Polyradiculoneuropathy disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: PLY020 MIFTS: 47	Polyradiculoneuropathy Categories: Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Polyradiculoneuropathy

MalaCards integrated aliases for Polyradiculoneuropathy:

Name: Polyradiculoneuropathy ¹² ⁵⁴ ⁴⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁷ ⁷⁰

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:4308

MeSH ⁴⁴ D011129

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 128078004

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001116

UMLS ⁷⁰ C0032587

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Summaries for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Disease Ontology : ¹² A peripheral nervous system disease that is characterized by the co-occurance of polyneuropahty and polyradicuopathy and is located in both the spinal nerve roots and the peripheral nerves.

MalaCards based summary : Polyradiculoneuropathy is related to guillain-barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. An important gene associated with Polyradiculoneuropathy is PMP22 (Peripheral Myelin Protein 22), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ERK Signaling and PEDF Induced Signaling. The drugs Immunoglobulins and Antibodies have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, skin and endothelial, and related phenotypes are hematopoietic system and cellular

Wikipedia : ⁷³ Polyradiculoneuropathy describes a condition in which polyneuropathy and polyradiculopathy occur... more...

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Related Diseases for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Diseases in the Polyradiculoneuropathy family:

Chronic Polyradiculoneuropathy

Diseases related to Polyradiculoneuropathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 489)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	guillain-barre syndrome	31.9	PMP22 MPZ MBP IL17A ALB
2	chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy	31.2	SH2D2A PMP22 MPZ MBP IL17A IL10
3	polyneuropathy	31.2	PMP22 MPZ MBP ALB
4	alpha/beta t-cell lymphopenia with gamma/delta t-cell expansion, severe cytomegalovirus infection, and autoimmunity	30.5	IL17A IL10 IFNG
5	hereditary neuropathies	30.5	PMP22 MPZ MBP
6	optic neuritis	30.4	MPZ MBP IL10
7	foot drop	30.3	PMP22 MPZ
8	neurosyphilis	30.3	IL17A IL10
9	myasthenia gravis	30.2	MBP IL10 IFNG
10	mononeuropathy	30.2	PMP22 MPZ ALB
11	transverse myelitis	30.1	MBP IL17A IL10
12	brucellosis	30.1	IL17A IL10 IFNG
13	chronic graft versus host disease	30.0	IL10 IFNG CCL5
14	allergic encephalomyelitis	30.0	MBP CCL5
15	exanthem	30.0	IL10 IFNG ALB
16	myelitis	29.9	TNFRSF1A MBP IL17A IL10
17	severe acute respiratory syndrome	29.9	IL10 IFNG CCL5
18	meningoencephalitis	29.9	MBP IL10 CCL5 ALB
19	neuritis	29.9	PMP22 MPZ MBP IL10 IFNG CCL5
20	hypertrophic neuropathy of dejerine-sottas	29.9	PMP22 MPZ MBP
21	thyroiditis	29.9	IL17A IL10 IFNG
22	chickenpox	29.8	IL10 IFNG ALB
23	metachromatic leukodystrophy	29.8	MPZ MBP ALB
24	hepatitis a	29.8	IL10 IFNG ALB
25	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	29.8	TNFRSF1A MBP IL10 IFNG ALB
26	chorioretinitis	29.7	IL17A IL10 IFNG
27	chlamydia	29.6	IL17A IL10 IFNG
28	radiculopathy	29.6	IL17A IL10 CCL5 CCL4
29	cholangitis, primary sclerosing	29.6	IL17A IL10 ALB
30	acute disseminated encephalomyelitis	29.6	MPZ MBP IL10 CCL4
31	hashimoto thyroiditis	29.5	IL17A IL10 IFNG
32	encephalitis	29.5	IL10 CXCR4 CCL5 CCL4
33	dengue disease	29.5	IL10 IFNG CCL5 CCL4
34	dermatitis	29.5	IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5
35	viral hepatitis	29.4	TNFRSF1A IL10 IFNG ALB
36	bacterial infectious disease	29.4	IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL4
37	crohn's disease	29.3	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG ALB
38	relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis	29.3	TNFRSF1A MBP IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5
39	type 1 diabetes mellitus	29.3	IL17A IL10 IFNG ALB
40	autoimmune disease	29.3	TNFRSF1A MBP IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5
41	nervous system disease	29.3	MBP IL17A IL10 IFNG ALB
42	lung disease	29.2	IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5 ALB
43	meningitis	29.2	IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5 CCL4 ALB
44	dermatitis, atopic	29.1	IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5 CCL4
45	uveitis	29.1	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL4
46	psoriasis	29.0	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5
47	peripheral nervous system disease	28.9	PMP22 MPZ MBP IL17A IL10 IFNG
48	demyelinating disease	28.8	TNFRSF1A PMP22 MPZ MBP IL17A IL10
49	myeloma, multiple	28.8	IL10 CXCR4 CXCL12 ALB
50	secondary progressive multiple sclerosis	28.8	MBP IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL21 ALB

