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MIFTS: 55

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Categories: Rare diseases, Infectious diseases, Neuronal diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

Name: Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy 12 76 53 54 59 15
Leukoencephalopathy, Progressive Multifocal 53 44 73
Pml 12 53 59
Leukoencephalopathy Progressive Multifocal 55
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalitis 59

Characteristics:

Orphanet epidemiological data:

59
progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
Inheritance: Not applicable; Age of onset: All ages;

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33 34
Orphanet: 59  
Rare neurological diseases
Rare infectious diseases


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:643
ICD10 33 A81.2
ICD9CM 35 046.3
MeSH 44 D007968
NCIt 50 C26815
SNOMED-CT 68 22255007
Orphanet 59 ORPHA217260
ICD10 via Orphanet 34 A81.2
MESH via Orphanet 45 D007968
UMLS via Orphanet 74 C0023524
UMLS 73 C0023524
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Summaries for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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NINDS : 54 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of the white matter of the brain, caused by a virus infection that targets cells that make myelin--the material that insulates nerve cells (neurons).  Polyomavirus JC (often called JC virus) is carried by a majority of people and is harmless except among those with lowered immune defenses.  The disease is rare and occurs in patients undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy for organ transplant, or individuals with cancer (such as Hodgkin’s disease or lymphoma).  Individuals with autoimmune conditions such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosis -- some of whom are treated with biological therapies that allow JC virus reactivation -- are at risk for PML as well.  PML is most common among individuals with HIV-1 infection / acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).  Studies estimate that prior to effective antiretroviral therapy, as many as 5 percent of persons infected with HIV-1 eventually develop PML that is an AIDS-defining illness.  However, current HIV therapy using antiretroviral drugs (ART), which effectively restores immune system function, allows as many as half of all HIV-PML patients to survive, although they may sometimes have an inflammatory reaction in the regions of the brain affected by PML.  The symptoms of PML are diverse, since they are related to the location and amount of damage in the brain, and may evolve over the course of several weeks to months  The most prominent symptoms are clumsiness; progressive weakness; and visual, speech, and sometimes personality changes.  The progression of deficits leads to life-threatening disability and (frequently) death.  A diagnosis of PML can be made following brain biopsy or by combining observations of a progressive course of the disease, consistent white matter lesions visible on a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, and the detection of the JC virus in spinal fluid.

MalaCards based summary : Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy, also known as leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal, is related to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and leukemia, chronic lymphocytic. An important gene associated with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy is ITGA4 (Integrin Subunit Alpha 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and Cytokine Signaling in Immune system. The drugs Natalizumab and Prednisolone have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, t cells and liver, and related phenotypes are Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) and Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)

Disease Ontology : 12 A viral infectious disease that involves reactivation of JC polyomavirus in immune-compromised individuals which causes the loss of white matter (which is made up of myelin, a substance the surrounds and protects nerve fibers) in multiple areas of the brain. The symptoms include hemiparesis, aphasia, dysarthria, hemianopia, cognitive impairment and coma.

NIH Rare Diseases : 53 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a neurological disorder that damages the myelin that covers and protects nerves in the white matter of the brain. It is caused by the JC virus (JCV). By age 10, most people have been infected with this virus, but it rarely causes symptoms unless the immune system becomes severely weakened. The disease occurs, rarely, in organ transplant patients; people undergoing chronic corticosteroid or immunosuppressive therapy; and individuals with cancer, such as Hodgkin’s disease, lymphoma, and sarcoidosis.  PML is most common among individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Wikipedia : 76 Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a rare and usually fatal viral disease characterized... more...

