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MCID: PST021
MIFTS: 50

Postpartum Depression

Categories: Mental diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Postpartum Depression

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Postpartum Depression:

Name: Postpartum Depression 12 42 15 17
Depression, Postpartum 44 70
Postnatal Depression 12 15
Maternity Blues 12 70
Post-Partum Depression 73
Depression Postpartum 54

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:9478
MeSH 44 D019052
NCIt 50 C92852
SNOMED-CT 67 58703003
ICD10 32 F53.0
UMLS 70 C0221074 C3251820
Sources

Summaries for Postpartum Depression

About this section
MedlinePlus : 42 Many women have the baby blues after childbirth. If you have the baby blues, you may have mood swings, feel sad, anxious or overwhelmed, have crying spells, lose your appetite, or have trouble sleeping. The baby blues most often go away within a few days or a week. The symptoms are not severe and do not need treatment. The symptoms of postpartum depression last longer and are more severe. You may also feel hopeless and worthless and lose interest in the baby. You may have thoughts of hurting yourself or the baby. Very rarely, new mothers develop something even more serious. They may have hallucinations or try to hurt themselves or the baby. They need to get treatment right away, often in the hospital. Postpartum depression can begin anytime within the first year after childbirth. The cause is unknown. Hormonal and physical changes after birth and the stress of caring for a new baby may play a role. Women who have had depression are at higher risk. If you think you have postpartum depression, tell your health care provider. Medicines, including antidepressants, and talk therapy can help you get well. Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health

MalaCards based summary : Postpartum Depression, also known as depression, postpartum, is related to depression and mood disorder, and has symptoms including mental and behavioral signs and symptoms and pelvic pain. An important gene associated with Postpartum Depression is CRH (Corticotropin Releasing Hormone), and among its related pathways/superpathways are cAMP signaling pathway and Serotonergic synapse. The drugs Ethinyl Estradiol and Copper have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, amygdala and skin, and related phenotypes are behavior/neurological and endocrine/exocrine gland

Disease Ontology : 12 An endogenous depression that involves intense, sustained and sometimes disabling depression experienced by women after giving birth.

Wikipedia : 73 Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of mood disorder associated... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Postpartum Depression