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Polyradiculoneuropathy:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Polyradiculoneuropathy

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Polyradiculoneuropathy:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.07	CCL19 CCL21 CCL5 CXCL12 CXCR4 GATA2
2	cellular	MP:0005384	10.02	ALB CXCL12 CXCR4 GATA2 IFNG IL10
3	immune system	MP:0005387	9.97	ALB CCL19 CCL21 CCL5 CXCL12 CXCR4
4	muscle	MP:0005369	9.5	ALB CXCL12 CXCR4 IFNG IL10 PMP22
5	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.28	CXCL12 CXCR4 GATA2 IFNG IL10 MBP

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Drugs for Polyradiculoneuropathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 61)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Immunoglobulins

Phase 4

Antibodies

Phase 4

Immunoglobulins, Intravenous

Phase 4

Immunologic Factors

Phase 4

gamma-Globulins

Phase 4

Rho(D) Immune Globulin

Phase 4

Immunoglobulin G

Phase 4

Prednisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

53-03-2

5865

Glycine

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 3

56-40-6

750

Fingolimod Hydrochloride

Phase 3

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3

Hormones

Phase 3

glucocorticoids

Phase 3

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 3

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 3

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 2, Phase 3

Interferon beta-1a

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

145258-61-3

6438354

Cytarabine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

147-94-4

6253

Carmustine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

154-93-8

2578

Etoposide

Approved

Phase 2

33419-42-0

36462

Melphalan

Approved

Phase 2

148-82-3

4053 460612

Mechlorethamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

51-75-2

4033

rituximab

Approved

Phase 2

174722-31-7

10201696

Folic acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 2

59-30-3

6037

Biotin

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

58-85-5

171548

Phenylalanine

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 2

63-91-2

6140

Cortisone

Experimental

Phase 2

53-06-5

222786

Rozanolixizumab

Investigational

Phase 2

1584645-37-3

Adjuvants, Immunologic

Phase 2

interferons

Phase 2

Interferon-beta

Phase 2

Vitamin B9

Phase 2

Nutrients

Phase 2

Trace Elements

Phase 2

Vitamin B Complex

Phase 2

Vitamins

Phase 2

Folate

Phase 2

Micronutrients

Phase 2

Vitamin B7

Phase 2

Alpha-lipoic Acid

Phase 2

Antioxidants

Phase 2

Protective Agents

Phase 2

Thioctic Acid

Phase 2

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 2

Antiviral Agents

Phase 2

Thymoglobulin

Phase 2

Tubulin Modulators

Phase 2

Etoposide phosphate

Phase 2

Keratolytic Agents

Phase 2

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 65)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Treatment With Gamunex 10% Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) for Patients With Demyelination and Diabetes Mellitus: A Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT02372149	Phase 4	10% intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg);0.9% sodium chloride
2	Randomized Study of Single vs. Multiple Privigen Dose Regimens in Pediatric CIDP	Recruiting	NCT03684018	Phase 4
3	Randomized, Parallel Study of Subcutaneous Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Treatment-naïve Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy	Recruiting	NCT04589299	Phase 4
4	An Open-Label Trial of Alemtuzumab in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIPD)	Withdrawn	NCT01757574	Phase 4	Alemtuzumab infusion
5	Prospective, Open-Label, Phase IIIb Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Panzyga® in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Administered at Standard and High Infusion Rates	Unknown status	NCT03166527	Phase 3	Immune Globulin 10% Intravenous Solution
6	Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Intravenous Immune Globulin for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy	Completed	NCT00004772	Phase 3	Immune globulin
7	Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of IGIV-Chromatography (IGIV-C), 10% Treatment in Subjects With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy	Completed	NCT00220740	Phase 3	Immune Globulin IV (Human), 10% Caprylate/Chromatography Purified;Albumin (Human) 25%, United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
