Pre-Malignant Neoplasm disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

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Aliases & Classifications for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

MalaCards integrated aliases for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm:

Name: Pre-Malignant Neoplasm ¹¹ ¹⁴

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Eye diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:0060071

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Summaries for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A disease of cellular proliferation that results in abnormal growths in the body, which do not invade or destroy the surrounding tissue but, given enough time, will transform into a cancer.

MalaCards based summary: Pre-Malignant Neoplasm is related to conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasm and breast adenomyoepithelioma. An important gene associated with Pre-Malignant Neoplasm is ERBB2 (Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Disease and GPCR Pathway. Related phenotypes are growth/size/body region and neoplasm

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Related Diseases for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Diseases in the Eye Carcinoma in Situ family:

Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Diseases related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 555)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasm	11.2
2	breast adenomyoepithelioma	10.5	KRT5 KRT14
3	nipple carcinoma	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
4	breast mucinous cystadenocarcinoma	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
5	breast fibroadenosis	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
6	bulbospinal polio	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
7	spinal polio	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
8	glycogen-rich clear cell breast carcinoma	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
9	bartholin's gland adenoma	10.5	TP53 PGR ESR1
10	bartholin's gland benign neoplasm	10.5	TP53 PGR ESR1
11	vestibular gland benign neoplasm	10.5	TP53 PGR ESR1
12	breast cystic hypersecretory carcinoma	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
13	uterine corpus adenosarcoma	10.5	PGR ESR1
14	lipid-rich breast carcinoma	10.5	PGR KRT5 ERBB2
15	adenosquamous breast carcinoma	10.5	TP53 PGR KRT5
16	scirrhous adenocarcinoma	10.5	PGR ERBB2 CDH1
17	progesterone-receptor negative breast cancer	10.5	PGR ESR1 ERBB2
18	malignant spiradenoma	10.5	TP53 KRT5 ESR1
19	mucoepidermoid esophageal carcinoma	10.5	TP53 KRT5
20	breast mucinous carcinoma	10.5	PGR KRT5 ERBB2
21	cervical adenosarcoma	10.5	TP53 PGR ESR1
22	diffuse peritoneal leiomyomatosis	10.5	PGR ESR1 CYP19A1
23	peritoneal benign neoplasm	10.5	PGR ESR1 CYP19A1
24	tonsillar pillar cancer	10.5	EGFR CDKN2A
25	adult cystic nephroma	10.5	PGR ESR1
26	ovarian serous cystadenofibroma	10.5	TP53 PGR BRCA1
27	ovarian serous adenofibroma	10.5	TP53 PGR BRCA1
28	autosomal dominant generalized epidermolysis bullosa simplex, severe form	10.5	KRT5 KRT14
29	linitis plastica	10.5	PGR ERBB2 CDH1
30	penile urethral cancer	10.5	KRT5 CDKN2A
31	glycogen-rich carcinoma	10.5	PGR KRT14 ERBB2
32	ovarian seromucinous carcinoma	10.5	PGR ESR1 CDKN2A
33	vagina leiomyosarcoma	10.5	PGR ESR1
34	breast squamous cell carcinoma	10.5	PGR KRT5 ESR1 ERBB2
35	vulva basal cell carcinoma	10.5	KRT5 ERBB2 CDKN2A
36	her2-receptor negative breast cancer	10.5	PGR ERBB2
37	gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma	10.5	TP53 ERBB2 EGFR
38	hereditary site-specific ovarian cancer syndrome	10.5	BRCA2 BRCA1
39	vulvar benign neoplasm	10.5	PGR ESR1
40	adenoid squamous cell carcinoma	10.5	TP53 KRT5 CDH1
41	breast papillary carcinoma	10.5	PGR KRT5 ESR1 ERBB2
42	ovary transitional cell carcinoma	10.5	BRCA2 BRCA1
43	hereditary breast cancer	10.5	CDH1 BRCA2 BRCA1
44	breast adenoid cystic carcinoma	10.5	PGR KRT5 ESR1 ERBB2
45	pleomorphic carcinoma	10.5	TP53 KRT5 EGFR
46	ovarian cyst	10.5	PGR ESR1 CYP19A1 BRCA1
47	good syndrome	10.5	TP53 ERBB2 EGFR
48	cystitis	10.5	TP53 EGF CDH1
49	estrogen excess	10.5	PGR ESR1 CYP19A1
50	papillary squamous carcinoma	10.5	KRT5 EGFR CDKN2A

