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PML
MCID: PRG009
MIFTS: 59

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Categories: Cancer diseases, Immune diseases, Infectious diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

Name: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy 12 76 53 54 59 15
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal 53 44 73
Pml 12 53 59
Leukoencephalopathy Progressive Multifocal 55
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalitis 59

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

59
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Inheritance: Not applicable; Age of onset: All ages;

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Immune diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33 34
Orphanet: 59  
Rare neurological diseases
Rare infectious diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:643
ICD10 33 A81.2
ICD9CM 35 046.3
MeSH 44 D007968
NCIt 50 C26815
SNOMED-CT 68 22255007
Orphanet 59 ORPHA217260
ICD10 via Orphanet 34 A81.2
MESH via Orphanet 45 D007968
UMLS via Orphanet 74 C0023524
UMLS 73 C0023524
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Summaries for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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NINDS : 54 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of the white matter of the brain, caused by a virus infection that targets cells that make myelin--the material that insulates nerve cells (neurons).  Polyomavirus JC (often called JC virus) is carried by a majority of people and is harmless except among those with lowered immune defenses.  The disease is rare and occurs in patients undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplant, or individuals with cancer (such as Hodgkin’s disease or lymphoma).  Individuals with autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosis -- some of whom are treated with biological therapies that allow JC virus reactivation -- are at risk for PML as well.  PML is most common among individuals with HIV-1 infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).  Studies estimate that prior to effective antiretroviral therapy, as many as 5 percent of persons infected with HIV-1 eventually develop PML that is an AIDS-defining illness.  However, current HIV therapy using antiretroviral drugs (ART), which effectively restores immune system function, allows as many as half of all HIV-PML patients to survive, although they may sometimes have an inflammatory reaction in the regions of the brain affected by PML.  The symptoms of PML are diverse, since they are related to the location and amount of damage in the brain, and may evolve over the course of several weeks to months  The most prominent symptoms are clumsiness; progressive weakness; and visual, speech, and sometimes personality changes.  The progression of deficits leads to life-threatening disability and (frequently) death.  A diagnosis of PML can be made following brain biopsy or by combining observations of a progressive course of the disease, consistent white matter lesions visible on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and the detection of the JC virus in spinal fluid.

MalaCards based summary : Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, also known as leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal, is related to multiple sclerosis and viral infectious disease. An important gene associated with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy is ITGA4 (Integrin Subunit Alpha 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are TGF-Beta Pathway and Akt Signaling. The drugs Arranon and Prednisolone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, t cells and kidney, and related phenotypes are Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) and Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)

Disease Ontology : 12 A viral infectious disease that involves reactivation of JC polyomavirus in immune-compromised individuals which causes the loss of white matter (which is made up of myelin, a substance the surrounds and protects nerve fibers) in multiple areas of the brain. The symptoms include hemiparesis, aphasia, dysarthria, hemianopia, cognitive impairment and coma.

NIH Rare Diseases : 53 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a neurological disorder that damages the myelin that covers and protects nerves in the white matter of the brain. It is caused by the JC virus (JCV). By age 10, most people have been infected with this virus, but it rarely causes symptoms unless the immune system becomes severely weakened. The disease occurs, rarely, in organ transplant patients; people undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy; and individuals with cancer, such as Hodgkin�??s disease, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis.  PML is most common among individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Wikipedia : 76 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and usually fatal viral disease characterized... more...