8	An International, Multicentre, Efficacy and Safety Study of I10E in Initial and Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy.	Completed	NCT02293460	Phase 3	I10E
9	Phase III Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of 3,4-Diaminopyridine for Demyelinating Polyneuropathy	Completed	NCT00004939	Phase 3	,4-diaminopyridine
10	Phase III Multicenter Double Blind Controlled Trial of Human Immune Globulin Therapy in Previously Untreated Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy	Completed	NCT00004286	Phase 3	immune globulin
11	Multicenter, Open-label Extension Study to Investigate the Long-term Safety and Efficacy of IgPro20 in Maintenance Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) in Subjects Completing Study IgPro20_3003	Completed	NCT02027701	Phase 3
12	Randomized, Multicenter, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Phase III Study to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of 2 Different Doses of IgPro20 (Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin) for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) - the PATH Study	Completed	NCT01545076	Phase 3
13	A Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Fingolimod 0.5 mg Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)	Completed	NCT01625182	Phase 3	Fingolimod;Placebo Comparator
14	NPB-01(Intravenous Immunoglobulin) Maintenance Therapy for Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy.	Completed	NCT01824251	Phase 3	NPB-01
15	A Single-arm Study to Demonstrate the Efficacy and Safety of Privigen in the Treatment of Subjects With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)	Completed	NCT01184846	Phase 3
16	Multicentre Randomized Open-label Trial to Compare Efficacy and Tolerance of Corticosteroids and IVIg in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy on a One Year Follow up	Completed	NCT01349270	Phase 3	Immunoglobulin perfusion;Prednisone
17	Long-Term Tolerability and Safety of Immune Globulin Infusion 10% (Human) With Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (HYQVIA/HyQvia) for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)	Recruiting	NCT02955355	Phase 3
18	A Phase III Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Immune Globulin Infusion 10% (Human) With Recombinant Human Hyaluronidase (HYQVIA/HyQvia) and Immune Globulin Infusion (Human), 10% (GAMMAGARD LIQUID/KIOVIG) for the Treatment of Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)	Recruiting	NCT02549170	Phase 3
19	Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Randomised, Multicentre, Adaptive, Two-stage Phase 2/3 Study Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of Three Dosages of NewGam in CIDP Patients	Terminated	NCT01225276	Phase 2, Phase 3	NewGam 10%;Placebo;NewGam 10%;NewGam 10%
20	International, Multicentre, Efficacy and Safety Study of I10E in the Maintenance Treatment of Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy: Extension of PRISM Study I10E-1302"	Terminated	NCT02317562	Phase 3	I10E
21	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Ranging Study to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of AVONEX When Used in Subjects With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)	Completed	NCT00099489	Phase 2	Interferon Beta-1a
22	Randomised, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled Trial of Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin Treatment in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)	Completed	NCT01017159	Phase 2	Subcutaneous immunoglobulin
23	SERENDEM Study: MD1003 in Patients Suffering From Demyelinating Neuropathies, an Open Label Pilot Study	Completed	NCT02967679	Phase 2	MD1003
24	The Efficacy of High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)	Completed	NCT00001287	Phase 2	intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg)
25	Lipoic Acid for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy-A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Pilot Study	Completed	NCT00962429	Phase 2	lipoic acid
26	Non-myeloablative Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Phase II Trial	Completed	NCT00278629	Phase 2
27	A Phase 2, Multicenter, Open-label, Proof-of-concept Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of BIVV020 in Adults With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)	Recruiting	NCT04658472	Phase 2	BIVV020
28	High-Dose Immunosuppressive Therapy Using Carmustine, Etoposide, Cytarabine, and Melphalan (BEAM) + Thymoglobulin Followed by Syngeneic or Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Patients With Autoimmune Neurologic Diseases	Recruiting	NCT00716066	Phase 2	Carmustine;Cytarabine;Etoposide;Melphalan;Prednisone
