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PPMS
MCID: PRM108
MIFTS: 51

Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS)

Categories: Genetic diseases, Immune diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis:

Name: Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis 12 54 6 15 17
Multiple Sclerosis, Primary Progressive 71
Primary-Progressive Ms 12
Ppms 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases
Anatomical: Immune diseases Neuronal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0050784
SNOMED-CT 67 428700003
UMLS 71 C0751964
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Summaries for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

About this section
Disease Ontology : 12 A multiple sclerosis that is characterized by steady worsening of neurologic functioning, without any distinct relapses or periods of remission. The rate of progression may vary over time, with occasional plateaus or temporary improvements, but the progression is continuous.

MalaCards based summary : Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis, also known as multiple sclerosis, primary progressive, is related to contact dermatitis and dermatitis. An important gene associated with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis is IFNB1 (Interferon Beta 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and TGF-Beta Pathway. The drugs Mitoxantrone and Interferon beta-1a have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, spinal cord and b cells, and related phenotypes are cellular and homeostasis/metabolism

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Related Diseases for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Diseases in the Multiple Sclerosis family:

Multiple Sclerosis 2 Multiple Sclerosis 3
Multiple Sclerosis 4 Multiple Sclerosis 5
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

Diseases related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 471)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 contact dermatitis 31.2 TNF IL4 IL10 ICAM1
2 dermatitis 31.2 TNF IL4 IL10 CTLA4
3 allergic encephalomyelitis 30.9 PLP1 MOG MBP
4 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis 30.9 S100B MMP9 MBP IL4 IL10 IFNB1
5 pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive 30.8 TNF MMP9 IL4 IL10
6 allergic hypersensitivity disease 30.8 VCAM1 TNF SELL ITGA4 IL4 IL10
7 mixed connective tissue disease 30.7 TNF IL10 HLA-DRB1
8 limb ischemia 30.7 TNF MMP9 ICAM1
9 rhinitis 30.7 VCAM1 TNF IL4 IL10 ICAM1
10 respiratory allergy 30.7 TNF IL4 IL10
11 leprosy 3 30.6 TNF IL4 IL10 HLA-DRB1
12 bronchitis 30.6 TNF MMP9 IL4 IL10
13 allergic contact dermatitis 30.6 TNF SELL IL4 IL10 ICAM1
14 gingivitis 30.5 TNF MMP9 IL4 IL10 ICAM1
15 poliomyelitis 30.5 TNF IL4 IL10 ICAM1
16 exanthem 30.5 TNF IL10 CTLA4
17 allergic asthma 30.4 VCAM1 ITGA4 IL4 IL10 ICAM1 CTLA4
18 nervous system disease 30.4 TNF MOG MMP9 BDNF
19 chlamydia 30.4 TNF IL4 IL10
20 acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 30.3 MOG MBP IL10 IFNB1 HLA-DRB1
21 leukoencephalopathy, hereditary diffuse, with spheroids 30.3 S100B MBP CSF1R
22 lung disease 30.3 TNF MMP9 IL4 IL10 ICAM1 BDNF
23 chickenpox 30.3 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNB1 CTLA4
24 rubella 30.2 TNF MOG IL4 IL10 IFNB1 HLA-DRB1
25 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis 30.1 TNF PLP1 MOG MMP9 MBP ITGA4
26 viral infectious disease 30.1 TNF IL7R IL4 IL10 IFNB1 ICAM1
27 myasthenia gravis 30.1 TNF PLP1 MBP IL4 IL10 CTLA4
28 lymphopenia 30.1 SELL IL7R IL4 IL10 CTLA4
29 central nervous system disease 30.0 TNF PLP1 MOG MMP9 MBP BDNF
30 aplastic anemia 30.0 VCAM1 TNF IL4 IL10 HLA-DRB1 CTLA4
31 multiple sclerosis 30.0 VCAM1 TNF PLP1 MOG MMP9 MBP
32 neuromyelitis optica 30.0 S100B MOG MBP IL7R IL4 HLA-DRB1
33 demyelinating disease 29.9 TNF PLP1 MOG MMP9 MBP ITGA4
34 neuritis 29.9 TNF MOG MMP9 MBP IL4 IL10
35 optic neuritis 29.7 VCAM1 TNF PLP1 MOG MBP IL10
36 systemic lupus erythematosus 29.6 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 IL7R IL4 IL10
37 autoimmune disease 29.5 VCAM1 TNF PLP1 MOG MMP9 MBP
38 mental retardation, x-linked, syndromic 13 12.3
39 fetal methylmercury syndrome 11.4
40 rett syndrome 11.2
41 mecp2-related severe neonatal encephalopathy 11.2
42 punctate inner choroidopathy 10.7 TNF IL10
43 juvenile myasthenia gravis 10.7 IL10 HLA-DRB1
44 autoimmune inner ear disease 10.7 TNF MMP9
45 multifocal choroiditis 10.7 TNF IL10
46 acute transverse myelitis 10.6 MMP9 IL10
47 beryllium disease 10.6 TNF HLA-DRB1
48 idiopathic neutropenia 10.6 TNF IL10 HLA-DRB1
49 palladium allergic contact dermatitis 10.6 TNF IL10
50 polyradiculoneuropathy 10.6 MBP IL10 HLA-DRB1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis:



