
38
Lidocaine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 3 137-58-6 3676
39
Amoxicillin Approved, Vet_approved Phase 3 26787-78-0 33613
40
Azithromycin Approved Phase 3 83905-01-5 55185 447043
41
Cysteine Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 2, Phase 3 52-90-4 5862
42
Vitamin A Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 3 68-26-8, 11103-57-4 445354
43
Lactoferrin Investigational Phase 3 151186-19-5
44 Amino-acid, glucose, and electrolyte solution Phase 2, Phase 3
45 Parenteral Nutrition Solutions Phase 2, Phase 3
46 retinol Phase 3
47 Retinol palmitate Phase 3
48
Bilirubin Phase 2, Phase 3 635-65-4 5280352
49 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
50 Pharmaceutical Solutions Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 143)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Effect of Withholding Feeds During Red Blood Cell Transfusion on Development of TRAGI in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Unknown status NCT02132819 Phase 4
2 The Effect of Co-administered β-Carotene, Vitamin D3, Zinc and Antenatal Steroid Therapy on Hyaline Membrane Disease and Feeding Intolerance in Premature Neonates Unknown status NCT03366584 Phase 4 Dexamethasone
3 Effect of Melatonin on Feeding Intolerance and Incidence of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants Completed NCT04304807 Phase 4 Melatonin 20 mg;Traditional antibiotic treatment
4 NICU Antibiotics and Outcomes Trial Recruiting NCT03997266 Phase 4 Ampicillin;Gentamycin;Normal saline
5 Oral Zinc Supplementation Improving Growth and Reducing Morbidity on Very Low Birth Weight Infant Not yet recruiting NCT04050488 Phase 4 Zinc Sulfate;Placebos
6 Role Of Saccharomyces Boulardii in Preventin Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Unknown status NCT01315821 Phase 3 Saccharomyces boulardii;Placebo
7 Effect of Cysteine Supplementation on Glutathione Production in Critically Ill Neonates Unknown status NCT00254176 Phase 2, Phase 3
8 Nosocomial Infections and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates Treated With Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Bifidobacterium Infantis in An Intensive Care Unit : A Randomized Controlled Study Completed NCT01340469 Phase 3
9 Effect of Vitamin A in the Treatment of Sepsis and Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Hospitalized Neonates Completed NCT00707785 Phase 3
10 The Use of Probiotics in the Management of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in HIV-exposed Premature and Very-low Birth Weight Infants Completed NCT01868737 Phase 3
11 Role of Probiotics for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Very Low Birth Weight Infants: A Double Blind Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT02650869 Phase 3
12 Role Of Lactobacillus Reuteri in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Completed NCT01531179 Phase 3 Lactobacillus reuteri;Placebo
13 The Efficacy of Symbiotic Preparation on Cytokines Which Act on Necrotising Enterocolitis Pathogenesis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants Completed NCT01899677 Phase 3 symbiotic
14 Ursodiol for Treating Parenteral Nutrition Associated Cholestasis in Neonates Completed NCT00846963 Phase 2, Phase 3 Ursodiol;placebo
15 Evaluation of Bowel Perfusion With Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Necrotizing Enterocolitis Recruiting NCT03549507 Phase 3 Sulfur hexafluoride lipid-type A microspheres
16 A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel-group, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of IBP-9414 in Premature Infants 500-1500g Birth Weight in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis - The Connection Study Recruiting NCT03978000 Phase 3 IBP-9414;Placebo
17 Nordic Study on Human Milk Fortification in Extremely Preterm Infants: a Randomized Controlled Trial Recruiting NCT03797157 Phase 2, Phase 3
18 Can Bovine Lactoferrin Prevent Neonatal Infections in Low Birth Weight Babies in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Recruiting NCT03431558 Phase 3 Glucon-D 99.4% (Placebo)
19 Treatment of Classic Mid-trimester Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) With Oligo/Anhydramnion Between 22/0-26/0 Week of Gestation by Means of Continuous Amnioinfusion: a Multicenter Prospectiv Randomized Trial Not yet recruiting NCT04696003 Phase 3
20 Prophylactic Probiotics for the Prevention of Sepsis and NEC in Premature Infants in Colombia. A Randomized Double-Blind, Multicenter Trial Terminated NCT00727363 Phase 3
21 Therapeutic Controlled Hypothermia in the Treatment of Neonates With Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis Unknown status NCT01330576 Phase 2
22 Prebiotics vs. Placebo in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Neonates Unknown status NCT00437567 Phase 2