29	Open-label Extension of the ARGX-113-1802 Trial to Investigate the Long-term Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Efgartigimod PH20 SC in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)	Recruiting	NCT04280718	Phase 2
30	A Phase 2 Trial to Investigate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Efgartigimod PH20 SC in Adult Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP)	Recruiting	NCT04281472	Phase 2
31	The Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Rituximab (Genetical Recombination) in Refractory Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) Patients With Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) Autoantibodies in the Exploratory Clinical Trial	Active, not recruiting	NCT03864185	Phase 2
32	A Multicenter, Randomized, Subject-Blind, Investigator-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Rozanolixizumab in Subjects With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)	Active, not recruiting	NCT03861481	Phase 2	Rozanolixizumab
33	An Open-Label Extension Study to Investigate the Long-Term Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Rozanolixizumab in Subjects With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP)	Enrolling by invitation	NCT04051944	Phase 2	Rozanolixizumab
34	Rituximab in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy: A Phase II Study	Not yet recruiting	NCT04480450	Phase 2	Rituximab
35	A Phase II Trial of High-dose Cyclophosphamide for Moderate to Severe Refractory Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy	Withdrawn	NCT01236456	Phase 2	Cyclophosphamide
36	Pilot Study of Acthar® Gel in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Neuropathy	Withdrawn	NCT02574962	Phase 2	H.P. Acthar® Gel
37	A PHASE 1, RANDOMIZED, DOUBLE-BLIND, SPONSOR-OPEN, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED, FIRST-IN-HUMAN TRIAL TO EVALUATE THE SAFETY, TOLERABILITY, AND PHARMACOKINETICS OF PF-06755347 AFTER SINGLE ASCENDING INTRAVENOUS AND SUBCUTANEOUS DOSING TO HEALTHY ADULT MALE PARTICIPANTS	Recruiting	NCT03275740	Phase 1	PF-06755347 intravenous;Placebo intravenous;PF-06755347 subcutaneous;Placebo subcutaneous
38	sCD163 & CD19 as Candidate Biomarkers in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) - A Study of sCD163 in the Cerebrospinal Fluid	Unknown status	NCT02271724
39	Exploratory Study of Predictive Markers of the Therapeutic Response in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy Treated With Intravenous Immunoglobulin	Unknown status	NCT02892890
40	Identification of the Mechanisms of Action of Intravenous Immunoglobulins in CIDP by Analysis of the Genetic Expression Profile in Blood Mononuclear Cells	Unknown status	NCT02404298		IVIg
41	Perception and Multisensory Integration in Neurological Patients Using fMRI	Unknown status	NCT01469858
42	Quantification of Nerve Stiffness in Patients With Peripheral Neuropathies	Unknown status	NCT03397303
43	A Study of Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin as Chronic Treatment for Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy	Unknown status	NCT02465359		Immune Globulin Subcutaneous (Human)
44	"Clinical Study of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment of Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy"	Completed	NCT00305266		intravenous gammaglobulin
45	MRI of the Brachial Plexus and Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy: Assessment of DTI-derived Measurements at 3.0-T	Completed	NCT03460951
46	Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Imaging of Peripheral Nerves in Patients Treated With Immunoglobulin in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy.	Completed	NCT02017769
47	Magnetic Resonance Diagnostics of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy	Completed	NCT01847937
48	Prevalence of Decreased Corneal Sensation in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy	Completed	NCT01379833
49	Effect of Resistance and Aerobic Exercise on Muscle Strength, Aerobic Capacity and Quality of Life in Patients Treated With Immunoglobulin for Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy (CIDP) or Multifocal Motor Neuropathy (MMN)	Completed	NCT02121678
50	The Influence of Immunoglobulin Dosage and Administration on Development of Hemolytic Anemia and Variation on Muscle Strength in Patients With CIDP and MMN	Completed	NCT02111590		Immunoglobulins