Diseases related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis:

45 (show all 14)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cellular MP:0005384 10.41 BDNF CLEC16A CSF1R ICAM1 IL10 IL4
2 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.38 BDNF CLEC16A CSF1R CTLA4 ICAM1 IFNB1
3 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10.37 CSF1R CTLA4 ICAM1 IFNB1 IL10 IL4
4 immune system MP:0005387 10.33 CSF1R CTLA4 ICAM1 IFNB1 IL10 IL4
5 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.32 BDNF CLEC16A CSF1R ICAM1 IL10 IL4
6 mortality/aging MP:0010768 10.25 BDNF CLEC16A CSF1R CTLA4 ICAM1 IL10
7 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.22 BDNF CLEC16A CSF1R CTLA4 ICAM1 IL10
8 integument MP:0010771 10.13 BDNF CSF1R CTLA4 ICAM1 IL10 IL4
9 nervous system MP:0003631 10.1 BDNF CLEC16A CSF1R ICAM1 IFNB1 IL10
10 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.91 ICAM1 IFNB1 IL10 IL7R MMP9 SELL
11 normal MP:0002873 9.9 BDNF CLEC16A CSF1R CTLA4 IFNB1 IL10
12 no phenotypic analysis MP:0003012 9.86 BDNF CSF1R IFNB1 IL10 IL4 OMG
13 reproductive system MP:0005389 9.65 BDNF CSF1R IL10 IL4 MBP MMP9
14 vision/eye MP:0005391 9.32 BDNF CLEC16A ICAM1 IL10 IL4 MBP
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Drugs for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 157)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Mitoxantrone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 65271-80-9 4212
2
Interferon beta-1a Approved, Investigational Phase 4 145258-61-3 6438354
3
Prednisone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 53-03-2 5865
4 Potassium Channel Blockers Phase 4
5 Antiviral Agents Phase 4
6 Interferon-beta Phase 4
7 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
8 Hormones Phase 4
9 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4
10 glucocorticoids Phase 4
11 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4
12
Cetirizine Approved Phase 3 83881-51-0 2678
13
Ocrelizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 3 637334-45-3
14
Promethazine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 60-87-7 4927
15
Diphenhydramine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 58-73-1, 147-24-0 3100
16
Morphine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 57-27-2 5288826
17
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 51-45-6 774
18
Hydroxyurea Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 127-07-1 3657
19 Nabiximols Investigational Phase 3 56575-23-6
20 Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological Phase 2, Phase 3
21 Histamine Antagonists Phase 3
22 Histamine H1 Antagonists Phase 3
23
Histamine Phosphate Phase 3 51-74-1 65513
24 Fingolimod Hydrochloride Phase 3
25 Immunosuppressive Agents Phase 3
26
rituximab Approved Phase 2 174722-31-7 10201696
27
Silicon Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 7440-21-3 4082203
28
Titanium dioxide Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 13463-67-7
29
Povidone Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 9003-39-8
30
Interferon beta-1b Approved Phase 2 145155-23-3
31
Natalizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 2 189261-10-7
32
Prednisolone phosphate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2 302-25-0
33
Methylprednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2 83-43-2 6741
34
Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Approved Phase 2 2921-57-5
35
Prednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2 50-24-8 5755
36 Prednisolone acetate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2 52-21-1
37
Atorvastatin Approved Phase 2 134523-00-5 60823
38
Simvastatin Approved Phase 2 79902-63-9 54454
39
Norethindrone Approved Phase 2 68-22-4 6230
40
Hydroxychloroquine Approved Phase 2 118-42-3 3652
41
Dimethyl fumarate Approved, Investigational Phase 2 624-49-7 5271565 637568
42
Idebenone Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 58186-27-9
43
Dronabinol Approved, Illicit Phase 1, Phase 2 1972-08-3 16078
44
Glutamic acid Approved, Nutraceutical Phase 2 56-86-0 33032
45
Andrographolide Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 5508-58-7
46
Ibudilast Investigational Phase 2 50847-11-5 3671
47
Prednisolone hemisuccinate Experimental Phase 2 2920-86-7
48
BCG vaccine Investigational Phase 2
49 Andrographis Phase 1, Phase 2
50 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Phase 1, Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 92)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 A Phase IV Double Blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Crossover Study of the Effectiveness of Oral Fampridine in Improving Upper Limb Function in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT02208050 Phase 4 Fampridine;Placebo
2 Phase IV, Multicenter, Open Label, Randomized Study of Rebif® 44mcg Administered Three Times Per Week by Subcutaneous Injection Compared With no Treatment in the Therapy of Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis After Mitoxantrone Completed NCT01142466 Phase 4 Interferon beta-1a (Rebif)
3 Phase IV Study of Oral Prednisone Taper vs. Placebo Following Intravenous Steroids for the Treatment of Acute Relapses in Multiple Sclerosis Within the Ticino Cohort Terminated NCT01411514 Phase 4 Prednisone;Placebo