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Related Diseases for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Diseases related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 188)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 30.6 CD40LG IL2 TNF
2 leukemia, chronic lymphocytic 30.1 CD40LG IL2 ITGA4 STAT1
3 myeloma, multiple 30.0 CD40LG IL2 ITGA4 TNF
4 multiple sclerosis 29.8 IL2 ITGA4 MBP STAT1 TNF
5 myasthenia gravis 29.7 IL2 MBP TNF
6 central nervous system disease 29.7 CD40LG MBP TNF
7 combined immunodeficiency, x-linked 29.7 CD40LG IL2 RAG1
8 nervous system disease 29.6 CD40LG MBP TNF
9 meningoencephalitis 29.5 CD40LG MBP MECP2
10 demyelinating disease 29.5 CD40LG ITGA4 MBP TNF
11 common variable immunodeficiency 29.4 CD40LG IL2 RAG1 TNF
12 autoimmune disease 29.3 CD40LG IL2 MBP TNF
13 acute promyelocytic leukemia 12.4
14 neurological complications of aids 11.1
15 oral tuberculosis 10.7 IL2 TNF
16 autoimmune myocarditis 10.7 IL2 TNF
17 actinic prurigo 10.7 ITGA4 TNF
18 streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome 10.6 IL2 TNF
19 farmer's lung 10.6 IL2 TNF
20 trench fever 10.6 CD40LG TNF
21 encephalitozoonosis 10.6 CD40LG TNF
22 rheumatoid lung disease 10.6 CD40LG TNF
23 miller fisher syndrome 10.6 CD40LG TNF
24 clonorchiasis 10.6 IL2 TNF
25 crohn's colitis 10.6 IL2 TNF
26 microscopic colitis 10.5 IL2 TNF
27 axillary adenitis 10.5 CD40LG STAT1
28 zika fever 10.5 CD40LG STAT1
29 burning mouth syndrome 10.5 IL2 TNF
30 murray valley encephalitis 10.5 CD40LG IL2
31 immune defect due to absence of thymus 10.5 CD40LG IL2
32 lymphoma 10.5
33 central nervous system vasculitis 10.5 CD40LG TNF
34 osteosclerotic myeloma 10.5 CD40LG TNF
35 coccidioidomycosis 10.5 CD40LG STAT1
36 posterior uveitis 10.4 IL2 TNF
37 meningovascular neurosyphilis 10.4 CD40LG MBP
38 post-vaccinal encephalitis 10.4 CD40LG MBP
39 leukemia 10.4
40 immunodeficiency 17 10.4 CD40LG STAT1
41 primary systemic mycosis 10.4 CD40LG TNF
42 dysgammaglobulinemia 10.3 CD40LG MBP
43 immunodeficiency with hyper-igm, type 3 10.3 CD40LG RAG1
44 jejunoileitis 10.3 CD40LG TNF
45 systemic lupus erythematosus 10.3
46 lupus erythematosus 10.3
47 critical limb ischemia 10.3 HIF1A TNF
48 coccidiosis 10.3 CD40LG IL2 TNF
49 commensal bacterial infectious disease 10.3 CD40LG IL2 TNF
50 hypersensitivity reaction type iv disease 10.3 CD40LG IL2 TNF

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:



Diseases related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

26
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) GR00250-A-1 9.32 CD40LG HIF1A IL2 STAT1 TNF
2 Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) GR00250-A-2 9.32 CD40LG HIF1A IL2 STAT1 TNF

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

46 (show all 15)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cellular MP:0005384 10.22 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF ITGA4 MBP
2 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.2 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF HTR2A MBP
3 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 10.19 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF ITGA4 IGHMBP2
4 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.11 MBP STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF IL2
5 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.1 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF HTR2A CD40LG
6 immune system MP:0005387 10.09 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF MBP ITGA4
7 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 10.08 STAT1 RAG1 MBP TNF HIF1A ITGA4
8 mortality/aging MP:0010768 10.07 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF MBP ITGA4
9 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 10.05 STAT1 RAG1 TNF HTR2A IGHMBP2 IL2
10 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 9.88 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF IL2 HIF1A
11 nervous system MP:0003631 9.86 MBP STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF HIF1A
12 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.72 STAT1 RAG1 TNF IL2 HIF1A
13 respiratory system MP:0005388 9.63 MECP2 RAG1 TNF HIF1A IGHMBP2 IL2
14 skeleton MP:0005390 9.5 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF HIF1A HTR2A
15 vision/eye MP:0005391 9.17 STAT1 MECP2 RAG1 TNF MBP IL2
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Drugs for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 97)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Natalizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 4 189261-10-7
2
Prednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 50-24-8 5755
3
Methylprednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 83-43-2 6741
4
Ritonavir Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 3 155213-67-5 392622
5
Nevirapine Approved Phase 4 129618-40-2 4463
6
Emtricitabine Approved, Investigational Phase 4,Phase 2 143491-57-0 60877
7
Interferon beta-1b Approved Phase 4 145155-23-3
8 Prednisolone acetate Phase 4,Phase 3
9 glucocorticoids Phase 4,Phase 3
10 Fingolimod Hydrochloride Phase 4
11 Methylprednisolone acetate Phase 4,Phase 3
12 Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate Phase 4,Phase 3
13 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2
14 Neuroprotective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
15 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3
16 Hormones Phase 4,Phase 3
17 Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists Phase 4,Phase 3
18 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
19 Immunosuppressive Agents Phase 4,Phase 2
20 Prednisolone hemisuccinate Phase 4,Phase 3
21 Prednisolone phosphate Phase 4,Phase 3
22 Antiemetics Phase 4,Phase 3
23 Protective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
24 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
25 Autonomic Agents Phase 4,Phase 3
26 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4,Phase 3
27
Tenofovir Phase 4,Phase 2 147127-20-6 464205
28 interferons Phase 4,Not Applicable
29
protease inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
30 Adjuvants, Immunologic Phase 4
31 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable
32 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inducers Phase 4
33 Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
34 HIV Protease Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
35 Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 3
36 Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable
37 Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination Phase 4
38 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable
39 Interferon-beta Phase 4
40 Anti-HIV Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
41 Anti-Retroviral Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
42 Atazanavir Sulfate Phase 4,Phase 3
43 Antiviral Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
44
Benzocaine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 1994-09-7, 94-09-7 2337
45 Vedolizumab Approved Phase 3,Phase 2 943609-66-3
46
Aldesleukin Approved Phase 3 85898-30-2, 110942-02-4
47
Cetirizine Approved Phase 3 83881-51-0 2678
48
Acetaminophen Approved Phase 3 103-90-2 1983
49
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 3 75614-87-8, 51-45-6 774
50
Prednisone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 3 53-03-2 5865