Search NIH Clinical Center for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Cochrane evidence based reviews: polyradiculoneuropathy

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Genetic Tests for Polyradiculoneuropathy

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Anatomical Context for Polyradiculoneuropathy

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Polyradiculoneuropathy:

⁴⁰

Spinal Cord, Skin, Endothelial, Tongue, Neutrophil, Bone, Nk Cells

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Publications for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Articles related to Polyradiculoneuropathy:

(show top 50) (show all 1620)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Recurrent polyradiculoneuropathy and PMP22 defects. ⁵⁴ ⁶¹	Wang YJ...Lin KP	16323394	2005
2	Reference values for lower limb nerve ultrasound and its diagnostic sensitivity. ⁶¹	Niu J...Liu M	33775342	2021
3	CIDP, CMT1B, or CMT1B plus CIDP? ⁶¹	Cardellini D...Fabrizi GM	33070202	2021
4	Immune-mediated neuromuscular complications of graft-versus-host disease. ⁶¹	Saw JL...Naddaf E	33651380	2021
5	Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease May Present Early With Unusual Bulbar Predominance. ⁶¹	Ghannam M...Berry BM	33646993	2021
6	[Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]. ⁶¹	Urbain F...Farge D	33773849	2021
7	Extraocular Muscle Enlargement and Proptosis Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Barkley MR...Hardy TG	33795609	2021
8	Neurofascin antibodies in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: from intrinsic genetic background to clinical manifestations. ⁶¹	Wang Z...Guan Y	33782779	2021
9	The immune response and aging in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Hagen KM...Ousman SS	33752693	2021
10	Bioactive Glass in a Rare Case of Osteomyelitis of the Heel in a Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A Case Report. ⁶¹	Iacopi E...Piaggesi A	31996063	2021
11	Reassessing IVIg therapy in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy during COVID-19: a chance to verify the need for chronic maintenance therapy. ⁶¹	Romozzi M...Luigetti M	33428052	2021
12	Dissociation of axo-glial junction in anti-neurofascin 155 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. ⁶¹	Lv H...Yuan Y	33261722	2021
13	CSF sphingomyelin: a new biomarker of demyelination in the diagnosis and management of CIDP and GBS. ⁶¹	Capodivento G...Nobbio L	33093191	2021
14	Patients who meet electrodiagnostic criteria for CIDP rarely present with a sensory predominant DSP phenotype. ⁶¹	Davalos L...Nowacek DG	33745140	2021
15	[POEMS syndrome: Diagnosis, stratification, treatments]. ⁶¹	Talbot A...Arnulf B	33678446	2021
16	Misdiagnosis and diagnostic pitfalls of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Broers MC...Jacobs BC	33657260	2021
17	Contemporary Onset Of Atypical Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy And Type 1 Diabetes In An Adolescent. ⁶¹	Silvestri F...Tromba V	33772868	2021
18	Focal chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Onset, course, and distinct features. ⁶¹	Benoit C...Viala K	33660880	2021
19	Sonographic Multifocal Cranial Nerve Enlargement in Multifocal Acquired Demyelinating Sensory and Motor Neuropathy. ⁶¹	Oka Y...Hamano T	33746164	2021
20	Early VEGF testing in inflammatory neuropathy avoids POEMS syndrome misdiagnosis and associated costs. ⁶¹	Marsh ES...Lunn MP	33106368	2021
21	High-Resolution Nerve Ultrasound Abnormalities in POEMS Syndrome-A Comparative Study. ⁶¹	Dorner M...Winter N	33572067	2021
22	Is Guillain-Barrè syndrome triggered by SARS-CoV-2? Case report and literature review. ⁶¹	Agosti E...Locatelli D	32643136	2021
23	Magnetic resonance neurography in diagnosing childhood chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Yoshii S...Fujii K	33433331	2021
24	Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: can a diagnosis be made in patients not fulfilling electrodiagnostic criteria? ⁶¹	Liberatore G...Italian CIDP Database Study Group	32959475	2021