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm:

⁴⁵ (show all 14)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.3	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGF
2	neoplasm	MP:0002006	10.26	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A EGFR ERBB2
3	normal	MP:0002873	10.21	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CYP19A1 EGF EGFR
4	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.21	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGF
5	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.18	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGF
6	limbs/digits/tail	MP:0005371	10.13	BRCA1 BRCA2 EGFR ERBB2 ESR1 KRT5
7	immune system	MP:0005387	10.13	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGF
8	muscle	MP:0005369	10.1	BRCA1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGFR ERBB2 ESR1
9	cellular	MP:0005384	10.1	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGFR
10	embryo	MP:0005380	10.06	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A EGFR ERBB2
11	pigmentation	MP:0001186	10.01	BRCA1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGFR KRT14 TP53
12	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.93	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGF
13	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.65	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGFR ERBB2
14	integument	MP:0010771	9.47	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A CYP19A1 EGF

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Search Clinical Trials, NIH Clinical Center for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

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Genetic Tests for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

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Anatomical Context for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

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Publications for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Articles related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm:

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Chemoprevention for keratinocytic (pre)cancers: balancing the risks and benefits. ⁶²	Hollestein LM...Nijsten T	22782153	2012
2	Natural selection in neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus. ⁶²	Maley CC...Reid BJ	16043360	2005
3	Assessment of cell surface glycoconjugates in normal, benign and malignant human nasal mucosa. ⁶²	Fang SY...Ohyama M	9532636	1997

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Genes for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Genes related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm (0 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 53)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	ERBB2	Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2	Protein Coding	9.11	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
2	ESR1	Estrogen Receptor 1	Protein Coding	8.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
3	PGR	Progesterone Receptor	Protein Coding	8.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
4	MIR140	MicroRNA 140	RNA Gene	7.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
5	TP53	Tumor Protein P53	Protein Coding	7.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
6	BRCA1	BRCA1 DNA Repair Associated	Protein Coding	7.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
7	KRT5	Keratin 5	Protein Coding	7.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
8	BRCA2	BRCA2 DNA Repair Associated	Protein Coding	7.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
9	EGFR	Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor	Protein Coding	7.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
10	CDH1	Cadherin 1	Protein Coding	7.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	MIR423	MicroRNA 423	RNA Gene	7.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
12	MIR139	MicroRNA 139	RNA Gene	7.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
13	CYP19A1	Cytochrome P450 Family 19 Subfamily A Member 1	Protein Coding	7.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
14	CDKN2A	Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A	Protein Coding	7.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
15	MIR181A1	MicroRNA 181a-1	RNA Gene	7.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
16	MIR342	MicroRNA 342	RNA Gene	7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
17	H2AC18	H2A Clustered Histone 18	Protein Coding	6.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
18	KRT14	Keratin 14	Protein Coding	6.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
19	SERPINA3	Serpin Family A Member 3	Protein Coding	6.9	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
20	EGF	Epidermal Growth Factor	Protein Coding	6.9	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
21	MIR29C	MicroRNA 29c	RNA Gene	6.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
22	CT45A10	Cancer/Testis Antigen Family 45 Member A10	Protein Coding	6.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
23	MIR142	MicroRNA 142	RNA Gene	6.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
24	CCND1	Cyclin D1	Protein Coding	6.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
25	MIR17	MicroRNA 17	RNA Gene	6.69	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
26	MIR30A	MicroRNA 30a	RNA Gene	6.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
27	AKT1	AKT Serine/Threonine Kinase 1	Protein Coding	6.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
28	HRAS	HRas Proto-Oncogene, GTPase	Protein Coding	6.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
29	PIK3CA	Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	6.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
30	PTEN	Phosphatase And Tensin Homolog	Protein Coding	6.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
31	MYC	MYC Proto-Oncogene, BHLH Transcription Factor	Protein Coding	6.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
32	PDPN	Podoplanin	Protein Coding	6.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
33	KRT8	Keratin 8	Protein Coding	6.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
34	CTNNB1	Catenin Beta 1	Protein Coding	6.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
35	TLR7	Toll Like Receptor 7	Protein Coding	6.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
36	MIR106B	MicroRNA 106b	RNA Gene	6.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
37	MUC1	Mucin 1, Cell Surface Associated	Protein Coding	6.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
38	VEGFA	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A	Protein Coding	6.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
39	PIP	Prolactin Induced Protein	Protein Coding	6.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
40	CD24	CD24 Molecule	Protein Coding	6.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
41	CD44	CD44 Molecule (Indian Blood Group)	Protein Coding	6.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
42	KRT17	Keratin 17	Protein Coding	6.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
43	KRT7	Keratin 7	Protein Coding	6.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
44	BCL2	BCL2 Apoptosis Regulator	Protein Coding	6.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
45	INSM1	INSM Transcriptional Repressor 1	Protein Coding	6.26	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
46	CD8A	CD8a Molecule	Protein Coding	6.25	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
47	NOTCH1	Notch Receptor 1	Protein Coding	6.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
48	GATA3	GATA Binding Protein 3	Protein Coding	6.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
49	KRAS	KRAS Proto-Oncogene, GTPase	Protein Coding	6.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
50	KRT19	Keratin 19	Protein Coding	6.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