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 44)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Methylprednisolone During the Switch Between Natalizumab and Fingolimod Unknown status NCT02769689 Phase 4 Methylprednisolone;Placebo;natalizumab (NTZ);fingolimob (FTY)
2 Natalizumab Temporary Discontinuation Study Completed NCT02775110 Phase 4
3 Nevirapine vs. Atazanavir Boosted With Ritonavir on a Background of Truvada in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infected Naive Patients (NEwArT) Completed NCT00552240 Phase 4 tenofovir DF 300 mg QD;tenofovir DF 300 mg QD;emtricitabine 200 mg QD;emtricitabine 200 mg QD;Nevirapine 200 mg BID;Atazanavir 300 mg;Ritonavir 100 mg
4 Safety and Effectiveness of Switching Relapsing MS Patients Treated With Natalizumab at Risk for PML to Teriflunomide Active, not recruiting NCT01970410 Phase 4 teriflunomide
5 Corticosteroids for Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS) Terminated NCT01211665 Phase 4 Methylprednisolone;Prednisolone
6 Natalizumab De-escalation to Interferon-beta-1b in Patients With Relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis Terminated NCT01701856 Phase 4 Interferon beta-1b
7 PRINCE: Study of Atazanavir (ATV)/Ritonavir (RTV) Completed NCT01099579 Phase 3 Atazanavir powder;Ritonavir oral solution;Atazanavir capsules;Ritonavir capsules
8 Interleukin-2 Plus Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV-Infected Patients With Low CD4+ Counts (SILCAAT Study) Completed NCT00013611 Phase 3 Proleukin
9 An International Study to Evaluate Recombinant Interleukin-2 in HIV Positive Patients Taking Anti-retroviral Therapy Completed NCT00004978 Phase 3 Recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2)
10 Study of Vedolizumab in Patients With Moderate to Severe Crohn's Disease Completed NCT01224171 Phase 3 vedolizumab
11 Study for Participants With Ulcerative Colitis Previously Enrolled in Etrolizumab Phase II/III Studies Recruiting NCT02118584 Phase 3 Etrolizumab
12 Vedolizumab Subcutaneous Long-Term Open-Label Extension Study Recruiting NCT02620046 Phase 3 Vedolizumab SC
13 Long-Term Extension Study of Ofatumumab in Subjects With Pemphigus Vulgaris Terminated NCT02613910 Phase 3 Ofatumumab;Acetaminophen/paracetamol;Antihistamine (cetirizine or equivalent);Prednisone/Prednisolone
14 Early Intensification of Antiretroviral Therapy Including Enfuvirtide in HIV-1-Related Progressive Multifocal Leucoencephalopathy (ANRS125) Completed NCT00120367 Phase 2 Enfuvirtide;Tenofovir-Emtricitabine
15 Comparison of Anti HIV Drugs Used Alone or in Combination With Cytosine Arabinoside to Treat Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV-Infected Patients Completed NCT00001048 Phase 2 Filgrastim;Cytarabine;Zidovudine;Zalcitabine;Didanosine
16 Safety and Effectiveness of Topotecan HCl to Treat HIV-Infected Patients With AIDS-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Completed NCT00002395 Phase 2 Topotecan
17 Long Term Safety of Vedolizumab (MLN0002) in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease Completed NCT00619489 Phase 2 vedolizumab
18 Ofatumumab Dose-finding in Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (RRMS) Patients Completed NCT00640328 Phase 2 Ofatumumab 100;Ofatumumab 300;Ofatumumab 700;Placebo
19 Brentuximab Vedotin for Systemic Sclerosis Recruiting NCT03222492 Phase 1, Phase 2
20 Treatment of Refractory Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived From the Umbilical Cord Not yet recruiting NCT03562065 Phase 1, Phase 2
21 Study to Explore the Effect of Mefloquine in Participants With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Terminated NCT00746941 Phase 1, Phase 2 mefloquine
22 Multi-Drug Desensitization Protocol for Heart Transplant Candidates Terminated NCT01556347 Phase 2 Bortezomib, Thymoglobulin, Rituximab, Gamimune N, (IVIG), Plasmapheresis
23 A Phase I Study Of Etrolizumab Followed By Open-Label Extension And Safety Monitoring In Pediatric Patients With Moderate To Severe Ulcerative Colitis Or Moderate To Severe Crohn's Disease Recruiting NCT03478956 Phase 1 Etrolizumab
24 Retrospective Study of the Survival of Patients Suffering From Hiv-related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Completed NCT02895581
25 A Pilot Study of the Efficacy of Recombinant Alpha Interferon (IFN-A2b) and Zidovudine (AZT) in the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Complicating HIV-1 Infection Completed NCT00002270 Not Applicable Interferon alfa-2b;Zidovudine
26 A Study to Evaluate the Use of Cidofovir (an Experimental Drug) for the Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) in AIDS Patients Completed NCT00000945 Not Applicable Cidofovir;Probenecid
27 Genetics of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Completed NCT00342602
28 JC Virus Reactivation in Multiple Sclerosis Completed NCT02004444
29 A Study of ddI in Patients With AIDS Who Become Sicker While Taking Zidovudine Completed NCT00002274 Not Applicable Didanosine
30 JC Virus Antibody Study of Participants With Relapsing Forms of MS Receiving Treatment With Natalizumab Completed NCT01070836 natalizumab
31 Pharmacokinetic, Immunological and Biochemical Sample Collection and Analysis of a Tysabri Patient Cohort Completed NCT01070719
32 Analysis of Lymphocyte Cell Surface Adhesion Marker Expression in Natalizumab Population With Active Control Completed NCT01626248
33 Drug Exposure Registry for GSK2248761, an Investigational NNRTI Completed NCT01458132 Not Applicable GSK2248761
34 Kaiser Permanente HIV Cohort Study Completed NCT01339403
35 HIV Cohort Study At Johns Hopkins University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and Vanderbilt University Completed NCT01339416
36 An Observational Study of MabThera in Participants With Severe Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Completed NCT01613027
37 Natural History Study of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Recruiting NCT01730131
38 Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy With Ex Vivo Generated Polyomavirus-Specific T-Cells Recruiting NCT02694783 Early Phase 1
39 Difference in Efficacy of Natalizumab Versus Fingolimod for the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis Recruiting NCT01981161
40 BENLYSTA® Special Drug Use Investigation Recruiting NCT03370263 Benlysta
41 Tysabri Observational Cohort Study - Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Registries Active, not recruiting NCT03399981
42 Role of Inflammation in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) Active, not recruiting NCT01132053
43 Evaluating Nulojix (Belatacept) Long-Term Safety in Transplant Active, not recruiting NCT01386359 No Intervention
44 Genetic Evaluation of Natalizumab-Treated Patients With Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Terminated NCT01211639