4 Effect of MD1003 in Chronic Visual Loss Related to Optic Neuritis in Multiple Sclerosis: a Pivotal Randomized Double Masked Placebo Controlled Study Unknown status NCT02220244 Phase 3 MD1003 100mg capsule
5 A Phase II/III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Rituximab in Adults With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT00087529 Phase 2, Phase 3 placebo;rituximab
6 A 96 Week, Prospective, Multicentre, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, 2 Parallel-groups, Phase 3 Study to Compare Efficacy and Safety of Masitinib 4.5 mg/kg/Day Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Patients With Primary Progressive or Relapse-free Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT01433497 Phase 3 Masitinib;Placebo
7 Neurophysiologic Study on Effects of Sativex® on Spasticity in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT01538225 Phase 3 Sativex®;Placebo
8 A Phase IIIb, Open-Label Study To Evaluate The Safety And Tolerability Of Shorter Infusions Of Ocrelizumab In Patients With Primary Progressive And Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT03606460 Phase 3 Ocrelizumab Dose 1;Ocrelizumab Dose 2 and Dose 3
9 A Phase IIIb Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ocrelizumab in Adults With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Recruiting NCT04035005 Phase 3 Ocrelizumab;Placebo
10 Comparing the Risk and Severity of Infusion-Related Reactions in Patients Premedicated With Cetirizine Versus Diphenhydramine Prior to Ocrelizumab Infusions Recruiting NCT04175834 Phase 3 antihistamine
11 A Prospective Study Evaluating the Effect of Ocrelizumab on Brain Innate Immune Microglial Cells Activation in Multiple Sclerosis Using PET-MRI With 18F-DPA714 Recruiting NCT03691077 Phase 3 Ocrelizumab
12 A Phase III, Multicentre, Randomized, Parallel-group, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Ocrelizumab in Adults With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Active, not recruiting NCT01194570 Phase 3 Ocrelizumab
13 An Open-Label, Multicenter, Biomarker Study to Explore the Mechanism of Action of Ocrelizumab and B-Cell Biology in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis or Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Active, not recruiting NCT02688985 Phase 3 Ocrelizumab;Methyloprednisolone;Antihistamine
14 Multi-Center, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Group Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Apitox Add-on Therapy for Improving Disability and QOL in MS Patients Not yet recruiting NCT03710655 Phase 3 Apitox - pure honeybee toxin;Placebo
15 A Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of 0.5mg Fingolimod Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and An Open-label, Single-arm Extension Study to the Double-blind, Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of0.5 mg FTY720 Administered Orally Once Daily Versus Placebo in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Terminated NCT00731692 Phase 3 FTY720;Placebo
16 Hydroxyurea in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Terminated NCT01103583 Phase 2, Phase 3 Hydroxyurea
17 Controlled, Randomized, Double-blind Clinical Trial, 24 Months Duration, to Compare the Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Andrographolide Versus Placebo in Patients With Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis Unknown status NCT02273635 Phase 1, Phase 2 Andrographolides;placebo
18 Double Blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Assess the Effects of Erythropoietin on Clinical Disability and Brain Pathology as Shown by Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Unknown status NCT01144117 Phase 2 Erythropoietin
19 Assessment of Bone Marrow-derived Cellular Therapy in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (ACTiMuS) Unknown status NCT01815632 Phase 2
20 A Multinational, Multicenter, Randomized, Double Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo Controlled Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Once Daily Oral Administration of Laquinimod (0.6 or 1.5 mg) in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) Completed NCT02284568 Phase 2 Placebo;Laquinimod;Placebo
21 A Phase 2 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability and Activity of Ibudilast (MN-166) in Subjects With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT01982942 Phase 2 ibudilast;Placebo oral capsule
22 Double Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase I/II Clinical Trial of Idebenone in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT00950248 Phase 1, Phase 2 Idebenone
23 Natalizumab Treatment of Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT01077466 Phase 2 Natalizumab
24 Cyclic Oral Methylprednisolone Trial in Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT01305837 Phase 2 methylprednisolone
25 A Phase 2a, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Activity of Oral AB1010 Administered at 2 Dose Levels to Patients With Primary Progressive or Relapse-free Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT01450488 Phase 2 masitinib;masitinib