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Diseases related to Postpartum Depression via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 277)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 depression 31.5 SLC6A4 PRL NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A CRH
2 mood disorder 30.6 SLC6A4 NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A CRH COMT
3 pain agnosia 30.5 PNOC OXT HTR1A CRH COMT BDNF
4 chronic pain 30.5 PNOC COMT
5 eating disorder 30.4 SLC6A4 OXTR CRH COMT BDNF
6 adjustment disorder 30.3 SLC6A4 OXT HTR1A CRH BDNF
7 mental depression 30.2 SLC6A4 OXTR OXT NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A
8 bipolar i disorder 30.2 SLC6A4 HTR1A COMT BDNF
9 hypochondriasis 30.2 SLC6A4 OXT HTR1A BDNF
10 bipolar disorder 30.0 SLC6A4 PRL NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A CRH
11 sudden infant death syndrome 30.0 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A BDNF
12 bulimia nervosa 30.0 SLC6A4 OXT MAOA COMT BDNF
13 sexual disorder 30.0 SLC6A4 PRL OXT HTR1A BDNF
14 schizoaffective disorder 30.0 SLC6A4 PRL HTR1A COMT BDNF
15 sleep disorder 29.9 SLC6A4 PRL HTR1A CRH COMT BDNF
16 restless legs syndrome 29.9 SLC6A4 PRL MAOA COMT
17 conduct disorder 29.9 SLC6A4 OXTR MAOA COMT
18 substance abuse 29.9 SLC6A4 PRL MAOA HTR1A CRH COMT
19 trigeminal neuralgia 29.8 SLC6A4 LOC110806262 ESR1 BDNF
20 somatoform disorder 29.8 SLC6A4 LOC110806262 CRH COMT BDNF
21 acute stress disorder 29.8 SLC6A4 OXT NR3C1 HTR1A CRH BDNF
22 neurotic disorder 29.8 SLC6A4 OXT MAOA HTR1A COMT BDNF
23 leiomyoma 29.8 OXTR ESR1 COMT
24 generalized anxiety disorder 29.8 SLC6A4 NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A COMT BDNF
25 post-traumatic stress disorder 29.8 SLC6A4 OXTR NR3C1 MAOA ESR1 CRH
26 dysthymic disorder 29.8 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A CRH COMT BDNF
27 fragile x syndrome 29.7 SLC6A4 OXT MAOA LOC110806262 BDNF
28 atypical depressive disorder 29.7 SLC6A4 NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A CRH BDNF
29 alcohol use disorder 29.7 SLC6A4 HTR1A CRH COMT BDNF
30 psychotic disorder 29.6 SLC6A4 PRL OXT MAOA HTR1A COMT
31 alexithymia 29.6 SLC6A4 OXTR OXT LOC110806262 HTR1A COMT
32 panic disorder 29.5 SLC6A4 PRL MAOA HTR1A CRH COMT
33 alcohol dependence 29.5 SLC6A4 PNOC MAOA HTR1A CRH COMT
34 personality disorder 29.4 SLC6A4 PRL OXTR NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A
35 anxiety 29.3 SLC6A4 PRL PNOC OXTR OXT NR3C1
36 obsessive-compulsive disorder 29.3 SLC6A4 PRL OXTR OXT MAOA HTR1A
37 major depressive disorder 29.2 SLC6A4 PRL OXTR OXT NR3C2 NR3C1
38 chronic fatigue syndrome 29.1 SLC6A4 NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A CRH COMT
39 anorexia nervosa 29.1 SLC6A4 PRL OXT MAOA HTR1A CRH
40 attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder 29.0 SLC6A4 PRL OXT NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A
41 social phobia 29.0 SLC6A4 PRL OXT MAOA LOC110806262 HTR1A
42 endogenous depression 28.9 TTC9B SLC6A4 PRL OXTR OXT NR3C1
43 osteoporosis 28.9 PRL OXT NR3C1 HSD11B1 ESR1 COMT
44 borderline personality disorder 28.8 SLC6A4 PRL OXTR NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A
45 autism 28.6 SLC6A4 PRL OXTR OXT NR3C2 MAOA
46 migraine with or without aura 1 28.6 SLC6A4 PRL PNOC OXT MAOA HTR1A
47 disease of mental health 28.6 SLC6A4 PRL PNOC OXTR OXT NR3C2
48 autism spectrum disorder 28.5 SLC6A4 OXTR OXT NR3C2 NR3C1 MAOA
49 body mass index quantitative trait locus 11 28.2 OXT NR3C2 NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A HSD11B1
50 schizophrenia 28.1 SLC6A4 PRL PNOC OXTR OXT NR3C1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Postpartum Depression:



Diseases related to Postpartum Depression
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Postpartum Depression

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UMLS symptoms related to Postpartum Depression:


mental and behavioral signs and symptoms; pelvic pain

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Postpartum Depression:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.22 BDNF COMT CRH ESR1 HMCN1 HSD11B1
2 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10 BDNF COMT CRH ESR1 HSD11B1 NR3C1
3 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10 BDNF COMT CRH ESR1 HP1BP3 HSD11B1
4 integument MP:0010771 9.7 BDNF CRH ESR1 HSD11B1 NR3C1 OXT
5 nervous system MP:0003631 9.47 BDNF COMT CRH ESR1 HMCN1 HSD11B1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Postpartum Depression