Search NIH Clinical Center for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

Cochrane evidence based reviews: leukoencephalopathy, progressive multifocal

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Genetic Tests for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Anatomical Context for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

41
Brain, T Cells, Liver, Heart, Kidney, B Cells, Lung
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Publications for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Articles related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy:

(show top 50) (show all 712)
# Title Authors Year
1
Characteristics and outcomes of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in hematologic malignancies and stem cell transplant - a case series. ( 29969336 )
2018
2
Editors' Welcome: Pregnancy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29724377 )
2018
3
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in the absence of immunosuppression. ( 29139004 )
2018
4
A Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patient with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Caused by John Cunningham Virus. ( 29950535 )
2018
5
John Cunningham virus: an overview on biology and disease of the etiological agent of the progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29620790 )
2018
6
Magnetic resonance imaging changes following natalizumab discontinuation in multiple sclerosis patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29343163 )
2018
7
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: Are you aware of it? ( 29321230 )
2018
8
A Punctate Magnetic Resonance Imaging Pattern in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an Early Sign of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: A Clinicopathological Study. ( 29709947 )
2018
9
Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in the Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Era in the French Hospital Database on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (ANRS-C4). ( 29635465 )
2018
10
What Is the Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis or Crohn's Disease Treated With Vedolizumab? ( 29668955 )
2018
11
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with thymoma with immunodeficiency: a case report and literature review. ( 29631544 )
2018
12
A Programme for Risk Assessment and Minimisation of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Developed for Vedolizumab Clinical Trials. ( 29737503 )
2018
13
Antiviral activity of maraviroc plus mirtazapine in a low-risk HIV-negative patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29932090 )
2018
14
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after T-cell replete HLA-haploidentical transplantation with post-transplantation cyclophosphamide graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. ( 29359846 )
2018
15
Correction to: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in rituximab-treated rheumatic diseases: a rare event. ( 29637430 )
2018
16
Do we have enough evidence for recommending therapeutic plasma exchange for patients with natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy? ( 29446163 )
2018
17
Central alveolar hypoventilation due to progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29589583 )
2018
18
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29604971 )
2018
19
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Following Combined Rituximab-Based Immune-Chemotherapy for Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Renal Transplant Recipient: AA CaseA Report. ( 29661457 )
2018
20
"Barbell Sign": A Diagnostic Imaging Finding in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29787494 )
2018
21
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after fingolimod treatment. ( 29669908 )
2018
22
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29304918 )
2018
23
Asymptomatic progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a case report and review of the literature. ( 29960601 )
2018
24
Pathogenesis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and risks associated with treatments for multiple sclerosis: a decade of lessons learned. ( 29656742 )
2018
25
Do we have enough evidence for recommending therapeutic apheresis for natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy patients? Comment on "Guidelines on the use of therapeutic apheresis in clinical practice-evidence-based approach from the Writing Committee of the American Society for apheresis: The seventh special issue." ( 29430694 )
2018
26
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in idiopathic CD4+ lymphocytopenia. ( 29687403 )
2018
27
Diagnostic and prognostic value of JC virus DNA in plasma in Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29346632 )
2018
28
Concurrent progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and central nervous system infiltration by multiple myeloma: A case report. ( 29690814 )
2018
29
Nitazoxanide May Modify the Course of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 29159786 )