26 Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Atorvastatin 40 mg in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Interferon-beta-1b.SWiss Atorvastatin and Interferon-Beta 1b Trial In Multiple Sclerosis. Completed NCT00942591 Phase 2 Interferon beta 1b;Atorvastatin
27 Intrathecal Rituximab in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT02545959 Phase 2 Rituximab IT;methylprednisolone IV;Rituximab IV
28 Zenapax (Daclizumab) Admin to Pts With Multiple Sclerosis (ZAP MS): Effect of Intravenously Admin Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Against the Interleukin-2 Receptor Alpha Subunit (Daclizumab) on Inflammatory Activity in the Central Nervous System Completed NCT00071838 Phase 2 Daclizumab
29 A Phase 2, Open-label, Dose-escalation Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacodynamics of Intravenously Administered MIS416 in Patients With Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT01191996 Phase 1, Phase 2
30 Synchronized TMS for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Comorbid Depressive Symptoms Completed NCT02981381 Phase 2
31 A Prospective, Multicenter, Single Arm, Open Label, Phase IIa Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Once-a-month Long-acting Intramuscular Injection of 40mg Glatiramer Acetate (GA Depot) in Subjects With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) Recruiting NCT03362294 Phase 2 GA Depot 40mg once monthly
32 A Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Estriol Treatment in Women With Multiple Sclerosis: Effect on Cognition. Recruiting NCT01466114 Phase 2 estriol;Norethindrone
33 Autologous, Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Neural Progenitor Cells (MSC-NP), Expanded Ex Vivo; Administered Intrathecally Recruiting NCT03355365 Phase 2
34 A Double-blind, Randomised, Placebo-controlled Single-site Study of High Dose Simvastatin Treatment for Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: Impact on Vascular Perfusion and Oxidative Damage Recruiting NCT03896217 Phase 2 Simvastatin
35 Open-label, Single-center, Single-arm Futility Trial Evaluating Oral Hydroxychloroquine 200mg BID for Reducing Progression of Disability in Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (PPMS) Active, not recruiting NCT02913157 Phase 2 Hydroxychloroquine
36 Dimethyl Fumarate Treatment of Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Active, not recruiting NCT02959658 Phase 2 Dimethyl Fumarate;Placebo Oral Capsule
37 Open Label Extension Trial of Idebenone for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Active, not recruiting NCT01854359 Phase 1, Phase 2 Idebenone
38 Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Vaccine In Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS) Not yet recruiting NCT03888924 Phase 2 Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine;Placebo
39 A Placebo-controlled Phase IIa Study of Orally Administered BGC20-0134/Pleneva TM (Structured Lipid) in Patients With RRMS Terminated NCT01037907 Phase 2 Pleneva TM BGC20-0134;Placebo
40 Cannabis for Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Placebo-Controlled Study Terminated NCT00260741 Phase 1, Phase 2 Smoked Cannabis
41 Cannabis for Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: A Placebo-Controlled Study Terminated NCT00682929 Phase 1, Phase 2 Inhaled Cannabis;Oral THC;Oral Placebo;Inhaled placebo
42 A Phase 1 Open-label Trial of Intrathecal Rituximab for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evidence of Leptomeningeal Enhancement Completed NCT02253264 Phase 1 Rituximab
43 Nutrition, Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) and Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) Completed NCT01381354 Phase 1
44 A Phase 1, Two-part, Open-label Dose-escalation and Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Dose-expansion Study With an Open-label Extension to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ATA188 in Subjects With Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Recruiting NCT03283826 Phase 1 Placebo
45 Double-blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial of Simvastatin Use As Adjuvant Therapy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Not yet recruiting NCT04178980 Phase 1 Simvastatin in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
46 Prognosis Value of the Neuronal Damage Detected by Positrons Emission Tomography (PET) With 11C-Flumazenil in Early Multiple Sclerosis. Unknown status NCT01651520 PET with 11C-Flumazenil
47 Imaging of Intracerebral Inflammation in the Progressive Phase of Multiple Sclerosis Unknown status NCT02305264 18F-DPA-714 and 18F-FDG
48 The Effects of an Innovative Combined Virtual Reality and Robot Assisted Gait Training on Cognitive and Walking Functions in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Control Trial Unknown status NCT02896179
49 Effects of a Game-based Virtual Reality Video Capture Training Program Plus Occupational Therapy on Manual Dexterity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: a Randomizaed Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT03186612
50 Intrathecal Methotrexate for Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Open Label Single Arm Study Unknown status NCT02644044 Early Phase 1 Intrathecal methotrexate