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Drugs for Postpartum Depression (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 140)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Ethinyl Estradiol Approved Phase 4 57-63-6 5991
2
Copper Approved, Investigational Phase 4 7440-50-8 27099
3
Norethindrone Approved Phase 4 68-22-4 6230
4
Citalopram Approved Phase 4 59729-33-8 2771
5
Ropivacaine Approved Phase 4 84057-95-4 71273 175805
6
Calcium carbonate Approved, Investigational Phase 4 471-34-1
7
Medroxyprogesterone acetate Approved, Investigational Phase 4 71-58-9
8
Tramadol Approved, Investigational Phase 4 27203-92-5 33741
9
Hydromorphone Approved, Illicit Phase 4 466-99-9 5284570
10
Morphine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 57-27-2 5288826
11
Ketamine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 6740-88-1 3821
12
Sertraline Approved Phase 4 79617-96-2 68617
13
Polyestradiol phosphate Approved Phase 4 28014-46-2
14
Estradiol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-28-2 5757
15
Dexetimide Withdrawn Phase 4 21888-98-2
16 Copper Supplement Phase 4
17 Spermatocidal Agents Phase 4
18 Norethindrone Acetate Phase 4
19 Anesthetics, Local Phase 4
20 Contraceptive Agents Phase 4
21 Contraceptives, Oral Phase 4
22 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4
23 Antacids Phase 4
24 Anti-Ulcer Agents Phase 4
25
Medroxyprogesterone Phase 4 520-85-4 10631
26 Contraceptive Agents, Male Phase 4
27 Anesthetics Phase 4
28 Analgesics, Opioid Phase 4
29 Anesthetics, Intravenous Phase 4
30 Anesthetics, General Phase 4
31 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Phase 4
32 Anesthetics, Dissociative Phase 4
33 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 4
34 Antidepressive Agents Phase 4
35 Psychotropic Drugs Phase 4
36 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors Phase 4
37 Hormones Phase 4
38 Estrogens Phase 4
39 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4
40 Estradiol 3-benzoate Phase 4
41 Estradiol 17 beta-cypionate Phase 4
42
Serotonin Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 4 50-67-9 5202
43
Celecoxib Approved, Investigational Phase 3 169590-42-5 2662
44
Dopamine Approved Phase 3 62-31-7, 51-61-6 681
45
Norepinephrine Approved Phase 3 51-41-2 439260
46
Aripiprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 3 129722-12-9 60795
47
Fentanyl Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2, Phase 3 437-38-7 3345
48
Remifentanil Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 132875-61-7 60815
49
Meperidine Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 57-42-1 4058
50
Nitrous oxide Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2, Phase 3 10024-97-2 948