2018
30
JC Virus-Related Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Living-Donor Liver Transplant: A Rare Case. ( 28800720 )
2017
31
Is maraviroc useful in multiple sclerosis patients with natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy? ( 28566170 )
2017
32
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients receiving rituximab and cyclophosphamide after haplo-identical T-cell replete transplantation and review of the literature. ( 29132903 )
2017
33
The Risk of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in the Biologic Era: Prevention and Management. ( 27890176 )
2017
34
Evaluation of RAG1 mutations in an adult with combined immunodeficiency and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 28216420 )
2017
35
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a 44-year old male with idiopathic CD4+ T-lymphocytopenia treated with mirtazapine and mefloquine. ( 28879898 )
2017
36
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy - immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (PML-IRIS) in liver transplant recipient. ( 29055444 )
2017
37
Matrix metalloproteinase 9 is decreased in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis patients at risk for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 28681388 )
2017
38
To do or not to do? plasma exchange and timing of steroid administration in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29023856 )
2017
39
Posterior fossa progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: first presentation of an unknown autoimmune disease. ( 29025774 )
2017
40
Association Between BKPyV Serotype I Antibody Level and Natalizumab-Associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy. ( 28836899 )
2017
41
Insight into Metabolic (1)H-MRS Changes in Natalizumab Induced Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Brain Lesions. ( 28928709 )
2017
42
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy: Endemic Viruses and Lethal Brain Disease. ( 28637388 )
2017
43
Corrigendum to "Is maraviroc useful in multiple sclerosis patients with natalizumab-related progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy?" [J. Neurol. Sci. 378 (2017) 233-237]. ( 28870565 )
2017
44
A prominent lactate peak as a potential key magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) feature of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML): Spectrum pattern observed in three patients. ( 28623673 )
2017
45
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. ( 29231623 )
2017
46
Late onset progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in Hodgkin lymphoma. ( 28526178 )
2017
47
Refractory T-Cell Anergy and Rapidly Fatal Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy After Prolonged CTLA4 Therapy. ( 28638849 )
2017
48
Diagnosis and Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Multiple Sclerosis Therapies. ( 28913726 )
2017
49
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy and hematologic malignancies: a single cancer center retrospective review. ( 29296850 )
2017
50
"Lack of knowledge is no excuse" HIV positive patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Case report from Kenya. ( 29200254 )
2017
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Variations for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Expression for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.
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Pathways for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Pathways related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Innate Immune System 66
Show member pathways
 13.77 CD40LG HIF1A IL2 ITGA4 RAG1 RPS27A
2
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 66
Show member pathways
 12.61 CD40LG HIF1A IL2 RAG1 RPS27A STAT1
3
Allograft rejection 1 37
Show member pathways
 12.6 CD40LG IL2 ITGA4 STAT1 TNF
4
Th17 cell differentiation 37
Show member pathways
 12.09 HIF1A IL2 STAT1 TNF
5
Th1 Differentiation Pathway 65
Show member pathways
 12.01 IL2 STAT1 TNF
6
G-protein signaling Ras family GTPases in kinase cascades (scheme) 22
Show member pathways
 11.97 HIF1A MBP STAT1
7
C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway 37
Show member pathways
 11.96 IL2 STAT1 TNF
8
Toxoplasmosis 37
Show member pathways
 11.83 CD40LG ITGA4 STAT1 TNF
9
Adipogenesis 1
11.82 HIF1A STAT1 TNF
10
MAPK Pathway 72
Show member pathways
 11.78 IL2 ITGA4 STAT1
11
Spinal Cord Injury 1
11.75 IL2 MBP TNF
12
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 66
11.71 HIF1A STAT1 TNF
13
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
11.67 HIF1A HTR2A MECP2 TNF
14
NF-kappaB Signaling 4
11.54 CD40LG IL2 RAG1 STAT1 TNF
15
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 65
11.51 IL2 ITGA4 TNF
16
Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes 1
Show member pathways
 11.46 CD40LG IL2 TNF
17
Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling 1
Show member pathways
 11.3 CD40LG IL2 TNF
18
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response 1
11.04 IL2 TNF
Sources