Search NIH Clinical Center for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Genetic Tests for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Anatomical Context for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis:

40
Brain, Spinal Cord, B Cells, T Cells, Bone, Skin, Whole Blood
Sources

Publications for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Articles related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis:

(show top 50) (show all 1032)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Interferon-beta1b treatment modulates cytokines in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. 54 61
17083335 2006
2
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis as a phenotype of a PLP1 gene mutation. 54 61
16130097 2005
3
Autoantibody synthesis in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferon beta-1b. 61 54
15645350 2004
4
Retinal thickness as a potential biomarker of neurodegeneration and a predictor of early cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis. 61
32370626 2020
5
Serum antibodies to phosphatidylcholine in MS. 61
32518205 2020
6
COVID-19 in a MS patient treated with ocrelizumab: does immunosuppression have a protective role? 61
32315980 2020
7
Eligibility and implementation of disease-modifying therapy for primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a UK cohort. 61
32353753 2020
8
Ocrelizumab initiation in patients with MS: A multicenter observational study. 61
32273482 2020
9
Risk of MS relapse after yellow fever vaccination: A self-controlled case series. 61
32358223 2020
10
A new paraplegin mutation in a patient with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. 61
32570181 2020
11
Anti-inflammatory disease-modifying treatment and disability progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a cohort study. 61
32415740 2020
12
[Ocrelizumab for treatment of multiple sclerosis]. 61
32524163 2020
13
Multiple sclerosis lesions in motor tracts from brain to cervical cord: spatial distribution and correlation with disability. 61
32572488 2020
14
Ocrelizumab for Treating Patients with Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: An Evidence Review Group Perspective of a NICE Single Technology Appraisal. 61
32048205 2020
15
Real-World Treatment of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis per MS Subtype and Associated Healthcare Resource Use: An Analysis Based on 13,333 Patients in Germany. 61
31832974 2020
16
Workplace difficulties, health-related quality of life, and perception of stigma from the perspective of patients with Multiple Sclerosis. 61
32179482 2020
17
A novel neurodegenerative spectrum disorder in patients with MLKL deficiency. 61
32358523 2020
18
Mature myelin maintenance requires Qki to coactivate PPARβ-RXRα-mediated lipid metabolism. 61
32202512 2020
19
NLRP3 inflammasome activity as biomarker for primary progressive multiple sclerosis. 61
32367013 2020
20
Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Santiago de Compostela (Spain). 61
32392359 2020
21
Video-oculography in multiple sclerosis: Links between oculomotor disorders and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). 61
32028119 2020
22
NLRP3 inflammasome as prognostic factor and therapeutic target in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients. 61
32282893 2020
23
Late-onset neutropenia in a multiple sclerosis patient after first dose ocrelizumab switched from rituximab. 61
32470856 2020
24