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Related Diseases for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Diseases related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 215)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 multiple sclerosis 30.8 IL2 ITGA4 MBP STAT1 TNF
2 viral infectious disease 30.7 IL2 STAT1 TNF
3 demyelinating disease 30.4 ITGA4 MBP TNF
4 common variable immunodeficiency 30.2 IL2 RAG1 TNF
5 leukemia, chronic lymphocytic 30.2 BAX BCL2 IL2 ITGA4 STAT1
6 lymphoma, non-hodgkin, familial 30.1 BAX BCL2 IL2 ITGA4
7 myeloma, multiple 30.1 IL2 ITGA4 TNF
8 primary central nervous system lymphoma 29.9 BCL2 IL2
9 myasthenia gravis 29.8 IL2 MBP TNF
10 central nervous system disease 29.8 HTR2A MBP TNF
11 soft tissue sarcoma 29.7 BCL2 TNF
12 gastric adenocarcinoma 29.0 BAX BCL2 HIF1A TNF
13 acute promyelocytic leukemia 12.6
14 rabies 11.7
15 bloom syndrome 11.3
16 influenza 11.3
17 aids - neurological complications 11.2
18 bladder diverticulum 11.1
19 neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease 11.1
20 hepatic venoocclusive disease with immunodeficiency 11.1
21 granulocytopenia 11.1
22 lymphoma 10.6
23 leukemia 10.5
24 systemic lupus erythematosus 10.5
25 lupus erythematosus 10.5
26 lymphocytic leukemia 10.5
27 leukemia, chronic lymphocytic 2 10.5
28 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 10.5
29 leukemia, b-cell, chronic 10.5
30 lymphoma, hodgkin, classic 10.4
31 lymphopenia 10.3
32 rheumatoid arthritis 10.3
33 arthritis 10.3
34 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease 10.3
35 follicular lymphoma 10.3
36 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 10.2
37 crohn's disease 10.2
38 tremor 10.2
39 oral tuberculosis 10.2 IL2 TNF
40 actinic prurigo 10.2 ITGA4 TNF
41 wiskott-aldrich syndrome 10.2
42 b-cell lymphomas 10.2
43 psoriasis 10.2
44 encephalitis 10.2
45 streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome 10.2 IL2 TNF
46 farmer's lung 10.2 IL2 TNF
47 clonorchiasis 10.2 IL2 TNF
48 microscopic colitis 10.2 IL2 TNF
49 crohn's colitis 10.2 IL2 TNF
50 autoimmune gastritis 10.2 IL2 TNF

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:



Diseases related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) GR00250-A-1 9.7 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IL2 STAT1 TNF
2 Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) GR00250-A-2 9.7 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IL2 STAT1 TNF

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

46 (show all 19)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.32 BAX BCL2 HIF1A HTR2A IGHMBP2 IL2
2 cellular MP:0005384 10.31 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IGHMBP2 IL2 ITGA4
3 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.24 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IGHMBP2 IL2 MBP
4 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 10.23 BCL2 HIF1A IGHMBP2 IL2 ITGA4 MECP2
5 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.2 BAX BCL2 HIF1A HTR2A IL2 MECP2
6 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.19 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IGHMBP2 IL2 MBP
7 immune system MP:0005387 10.18 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IL2 ITGA4 MBP
8 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 10.16 BCL2 HIF1A HTR2A IGHMBP2 IL2 RAG1
9 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10.16 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IL2 ITGA4 MBP
10 mortality/aging MP:0010768 10.14 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IGHMBP2 IL2 ITGA4
11 integument MP:0010771 9.93 BCL2 HIF1A MECP2 RAG1 STAT1 TNF
12 hearing/vestibular/ear MP:0005377 9.92 BAX BCL2 MBP MECP2 RAG1
13 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.91 HIF1A IL2 MECP2 RAG1 STAT1 TNF
14 muscle MP:0005369 9.91 BAX BCL2 HIF1A HTR2A IGHMBP2 STAT1
15 nervous system MP:0003631 9.91 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IGHMBP2 MBP MECP2
16 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.87 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IL2 RAG1 STAT1
17 respiratory system MP:0005388 9.7 BAX HIF1A IGHMBP2 IL2 MECP2 RAG1
18 skeleton MP:0005390 9.5 BAX HIF1A HTR2A MECP2 RAG1 STAT1
19 vision/eye MP:0005391 9.28 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IL2 MBP MECP2
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Drugs & Therapeutics for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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FDA approved drugs:

