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PSPA
MCID: PRL009
MIFTS: 63

Prolactinoma (PSPA)

Categories: Blood diseases, Cancer diseases, Endocrine diseases, Genetic diseases, Rare diseases, Reproductive diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Prolactinoma

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Prolactinoma:

Name: Prolactinoma 11 19 58 73 53 43 14 71 75
Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Gland Adenoma 19 28 5 16
Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma 19 58 73
Prl-Secreting Pituitary Adenoma 19 58
Pituitary Lactotrophic Adenoma 19 58
Forbes-Albright Syndrome 19 75
Lactotroph Adenoma 19 58
Prloma 19 58
Pituitary Adenoma, Prolactin-Secreting 11
Prolactinoma of Pituitary Gland 11
Familial Prolactinoma 11
Pspa 73

Characteristics:


Inheritance:

Autosomal dominant 58

Prevelance:

1-5/10000 (United Kingdom, Switzerland) 6-9/10000 (Belgium) 1-9/100000 (Malta) 58

Age Of Onset:

Adolescent,Adult,Childhood,Elderly 58

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Cancer diseases Genetic diseases
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases Endocrine diseases Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32
Orphanet: 58  
Rare infertility disorders
Rare endocrine diseases


Sources

Summaries for Prolactinoma

About this section

GARD: 19 Prolactinoma is a tumor of the pituitary gland that causes increased levels of the hormone prolactin. This hormone normally stimulates breast development and milk production in women. Prolactinoma can affect men or women. In women, the symptoms may include unusual milk production (galactorrhea) when not pregnant or nursing and having no menstrual cycles (amenorrhea). In men, the most common symptoms are decreased sex drive and infertility. Most Prolactinomas occur by chance (sporadically) in people with no family history. In a small number of cases, Prolactinoma may be caused by a genetic condition such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) or familial isolated pituitary adenoma.

MalaCards based summary: Prolactinoma, also known as prolactin-producing pituitary gland adenoma, is related to prolactin producing pituitary tumor and pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types. An important gene associated with Prolactinoma is MEN1 (Menin 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are GPCR downstream signalling and Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors). The drugs Bromocriptine and Dopamine have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include pituitary, breast and bone marrow, and related phenotypes are impotence and galactorrhea

Orphanet: 58 A rare, usually benign, neoplasm of the anterior pituitary gland that results in hyperprolactinemia. The most common clinical manifestations are amenorrhea and infertility in women; and impotence, decreased libido and infertility in men.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: 73 Most common type of hormonally active pituitary adenoma.

Wikipedia 75 Prolactinoma: A prolactinoma is a tumor (adenoma) of the pituitary gland that produces the hormone prolactin. It is... more...

Forbes-albright syndrome: Hyperprolactinaemia is the presence of abnormally high levels of prolactin in the blood. Normal levels... more...
Sources