GO Terms for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

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Biological processes related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 17)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II GO:0045944 9.97 HIF1A IL2 RPS27A STAT1 TNF
2 positive regulation of cell proliferation GO:0008284 9.86 HTR2A IL2 MECP2 STAT1
3 MAPK cascade GO:0000165 9.73 IL2 MBP RPS27A TNF
4 positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity GO:0051092 9.69 CD40LG RPS27A TNF
5 immune response GO:0006955 9.65 CD40LG IL2 MBP RAG1 TNF
6 leukocyte cell-cell adhesion GO:0007159 9.55 CD40LG ITGA4
7 positive regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:2000353 9.54 CD40LG ITGA4
8 B cell differentiation GO:0030183 9.54 CD40LG ITGA4 RAG1
9 positive regulation of chemokine production GO:0032722 9.52 HIF1A TNF
10 positive regulation of glycolytic process GO:0045821 9.49 HIF1A HTR2A
11 positive regulation of T cell differentiation GO:0045582 9.48 IL2 RAG1
12 leukocyte tethering or rolling GO:0050901 9.46 ITGA4 TNF
13 negative regulation of thymocyte apoptotic process GO:0070244 9.4 HIF1A RAG1
14 visual learning GO:0008542 9.33 HIF1A MECP2 RAG1
15 regulation of immunoglobulin secretion GO:0051023 9.32 CD40LG TNF
16 tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway GO:0033209 9.26 CD40LG RPS27A STAT1 TNF
17 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 9.02 HIF1A IL2 RPS27A STAT1 TNF

Molecular functions related to Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 histone acetyltransferase binding GO:0035035 9.16 HIF1A STAT1
2 nuclear hormone receptor binding GO:0035257 8.96 HIF1A STAT1
3 tumor necrosis factor receptor binding GO:0005164 8.8 CD40LG STAT1 TNF
Sources

Sources for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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