# Drug Name Active Ingredient(s) 18 Company Approval Date
1
Arranon 18 49 NELARABINE GlaxoSmithKline October 2005

Drugs for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 108)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Prednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 50-24-8 5755
2
Methylprednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 83-43-2 6741
3
Prednisolone phosphate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 302-25-0
4
Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Approved Phase 4,Phase 3 2921-57-5
5
Natalizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 4 189261-10-7
6
Ritonavir Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3 155213-67-5 392622
7
Emtricitabine Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 2 143491-57-0 60877
8
Nevirapine Approved Phase 4 129618-40-2 4463
9
Interferon beta-1b Approved Phase 4 145155-23-3
10
Prednisolone hemisuccinate Experimental Phase 4,Phase 3 2920-86-7
11
Tenofovir Experimental, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 2 147127-20-6 464205
12 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3
13 Immunosuppressive Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
14 Immunologic Factors Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
15 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
16 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4,Phase 3
17 Autonomic Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
18 Hormones Phase 4,Phase 3
19 Prednisolone acetate Phase 4,Phase 3
20 Fingolimod Hydrochloride Phase 4
21 Neuroprotective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
22 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
23 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3
24 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
25 glucocorticoids Phase 4,Phase 3
26 Antiemetics Phase 4,Phase 3
27 Protective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
28 Methylprednisolone acetate Phase 4,Phase 3
29 Antiviral Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
30 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable
31 HIV Protease Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
32 Anti-HIV Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
33 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers Phase 4
34 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
35 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
36 Atazanavir Sulfate Phase 4,Phase 3
37 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable
38 Anti-Retroviral Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
39 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
40
protease inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
41 Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination Phase 4
42 Adjuvants, Immunologic Phase 4
43 Interferon-beta Phase 4
44 interferons Phase 4,Not Applicable
45
Chlorambucil Approved Phase 3 305-03-3 2708
46
Obinutuzumab Approved, Investigational Phase 3 949142-50-1
47
Fludarabine Approved Phase 3 75607-67-9, 21679-14-1 30751
48
Cyclophosphamide Approved, Investigational Phase 3 6055-19-2, 50-18-0 2907
49
Aldesleukin Approved Phase 3 85898-30-2, 110942-02-4
50 tannic acid Approved Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 45)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Methylprednisolone During the Switch Between Natalizumab and Fingolimod Unknown status NCT02769689 Phase 4 Methylprednisolone;Placebo;natalizumab (NTZ);fingolimob (FTY)
2 Natalizumab Temporary Discontinuation Study Completed NCT02775110 Phase 4
3 Nevirapine vs. Atazanavir Boosted With Ritonavir on a Background of Truvada in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Naive Patients (NEwArT) Completed NCT00552240 Phase 4 tenofovir DF 300 mg QD;tenofovir DF 300 mg QD;emtricitabine 200 mg QD;emtricitabine 200 mg QD;Nevirapine 200 mg BID;Atazanavir 300 mg;Ritonavir 100 mg
4 Safety and Effectiveness of Switching Relapsing MS Patients Treated With Natalizumab at Risk for PML to Teriflunomide Active, not recruiting NCT01970410 Phase 4 teriflunomide
5 Corticosteroids for Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) Terminated NCT01211665 Phase 4 Methylprednisolone;Prednisolone
6 Natalizumab De-escalation to Interferon-beta-1b in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Terminated NCT01701856 Phase 4 Interferon beta-1b
7 A Safety and Efficacy Study of Obinutuzumab Alone or in Combination With Chemotherapy in Participants With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Completed NCT01905943 Phase 3 Bendamustine;Chlorambucil;Cyclophosphamide;Fludarabine;Obinutuzumab
8 PRINCE: Study of Atazanavir (ATV)/Ritonavir (RTV) Completed NCT01099579 Phase 3 Atazanavir powder;Ritonavir oral solution;Atazanavir capsules;Ritonavir capsules
9 Interleukin-2 Plus Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected Patients With Low CD4+ Counts (SILCAAT Study) Completed NCT00013611 Phase 3 Proleukin
10 An International Study to Evaluate Recombinant Interleukin-2 in HIV Positive Patients Taking Anti-retroviral Therapy Completed NCT00004978 Phase 3 Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)