23 Pentoxifylline in the Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Premature Neonates Unknown status NCT00271336 Phase 2 Pentoxifylline
24 Heat Killed Probiotics in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Premature Neonates Unknown status NCT02796703 Phase 2
25 Early Treatment Versus Delayed Conservative Treatment of the Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Preterm infants-a Multicenter Trial Completed NCT01958320 Phase 2 NSAID
26 Enteral Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Erythropoietin Early in Life Increases Feeding Tolerance in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT01441427 Phase 1, Phase 2 recombinant human G-CSF, and rhEPO;rh G-CSF;rh EPO;rh G-GSF and rh EPO together;Placebo
27 Efficacy of Enteral Administration of the Docosahexaenoic Acid on Necrotizing Enterocolitis, Cytokines and Hospital Stay in Preterm Neonates Completed NCT01745510 Phase 1, Phase 2
28 Comparison of 2 Different Indomethacin Dosing Protocols to Treat Infants Delivered at <28 Weeks Gestation With a Persistent Patent Ductus Arteriosus Completed NCT00187447 Phase 2 indomethacin (two different dosing regimens)
29 Incidence of Severe Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Newborns <1500g Using Probiotics Lactobacillus Boucardii. Completed NCT02226263 Phase 2
30 Erythropoietin Protects Very Preterm Infants Against Necrotizing Enterocolitis Completed NCT03919500 Phase 2 EPO;Normal saline
31 The Effects of Lactulose Supplementation to Enteral Feedings in Premature Infants - A Pilot Study Completed NCT00616876 Phase 2 Lactulose
32 Multiple Dose Pharmacokinetic Study of Meropenem in Young Infants (<91 Days) With Suspected or Complicated Intra-abdominal Infections Completed NCT00621192 Phase 1, Phase 2 meropenem
33 A Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel-group, Dose Escalation Placebo-controlled Multicenter Study to Investigate the Safety and Tolerability of IBP-9414 Administered in Preterm Infants. Completed NCT02472769 Phase 2 IBP-9414;Placebo
34 Antibiotic Effects on the Developing Microbiome, Metabolome and Morbidities in Preterm Neonates Completed NCT02784821 Phase 2 Antibiotic;Antibiotics - pre-emptive
35 Early Supplementation of Enteral Microlipid With and Without Fish Oil in Premature Infants With Enterostomies Completed NCT01674478 Phase 2
36 Prophylactic Probiotics to Extremely Low Birth Weight Prematures Completed NCT01603368 Phase 2
37 The Role of Lactobacillus Reuteri (L. Reuteri) in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Pre-term Infants Less Than 34 Weeks of Gestation Not yet recruiting NCT04541771 Phase 2 Lactobacillus Reuteri DSM 17938;Placebo
38 Phase 2 Study of Oral Probiotics Reduce the Incidence and Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis for Very Low Birth Weight Infants -Multi-Center Randomized Control Trial Terminated NCT00540033 Phase 2
39 An Assessment of Urinary Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein as a Early Predictor of Necrotizing Enterocolitis Withdrawn NCT01805206 Phase 2
40 Enteral Administration of a Simulated Amniotic Fluid In Preventing Feeding Intolerance And Necrotizing Enterocolitis In Very Low Birth Weight Neonates Unknown status NCT02405637 Phase 1 simulated amniotic fluid 20cc/kg/day enterally;distilled water
41 Simulated Amniotic Fluid Like Solution Enterally Administrated in Neonates Recovering From GIT Surgeries Unknown status NCT03302338 Phase 1 SAFE group;placebo group
42 Safety and Effectiveness Phase 1 Study of Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood Transfusion for the Prevention and Treatment of Prematurity Complications In Preterm Neonates Unknown status NCT02050971 Phase 1
43 A Phase Ib Randomized, Placebo Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Once Daily Dosing of STP206 in Premature Very Low Birth Weight and Extremely Low Birth Weight Neonates Completed NCT01954017 Phase 1
44 Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Dose Metronidazole in Premature Infants Completed NCT01222585 Phase 1 Metronidazole
45 Effects of Delayed Cord Clamping in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants Completed NCT00840983 Phase 1
46 The Efficacy and Mechanisms of Oral Probiotics in Preventing Necrotizing Enterocolitis Among Very Low Birth Weight Infants With Formula-feeding Unknown status NCT02552706
47 Administration of Arginine Supplementation in Preterm Infants and Measurement of Fecal Calprotectin as an Inflammatory Marker of the Intestine Unknown status NCT01336998
48 Clostridium and Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis Pathophysiology : Clinical and Molecular Approaches Unknown status NCT02444624
49 Proximal Remnant Intestinal Colonization in Newborn Infants With Enterostomy: a Longitudinal Study Unknown status NCT03340259
50 Prognostic Contribution of Abdominal Ultrasound in Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants Less Than 33SA. Unknown status NCT02872350