25	Post-traumatic (and postsurgical) Guillain-Barré Syndrome: a rare, but treatable entity. ⁶¹	Grote H...Carswell C	33558381	2021
26	Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. ⁶¹	Julio PR...Appenzeller S	33383292	2021
27	Juvenile Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy Epidemiology in Sardinia, Insular Italy. ⁶¹	Sotgiu S...Nobile-Orazio E	33111308	2021
28	Changes of clinical, neurophysiological and nerve ultrasound characteristics in CIDP over time: a 3-year follow-up. ⁶¹	Fionda L...Antonini G	33638679	2021
29	Polyradiculoneuropathy induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a case series and review of the literature. ⁶¹	Okada K...Suzuki S	32909093	2021
30	Intravenous immunoglobulin and intravenous methylprednisolone as optimal induction treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: protocol of an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (OPTIC). ⁶¹	Bus SRM...OPTIC study group	33608058	2021
31	Exertional Painless Weakness: Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy in a Recreational Runner. ⁶¹	Rosario-Concepcion RA...Pagan-Rosado RD	33560029	2021
32	Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy-Diagnostic pitfalls and treatment approach. ⁶¹	Stino AM...Dyck PJB	32914902	2021
33	Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Masson-Roy J...Bourque PR	33631093	2021
34	[Distinctive Disease Entity of Neurological Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors]. ⁶¹	Seki M...Suzuki S	33361512	2021
35	Chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy (CISP): First juvenile case description. ⁶¹	Sotgiu S...Nobile-Orazio E	32651857	2021
36	Treatment Approaches for Atypical CIDP. ⁶¹	Menon D...Bril V	33790853	2021
37	Patients' experiences and perceptions of Guillain-Barré syndrome: A systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative research. ⁶¹	Laparidou D...Siriwardena AN	33534851	2021
38	Severe Headache, Paraesthesias, Facial Diplegia and Pleocytosis: A Misleading Presentation of Guillain-Barré Syndrome. ⁶¹	Belkhribchia MR...Kissani N	33585341	2021
39	Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report and Review of Management Strategies. ⁶¹	Mostel Z...McFarlane SI	33553616	2021
40	Clinical and Electrophysiological Outcome Measures of Patients With Post-Infectious Neurological Syndromes Related to COVID-19 Treated With Intensive Neurorehabilitation. ⁶¹	Avenali M...Cosentino G	33776896	2021
41	Late onset of Guillain-Barré syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection: part of 'long COVID-19 syndrome'? ⁶¹	Raahimi MM...Alareed AW	33462068	2021
42	Guillain Barré Syndrome and its variants as a manifestation of COVID-19: A systematic review of case reports and case series. ⁶¹	Sriwastava S...Lisak RP	33321326	2021
43	Encephalomyeloradiculoneuropathy Revealing a Rare Case of Intravascular Large B-Cell Lymphoma. ⁶¹	Aasfara J...Schiff D	33614346	2021
44	Elevated levels of NLRP3 inflammasome in serum of patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy are associated with disease severity. ⁶¹	Zhou ZJ...Xia P	33409826	2021
45	Genetic biomarkers for intravenous immunoglobulin response in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Kuitwaard K...Huizinga R	33460483	2021
46	Randomized trial of intravenous immunoglobulin maintenance treatment regimens in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Kuitwaard K...van Doorn PA	32876962	2021
47	Expression analysis of BDNF, BACE1 and their antisense transcripts in inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. ⁶¹	Ghafouri-Fard S...Taheri M	33160139	2021
48	Treatment response to cyclophosphamide, rituximab, and bortezomib in chronic immune-mediated sensorimotor neuropathies: a retrospective cohort study. ⁶¹	Motte J...Pitarokoili K	33747132	2021
49	Update on therapy of chronic immune-mediated neuropathies. ⁶¹	Briani C...Nobile-Orazio E	33452933	2021
50	Guillain-Barré syndrome: clinical features, treatment choices and outcomes in an Australian cohort. ⁶¹	Barnes SL...Herkes GK	31760675	2020