Exploring the Impact of Fatigue in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Mixed-Methods Analysis. 61
32505026 2020
25
Advances in oral immunomodulating therapies in relapsing multiple sclerosis. 61
32059809 2020
26
Gut microbiome variation is associated to Multiple Sclerosis phenotypic subtypes. 61
32162850 2020
27
Clinical relevance of cortical network dynamics in early primary progressive MS. 61
30799709 2020
28
How do patients enter the healthcare system after the first onset of multiple sclerosis symptoms? The influence of setting and physician specialty on speed of diagnosis. 61
31456464 2020
29
Multi-Platform Characterization of Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum Metabolome of Patients Affected by Relapsing-Remitting and Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. 61
32245176 2020
30
Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibodies for Relapsing and Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. 61
31994023 2020
31
Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Sardinia: A systematic cross-sectional multi-source survey. 61
30793660 2020
32
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis presenting under the age of 18 years: Fact or fiction? 61
32124676 2020
33
Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Updates in Women's Health Care Primary and Preventive Care Review. 61
32080049 2020
34
Gastrointestinal Tolerability and Absorption of R- Versus R,S-Lipoic Acid in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Crossover Trial. 61
32212340 2020
35
Design of a non-interventional post-marketing study to assess the long-term safety and effectiveness of ocrelizumab in German real world multiple sclerosis cohorts - the CONFIDENCE study protocol. 61
32171264 2020
36
Predictors of progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a large Turkish cohort. 61
31743849 2020
37
Impact of multiple sclerosis phenotypes on burden of disease in Finland. 61
31617776 2020
38
Disrupted principal network organisation in multiple sclerosis relates to disability. 61
32108146 2020
39
MAIT cell subtypes in multiple sclerosis. 61
31812897 2020
40
Prognostic impact of epilepsy in multiple sclerosis. 61
31726355 2020
41
Two cases of meningitis associated with ocrelizumab therapy. 61
31821962 2020
42
Effect of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. 61
32020080 2020
43
Ocrelizumab-induced alopecia areata-A series of five patients from Ontario, Canada: A case report. 61
32477559 2020
44
Ongoing microstructural changes in the cervical cord underpin disability progression in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. 61
31961242 2020
45
A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study of Manipulative Dexterity on Different Subtypes of Multiple Sclerosis. 61
32425718 2020
46
PPMS onset upon adalimumab treatment extends the spectrum of anti-TNF-α therapy-associated demyelinating disorders. 61
31921355 2020
47
Serum levels of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12 and Folate in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: an Updated Meta-Analysis. 61
32218697 2020
48
Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions. 61
30566027 2019
49
Biosimilar Drugs for Multiple Sclerosis: An Unmet International Need or a Regulatory Risk? 61
31313222 2019
50
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a Russian cohort: relationship with gut bacterial diversity. 61
31888483 2019
Sources