Search NIH Clinical Center for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: enterocolitis, necrotizing

Sources

Genetic Tests for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section
Sources

Anatomical Context for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

40
Breast, Neutrophil, Kidney, Colon, Small Intestine, Endothelial, Myeloid
Sources

Publications for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

Articles related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis:

(show top 50) (show all 7017)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Non-invasive markers for early diagnosis and determination of the severity of necrotizing enterocolitis. 61 54
20485148 2010
2
Oral lactoferrin for the prevention of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. 61 54
20464748 2010
3
A systematic review of serologic tests in the diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis. 61 54
19944232 2009
4
Heat susceptibility of interleukin-10 and other cytokines in donor human milk. 61 54
19366315 2009
5
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor is a potent dilator of terminal mesenteric arterioles. 61 54
19389413 2009
6
Can lactoferrin prevent neonatal sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis? 61 54
19485792 2009
7
Preclinical neonatal rat studies of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor in protection of the intestines from necrotizing enterocolitis. 61 54
19127210 2009
8
Oral lactoferrin for the treatment of sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates. 61 54
19160324 2009
9
Effects of sepsis on neonatal thrombopoiesis. 61 54
18552713 2008
10
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor gene disruption is associated with delayed intestinal restitution, impaired angiogenesis, and poor survival after intestinal ischemia in mice. 61 54
18558204 2008
11
Bile acids modulate tight junction structure and barrier function of Caco-2 monolayers via EGFR activation. 61 54
18239063 2008
12
Role of epidermal growth factor and other growth factors in the prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. 61 54
18346534 2008
13
Tissue distribution and plasma clearance of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) in adult and newborn rats. 54 61
16364500 2006
14
Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
16084404 2005
15
Lactoferrin-enhanced anoikis: a defense against neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. 61 54
15950395 2005
16
Epidermal growth factor and necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
15183666 2004
17
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. 54 61
14765365 2004
18
Intraluminal casein model of necrotizing enterocolitis for assessment of mucosal destruction, bacterial translocation, and the effects of allopurinol and N-acetylcysteine. 54 61
12598971 2002
19
Diminished epidermal growth factor levels in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis. 61 54
10693661 2000
20
Klebsiella pneumoniae with extended spectrum beta-lactamase activity associated with a necrotizing enterocolitis outbreak. 61 54
10571430 1999
21
Plasma intestinal fatty acid binding protein in neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: a pilot study. 54 61
10549746 1999
22
Epidermal growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptors, intestinal growth, and adaptation. 54 61
10483903 1999
23
The role of recombinant platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase in a neonatal rat model of necrotizing enterocolitis. 54 61
9396557 1997
24
Clinical applications of epidermal growth factor. 54 61
8590139 1995
25