Related Diseases for Prolactinoma

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Diseases related to Prolactinoma via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 493)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 prolactin producing pituitary tumor 32.0 SSTR5 PRL POMC MEN1 IGF1 DRD2
2 pituitary adenoma 1, multiple types 32.0 SST PRL MEN1 IGF1 GH1 AIP
3 pituitary tumors 31.6 SSTR5 SST PTTG1 PRL MEN1 IGF1
4 galactorrhea 31.6 PRL IGF1 DRD2
5 hyperprolactinemia 31.4 TRH SST PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1
6 hypogonadism 31.1 PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1 GH1
7 amenorrhea 31.1 TRH PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1
8 hyperparathyroidism 30.9 PRKAR1A MEN1 IGF1
9 diabetes insipidus 30.9 PRL POMC GH1
10 multiple endocrine neoplasia, type i 30.9 SST PRL PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 AIP
11 adenoma 30.9 TRH SSTR5 SST PTTG1 PRL PRKAR1A
12 pituitary adenoma 30.9 TRH SSTR5 SST PTTG1 PRL PRKAR1A
13 multiple endocrine neoplasia 30.8 SST PRL PRKAR1A POMC MEN1 AIP
14 hypopituitarism 30.8 TRH PRL POU1F1 POMC IGF1 GNRH1
15 neuroendocrine tumor 30.7 SST POMC MEN1 IGF1
16 empty sella syndrome 30.7 TRH PRL POU1F1 POMC IGF1 GNRH1
17 premature ovarian failure 7 30.7 POMC GH1
18 gangliocytoma 30.6 SST PRL POMC
19 pituitary apoplexy 30.6 TRH SST PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1
20 gynecomastia 30.6 PRL POMC GNRH1 ESR1 DRD2
21 parathyroid adenoma 30.6 PRL PRKAR1A MEN1
22 central diabetes insipidus 30.6 TRH PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1 GH1
23 chromophobe adenoma 30.6 TRH PRL POMC GH1
24 anovulation 30.6 PRL IGF1 GNRH1 DRD2
25 hypothyroidism 30.5 TRH SST PRL POU1F1 POMC IGF1
26 insulinoma 30.5 SSTR5 SST MEN1 GH1
27 meningioma, familial 30.5 SSTR5 SST PRL PRKAR1A POMC MEN1
28 craniopharyngioma 30.5 TRH PTTG1 PRL POU1F1 IGF1 GNRH1
29 acromegaly 30.4 TRH SSTR5 SST PRL POMC MEN1
30 polycystic ovary syndrome 30.4 PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1 GH1
31 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 30.4 PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1 ESR1
32 primary hyperparathyroidism 30.4 PRL PRKAR1A MEN1 LRP2 GH1 AIP
33 neuroendocrine carcinoma 30.4 SST MEN1 ESR1
34 lactocele 30.3 TRH PRL
35 pituitary cancer 30.3 SSTR5 SST PTTG1 PRL PRKAR1A POMC
36 gastrinoma 30.3 SSTR5 SST POMC MEN1
37 goiter 30.3 TRH SST PRL IGF1
38 functioning pituitary adenoma 30.2 TRH SSTR5 SST PRL PRKAR1A POU1F1
39 abducens palsy 30.2 PRL POMC
40 pheochromocytoma 30.2 SST PRL POMC NGFR MEN1 IGF1
41 adrenal adenoma 30.2 PRKAR1A POMC MEN1
42 fibrous dysplasia 30.2 SST PRL IGF1 GH1
43 hyperandrogenism 30.2 PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1 GH1
44 insulin-like growth factor i 30.2 SST PRL LRP2 IGF1 GH1 ESR1
45 leptin deficiency or dysfunction 30.2 TRH POMC IGF1 GNRH1
46 carcinoid syndrome 30.2 SST IGF1
47 myoma 30.2 PRL GNRH1 ESR1
48 skin tag 30.2 PRL PRKAR1A IGF1
49 carcinoid tumors, intestinal 30.2 SST MEN1
50 hypoglycemia 30.2 TRH SST PRL POMC IGF1 GH1

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Prolactinoma:



Diseases related to Prolactinoma
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Prolactinoma

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Human phenotypes related to Prolactinoma:

58 30 (show top 50) (show all 55)
# Description HPO Frequency Orphanet Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 impotence 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0000802
2 galactorrhea 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0100829
3 decreased fertility in males 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0012041
4 male hypogonadism 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0000026
5 irregular menstruation 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0000858
6 amenorrhea 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0000141
7 decreased fertility in females 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0000868
8 female hypogonadism 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0000134
9 decreased female libido 58 30 Hallmark (90%) Very frequent (99-80%)
 HP:0030018
10 hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 30 Hallmark (90%) HP:0000044
11 hypotension 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0002615
12 osteopenia 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0000938
13 vomiting 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0002013
14 fatigue 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0012378
15 progressive visual loss 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0000529
16 osteoporosis 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0000939
17 pallor 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0000980
18 easy fatigability 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0003388
19 gynecomastia 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0000771
20 headache 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0002315
21 dyspareunia 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0030016
22 pituitary hypothyroidism 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0008245
23 adrenocorticotropic hormone deficiency 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0011748
24 decreased circulating acth level 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0002920
25 secondary growth hormone deficiency 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0008240
26 adrenocorticotropin deficient adrenal insufficiency 58 30 Frequent (33%) Frequent (79-30%)
 HP:0011735
27 abnormal hair quantity 30 Frequent (33%) HP:0011362
28 seizure 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0001250
29 ptosis 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0000508
30 diplopia 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0000651
31 blindness 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0000618
32 delayed puberty 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0000823
33 vertigo 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0002321
34 oculomotor nerve palsy 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0012246
35 sudden loss of visual acuity 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0001117
36 fourth cranial nerve palsy 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0007011
37 internal ophthalmoplegia 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0007942
38 bitemporal hemianopia 58 30 Occasional (7.5%) Occasional (29-5%)
 HP:0030521
39 abducens palsy 30 Occasional (7.5%) HP:0006897
40 elevated circulating growth hormone concentration 30 Occasional (7.5%) HP:0000845
41 nausea and vomiting 58 Frequent (79-30%)
42 cranial nerve paralysis 58 Occasional (29-5%)
43 hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism 58 Very frequent (99-80%)
44 anterior hypopituitarism 58 Occasional (29-5%)
45 abnormality of the menstrual cycle 58 Very frequent (99-80%)
46 erectile dysfunction 58 Very frequent (99-80%)
47 growth hormone excess 58 Occasional (29-5%)
48 hypogonadism 58 Very frequent (99-80%)
49 hemianopia 58 Occasional (29-5%)
50 low gonadotropins (secondary hypogonadism) 58 Very frequent (99-80%)