11 Study of Vedolizumab in Patients With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease Completed NCT01224171 Phase 3 vedolizumab
12 Study for Participants With Ulcerative Colitis Previously Enrolled in Etrolizumab Phase II/III Studies Recruiting NCT02118584 Phase 3 Etrolizumab
13 Vedolizumab Subcutaneous Long-Term Open-Label Extension Study Recruiting NCT02620046 Phase 3 Vedolizumab SC
14 Long-Term Extension Study of Ofatumumab in Subjects With Pemphigus Vulgaris Terminated NCT02613910 Phase 3 Ofatumumab;Acetaminophen/paracetamol;Antihistamine (cetirizine or equivalent);Prednisone/Prednisolone
15 Early Intensification of Antiretroviral Therapy Including Enfuvirtide in HIV-1-Related Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy (ANRS125) Completed NCT00120367 Phase 2 Enfuvirtide;Tenofovir-Emtricitabine
16 Comparison of Anti HIV Drugs Used Alone or in Combination With Cytosine Arabinoside to Treat Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV-Infected Patients Completed NCT00001048 Phase 2 Filgrastim;Cytarabine;Zidovudine;Zalcitabine;Didanosine
17 Safety and Effectiveness of Topotecan HCl to Treat HIV-Infected Patients With AIDS-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Completed NCT00002395 Phase 2 Topotecan
18 Long Term Safety of Vedolizumab (MLN0002) in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Completed NCT00619489 Phase 2 vedolizumab
19 Ofatumumab Dose-finding in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients Completed NCT00640328 Phase 2 Ofatumumab 100;Ofatumumab 300;Ofatumumab 700;Placebo
20 Brentuximab Vedotin for Systemic Sclerosis Recruiting NCT03222492 Phase 1, Phase 2
21 Treatment of Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From the Umbilical Cord Not yet recruiting NCT03562065 Phase 1, Phase 2
22 Study to Explore the Effect of Mefloquine in Participants With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Terminated NCT00746941 Phase 1, Phase 2 mefloquine
23 Multi-Drug Desensitization Protocol for Heart Transplant Candidates Terminated NCT01556347 Phase 2 Bortezomib, Thymoglobulin, Rituximab, Gamimune N, (IVIG), Plasmapheresis
24 A Phase I Study Of Etrolizumab Followed By Open-Label Extension And Safety Monitoring In Pediatric Patients With Moderate To Severe Ulcerative Colitis Or Moderate To Severe Crohn's Disease Recruiting NCT03478956 Phase 1 Etrolizumab
25 Retrospective Study of the Survival of Patients Suffering From Hiv-related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Completed NCT02895581
26 A Pilot Study of the Efficacy of Recombinant Alpha Interferon (IFN-A2b) and Zidovudine (AZT) in the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Complicating HIV-1 Infection Completed NCT00002270 Not Applicable Interferon alfa-2b;Zidovudine
27 A Study to Evaluate the Use of Cidofovir (an Experimental Drug) for the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS Patients Completed NCT00000945 Not Applicable Cidofovir;Probenecid
28 Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Completed NCT00342602
29 JC Virus Reactivation in Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT02004444
30 A Study of ddI in Patients With AIDS Who Become Sicker While Taking Zidovudine Completed NCT00002274 Not Applicable Didanosine
31 JC Virus Antibody Study of Participants With Relapsing Forms of MS Receiving Treatment With Natalizumab Completed NCT01070836 natalizumab
32 Pharmacokinetic, Immunological and Biochemical Sample Collection and Analysis of a Tysabri Patient Cohort Completed NCT01070719
33 Analysis of Lymphocyte Cell Surface Adhesion Marker Expression in Natalizumab Population With Active Control Completed NCT01626248
34 Drug Exposure Registry for GSK2248761, an Investigational NNRTI Completed NCT01458132 Not Applicable GSK2248761
35 Kaiser Permanente HIV Cohort Study Completed NCT01339403
36 HIV Cohort Study At Johns Hopkins University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Vanderbilt University Completed NCT01339416
37 An Observational Study of MabThera in Participants With Severe Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Completed NCT01613027
38 Natural History Study of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Recruiting NCT01730131
39 Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Ex Vivo Generated Polyomavirus-Specific T-Cells Recruiting NCT02694783 Early Phase 1
40 Difference in Efficacy of Natalizumab Versus Fingolimod for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Recruiting NCT01981161
41 BENLYSTA® Special Drug Use Investigation Recruiting NCT03370263 Benlysta
42 Tysabri Observational Cohort Study - Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Registries Active, not recruiting NCT03399981
43 Role of Inflammation in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Active, not recruiting NCT01132053
44 Evaluating Nulojix (Belatacept) Long-Term Safety in Transplant Active, not recruiting NCT01386359 No Intervention
45 Genetic Evaluation of Natalizumab-Treated Patients With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Terminated NCT01211639

