Periodic Limb Movement Disorder disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MalaCards based summary: Periodic Limb Movement Disorder, also known as nocturnal myoclonus syndrome, is related to restless legs syndrome and hypersomnia. An important gene associated with Periodic Limb Movement Disorder is DRD2 (Dopamine Receptor D2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Melatonin metabolism and effects and Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics. The drugs Iron and Iron Supplement have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, globus pallidus and brain, and related phenotypes are nervous system and muscle

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) is a sleep disorder where the patient moves limbs involuntarily... more...

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Related Diseases for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Diseases related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 84)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	restless legs syndrome	31.9	SLC6A3 SKOR1 HCRT DRD2 BTBD9
2	hypersomnia	30.9	HLA-DQB1 HCRT
3	idiopathic hypersomnia	30.9	HLA-DQB1 HCRT
4	narcolepsy 1	30.4	HLA-DQB1 HCRT
5	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	30.4	SLC6A3 PER2 HCRT DRD2
6	narcolepsy	30.2	SLC6A3 HLA-DQB1 HCRTR2 HCRT DRD2
7	rem sleep behavior disorder	30.1	SLC6A3 PER2 PDSS2 HCRT
8	sleep disorder	29.8	SLC6A3 PER3 PER2 PDSS2 HLA-DQB1 HCRTR2
9	delayed sleep phase disorder	29.8	PER3 PER2 HCRT
10	stiff-person syndrome	29.8	GLRB GLRA1
11	hyperekplexia	29.7	SLC6A5 SLC6A3 GLRB GLRA1
12	movement disease	11.0
13	sleep apnea	10.6
14	apnea, obstructive sleep	10.5
15	restless legs syndrome 6	10.5
16	iron metabolism disease	10.4
17	narcolepsy 2	10.3	HLA-DQB1 HCRT
18	kleine-levin hibernation syndrome	10.3	HLA-DQB1 HCRT
19	osgood-schlatter's disease	10.3	SKOR1 BTBD9
20	chronic tic disorder	10.2	DRD2 BTBD9
21	kleptomania	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
22	drug psychosis	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
23	drug-induced mental disorder	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
24	polyneuropathy	10.2
25	uremia	10.2
26	pathological gambling	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
27	lingual-facial-buccal dyskinesia	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
28	substance-induced psychosis	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
29	delusional disorder	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
30	central sleep apnea	10.2	ZNF221 HCRT
31	impulse control disorder	10.2	SLC6A3 DRD2
32	dysthymic disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT
33	striatonigral degeneration	10.1	SLC6A3 DRD2
34	opiate dependence	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT DRD2
35	withdrawal disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT DRD2
36	tic disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 DRD2 BTBD9
37	post-traumatic stress disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT DRD2
38	substance abuse	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT DRD2
39	supranuclear palsy, progressive, 1	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT DRD2
40	eating disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT DRD2
41	gilles de la tourette syndrome	10.1	SLC6A3 DRD2 BTBD9
42	articulation disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 DRD2
43	specific developmental disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 HCRT DRD2
44	oppositional defiant disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 DRD2
45	phobic disorder	10.1	SLC6A3 GLRB DRD2
46	recurrent hypersomnia	10.1	HLA-DQB1 HCRTR2 HCRT
47	melkersson-rosenthal syndrome	10.1
48	congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects	10.1
49	anxiety	10.1
50	spinal disease	10.1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.93	BTBD9 DRD2 GLRA1 GLRB HCRT HCRTR2
2	muscle	MP:0005369	9.61	DRD2 GLRA1 GLRB HCRT HCRTR2 HLA-DQB1
3	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	9.4	BTBD9 DRD2 GLRA1 GLRB HCRT HCRTR2

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Drugs for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Iron

Approved

Phase 4

7439-89-6

29936

2

Iron Supplement

Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Optimum Frequency and Timing of Oral Iron Administration for Childhood Restless Leg Syndrome/Periodic Limb Movement Disorder	Enrolling by invitation	NCT04610827	Phase 4	Ferrous sulfate
2	Periodic Limb Movement Syndrome in Patients With Cerebral Small Vessel Disease: a Clinical and Neuropsychological Study.	Unknown status	NCT04569643
3	Consequences of Post Stroke Polysomnographic Abnormalities on Functionnal Recovery and Survival After an Ischemic Stroke	Completed	NCT04816136
4	Periodic Leg Movement's Diagnosis in Spinal Cord Injury: Actigraphy as an Alternative for Polysomnography?	Recruiting	NCT04618978
5	Examining the Link Between Clinical and Physiological Sleep Data and Health-related Outcomes	Active, not recruiting	NCT03383354