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 287)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Oral Contraceptive Ethinyl Estradiol Dose Effect on Postpartum Depression and Sexual Functioning Scales Unknown status NCT02210702 Phase 4 Ethinyl Estradiol 35mcg/Norethindrone 1mg;Ethinyl Estradiol 20mcg/Norethindrone 1mg
2 Escitalopram for the Treatment of Postpartum Depression Completed NCT00833469 Phase 4 Escitalopram
3 Calcium for the Prevention of Postpartum Depression Completed NCT00228033 Phase 4 Elemental calcium (as carbonate)
4 Effect of Timing of Postpartum Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Administration on Breastfeeding Continuation, Contraceptive Continuation, and Postpartum Depression: a Randomized Trial Completed NCT01463202 Phase 4 Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate;Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate
5 Effects of Intraoperative Low-dose Ketamine on Incidence of Postpartum Depression in Parturients With Prenatal Depression Undergoing Cesarean Delivery: Blind Test, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial Completed NCT03336541 Phase 4 Ketamine;Placebo
6 Effect of Tramadol in Prevention of Postpartum Depression Completed NCT03309163 Phase 4 Tramadol;Hydromorphone;Ropivacaine (Epidural analgesia)
7 Postpartum Perineal Pain After Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries: A Randomized Clinical Trial Recruiting NCT03470675 Phase 4 Epidural saline + IV saline;Epidural morphine 3 mg + IV saline;Epidural morphine 3 mg + IV ketamine 0.3 mg/kg
8 Neuraxial Preservative Free Morphine for Normal Spontaneous Vaginal Delivery: A Prospective Double Blind Randomized Control Trial Recruiting NCT04017442 Phase 4 Preservative Free Morphine;Saline
9 Postpartum Depression: Transdermal Estradiol Versus Sertraline Terminated NCT00744328 Phase 4 Transdermal Estradiol;Sertraline
10 An Evaluation of Multimodal Neuroimaging Parameters in Women With Postpartum Depression Who Are Receiving ZULRESSO Withdrawn NCT04273191 Phase 4 Brexanolone
11 Outcome of Postnatal Depression Screening Using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Unknown status NCT00251342 Phase 2, Phase 3
12 Adjunctive Use of Celecoxib in the Treatment of Bipolar Postpartum Depression: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02726659 Phase 3 Celecoxib;Placebo
13 Effect of the 'Mother and Baby' Program on New Mothers' Psychological and Physical Well-Being. Completed NCT00361478 Phase 3
14 A Multicenter, Open-Label Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Brexanolone in the Treatment of Adolescent Female Subjects With Postpartum Depression Completed NCT03665038 Phase 3 Brexanolone
15 A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of SAGE-547 Injection in the Treatment of Adult Female Subjects With Severe Postpartum Depression and Adult Female Subjects With Moderate Postpartum Depression Completed NCT02942004 Phase 3 Placebo;SAGE-547 60 μg/kg/h;SAGE-547 90 μg/kg/h
16 A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of SAGE-547 Injection in the Treatment of Adult Female Subjects With Severe Postpartum Depression and Adult Female Subjects With Moderate Postpartum Depression Completed NCT02942017 Phase 3 Placebo;SAGE-547 90 μg/kg/h
17 A Randomised, Controlled Evaluation of Sertraline, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy & Combined Therapy for Postnatal Depression Completed NCT02122393 Phase 3 Sertraline
18 Identification and Therapy of Postpartum Depression Completed NCT00282776 Phase 3
19 A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Pharmacokinetics of SAGE-217 in the Treatment of Adult Female Subjects With Severe Postpartum Depression Completed NCT02978326 Phase 3 SAGE-217;Placebo
20 Augmentation Therapy of Resistant Postpartum Depression With Aripiprazole Completed NCT01386086 Phase 3 aripiprazole
21 Prevention of Recurrent Postpartum Depression Completed NCT00276900 Phase 3 Sertraline
22 A Pilot Study of Functional Outcome in Postpartum Depression in Women Treated With Desvenlafaxine Completed NCT01527786 Phase 3 Desvenlafaxine
23 Improving Health Outcomes for New Mothers and Babies Completed NCT00360204 Phase 3
24 Comparison of the Role of Epidural Analgesia Versus Non-epidural Analgesia in Postnatal Depression and Persistent Pain Development: a Randomized Controlled Trial Recruiting NCT03167905 Phase 2, Phase 3 Entonox;Meperidine;Ultiva;Fentanyl;Ropivacaine