Search NIH Clinical Center for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Cochrane evidence based reviews: leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal

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Genetic Tests for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Anatomical Context for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

41
Brain, T Cells, Kidney, Lung, Bone, B Cells, Liver
Sources

Publications for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Articles related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

(show top 50) (show all 1027)
# Title Authors Year
1
Characteristics and outcomes of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in hematologic malignancies and stem cell transplant - a case series. ( 29969336 )
2018
2
Editors' Welcome: Pregnancy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29724377 )
2018
3
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the absence of immunosuppression. ( 29139004 )
2018
4
A Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Caused by John Cunningham Virus. ( 29950535 )
2018
5
John Cunningham virus: an overview on biology and disease of the etiological agent of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29620790 )
2018
6
Magnetic resonance imaging changes following natalizumab discontinuation in multiple sclerosis patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29343163 )
2018
7
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Are you aware of it? ( 29321230 )
2018
8
A Punctate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pattern in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an Early Sign of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Clinicopathological Study. ( 29709947 )
2018
9
Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era in the French Hospital Database on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (ANRS-C4). ( 29635465 )
2018
10
What Is the Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease Treated With Vedolizumab? ( 29668955 )
2018
11
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with thymoma with immunodeficiency: a case report and literature review. ( 29631544 )
2018
12
A Programme for Risk Assessment and Minimisation of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Developed for Vedolizumab Clinical Trials. ( 29737503 )
2018
13
Antiviral activity of maraviroc plus mirtazapine in a low-risk HIV-negative patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29932090 )
2018
14
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after T-cell replete HLA-haploidentical transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. ( 29359846 )
2018
15
Correction to: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rituximab-treated rheumatic diseases: a rare event. ( 29637430 )
2018
16
Do we have enough evidence for recommending therapeutic plasma exchange for patients with natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy? ( 29446163 )
2018
17
Central alveolar hypoventilation due to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29589583 )
2018
18
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29604971 )
2018
19
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Following Combined Rituximab-Based Immune-Chemotherapy for Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Renal Transplant Recipient: AA CaseA Report. ( 29661457 )
2018
20
"Barbell Sign": A Diagnostic Imaging Finding in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29787494 )
2018
21
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment. ( 29669908 )
2018
22
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29304918 )
2018
23
Asymptomatic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a case report and review of the literature. ( 29960601 )
2018
24
Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned. ( 29656742 )
2018
25
Do we have enough evidence for recommending therapeutic apheresis for natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients? Comment on "Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice-evidence-based approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for apheresis: The seventh special issue." ( 29430694 )
2018
26
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia. ( 29687403 )
2018
27
Diagnostic and prognostic value of JC virus DNA in plasma in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29346632 )
2018
28
Concurrent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and central nervous system infiltration by multiple myeloma: A case report. ( 29690814 )
2018
29
Successful prevention of perinatal HIV transmission utilizing direct observation therapy in the setting of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 30245972 )
2018
30
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy developing after obinutuzumab treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. ( 30421169 )
2018
31
A case of developing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy while using rituximab and mycophenolate mofetil in refractory systemic lupus erythematosus. ( 29983569 )
2018
32
An autopsy case of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after rituximab therapy for malignant lymphoma. ( 30511425 )
2018
33
Natalizumab-associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Mini Review. ( 30324046 )
2018
34
Nitazoxanide May Modify the Course of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29159786 )
2018
35
Understanding Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Risk in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Immunomodulatory Therapies: A Bird's Eye View. ( 29456537 )
2018
36
T cell deficiencies as a common risk factor for drug associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29472141 )
2018
37
The Benefit of Mirtazapine in the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in a Young HIV-positive Patient: A Case Report. ( 29497578 )
2018
38