Search NIH Clinical Center for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Cochrane evidence based reviews: nocturnal myoclonus syndrome

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Genetic Tests for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

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Anatomical Context for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Organs/tissues related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder:

MalaCards : Spinal Cord, Globus Pallidus, Brain, Eye, Kidney, Heart, Tongue

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Publications for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Articles related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder:

(show top 50) (show all 394)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Lamotrigine in the treatment of nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS): two case reports. ⁵³ ⁶²	Staedt J...Riederer P	8739847	1996
2	Single photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging of dopamine D2 receptors in the course of dopamine replacement therapy in patients with nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (NMS). ⁵³ ⁶²	Staedt J...Ruther E	8579804	1995
3	Nocturnal myoclonus syndrome (periodic movements in sleep) related to central dopamine D2-receptor alteration. ⁵³ ⁶²	Staedt J...Ruther E	7786913	1995
4	Sleep disorders and polysomnography findings in patients with autoimmune encephalitis. ⁶²	Erkent I...Tezer I	36454441	2022
5	Trazodone affects periodic leg movements and chin muscle tone during sleep less than selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in children. ⁶²	DelRosso LM...Ferri R	35975551	2022
6	More than sleepiness: prevalence and relevance of nonclassical symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea. ⁶²	Verbraecken J	36101923	2022
7	Intravenous iron therapy in the pediatric sleep clinic: a single institution experience. ⁶²	Ingram DG...Sharma M	35912699	2022
8	Practice recommendations for the role of physiotherapy in the management of sleep disorders: the 2022 Brazilian Sleep Association Guidelines. ⁶²	Frange C...Drager LF	36419815	2022
9	Deep Learning for Automatic Detection of Periodic Limb Movement Disorder Based on Electrocardiogram Signals. ⁶²	Urtnasan E...Lee KJ	36140550	2022
10	Restless sleep disorder, restless legs syndrome, and periodic limb movement disorder-Sleep in motion! ⁶²	DelRosso LM...Ferri R	33527761	2022
11	Large body movements on video polysomnography are associated with daytime dysfunction in children with restless sleep disorder. ⁶²	Liu WK...Simakajornboon N	35022768	2022
12	Interbeat interval-based sleep staging: work in progress toward real-time implementation. ⁶²	Garcia-Molina G...Jiang J	35297780	2022
13	Nocturnal Hypoxia and Sleep Fragmentation May Drive Neurodegenerative Processes: The Compared Effects of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement Disorder on Alzheimer's Disease Biomarkers. ⁶²	Fernandes M...Liguori C	35570484	2022
14	Periodic limb movements during sleep: a narrative review. ⁶²	Drakatos P...Rosenzweig I	34992826	2021
15	Clinical efficacy and safety of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose treatment of pediatric restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. ⁶²	DelRosso LM...Picchietti DL	34562823	2021
16	Clinical manifestations and polysomnography-based analysis in nine cases of probable sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. ⁶²	Dai Y...Cui L	33559029	2021
17	Comparative effects of psychotropic medications on sleep architecture: a retrospective review of diagnostic polysomnography sleep parameters. ⁶²	Ghossoub E...Talih F	35186202	2021
18	Nocturnal eye movements in patients with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and patients with Parkinson's disease. ⁶²	Christensen JAE...Jennum P	32860309	2021
19	Pediatric Restless Legs Syndrome. ⁶²	Silvestri R...DelRosso LM	33985655	2021
20	Artificial Neural Networks Analysis of polysomnographic and clinical features in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome (PANS): from sleep alteration to "Brain Fog". ⁶²	Gagliano A...Zuddas A	34326674	2021
21	Prevalence of sleep disorders among medical students of Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. ⁶²	Abdelmoaty Goweda R...Kalantan SA	33575230	2020