Presence of platelet-activating factor-acetylhydrolase in milk. 61 54
8228643 1993
26
Effect of necrotizing enterocolitis on urinary epidermal growth factor levels. 61 54
2058613 1991
27
The decrease of fucosylation in intestinal epithelium is related to the development of necrotizing enterocolitis. 61
33465592 2021
28
Extrauterine growth restriction in extremely preterm infants based on the Intergrowth-21st Project Preterm Postnatal Follow-up Study growth charts and the Fenton growth charts. 61
32909099 2021
29
Perinatal outcomes after intrauterine growth restriction and umbilical artery Doppler pulsatility index of less than the fifth percentile. 61
31032682 2021
30
Pediatric Feeding Disorder in Children With Short Bowel Syndrome. 61
33003167 2021
31
The role of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in fetal neuroprotection. 61
31092073 2021
32
Screening for Retinopathy of Prematurity in Very Preterm Children: The EPIPAGE-2 Cohort Study. 61
33571987 2021
33
The US National Trend for Retinopathy of Prematurity. 61
33592666 2021
34
Lactoferrin Supplementation to Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Preterm Infants: A Meta-Analysis. 61
31529448 2021
35
A comparison of the effect of bi-level positive airway pressure and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. 61
33573450 2021
36
Perspective: The Role of Human Breast-Milk Extracellular Vesicles in Child Health and Disease. 61
32838428 2021
37
Macrolides for the prevention and treatment of feeding intolerance in preterm low birth weight infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 61
33044576 2021
38
Maternal aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation protects newborns against necrotizing enterocolitis. 61
33589625 2021
39
Activated M1 macrophages suppress c-kit expression via TNF-α-mediated upregulation of miR-222 in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis. 61
33564933 2021
40
Enteral Feeding and Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Does time of First Feeds and Rate of Advancement matter? 61
33587409 2021
41
Parenteral lipid emulsions induce unique ileal fatty acid and metabolomic profiles but do not increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs. 61
33236951 2021
42
The Risk of Necrotizing Enterocolitis following the Administration of Hyperosmolar Enteral Medications to Extremely Preterm Infants. 61
33567438 2021
43
Human placental-derived stem cell therapy ameliorates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. 61
33566727 2021
44
Renal artery Doppler compared with the cerebral placental ratio to identify fetuses at risk for adverse neonatal outcome. 61
31060397 2021
45
Predictive factors for surgical treatment in preterm neonates with necrotizing enterocolitis: a multicenter case-control study. 61
33269424 2021
46
Necrotizing Enterocolitis-like Pneumatosis Intestinalis in an Infant With COVID-19. 61
33165273 2021
47
ITGB2 (Integrin β2) Immunomodulatory Gene Variants in Premature Infants With Necrotizing Enterocolitis. 61
32925548 2021
48
Doppler ultrasound assessment of splanchnic perfusion and heart rate for the detection of necrotizing enterocolitis. 61
33580271 2021
49
Intestinal Stem Cell Development in the Neonatal Gut: Pathways Regulating Development and Relevance to Necrotizing Enterocolitis. 61
33546361 2021
50
Effect of Feeding Strategies on the Development of Fulminant Necrotizing Enterocolitis. 61
32862423 2021
Sources

Variations for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section
Sources

Expression for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section
Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis.
Sources