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy during ixazomib-based chemotherapy. ( 29507502 )
2018
39
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rituximab-treated rheumatic diseases: a rare event. ( 29508305 )
2018
40
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Case report and review of the literature. ( 29512846 )
2018
41
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Lesions and JC Virus: The Limits and Value of Imaging. ( 29532060 )
2018
42
Association of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Lesion Volume With JC Virus Polymerase Chain Reaction Results in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Natalizumab-Treated Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. ( 29532061 )
2018
43
Drug-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients. ( 29985084 )
2018
44
Successful treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with recombinant interleukin-7 and maraviroc in a patient with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia. ( 29987583 )
2018
45
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy versus Brain Metastasis in a Patient with Locally-Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. ( 29991095 )
2018
46
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy after Treatment with Nivolumab. ( 30016251 )
2018
47
Ibrutinib Use Complicated by Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 30045034 )
2018
48
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with extended natalizumab dosing. ( 30105172 )
2018
49
A loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection and quantification of JC polyomavirus in cerebrospinal fluid: a diagnostic and clinical management tool and technique for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 30170628 )
2018
50
AIDS-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy-really rare in India: A case report and review of literature. ( 30187028 )
2018
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Variations for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Expression for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.
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Pathways for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Pathways related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 52)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
TGF-Beta Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.42 BAX BCL2 IL2 ITGA4 STAT1 TNF
2
Akt Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 13.26 BAX BCL2 IL2 ITGA4 STAT1 TNF
3
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 66
Show member pathways
 13.2 BCL2 HIF1A IL2 RAG1 STAT1 TNF
4
IL-2 Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.1 BAX BCL2 IL2 STAT1 TNF
5
Human cytomegalovirus infection 37
Show member pathways
 12.91 BAX BCL2 HIF1A STAT1 TNF
6
Pathways in cancer 37
12.69 BAX BCL2 HIF1A IL2 STAT1
7
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway 37
Show member pathways
 12.69 BAX BCL2 IL2 ITGA4 STAT1 TNF
8
4-1BB Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.57 BAX BCL2 STAT1 TNF
9
NF-kappaB Signaling 4
12.44 IL2 RAG1 STAT1 TNF
10
Th17 cell differentiation 37
Show member pathways
 12.34 BCL2 HIF1A IL2 STAT1 TNF
11
Apoptosis Pathway 72
Show member pathways
 12.31 BAX BCL2 IL2 ITGA4
12
Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 12.25 BAX BCL2 IL2 STAT1 TNF
13
Epstein-Barr virus infection 37
12.17 BAX BCL2 STAT1 TNF
14
Apoptosis and Autophagy 4
12.15 BAX BCL2 TNF
15
p53 Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 12.14 BAX BCL2 HIF1A
16
Toxoplasmosis 37
Show member pathways
 12.12 BCL2 ITGA4 STAT1 TNF
17
C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway 37
Show member pathways
 12.11 IL2 STAT1 TNF
18
Colorectal Cancer Metastasis 64
12.08 BAX STAT1 TNF
19
Tuberculosis 37
12.06 BAX BCL2 STAT1 TNF
20
AKT Signaling Pathway 67
12.04 BAX BCL2 ITGA4
21
Integrated Breast Cancer Pathway 1
12.04 BAX BCL2 STAT1
22
Necroptosis 37
Show member pathways
 12.02 BAX BCL2 STAT1 TNF
23
IL-2 Signaling Pathway 1
Show member pathways
 11.98 BCL2 IL2 STAT1
24
Adipogenesis 1
11.97 HIF1A STAT1 TNF
25
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
11.97 HIF1A HTR2A MECP2 TNF
26
Th1 Differentiation Pathway 65
Show member pathways
 11.96 IL2 STAT1 TNF
27
Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 11.95 BAX BCL2 IL2 STAT1
28
Ceramide Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 11.93 BAX BCL2 TNF
29
MAPK Pathway 72
Show member pathways
 11.93 IL2 ITGA4 STAT1
30
Spinal Cord Injury 1
11.91 IL2 MBP TNF
31
Sphingolipid signaling pathway 37
11.9 BAX BCL2 TNF
32
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) 1 37
Show member pathways
 11.88 BAX BCL2 TNF
33
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network 1
11.69 BAX IL2 STAT1
34
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 65
11.68 IL2 ITGA4 TNF
35
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 66
11.61 BCL2 HIF1A STAT1 TNF
36
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications 37
11.45 BAX BCL2 STAT1 TNF
37
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway 1
11.42 BAX IL2 TNF
38
Integrated Cancer Pathway 1
11.36 BAX BCL2 STAT1
39
Ceramide signaling pathway 1
11.31 BAX BCL2 TNF
40
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response 1
11.17 IL2 TNF
41
Apoptosis and survival_Anti-apoptotic action of nuclear ESR1 and ESR2 22
11.15 BAX BCL2
42
OX40 Pathway 64
11.11 BCL2 IL2
43
14-3-3 and Regulation of BAD Activity 64
11.11 BAX BCL2 TNF
44
G-protein signaling_RhoB regulation pathway 22
11.07 BAX BCL2 IL2 TNF
45
Gemtuzumab ozogamicin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics 61
11.05 BAX BCL2
47
TP53 Network 1
Show member pathways
 11.02 BAX BCL2
48
G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway 22
10.88 BAX BCL2 IL2 ITGA4 TNF
49
RXR and RAR heterodimerization with other nuclear receptor 1
10.79 BCL2 TNF
50
Photodynamic therapy-induced AP-1 survival signaling. 1
10.63 BAX BCL2 IL2 TNF
Sources