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Variations for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

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Expression for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm.

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Pathways for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Pathways related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 34)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Disease ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Infectious disease ⁶⁶	13.68	TP53 H2AC18 ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR EGF
2	GPCR Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1 ⁶⁴ Estrogen Pathway ⁶⁴ NFAT in Immune Response ⁶⁴ P2Y Receptor Signaling ⁶⁴ Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ⁶⁴ Paxillin Interactions ⁶⁴ Ras Pathway ⁶⁴	13.64	TP53 ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR EGF CDKN2A
3	Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases ⁶⁶	12.76	PGR ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR EGF
4	Malignant pleural mesothelioma ⁷⁴	12.58	TP53 EGFR EGF CDKN2A CDH1 BRCA1
5	Endometrial cancer ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Chromosomal and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer ⁷⁴ Melanoma ⁷⁴ Non-small cell lung cancer ⁷⁴ Pancreatic adenocarcinoma pathway ⁷⁴ Signal transduction PTEN pathway ²²	12.53	TP53 ERBB2 EGFR EGF CDKN2A CDH1
6	Development EGFR signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Development ERBB-family signaling ²² EGF Pathway ⁶⁴ EGFR Signaling Pathway ⁶⁷ ErbB receptor signaling network ⁶¹	12.41	CDH1 EGF EGFR ERBB2 TP53
7	Hepatocyte growth factor receptor signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Apoptosis and survival Anti-apoptotic action of membrane-bound ESR1 ²² Apoptosis and survival NGF signaling pathway ²² Apoptosis and survival Role of CDK5 in neuronal death and survival ²² Development HGF signaling pathway ²² Development Neurotrophin family signaling ²² Drug-mediated inhibition of MET activation ⁶⁶ MET activates PTPN11 ⁶⁶ MET activates STAT3 ⁶⁶ PLC-gamma1 signalling ⁶⁶ Trk receptor signaling mediated by PI3K and PLC-gamma ⁶¹ TRKA activation by NGF ⁶⁶	12.39	TP53 ESR1 ERBB2 CDH1
8	Cell cycle Regulation of G1/S transition (part 1) ²² Show member pathways Cell cycle ESR1 regulation of G1/S transition ²² Cell cycle Role of SCF complex in cell cycle regulation ²² Immune response MIF-JAB1 signaling ²² Mitotic Roles of Polo Like Kinases ⁶⁴	12.29	PGR ESR1 CDKN2A BRCA1
9	Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR2 ²² Show member pathways Transcription CREB pathway ²² Transcription PPAR Pathway ²²	12.22	ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR EGF
10	Colorectal Cancer Metastasis ⁶⁴	12.09	TP53 EGFR EGF CDH1
11	Breast cancer pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Embryonic stem cell pluripotency pathways ⁷⁴	11.99	TP53 PGR ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR EGF
12	Signaling by ERBB4 ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Downregulation of ERBB4 signaling ⁶⁶ ErbB4 signaling events ⁶¹ Nuclear signaling by ERBB4 ⁶⁶	11.95	PGR ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR EGF
13	Integrated breast cancer pathway ⁷⁴	11.88	TP53 ESR1 EGFR CYP19A1 CDH1 BRCA2
14	DNA IR-double strand breaks and cellular response via ATM ⁷⁴ Show member pathways ATM pathway ⁶¹ DNA damage_DNA-damage-induced responses ²²	11.83	TP53 CDKN2A BRCA2 BRCA1
15	Transcriptional regulation by the AP-2 (TFAP2) family of transcription factors ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Activation of the TFAP2 (AP-2) family of transcription factors ⁶⁶ Negative regulation of activity of TFAP2 (AP-2) family transcription factors ⁶⁶ TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of cell cycle factors ⁶⁶ TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of growth factors and their receptors ⁶⁶ TFAP2 (AP-2) family regulates transcription of other transcription factors ⁶⁶ TFAP2A acts as a transcriptional repressor during retinoic acid induced cell differentiation ⁶⁶	11.78	ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR
16	BRCA1 Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Fanconi's Anaemia Pathway ⁶⁴	11.75	TP53 BRCA2 BRCA1
17	DNA IR-damage and cellular response via ATR ⁷⁴	11.73	TP53 BRCA2 BRCA1
18	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ⁶¹	11.69	TP53 KRT5 KRT14
19	Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma ⁷⁴	11.64	TP53 ERBB2 EGFR CDKN2A
20	AP-1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.63	CDKN2A ESR1 TP53
21	Regulation of Telomerase ⁶¹	11.62	ESR1 EGFR EGF
22	Validated nuclear estrogen receptor alpha network ⁶¹	11.59	PGR ESR1 BRCA1
23	Pathways affected in adenoid cystic carcinoma ⁷⁴	11.56	TP53 ERBB2 BRCA1
24	Posttranslational regulation of adherens junction stability and dissassembly ⁶¹	11.44	EGFR EGF CDH1
25	Validated transcriptional targets of deltaNp63 isoforms ⁶¹	11.43	KRT5 KRT14 CDKN2A BRCA2
26	Stabilization and expansion of the E-cadherin adherens junction ⁶¹	11.36	EGFR EGF CDH1
27	FOXM1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.28	ESR1 CDKN2A BRCA2
28	a6b1 and a6b4 Integrin signaling ⁶¹	11.27	CDH1 EGF EGFR ERBB2
29	Mammary gland development pathway - Pregnancy and lactation (Stage 3 of 4) ⁷⁴	11.13	PGR ESR1 ERBB2 EGFR
30	Bladder cancer ⁷⁴	10.7	TP53 ERBB2 EGFR EGF CDKN2A CDH1
31	Mammary gland development pathway - Puberty (Stage 2 of 4) ⁷⁴	10.67	PGR ESR1 ERBB2 EGF
32	Relationship between inflammation, COX-2 and EGFR ⁷⁴	10.64	EGFR CYP19A1
33	Mammary gland development pathway - Involution (Stage 4 of 4) ⁷⁴	10.63	TP53 CDH1
34	Aromatase Inhibitor Pathway (Breast Cell), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.17	ESR1 CYP19A1

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GO Terms for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

Cellular components related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex	GO:0000152	8.92	BRCA2 BRCA1

Biological processes related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription	GO:0045893	10.03	BRCA1 BRCA2 CDH1 CDKN2A EGF EGFR
2	cellular response to ionizing radiation	GO:0071479	9.73	TP53 BRCA2 BRCA1
3	positive regulation of gene expression	GO:0010628	9.7	TP53 PGR MIR140 ERBB2 EGF CDKN2A
4	cellular response to indole-3-methanol	GO:0071681	9.67	CDH1 BRCA1
5	positive regulation of RNA polymerase II transcription preinitiation complex assembly	GO:0045899	9.62	TP53 ESR1
6	chordate embryonic development	GO:0043009	9.61	BRCA2 BRCA1
7	negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus	GO:0033088	9.58	ERBB2 CDKN2A
8	ERBB2-EGFR signaling pathway	GO:0038134	9.1	ERBB2 EGFR EGF

Molecular functions related to Pre-Malignant Neoplasm according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mRNA base-pairing translational repressor activity	GO:1903231	8.92	MIR423 MIR342 MIR140 MIR139

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Sources for Pre-Malignant Neoplasm

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: PRM023 MIFTS: 29	Pre-Malignant Neoplasm Categories: Cancer diseases, Eye diseases, Neuronal diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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