22	Prevalence of narcolepsy and other sleep disorders and frequency of diagnostic tests from 2013-2016 in insured patients actively seeking care. ⁶²	Acquavella J...Hess GP	32807293	2020
23	Overview of sleep disturbances and their management in Parkinson plus disorders. ⁶²	Bhattacharya A...Pal PK	32446010	2020
24	Sleep-Wake Disorders in Childhood. ⁶²	Licis A	32756235	2020
25	Not what it seems to be: Depression versus periodic limb movement disorder. ⁶²	Gupta R...Saini LK	33165358	2020
26	Subjective and objective features of sleep disorders in patients with acute ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke: It is not only sleep apnoea which is important. ⁶²	Pajediene E...Petrikonis K	31837521	2020
27	Retrospective Analysis of Risk Factors for Periodic Limb Movements in a Large Cohort of Insomnia and Chronic Fatigue Patients. ⁶²	Tobback E...Mariman A	31454848	2020
28	High prevalence of periodic limb movements of sleep in children with Down syndrome. ⁶²	Rosen D...Weller E	31992397	2020
29	Utility of the Sleep Disorders Inventory for Students in Clinically Referred Youth With Insomnia: Risk Identification and Relationship With Polysomnographic Measures. ⁶²	Graef DM...Byars KC	30793972	2020
30	Comorbidities in children with elevated periodic limb movement index during sleep. ⁶²	Delrosso LM...Ferri R	31555831	2020
31	Magnesium supplementation for the treatment of restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder: A systematic review. ⁶²	Marshall NS...Yee BJ	31678660	2019
32	Clinical presentation, diagnosis and polysomnographic findings in children with migraine referred to sleep clinics. ⁶²	Armoni Domany K...Simakajornboon N	31606650	2019
33	Objective measures of sleep disturbances in children with Potocki-Lupski syndrome. ⁶²	Kaplan K...Potocki L	31342617	2019
34	Can body position and sleep stages influence motor patterns in periodic limb movement disorder? ⁶²	Mutti C...Parrino L	31526968	2019
35	How does one choose the correct pharmacotherapy for a pediatric patient with restless legs syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder?: Expert Guidance. ⁶²	Dye TJ...Simakajornboon N	31177869	2019
36	Sleep and Limb Movement Characteristics of Children With Atopic Dermatitis Coincidentally Undergoing Clinical Polysomnography. ⁶²	Treister AD...Fishbein AB	31482832	2019
37	Validation of the REM sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire in the Czech population. ⁶²	Buskova J...Kemlink D	31164104	2019
38	Improvement of Parasomnias After Treatment of Restless Leg Syndrome/ Periodic Limb Movement Disorder in Children. ⁶²	Gurbani N...Simakajornboon N	31053208	2019
39	Confirmatory factor analysis of the SLEEP-50 Questionnaire in Trichotillomania (Hair-Pulling Disorder) and Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder. ⁶²	Ricketts EJ...Piacentini J	30654305	2019
40	Sleep Disorders. ⁶²	K Pavlova M...Latreille V	30292731	2019
41	Depression is differently associated with sleep measurement in obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. ⁶²	Lee TH...Chang TG	30639562	2019
42	Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale in diagnosis of narcolepsy. ⁶²	Sarkanen T...Partinen M	30476331	2019
43	Polysomnography. ⁶²	Rundo JV...Downey R	31277862	2019
44	Validation of a new data-driven automated algorithm for muscular activity detection in REM sleep behavior disorder. ⁶²	Cesari M...Sorensen HBD	30468824	2019
45	Subjective and objective assessments of sleep problems in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the effects of methylphenidate treatment. ⁶²	Chin WC...Hsu SC	30709577	2018
46	Comparison of computerized methods for rapid eye movement sleep without atonia detection. ⁶²	Cesari M...Jennum P	30011023	2018
47	Probabilistic Data-Driven Method for Limb Movement Detection during Sleep. ⁶²	Cesari M...Sorensen HBD	30440364	2018
48	Sleeping chILD: Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy and polysomnography. ⁶²	Liptzin DR...Deterding RR	29766677	2018
49	Use of Actigraphy for the Evaluation of Sleep Disorders and Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Clinical Practice Guideline. ⁶²	Smith MT...Carden KA	29991437	2018
50	Sleep disorders in the elderly: a growing challenge. ⁶²	Gulia KK...Kumar VM	29878472	2018

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Genes for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Genes related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (0 elite genes):