25 A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of SAGE-217 in the Treatment of Adults With Severe Postpartum Depression Recruiting NCT04442503 Phase 3 SAGE-217;Placebo
26 Postpartum Depression After Cesarean Delivery: Ketamine as a Preventative Intervention: A Feasibility Pilot-study Recruiting NCT04227704 Phase 3 Ketamine 50 MG/ML;Control
27 A 6-week Randomised, Open Comparative, Multi-centre Study of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose (Ferinject) and Oral Iron (Duroferon) for Treatment of Post Partum Anemia Terminated NCT00929409 Phase 2, Phase 3 Ferric carboxymaltose;Ferrous sulfate tablets
28 Change Your Life With Seven Sheets of Paper: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial for Postnatal Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial for Postnatal Depression Completed NCT02532504 Phase 2
29 Depression Intervention for Financially Disadvantaged Pregnant Women. Completed NCT00601757 Phase 2
30 Efficacy of Learning Through Play Plus Intervention to Reduce Maternal Depression for Women With Under-nourished Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial From Pakistan Completed NCT01309516 Phase 2
31 Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Effects on Clinical, Cognitive and Social Performance in Postpartum Depression Completed NCT01452321 Phase 2
32 Testing the Efficacy of Intranasal Oxytocin for the Prevention of Postpartum Depression and PTSD Completed NCT02505984 Phase 2 Oxytocin;Placebo
33 Placebo Controlled Trial of Sertraline and Interpersonal Psycho-Therapy for Postpartum Depression Completed NCT00602355 Phase 2 Sertraline;Placebo
34 Evidence-based, Distance Treatment for Postpartum Depression, Mom: Managing Our Mood, Part of The Family Help Program Completed NCT00795652 Phase 2
35 Efficacy of an Exercise Intervention for the Prevention of PostPartum Depression Completed NCT00961402 Phase 2
36 An Open-Label Proof-of-Concept Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Efficacy of SAGE-547 Injection in the Treatment of Adult Female Patients With Severe Postpartum Depression Completed NCT02285504 Phase 2 SAGE-547
37 A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating The Efficacy, Safety, And Pharmacokinetics Of SAGE-547 Injection In The Treatment Of Adult Female Subjects With Severe Postpartum Depression Completed NCT02614547 Phase 2 SAGE-547;Placebo
38 A Phase 2A, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multiple-dose Escalation Study to Evaluate Safety, Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of Intravenously Administered Ganaxolone in Women With Postpartum Depression Completed NCT03228394 Phase 2 Ganaxolone;Placebo
39 A Phase 2, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Oral Administration of Ganaxolone in Women With Postpartum Depression Completed NCT03460756 Phase 2 Ganaxolone;Placebo
40 Randomized Controlled Trial of Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Perinatal Depression Completed NCT00402389 Phase 2 Omega-3 Fatty Acids (EPA plus DHA);Placebo
41 Preventing Postpartum Depression in African American Home Visiting Clients Completed NCT01175603 Phase 2
42 An Endocrine Model for Postpartum Mood Disorders Recruiting NCT00001481 Phase 2 Estradiol, Progesterone
43 Short Time Oestrogen as a Candidate Strategy to Prevent Postpartum Depression in a High-risk Group: a Randomised, Placebo-controlled Trial. Recruiting NCT04685148 Phase 1, Phase 2 Transdermal patch estradiol;Transdermal patch placebo
44 Evaluation of PK/PD, Breastmillk Transfer, and Effectiveness of Ketamine After Cesarean Delivery - Part 1 Recruiting NCT04037085 Phase 2 Ketamine
45 Characterizing the Neural Substrates of Irritability in Women: an Experimental Neuroendocrine Model Recruiting NCT04051320 Phase 2 Leuprolide Acetate 3.75 MG/ML;Estradiol 2 Mg tablet;Micronized progesterone
46 The Psychobiology of Resilience in Mother-child Pairs: Inhaled Oxytocin and HPA Axis Reactivity Enrolling by invitation NCT03593473 Phase 2 Intranasal Oxytocin;Placebo
47 Efficacy And Tolerability Of Sub-Anesthetic Ketamine In Postpartum Depression Terminated NCT04011592 Phase 2 Ketamine 0.5 mg/kg;Ketamine 0.2 mg/kg
48 The Efficacy of 17Beta-Estradiol in Postpartum-Related Depressive Illness Terminated NCT00059228 Phase 2 17beta Estradiol;Placebos
49 The Effect of the Atypical Antipsychotic Quetiapine in the Treatment of Postpartum Depressive Disorder With Psychotic Symptoms Terminated NCT00681668 Phase 2 Quetiapine
50 Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Intervention for Women With Postpartum Depression Completed NCT00942721 Phase 1