GO Terms for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

About this section

Cellular components related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 pore complex GO:0046930 8.62 BAX BCL2

Biological processes related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 36)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 immune response GO:0006955 9.96 IL2 MBP RAG1 TNF
2 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 9.85 BCL2 HTR2A IL2 MECP2 STAT1
3 response to toxic substance GO:0009636 9.74 BAX BCL2 MBP
4 post-embryonic development GO:0009791 9.7 BAX BCL2 MECP2
5 B cell differentiation GO:0030183 9.69 BCL2 ITGA4 RAG1
6 response to gamma radiation GO:0010332 9.67 BAX BCL2
7 T cell differentiation in thymus GO:0033077 9.67 BCL2 RAG1
8 negative regulation of neuron apoptotic process GO:0043524 9.67 BAX BCL2 HIF1A MECP2
9 regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential GO:0051881 9.66 BAX BCL2
10 T cell homeostasis GO:0043029 9.66 BCL2 RAG1
11 negative regulation of apoptotic signaling pathway GO:2001234 9.65 BAX BCL2
12 B cell homeostasis GO:0001782 9.65 BAX BCL2
13 apoptotic mitochondrial changes GO:0008637 9.64 BAX BCL2
14 negative regulation of ossification GO:0030279 9.64 BCL2 HIF1A
15 negative regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process GO:2000378 9.63 BCL2 HIF1A
16 release of cytochrome c from mitochondria GO:0001836 9.63 BAX BCL2
17 positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 9.62 HIF1A TNF
18 positive regulation of glycolytic process GO:0045821 9.62 HIF1A HTR2A
19 positive regulation of kinase activity GO:0033674 9.61 HTR2A IL2
20 positive regulation of T cell differentiation GO:0045582 9.61 IL2 RAG1
21 intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to DNA damage GO:0008630 9.61 BAX BCL2 TNF
22 leukocyte tethering or rolling GO:0050901 9.6 ITGA4 TNF
23 response to iron ion GO:0010039 9.59 BCL2 HIF1A
24 digestive tract morphogenesis GO:0048546 9.58 BCL2 HIF1A
25 endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis GO:0032469 9.58 BAX BCL2
26 visual learning GO:0008542 9.58 HIF1A MECP2 RAG1
27 regulation of protein heterodimerization activity GO:0043497 9.56 BAX BCL2
28 response to salt stress GO:0009651 9.55 BAX TNF
29 negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process GO:0070244 9.54 HIF1A RAG1
30 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand GO:0097192 9.5 BAX BCL2 IL2
31 regulation of protein homodimerization activity GO:0043496 9.49 BAX BCL2
32 leukocyte homeostasis GO:0001776 9.48 BAX BCL2
33 extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway via death domain receptors GO:0008625 9.43 BAX BCL2 TNF
34 positive regulation of developmental pigmentation GO:0048087 9.16 BAX BCL2
35 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 9.02 BCL2 HIF1A IL2 STAT1 TNF
36 regulation of nitrogen utilization GO:0006808 8.96 BAX BCL2

Molecular functions related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 identical protein binding GO:0042802 9.72 BAX BCL2 RAG1 STAT1 TNF
2 transcription factor binding GO:0008134 9.46 BCL2 HIF1A IGHMBP2 MECP2
3 channel activity GO:0015267 9.43 BAX BCL2
4 histone acetyltransferase binding GO:0035035 9.4 HIF1A STAT1
5 protein phosphatase 2A binding GO:0051721 9.37 BCL2 STAT1
6 nuclear hormone receptor binding GO:0035257 9.26 HIF1A STAT1
7 protease binding GO:0002020 9.13 BCL2 MBP TNF
8 BH3 domain binding GO:0051434 8.62 BAX BCL2
Sources

Sources for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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