Pathways for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

Pathways related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 64)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Innate Immune System 65
Show member pathways
 14.08 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SIGIRR LTF IL6
2
ERK Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.85 TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF
3
Akt Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 13.46 TNF TLR4 TLR2 THPO IL6 IL1B
4
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 65
Show member pathways
 13.38 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF EGF
5
PAK Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.31 TNF THPO PLA2G7 IL6 IL1B IL10
6
Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway 36 1
Show member pathways
 13.02 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SIGIRR OCLN IL6
7
Human cytomegalovirus infection 36
Show member pathways
 12.99 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
8
Measles 36
Show member pathways
 12.89 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
9
Allograft rejection 36 1
Show member pathways
 12.87 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
10
Salmonella infection (KEGG) 36
Show member pathways
 12.82 TNF TLR4 TLR2 OCLN IL6 IL1B
11
Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.8 TNF TLR4 TLR2 SIGIRR IL6 IL1B
12
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.76 TNF TLR4 TLR2 THPO IL6 IL1B
13
Th17 cell differentiation 36
Show member pathways
 12.67 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
14
T cell receptor signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.67 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
15
JAK-STAT signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.43 THPO IL6 IL10 EGF
16
Shigellosis 36
12.42 TNF TLR4 IL1B CXCL8
17
IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.42 TNF TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
18
Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions 64
Show member pathways
 12.41 TNF IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CCR6
19
Toll Comparative Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.39 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
20
Folate Metabolism 1
Show member pathways
 12.36 TNF IL6 IL1B CRP
21
Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade 65
Show member pathways
 12.35 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 CXCL8
22
Toxoplasmosis 36
Show member pathways
 12.34 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL10
23
Proteoglycans in cancer 36
12.33 TNF TLR4 TLR2 HBEGF
24
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.33 TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 HBEGF
25
NOD-like receptor signaling pathway 36
12.32 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
26
Tuberculosis 36
12.29 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
27
Colorectal Cancer Metastasis 63
12.27 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 EGF
28
C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.26 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
29
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
12.25 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
30
Bacterial infections in CF airways 23
Show member pathways
 12.23 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
31
Spinal Cord Injury 1
12.11 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
32
Yersinia infection 36
12.11 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
33
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
12.08 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
34
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers 64
12.07 TNF THPO IL6 IL10
35
NF-kappa B signaling pathway 36
12.02 TNF TLR4 IL1B CXCL8
36
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications 36
12 TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
37
Hematopoietic cell lineage 36
11.99 TNF THPO IL6 IL1B
38
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers 64
11.97 THPO IL6 HBEGF EGF
39
Th17 Differentiation Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 11.95 TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B
40
Rheumatoid arthritis 36
11.9 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
41
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 64
11.88 TNF IL1B IL10 CCR6
42
Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway 64
11.84 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
43
Bladder cancer 36 1
11.76 HBEGF EGF CXCL8
44
Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling 1
Show member pathways
 11.76 TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
45
Th1 Differentiation Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 11.73 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
46
LPA receptor mediated events 1
11.71 IL6 HBEGF CXCL8
47
Lung fibrosis 1
11.71 TNF IL6 IL1B EGF CXCL8
48
Pertussis 36
11.68 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
49
MSP-RON Signaling 63
11.62 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
50
Photodynamic therapy-induced AP-1 survival signaling. 1
11.6 TNF IL6 HBEGF
Sources

GO Terms for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section

Cellular components related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.77 TNF THPO TFF3 PLA2G7 LTF IL6
2 cell surface GO:0009986 9.7 TNF TLR4 TLR2 LTF HBEGF GOT2
3 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.44 TNF THPO TFF3 PLA2G7 LTF IL6