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Prolactinoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

25
# Description GenomeRNAi Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 no effect GR00402-S-1 10.18 AIP BMP4 CDH23 CORT DRD2 ESR1
2 no effect GR00402-S-2 10.18 AIP CDH23 DRD2 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Prolactinoma:

45 (show all 25)
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 homeostasis/metabolism MP:0005376 10.56 AIP BMP4 CDH23 CORT DRD2 ESR1
2 growth/size/body region MP:0005378 10.51 AIP BMP4 CDH23 CORT DRD2 ESR1
3 nervous system MP:0003631 10.5 BMP4 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 GNRH1
4 endocrine/exocrine gland MP:0005379 10.45 AIP BMP4 CORT DRD2 ESR1 GH1
5 renal/urinary system MP:0005367 10.37 BMP4 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1
6 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 10.34 BMP4 CDH23 CORT DRD2 ESR1 GH1
7 liver/biliary system MP:0005370 10.32 AIP BMP4 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 GNRH1
8 normal MP:0002873 10.31 BMP4 CORT DRD2 ESR1 GNRH1 IGF1
9 cellular MP:0005384 10.29 AIP BMP4 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 IGF1
10 immune system MP:0005387 10.28 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1
11 neoplasm MP:0002006 10.27 AIP DRD2 ESR1 GNRH1 IGF1 MEN1
12 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 10.25 BMP4 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GNRH1 LRP2
13 cardiovascular system MP:0005385 10.23 AIP BMP4 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 IGF1
14 adipose tissue MP:0005375 10.22 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 IGF1 POMC
15 no phenotypic analysis MP:0003012 10.21 BMP4 DRD2 ESR1 LRP2 POMC PTTG1
16 reproductive system MP:0005389 10.13 BMP4 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 GNRH1
17 limbs/digits/tail MP:0005371 10.12 BMP4 DRD2 ESR1 IGF1 LRP2 NGFR
18 skeleton MP:0005390 10.07 BMP4 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GNRH1 IGF1
19 craniofacial MP:0005382 10.04 BMP4 CDH23 LRP2 MEN1 NGFR POU1F1
20 pigmentation MP:0001186 10.02 DRD2 LRP2 POMC POU1F1 PRKAR1A
21 hearing/vestibular/ear MP:0005377 10.02 BMP4 CDH23 IGF1 LRP2 NGFR POU1F1
22 respiratory system MP:0005388 10.02 BMP4 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 IGF1 LRP2
23 hematopoietic system MP:0005397 9.97 BMP4 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GH1 GNRH1
24 mortality/aging MP:0010768 9.83 AIP BMP4 CDH23 DRD2 ESR1 GH1
25 integument MP:0010771 9.32 AIP BMP4 DRD2 ESR1 GNRH1 IGF1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Prolactinoma