(show all 16)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	10.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	8579804 7786913 8739847
2	HCRT	Hypocretin Neuropeptide Precursor	Protein Coding	7.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
3	BTBD9	BTB Domain Containing 9	Protein Coding	6.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
4	HLA-DQB1	Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ Beta 1	Protein Coding	5.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
5	SKOR1	SKI Family Transcriptional Corepressor 1	Protein Coding	5.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
6	GLRA1	Glycine Receptor Alpha 1	Protein Coding	5.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
7	PDSS2	Decaprenyl Diphosphate Synthase Subunit 2	Protein Coding	5.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
8	SLC6A3	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3	Protein Coding	5.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	ZNF221	Zinc Finger Protein 221	Protein Coding	5.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	GLRB	Glycine Receptor Beta	Protein Coding	5.25	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	MIR5186	MicroRNA 5186	RNA Gene	5.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
12	HCRTR2	Hypocretin Receptor 2	Protein Coding	5.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
13	SLC6A5	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 5	Protein Coding	5.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
14	PER3	Period Circadian Regulator 3	Protein Coding	5.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
15	MIR6134	MicroRNA 6134	RNA Gene	4.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
16	PER2	Period Circadian Regulator 2	Protein Coding	4.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

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Expression for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder.

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Pathways for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Pathways related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Melatonin metabolism and effects ⁷⁴	10.65	PER3 PER2
2	Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Dopamine receptors ⁶⁶	10.32	SLC6A3 DRD2
3	Orexin and neuropeptides FF and QRFP bind to their respective receptors ⁶⁶	9.53	HCRTR2 HCRT

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GO Terms for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

Cellular components related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	plasma membrane	GO:0005887	10.21	DRD2 GLRA1 GLRB HCRTR2 SLC6A3 SLC6A5
2	plasma membrane	GO:0005886	10.21	DRD2 GLRA1 GLRB HCRTR2 SLC6A3 SLC6A5
3	presynaptic membrane	GO:0042734	9.67	SLC6A5 SLC6A3 DRD2
4	postsynaptic membrane	GO:0045211	9.63	SLC6A3 GLRB GLRA1 DRD2
5	dopaminergic synapse	GO:0098691	9.62	SLC6A3 DRD2
6	obsolete integral component of presynaptic membrane	GO:0099056	9.13	SLC6A5 SLC6A3 DRD2
7	glycinergic synapse	GO:0098690	9.1	SLC6A5 GLRB GLRA1

Biological processes related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chemical synaptic transmission	GO:0007268	10.02	SLC6A5 HCRTR2 HCRT GLRB GLRA1
2	circadian regulation of gene expression	GO:0032922	10.01	PER3 PER2 DRD2
3	acrosome reaction	GO:0007340	9.88	GLRB GLRA1
4	adult walking behavior	GO:0007628	9.88	DRD2 GLRA1 GLRB
5	response to iron ion	GO:0010039	9.87	SLC6A3 DRD2
6	neuropeptide signaling pathway	GO:0007218	9.86	GLRA1 GLRB HCRT HCRTR2
7	prepulse inhibition	GO:0060134	9.85	SLC6A3 DRD2
8	righting reflex	GO:0060013	9.81	GLRA1 GLRB
9	adenohypophysis development	GO:0021984	9.8	SLC6A3 DRD2
10	hyaloid vascular plexus regression	GO:1990384	9.78	SLC6A3 DRD2
11	dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051583	9.76	SLC6A3 DRD2
12	excitatory postsynaptic potential	GO:0060079	9.76	HCRT GLRB GLRA1 DRD2
13	negative regulation of transmission of nerve impulse	GO:0051970	9.73	HCRT GLRA1
14	feeding behavior	GO:0007631	9.67	HCRTR2 HCRT DRD2
15	nitrogen compound transport	GO:0071705	9.56	SLC6A5 SLC6A3
16	neurotransmitter uptake	GO:0001504	9.52	SLC6A5 SLC6A3
17	startle response	GO:0001964	9.35	GLRB GLRA1 DRD2
18	synaptic transmission, glycinergic	GO:0060012	9.1	SLC6A5 GLRB GLRA1

Molecular functions related to Periodic Limb Movement Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	heterocyclic compound binding	GO:1901363	9.56	SLC6A3 DRD2
2	glycine binding	GO:0016594	9.46	GLRB GLRA1
3	dopamine binding	GO:0035240	9.26	SLC6A3 DRD2
4	extracellularly glycine-gated chloride channel activity	GO:0016934	8.92	GLRB GLRA1

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Sources for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

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⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

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¹⁵ DrugBank

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¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: PRD002 MIFTS: 36	Periodic Limb Movement Disorder Categories: Mental diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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