Sources

Genes for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Genes related to Polyradiculoneuropathy (0 elite genes):

(show all 16)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	PMP22	Peripheral Myelin Protein 22	Protein Coding	18.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	16323394
2	MPZ	Myelin Protein Zero	Protein Coding	12.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	MBP	Myelin Basic Protein	Protein Coding	12.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	11.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	IFNG	Interferon Gamma	Protein Coding	10.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	CCL19	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 19	Protein Coding	10.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	CCL5	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	10.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	IL10	Interleukin 10	Protein Coding	10.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	CCL4	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4	Protein Coding	10.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	IL17A	Interleukin 17A	Protein Coding	10.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	TNFRSF1A	TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 1A	Protein Coding	9.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	GATA2	GATA Binding Protein 2	Protein Coding	9.87	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	CCL21	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 21	Protein Coding	9.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	CXCL12	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12	Protein Coding	9.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	CXCR4	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 4	Protein Coding	9.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	SH2D2A	SH2 Domain Containing 2A	Protein Coding	7.08	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Sources

Expression for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Polyradiculoneuropathy.

Sources

Pathways for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Pathways related to Polyradiculoneuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 24)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ERK Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶³ MAPK Signaling ⁶³ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶³ Rho Family GTPases ⁶³	13.67	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5
2	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶³ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁶ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶³ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶³ IL-6 Pathway ⁶³ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶³ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶³ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶³ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶³ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶³ STAT3 Pathway ⁶³	13.53	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCR4 CXCL12
3	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶³ JNK Pathway ⁶³ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶³ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶³ SOCS Pathway ⁶³	13.37	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCR4 CXCL12
4	Akt Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶³ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶³	13.28	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁵	13.21	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG CCL5 CCL4
6	PAK Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶³ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶³	13.04	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5
7	Human cytomegalovirus infection ³⁶ Show member pathways Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection ³⁶ Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection ³⁶	12.8	TNFRSF1A CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4
8	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages ⁶³ Show member pathways Androgen Signaling ⁶³ Chemokine Signaling ⁶³ Chemokine signaling pathway ³⁶	12.76	CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
9	Allograft rejection ¹ ³⁶ Show member pathways Antigen processing and presentation ³⁶ Asthma ³⁶ Autoimmune thyroid disease ³⁶ CTL Mediated Apoptosis ⁶³ Graft-versus-host disease ³⁶ Intestinal immune network for IgA production ³⁶ THC Differentiation Pathway ⁶³ Type I diabetes mellitus ³⁶ Viral myocarditis ³⁶	12.69	IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL21
10	JAK-STAT signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways B-Cell Development ⁶³ IL-7 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁴ Interleukin-19, 20, 22, 24 ⁶⁵ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Type III interferon signaling ¹	12.28	IL10 IFNG CXCR4 CXCL12
11	Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways Cytokine Network ⁶³ Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁵ Regulation of IFNA signaling ⁶⁵	12.13	IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCL12
12	NF-kappaB Signaling ⁴	12.07	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG GATA2 CXCR4
13	Neural Crest Differentiation ¹	11.8	PMP22 MPZ MBP
14	Rheumatoid arthritis ³⁶	11.78	IL17A IFNG CXCL12 CCL5
15	LT-BetaR Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Apoptosis and survival Lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling ²³	11.69	CXCL12 CCL21 CCL19
16	Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways ⁶⁴	11.67	IL17A IL10 IFNG
17	NF-kappa B signaling pathway ³⁶	11.67	TNFRSF1A CXCL12 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
18	Th1 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL27-mediated signaling events ¹	11.63	IL17A IL10 IFNG
19	HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network ¹	11.56	GATA2 CXCR4 CXCL12
20	Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁵ Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor ³⁶	11.56	TNFRSF1A IL10 CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4
21	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁵	11.24	TNFRSF1A IL10 CCL5 CCL4 CCL19
22	IL-15 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL-2 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁴	11.23	TNFRSF1A IL10 IFNG CCL4
23	Syndecan-4-mediated signaling events ¹	11.2	CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5
24	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²³	10.9	IL17A IL10 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4 CCL21

Sources

GO Terms for Polyradiculoneuropathy

Cellular components related to Polyradiculoneuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.65	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCL12 CCL5
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.32	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCL12 CCL5