Biological processes related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 53)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 signal transduction GO:0007165 10.26 TLR4 TLR2 THPO SIGIRR IL6 IL1B
2 negative regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008285 10.09 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
3 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 10.04 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
4 positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling GO:0051897 9.98 TNF THPO HBEGF EGF
5 inflammatory response GO:0006954 9.98 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
6 response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0032496 9.97 TLR4 TLR2 IL1B IL10
7 activation of MAPK activity GO:0000187 9.93 TNF TLR4 IL1B EGF
8 positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity GO:0051091 9.92 TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
9 defense response to Gram-positive bacterium GO:0050830 9.91 TNF TLR2 IL6 CRP
10 response to insulin GO:0032868 9.88 TLR2 IL10 GOT2
11 regulation of insulin secretion GO:0050796 9.87 TNF IL6 IL1B
12 negative regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032715 9.87 TNF TLR4 IL10
13 response to glucocorticoid GO:0051384 9.87 TNF IL6 IL10
14 positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling GO:1901224 9.87 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
15 positive regulation of interferon-gamma production GO:0032729 9.86 TNF TLR4 IL1B
16 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 9.86 TNF IL6 HBEGF
17 positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production GO:0032731 9.85 TNF TLR4 IL6
18 humoral immune response GO:0006959 9.85 TNF LTF IL6 CCR6
19 positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process GO:0045429 9.84 TNF TLR4 IL1B
20 acute-phase response GO:0006953 9.83 SIGIRR IL6 CRP
21 positive regulation of interleukin-10 production GO:0032733 9.82 TLR4 TLR2 IL6
22 positive regulation of JAK-STAT cascade GO:0046427 9.8 TNF IL6 IL10
23 positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 9.8 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6
24 positive regulation of inflammatory response GO:0050729 9.8 TNF TLR4 TLR2 PLA2G7 IL1B
25 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 9.8 TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
26 negative regulation of neurogenesis GO:0050768 9.77 TNF IL6 IL1B
27 positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response GO:1900017 9.77 TNF TLR4 IL6
28 positive regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032755 9.77 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B
29 positive regulation of glial cell proliferation GO:0060252 9.76 TNF IL6 IL1B
30 lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031663 9.76 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL1B
31 immune response GO:0006955 9.76 TNF TLR4 TLR2 IL6 IL1B IL10
32 positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034116 9.75 TNF IL1B IL10
33 positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response GO:0150078 9.73 TNF IL6 IL1B
34 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 9.73 TNF TLR4 TLR2 LTF IL6 IL1B
35 positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process GO:0045348 9.71 TLR4 IL10
36 negative regulation of chemokine production GO:0032682 9.71 SIGIRR IL6
37 negative regulation of lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway GO:0031665 9.71 SIGIRR LTF
38 positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production GO:2000343 9.71 TNF TLR4
39 response to molecule of bacterial origin GO:0002237 9.71 TLR2 IL10 CXCL8
40 regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier GO:1903140 9.7 TNF IL1B
41 cellular response to lipoteichoic acid GO:0071223 9.7 TLR4 TLR2
42 endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:0072577 9.69 TNF IL10
43 negative regulation of lipid storage GO:0010888 9.69 TNF IL6 CRP
44 negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response GO:0002719 9.67 TNF IL10
45 positive regulation of fever generation GO:0031622 9.67 TNF IL1B
46 negative regulation by host of viral process GO:0044793 9.66 LTF CRP
47 sequestering of triglyceride GO:0030730 9.65 TNF IL1B
48 vascular endothelial growth factor production GO:0010573 9.65 TNF IL6 IL1B
49 positive regulation of matrix metallopeptidase secretion GO:1904466 9.64 TLR4 TLR2
50 positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity GO:0060559 9.63 TNF IL1B

Molecular functions related to Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 growth factor activity GO:0008083 9.35 THPO IL6 IL10 HBEGF EGF
2 lipopolysaccharide binding GO:0001530 9.33 TLR4 TLR2 LTF
3 lipopolysaccharide receptor activity GO:0001875 9.26 TLR4 TLR2
4 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.1 TNF THPO IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
Sources

Sources for Perinatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Content
Loading form....