Search NIH Clinical Center for Postpartum Depression

Cochrane evidence based reviews: depression, postpartum

Sources

Genetic Tests for Postpartum Depression

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Anatomical Context for Postpartum Depression

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Postpartum Depression:

40
Brain, Amygdala, Skin, Thyroid, Pituitary, Cortex, Spinal Cord
Sources

Publications for Postpartum Depression

About this section

Articles related to Postpartum Depression:

(show top 50) (show all 6499)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Scaling Up Maternal Mental healthcare by Increasing access to Treatment (SUMMIT) through non-specialist providers and telemedicine: a study protocol for a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial. 61 42
33673867 2021
2
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms during the Beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Examination of Population Birth Data from Central New Jersey. 61 42
33492587 2021
3
The need for additional mental health support for women in the postpartum period in the times of epidemic crisis. 42 61
33557768 2021
4
Premature recommendation of corticotropin-releasing hormone as screen for postpartum depression. 54 61
19652134 2009
5
[Correlative analysis of postpartum depression]. 54 61
17611326 2007
6
Clinical controversies in screening women for thyroid disorders during pregnancy. 61 54
16647667 2006
7
Cortisol response to ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone in a model of pregnancy and parturition in euthymic women with and without a history of postpartum depression. 61 54
15546899 2005
8
[Changes and significance of orphanin and serotonin in patients with postpartum depression]. 61 54
14728841 2003
9
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. 54 61
12377295 2002
10
Thyroid peroxidase antibodies during gestation are a marker for subsequent depression postpartum. 54 61
11720875 2001
11
High-dose transdermal estrogen, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and postnatal depression. 54 61
9024283 1997
12
Direct and indirect determinants of prenatal depression among Arab-Bedouin women in Israel: The role of stressful life events and social support. 61
33667825 2021
13
Influence of infants' feeding patterns and duration on mothers' postpartum depression: A nationwide birth cohort -The Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS). 61
33667755 2021
14
Giving birth during the COVID-19 pandemic: The impact on birth satisfaction and postpartum depression. 61
33368216 2021
15
Postpartum depression and infant development up to 24 months: A nationwide population-based study. 61
33647581 2021
16
Trait mindfulness during pregnancy and perception of childbirth. 61
32901362 2021
17
Obstetric and psychosocial risk factors associated with maternity blues. 61
31185763 2021
18
Symptoms of postpartum anxiety and depression among women in Canada: findings from a national cross-sectional survey. 61
33079328 2021
19
The impact of postpartum depressive symptoms on self-reported infant health and analgesic consumption at the age of 12 months: A prospective cohort study. 61
33640540 2021
20
Feeding and Growth in Infants With Cleft Lip and/or Palate: Relationships With Maternal Distress. 61
32924577 2021
21
Is postnatal depression a distinct subtype of major depressive disorder? An exploratory study. 61
32666403 2021
22
The early postpartum period - Differences between women with and without a history of depression. 61
33588224 2021
23
Changes in infant emotion regulation following maternal cognitive behavioral therapy for postpartum depression. 61
33464686 2021
24
Clinical characteristics of bipolar disorders with postpartum depressive onset. 61
33347983 2021
25
The association between labour epidural analgesia and postpartum depressive symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study. 61
33403538 2021
26
A survey of postpartum depression and health care needs among Chinese postpartum women during the pandemic of COVID-19. 61
33781396 2021
27
Improving maternal postpartum mental health screening guidelines requires assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder. 61
32780347 2021
28
Perinatal suicidality: prevalence and correlates in a South African birth cohort. 61
33792768 2021
29
Shortening the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale using optimal test assembly methods: Development of the EPDS-Dep-5. 61
33354768 2021
30
Prenatal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates and postpartum depression: The role of neurosteroid hormone disruption. 61
33792735 2021
31
Development and validation of a machine learning-based postpartum depression prediction model: A nationwide cohort study. 61
33615617 2021
32
A prospective pilot study to assess the impact of the etonogestrel implant on postpartum depression. 61
33164593 2021
33
Psychosocial and obstetric determinants of women experiencing postpartum depression in a Southeastern region of India. 61
33607348 2021
34
Outcomes of a walking exercise intervention in postpartum women with disordered sleep. 61
33496018 2021
35
Factors associated with depression during pregnancy in women from a low socioeconomic level: A hierarchical model approach. 61
33601072 2021
36
The delivery of a placenta/fetus with high gonadal steroid production contributes to postpartum depressive symptoms. 61
33393686 2021
37
Possible prevention of post-partum depression by intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and its relationship with interleukin 6. 61
33590576 2021
38
Comprehensive intervention during pregnancy based on short message service to prevent or alleviate depression in pregnant women: A quasi-experimental study. 61
32232971 2021
39
Maternal perinatal depression and infant sleep problems at 1 year of age: Subjective and actigraphy data from a population-based birth cohort study. 61
32285520 2021
40
Psycho-educational interventions focused on maternal or infant sleep for pregnant women to prevent the onset of antenatal and postnatal depression: A systematic review. 61
33340291 2021
41
The effectiveness of telemedicine interventions, delivered exclusively during the postnatal period, on postpartum depression in mothers without history or existing mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 61
33360589 2021
42
Psychosocial risk factors for postpartum depression in Chinese women: a meta-analysis. 61
33653288 2021
43
Depressed Motherhood: Prevalence and Covariates of Maternal Postpartum Depression among Urban Mothers in India. 61
33581370 2021
44
Genome-wide gene expression changes in postpartum depression point towards an altered immune landscape. 61
33664235 2021
45
Intergenerational changes in hippocampal transcription in an animal model of maternal depression. 61
33687770 2021
46
Family function fully mediates the relationship between social support and perinatal depression in rural Southwest China. 61
33711987 2021
47
Perinatal emotional states: a comparative study between two cohorts recruited in a Mediterranean environment. 61
33213300 2021
48
Association Between Maternal Working Status and Unintentional Injuries Among 3 to 4-Month-Old Infants in Japan. 61
33411107 2021
49
"I felt like I was left on my own": A mixed-methods analysis of maternal experiences of cesarean birth and mental distress in the United States. 61
33650147 2021
50
Maternal personality and postnatal bonding disorder in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. 61
33445079 2021
Sources