Biological processes related to Polyradiculoneuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 50)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.24	TNFRSF1A SH2D2A IL10 CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5
2	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.18	CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
3	positive regulation of GTPase activity	GO:0043547	10	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
4	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.99	TNFRSF1A IL17A IL10 CCL5 CCL4 CCL19
5	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.98	TNFRSF1A IL17A CXCR4 CCL5 CCL4 CCL21
6	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.95	IL17A CCL5 CCL4 CCL21
7	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.94	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
8	cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	GO:0071356	9.89	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
9	cellular calcium ion homeostasis	GO:0006874	9.87	CXCL12 CCL5 CCL19
10	neuron migration	GO:0001764	9.87	GATA2 CXCR4 CXCL12
11	cellular response to interferon-gamma	GO:0071346	9.87	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
12	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032755	9.85	MBP IL17A IFNG
13	response to toxic substance	GO:0009636	9.85	MBP CCL5 CCL4
14	positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production	GO:0032760	9.84	IL17A IFNG CCL19
15	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.84	TNFRSF1A IFNG CCL5
16	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	9.84	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
17	positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta production	GO:0032731	9.8	IL17A IFNG CCL19
18	monocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002548	9.8	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
19	cell chemotaxis	GO:0060326	9.8	CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL21 CCL19
20	positive regulation of interleukin-12 production	GO:0032735	9.79	IL17A IFNG CCL19
21	cell maturation	GO:0048469	9.77	GATA2 CCL21 CCL19
22	cellular response to interleukin-1	GO:0071347	9.77	IL17A CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
23	lymphocyte chemotaxis	GO:0048247	9.76	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
24	positive regulation of chemotaxis	GO:0050921	9.73	CXCR4 CCL21 CCL19
25	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	9.73	CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
26	eosinophil chemotaxis	GO:0048245	9.72	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21
27	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.72	CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
28	cellular response to chemokine	GO:1990869	9.71	CXCL12 CCL21
29	detection of temperature stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	GO:0050965	9.71	CXCR4 CXCL12
30	positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis	GO:0010820	9.7	CCL5 CCL21
31	positive regulation of T cell migration	GO:2000406	9.7	CXCL12 CCL5 CCL21
32	detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception of pain	GO:0050966	9.69	CXCR4 CXCL12
33	positive regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:2000273	9.69	IL10 IFNG
34	negative regulation by host of viral transcription	GO:0043922	9.68	CCL5 CCL4
35	immunological synapse formation	GO:0001771	9.68	CCL21 CCL19
36	positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	GO:0045348	9.67	IL10 IFNG
37	negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	GO:0034115	9.67	MBP IL10
38	response to prostaglandin E	GO:0034695	9.66	CCL21 CCL19
39	establishment of T cell polarity	GO:0001768	9.65	CCL21 CCL19
40	positive regulation of dendritic cell antigen processing and presentation	GO:0002606	9.65	CCL21 CCL19
41	negative regulation of dendritic cell apoptotic process	GO:2000669	9.65	CXCL12 CCL21 CCL19
42	positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis	GO:2000503	9.64	CCL5 CCL4
43	telencephalon cell migration	GO:0022029	9.63	CXCR4 CXCL12
44	positive regulation of interleukin-23 production	GO:0032747	9.62	IL17A IFNG
45	negative regulation of leukocyte tethering or rolling	GO:1903237	9.62	CXCL12 CCL21
46	positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process	GO:0010560	9.61	CCL21 CCL19
47	response to ultrasound	GO:1990478	9.58	CXCR4 CXCL12
48	dendritic cell chemotaxis	GO:0002407	9.46	CXCR4 CCL5 CCL21 CCL19
49	response to virus	GO:0009615	9.43	IFNG CXCR4 CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4 CCL19
50	immune response	GO:0006955	9.32	MBP IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCR4 CXCL12

Molecular functions related to Polyradiculoneuropathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	CCR chemokine receptor binding	GO:0048020	9.56	CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
2	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.55	CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4 CCL21 CCL19
3	CCR5 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031730	9.4	CCL5 CCL4
4	CCR1 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031726	9.37	CCL5 CCL4
5	CCR7 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031732	9.32	CCL21 CCL19
6	chemokine receptor binding	GO:0042379	9.26	CXCL12 CCL5 CCL21 CCL19
7	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.23	IL17A IL10 IFNG CXCL12 CCL5 CCL4

Sources

Sources for Polyradiculoneuropathy

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GARD

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ Tocris

⁷⁰ UMLS

⁷¹ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷² UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷³ Wikipedia