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PAM
MCID: PRM004
MIFTS: 31

Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

Categories: Infectious diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways
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Aliases & Classifications for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis:

Name: Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis 12 52 3 15 71
Meningoencephalitis Caused by Naegleria Fowleri 52
Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis 52
Naegleria Fowleri Infection 12
Pam 52

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases
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External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0050242
UMLS 71 C0300934
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Summaries for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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CDC : 3 Naegleria fowleri (commonly referred to as the "brain-eating amoeba" or "brain-eating ameba"), is a free-living microscopic ameba*, (single-celled living organism). It can cause a rare** and devastating infection of the brain called primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). The ameba is commonly found in warm freshwater (e.g. lakes, rivers, and hot springs) and soil. Naegleria fowleri usually infects people when contaminated water enters the body through the nose. Once the ameba enters the nose, it travels to the brain where it causes PAM, which is usually fatal. Infection typically occurs when people go swimming or diving in warm freshwater places, like lakes and rivers. In very rare instances, Naegleria infections may also occur when contaminated water from other sources (such as inadequately chlorinated swimming pool water or heated and contaminated tap water) enters the nose 1-4. You cannot get infected from swallowing water contaminated with Naegleria.

MalaCards based summary : Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis, also known as meningoencephalitis caused by naegleria fowleri, is related to pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis and amoebiasis due to free-living amoebae. An important gene associated with Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis is KCNH6 (Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily H Member 6), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Thiopurine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics and Effects of Nitric Oxide. Affiliated tissues include brain, neutrophil and t cells, and related phenotype is Increased shRNA abundance.

Disease Ontology : 12 A parasitic protozoa infectious disease that involves infection of the central nervous system caused by Naegleria fowleri. The symptoms include headache, nausea, rigidity of the neck muscles, vomiting, delirium, seizures and coma.

Wikipedia : 74 Naegleriasis (also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis) is an infection of the brain by the... more...

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Related Diseases for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Diseases related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 31)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis 11.5
2 amoebiasis due to free-living amoebae 11.5
3 meningoencephalitis 11.0
4 headache 10.4
5 cholera 10.3
6 ocular motor apraxia 10.3
7 bacterial meningitis 10.2
8 encephalitis 10.2
9 systemic lupus erythematosus 10.1
10 multinucleated neurons, anhydramnios, renal dysplasia, cerebellar hypoplasia, and hydranencephaly 10.1
11 hydrocephalus 10.1
12 brain edema 10.1
13 poliomyelitis 10.1
14 lupus erythematosus 10.1
15 pneumococcal meningitis 10.1
16 granulomatous amebic encephalitis 10.0
17 viral meningitis 10.0
18 status epilepticus 10.0
19 myocarditis 10.0
20 herpes simplex 10.0
21 subacute delirium 10.0
22 diabetes insipidus 10.0
23 meningitis 10.0
24 toxoplasmosis 10.0
25 traumatic brain injury 10.0
26 hereditary xanthinuria 9.9 XDH AOX1
27 xanthinuria 9.8 XDH AOX1
28 xanthinuria, type i 9.8 XDH AOX1
29 xanthinuria, type ii 9.7 XDH AOX1
30 purine-pyrimidine metabolic disorder 9.7 XDH AOX1
31 molybdenum cofactor deficiency 9.5 XDH AOX1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis:



Diseases related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Increased shRNA abundance GR00327-A 8.8 AOX1 C9 CYP51A1
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Search Clinical Trials , NIH Clinical Center for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Genetic Tests for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Anatomical Context for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis:

40
Brain, Neutrophil, T Cells, Testes, Cortex, Colon, Lung
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Publications for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Articles related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis:

(show top 50) (show all 456)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Naegleria fowleri: Sources of infection, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management; a review. 61
31612525 2020
2
Fowlerstefin, a cysteine protease inhibitor of Naegleria fowleri, induces inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells in vitro. 61
31996242 2020
3
Is Naegleria fowleri an Emerging Parasite? 61
31744676 2020
4
Isolation of Naegleria spp. from a Brazilian Water Source. 61
32024031 2020
5
Aryl Quinazolinone Derivatives as Novel Therapeutic Agents against Brain-Eating Amoebae. 61
31961126 2020
6
Molecular detection of free-living amoebae from Namhangang (southern Han River) in Korea. 61
31942007 2020
7
A case of primary amebic meningoencephalitis caused by Naegleria fowleri in Bangladesh. 61
31734864 2020
8
Identification of Four Amoebicidal Nontoxic Compounds by a Molecular Docking Screen of Naegleria fowleri Sterol Δ8-Δ7-Isomerase and Phenotypic Assays. 61
31583882 2019
9
Repositioning of Guanabenz in Conjugation with Gold and Silver Nanoparticles against Pathogenic Amoebae Acanthamoeba castellanii and Naegleria fowleri. 61
31612700 2019
10
Nanopore sequencing improves the draft genome of the human pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri. 61
31690847 2019
11
Response and remediation actions following the detection of Naegleria fowleri in two treated drinking water distribution systems, Louisiana, 2013-2014. 61
31638028 2019
12
The Effect of Different Environmental Conditions on the Viability of Naegleria fowleri Amoebae. 61
30758106 2019
13
A comparative study of the membrane proteins from Naegleria species: A 23-kDa protein participates in the virulence of Naegleria fowleri. 61
31794894 2019
14
Oleic Acid Coated Silver Nanoparticles Showed Better in Vitro Amoebicidal Effects against Naegleria fowleri than Amphotericin B. 61
31347828 2019
15
In Vitro Activity of Statins against Naegleria fowleri. 61
31398829 2019
16
Eight-Year-Old Male With Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis. 61
31660390 2019
17
Antiparasitic Activity of Auranofin against Pathogenic Naegleria fowleri. 61
30520183 2019
18
trans-Cinnamic Acid Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles as Potent Therapeutics against Brain-Eating Amoeba Naegleria fowleri. 61
30970208 2019
19
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis: A Case Report. 61
31284352 2019
20
Isolation and Molecular Identification of Naegleria australiensis in Irrigation Water of Fuerteventura Island, Spain. 61
30941664 2019
21
Killer amoebas: Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in a changing climate. 61
31136398 2019
22
Nasal saline irrigation: a clinical update. 61
31087631 2019
23
Enzymatic and Structural Characterization of the Naegleria fowleri Glucokinase. 61
30783001 2019
24
Proposals for Amendments in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Encephalitis caused by Free-living Amoebae. 61
30961516 2019
25
A local case of fulminant primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri. 61
30961348 2019
26
Phenotypic Screens Reveal Posaconazole as a Rapidly Acting Amebicidal Combination Partner for Treatment of Primary Amoebic Meningoencephalitis. 61
30358879 2019
27
Mouse neutrophils release extracellular traps in response to Naegleria fowleri. 61
30525201 2019
28
Innovative Methodology in the Discovery of Novel Drug Targets in the Free-Living Amoebae. 61
29697029 2019
29
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in an infant. 61
31424023 2019
30
An In Vitro Model of the Blood-Brain Barrier: Naegleria fowleri Affects the Tight Junction Proteins and Activates the Microvascular Endothelial Cells. 61
29655298 2018
31
Application of untargeted metabolomics for the detection of pathogenic Naegleria fowleri in an operational drinking water distribution system. 61
30212806 2018
32
Lipids Are the Preferred Substrate of the Protist Naegleria gruberi, Relative of a Human Brain Pathogen. 61
30332635 2018
33
Preferential feeding in Naegleria fowleri; intracellular bacteria isolated from amoebae in operational drinking water distribution systems. 61
29783165 2018
34
The genome of Naegleria lovaniensis, the basis for a comparative approach to unravel pathogenicity factors of the human pathogenic amoeba N. fowleri. 61
30185166 2018
35
Enzymatic chokepoints and synergistic drug targets in the sterol biosynthesis pathway of Naegleria fowleri. 61
30212566 2018
36
Iron economy in Naegleria gruberi reflects its metabolic flexibility. 61
29738737 2018
37
A case of Naegleria fowleri related primary amoebic meningoencephalitis in China diagnosed by next-generation sequencing. 61
30055569 2018
38
Identification and molecular typing of Naegleria fowleri from a patient with primary amebic meningoencephalitis in China. 61
29751112 2018
39
Identification of cysteine protease inhibitors as new drug leads against Naegleria fowleri. 61
29551628 2018
40
Quantitative assessment of Naegleria fowleri and fecal indicator bacteria in brackish water of Lake Pontchartrain, Louisiana. 61
29220778 2018
41
Fatal case of amoebic encephalitis masquerading as herpes. 61
29744128 2018
42
The therapeutic strategies against Naegleria fowleri. 61
29501696 2018
43
Nurse's guide to primary amebic meningoencephalitis. 61
29561369 2018
44
Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis Associated With Rafting on an Artificial Whitewater River: Case Report and Environmental Investigation. 61
29401275 2018
45
Do natural spring waters in Australia and New Zealand affect health? A systematic review. 61
29424713 2018
46
Morphology and Phylogenetic Analyses of Three Novel Naegleria Isolated from Freshwaters on Jeju Island, Korea, During the Winter Period. 61
28605078 2018
47
Toll-like receptors participate in Naegleria fowleri recognition. 61
29128927 2018
48
Estimation of Undiagnosed Naegleria fowleri Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis, United States1. 61
29260676 2018
49
In Vitro Efficacy of Ebselen and BAY 11-7082 Against Naegleria fowleri. 61
29559968 2018
50
Naegleria species population found in pond water of parks in Mashhad city, Can the physicochemical factors affect it? 61
30456177 2018
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Variations for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Expression for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis.
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Pathways for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Pathways related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Thiopurine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics 60
10.39 XDH AOX1
2
Effects of Nitric Oxide 1
9.53 XDH AOX1
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GO Terms for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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Biological processes related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 electron transport chain GO:0022900 8.96 XDH AOX1
2 xanthine catabolic process GO:0009115 8.62 XDH AOX1

Molecular functions related to Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 electron transfer activity GO:0009055 9.46 XDH AOX1
2 flavin adenine dinucleotide binding GO:0050660 9.43 XDH AOX1
3 iron-sulfur cluster binding GO:0051536 9.4 XDH AOX1
4 FAD binding GO:0071949 9.37 XDH AOX1
5 iron ion binding GO:0005506 9.33 XDH CYP51A1 AOX1
6 2 iron, 2 sulfur cluster binding GO:0051537 9.32 XDH AOX1
7 aspartic-type endopeptidase activity GO:0004190 9.26 HM13 ASPRV1
8 molybdopterin cofactor binding GO:0043546 8.96 XDH AOX1
9 xanthine dehydrogenase activity GO:0004854 8.62 XDH AOX1
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Sources for Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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