Variations for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis:

6 ‎‎ ‎‎
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 POLG NM_002693.2(POLG):c.391T>C (p.Tyr131His)SNV Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity 206492 rs562847013 15:89876595-89876595 15:89333364-89333364
2 POLG NM_002693.2(POLG):c.641C>T (p.Ala214Val)SNV Uncertain significance 405572 rs948866053 15:89876345-89876345 15:89333114-89333114
Sources

Expression for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.
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Pathways for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

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Pathways related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 37)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Innate Immune System 65
Show member pathways
 13.95 VCAM1 TNF SELL S100B MMP9 ITGA4
2
TGF-Beta Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.5 TNF ITGA4 IL7R IL4 IL10 IFNB1
3
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 65
Show member pathways
 13.24 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 IL7R IL4 IL10
4
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.96 TNF ITGA4 IL7R IL4 IFNB1 CSF1R
5
Allograft rejection 1 36
Show member pathways
 12.83 TNF ITGA4 IL4 IL10 ICAM1 HLA-DRB1
6
NF-kappaB Signaling 4
12.55 VCAM1 TNF IL4 IL10 CTLA4
7
JAK-STAT signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.44 IL7R IL4 IL10 IFNB1 CSF1R
8
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.25 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNB1 BDNF
9
Toxoplasmosis 36
Show member pathways
 12.25 TNF ITGA4 IL4 IL10 HLA-DRB1
10
Tuberculosis 36
12.21 TNF IL10 IFNB1 HLA-DRB1
11
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
12.16 TNF PLP1 IL10 BDNF
12
Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis 36
12.07 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 ICAM1
13
Immunoregulatory interactions between a Lymphoid and a non-Lymphoid cell 65
12.05 VCAM1 SELL ITGA4 ICAM1
14
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) 36
12.02 VCAM1 SELL ITGA4 ICAM1 HLA-DRB1 CTLA4
15
Adhesion 4
12 VCAM1 MMP9 ITGA4 ICAM1
16
Yersinia infection 36
11.98 TNF ITGA4 IL10 IFNB1
17
Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers 64
11.96 TNF SELL IL7R IL4 IL10
18
TNF signaling pathway 36
11.92 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 IFNB1 ICAM1
19
Rheumatoid arthritis 36
11.86 TNF ICAM1 HLA-DRB1 CTLA4
20
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
11.86 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 IL4 IL10 ICAM1
21
Neural Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers 64
11.75 S100B MOG BDNF
22
Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes 1
Show member pathways
 11.73 TNF IL4 CTLA4
23
Hematopoietic cell lineage 36
11.73 TNF ITGA4 IL7R IL4 HLA-DRB1 CSF1R
24
Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation 64
11.71 TNF ITGA4 IL7R IL4 IL10
25
Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling 1
Show member pathways
 11.66 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 ICAM1
26
Lung fibrosis 1
11.64 TNF MMP9 IL4
27
Malaria 36
11.54 VCAM1 TNF IL10 ICAM1
28
Interleukin-10 signaling 65
11.52 TNF IL4 IL10 ICAM1
29
amb2 Integrin signaling 1
11.51 TNF MMP9 ICAM1
30
Immune response_Role of integrins in NK cells cytotoxicity 22
11.47 VCAM1 ITGA4 ICAM1
31
African trypanosomiasis 36
11.33 VCAM1 TNF IL10 ICAM1
32
Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway 64
11.3 TNF SELL IL7R IL10 IFNB1 CSF1R
33
Spinal Cord Injury 1
11.25 TNF OMG MMP9 MBP IL4 ICAM1
34
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response 1
11.02 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNB1 HLA-DRB1
35
G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway 22
11 TNF ITGA4 IL4 IL10 CSF1R BDNF
36
LDL Oxidation in Atherogenesis 63
10.95 VCAM1 TNF ICAM1
37
Glial Cell Differentiation 1
10.57 PLP1 MBP
Sources