Variations for Postpartum Depression

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Expression for Postpartum Depression

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Postpartum Depression.
Sources

Pathways for Postpartum Depression

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Pathways related to Postpartum Depression according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
cAMP signaling pathway 36
11.96 OXTR OXT HTR1A BDNF
2
Serotonergic synapse 36
11.71 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
3
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
11.56 SLC6A4 NR3C1 MAOA HTR1A BDNF
4
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway 65
Show member pathways
 11.53 NR3C2 NR3C1 ESR1
5
Phenylalanine metabolism 36
Show member pathways
 11.45 TPO MAOA COMT
6
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
10.88 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A
7
Neurotransmitter Clearance In The Synaptic Cleft 65
Show member pathways
 10.75 SLC6A4 MAOA COMT
8
noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation 1
Show member pathways
 10.63 MAOA COMT
9
Dopamine metabolism 1
10.58 MAOA COMT
10
Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics 60
Show member pathways
 10.29 SLC6A4 MAOA HTR1A COMT
Sources

GO Terms for Postpartum Depression

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Biological processes related to Postpartum Depression according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 25)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 signal transduction GO:0007165 10.02 PRL PNOC OXTR OXT NR3C2 NR3C1
2 response to drug GO:0042493 9.91 SLC6A4 OXTR CRH COMT
3 response to estrogen GO:0043627 9.74 ESR1 CRH COMT
4 response to estradiol GO:0032355 9.73 SLC6A4 OXTR OXT ESR1
5 positive regulation of synapse assembly GO:0051965 9.72 OXTR OXT BDNF
6 social behavior GO:0035176 9.7 SLC6A4 OXTR OXT
7 response to cocaine GO:0042220 9.67 OXTR OXT CRH
8 response to pain GO:0048265 9.62 CRH COMT
9 vasoconstriction GO:0042310 9.62 SLC6A4 HTR1A
10 catecholamine metabolic process GO:0006584 9.61 MAOA COMT
11 maternal behavior GO:0042711 9.6 OXTR OXT
12 neurotransmitter catabolic process GO:0042135 9.59 MAOA COMT
13 sleep GO:0030431 9.58 OXTR OXT
14 dopamine catabolic process GO:0042420 9.58 MAOA COMT
15 positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction GO:0070474 9.56 OXTR OXT
16 memory GO:0007613 9.56 SLC6A4 OXTR OXT BDNF
17 negative regulation of gastric acid secretion GO:0060455 9.54 OXTR OXT
18 positive regulation of penile erection GO:0060406 9.51 OXTR OXT
19 response to ether GO:0045472 9.48 OXT CRH
20 positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion GO:0010701 9.46 OXTR OXT
21 regulation of digestive system process GO:0044058 9.4 OXTR OXT
22 regulation of serotonin secretion GO:0014062 9.37 HTR1A CRH
23 intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway GO:0030518 9.33 NR3C2 NR3C1 ESR1
24 sperm ejaculation GO:0042713 9.13 SLC6A4 OXTR OXT
25 female pregnancy GO:0007565 9.1 PRL PNOC OXTR OXT CRH COMT

Molecular functions related to Postpartum Depression according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 hormone activity GO:0005179 9.5 PRL OXT CRH
2 nuclear receptor activity GO:0004879 9.33 NR3C2 NR3C1 ESR1
3 serotonin binding GO:0051378 9.26 SLC6A4 HTR1A
4 neuropeptide hormone activity GO:0005184 9.13 PNOC OXT CRH
5 steroid binding GO:0005496 8.92 NR3C2 NR3C1 HSD11B1 ESR1
Sources

Sources for Postpartum Depression

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Apr-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 Tocris
70 UMLS
71 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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