GO Terms for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

About this section

Cellular components related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 plasma membrane GO:0005886 10.07 VCAM1 TNF SELL PLP1 OMG MOG
2 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.85 VCAM1 TNF S100B MMP9 IL4 IL10
3 cell surface GO:0009986 9.56 VCAM1 TNF SELL MBP ITGA4 ICAM1
4 external side of plasma membrane GO:0009897 9.23 VCAM1 TNF SELL MOG IL7R ICAM1

Biological processes related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 36)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cell adhesion GO:0007155 10.03 VCAM1 SELL OMG MOG ITGA4 ICAM1
2 positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade GO:0070374 9.94 TNF ICAM1 HLA-DRB1 CSF1R
3 leukocyte migration GO:0050900 9.93 TNF SELL ITGA4 ICAM1
4 positive regulation of protein phosphorylation GO:0001934 9.91 TNF MMP9 HLA-DRB1 CSF1R
5 immune response GO:0006955 9.87 TNF MBP IL7R IL4 IL10 HLA-DRB1
6 positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein GO:0042531 9.83 TNF IL4 CSF1R
7 extracellular matrix organization GO:0030198 9.83 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 ITGA4 ICAM1
8 interferon-gamma-mediated signaling pathway GO:0060333 9.82 VCAM1 ICAM1 HLA-DRB1
9 response to glucocorticoid GO:0051384 9.81 TNF S100B IL10
10 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:1904707 9.76 TNF MMP9 IL10
11 regulation of immune response GO:0050776 9.73 VCAM1 SELL MOG ITGA4 IL4 ICAM1
12 cellular response to amyloid-beta GO:1904646 9.72 VCAM1 ITGA4 ICAM1
13 negative regulation of T cell proliferation GO:0042130 9.71 IL10 HLA-DRB1 CTLA4
14 negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:2000352 9.69 IL4 IL10 ICAM1
15 positive regulation of chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 production GO:2000343 9.67 TNF MBP
16 positive regulation of chemokine secretion GO:0090197 9.67 TNF CSF1R
17 B cell proliferation GO:0042100 9.67 IL7R IL10 IFNB1
18 negative regulation of tumor necrosis factor biosynthetic process GO:0042536 9.66 IL4 IL10
19 negative regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034115 9.66 MBP IL10
20 positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process GO:0045348 9.65 IL4 IL10
21 endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:0072577 9.63 TNF IL10
22 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GO:0007159 9.63 VCAM1 ITGA4 ICAM1
23 positive regulation of receptor binding GO:1900122 9.62 MMP9 BDNF
24 axon ensheathment GO:0008366 9.62 PLP1 MBP
25 positive regulation of mononuclear cell migration GO:0071677 9.61 TNF IL4
26 type 2 immune response GO:0042092 9.6 IL4 IL10
27 negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response GO:0002719 9.59 TNF IL10
28 membrane to membrane docking GO:0022614 9.58 VCAM1 ICAM1
29 negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response GO:0002740 9.57 TNF IL10
30 B cell differentiation GO:0030183 9.55 VCAM1 ITGA4 IL4 IL10 IFNB1
31 macrophage differentiation GO:0030225 9.54 MMP9 HLA-DRB1 CSF1R
32 regulation of isotype switching GO:0045191 9.52 IL4 IL10
33 receptor biosynthetic process GO:0032800 9.48 TNF IL10
34 cell-cell adhesion in response to extracellular stimulus GO:0140039 9.4 VCAM1 ITGA4
35 leukocyte tethering or rolling GO:0050901 9.26 VCAM1 TNF SELL ITGA4
36 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 9.23 VCAM1 TNF MMP9 IL4 IL10 IFNB1

Molecular functions related to Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.46 TNF IL4 IL10 IFNB1
2 structural constituent of myelin sheath GO:0019911 8.96 PLP1 MBP
3 cell adhesion molecule binding GO:0050839 8.8 VCAM1 SELL ITGA4
Sources

Sources for Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM
57 OMIM via Orphanet
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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