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Drugs for Prolactinoma (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 52)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Bromocriptine Approved, Investigational, Withdrawn Phase 4 25614-03-3 31101
2
Dopamine Approved Phase 4 62-31-7, 51-61-6 681
3
Cabergoline Approved Phase 4 81409-90-7 54746
4
Quinagolide Approved, Investigational Phase 4 87056-78-8
5 Cardiotonic Agents Phase 4
6 Neurotransmitter Agents Phase 4
7 Dopamine agonists Phase 4
8 Dopamine Agents Phase 4
9 Sympathomimetics Phase 4
10 Protective Agents Phase 4
11
Somatostatin Approved, Investigational Phase 2, Phase 3 38916-34-6, 51110-01-1 53481605 16129706
12
Pasireotide Approved Phase 2, Phase 3 396091-73-9 56841596 9941444
13 Antiparkinson Agents Phase 2, Phase 3
14
Sodium citrate Approved, Investigational Phase 2 68-04-2 23431961
15
Clomifene Approved, Investigational Phase 2 911-45-5 2800
16
Ropinirole Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 91374-21-9 5095
17
Lapatinib Approved, Investigational Phase 2 231277-92-2, 388082-78-8 208908
18
Citric acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 2 77-92-9 311
19
Enclomiphene Investigational Phase 2 15690-57-0 1548953
20 Estrogens Phase 2
21 Estrogen Receptor Modulators Phase 2
22 Estrogen Receptor Antagonists Phase 2
23 Estrogen Antagonists Phase 2
24 Zuclomiphene Phase 2
25 Citrate Phase 2
26 Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators Phase 2
27 Protein Kinase Inhibitors Phase 2
28
Turmeric Approved, Experimental, Investigational Phase 1
29
Curcumin Approved, Investigational Phase 1 458-37-7, 84765-67-3 969516
30
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 1 1177-87-3 3680
31
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 1 50-02-2 3003 5743
32 Antirheumatic Agents Phase 1
33 Turmeric extract Phase 1
34 Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Phase 1
35 Analgesics, Non-Narcotic Phase 1
36 Analgesics Phase 1
37 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 1
38 Hormones Phase 1
39 Hormone Antagonists Phase 1
40 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 1
41 R04929097 Phase 1
42 Antiemetics Phase 1
43 glucocorticoids Phase 1
44 BB 1101 Phase 1
45 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 1
46
Hydroxychloroquine Approved 118-42-3 3652
47
Chloroquine Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved 54-05-7 2719
48
Metronidazole Approved 443-48-1, 69198-10-3 4173
49 Chloroquine diphosphate 50-63-5
50 Insulin, Globin Zinc

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 21)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 PRolaCT - Three Multicenter Prolactinoma Randomized Clinical Trials Recruiting NCT04107480 Phase 4 Dopamine Agonists
2 Somatostatin and Dopamine Receptors Expression in Non-functioning Pituitary Adenomas and Resistant Prolactinomas: Correlation With in Vitro and in Vivo Responsiveness to Somatostatin Analogs and Dopamine Agonist Completed NCT01620138 Phase 2, Phase 3 Pasireotide;cabergoline
3 Recovery of Gonadal Function by Clomiphene in Males With Prolactinomas and Persistent Hypogonadism Completed NCT00697814 Phase 2 Clomiphene citrate
4 Treatment of Hyperprolactinemia With the Non-ergoline Dopamine Agonist Ropinirole: A Dose Escalation Study of Efficacy and Tolerability Completed NCT03038308 Phase 1, Phase 2 Ropinirole
5 Targeted Therapy With Lapatinib in Patients With Recurrent Pituitary Tumors Resistant to Standard Therapy Completed NCT00939523 Phase 2 Lapatinib
6 Turmeric Effect on Reduction of Serum Prolactin and Related Hormonal Change and Adenoma Size in Prolactinoma Patients Unknown status NCT01344291 Phase 1 Curcumin
7 A PHASE 1/2 STUDY OF RO4929097, AN ORAL SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITOR OF GAMMA-SECRETASE, IN CHILDREN WITH RELAPSED/REFRACTORY SOLID OR CNS TUMORS, LYMPHOMA, OR T-CELL LEUKEMIA Terminated NCT01088763 Phase 1 gamma-secretase/Notch signalling pathway inhibitor RO4929097;dexamethasone
8 The Predictive Value of Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance (PET-MR) Mediated Dopamine D2 Receptors Imaging in the Drug Therapy of of Prolactinomas. Unknown status NCT03717454 Drug treatment
9 The Effect of Combined Treatment of Cabergoline With Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine for Resistant Prolactinomas Unknown status NCT03400865 HCQ/CQ and CAB combined treatment
10 Interdisciplinary Pituitary Disorders Centre of Excellence: Assessment of Patient Education Tools Unknown status NCT01775332
11 Dopamine Agonists Withdrawal Study of Invasive Prolactinomas Involving the Cavernous Sinus Unknown status NCT02536261
12 Efficacy of Rapid Escalation of Cabergoline in Comparison to Conventional Dosing in Prolactin Secreting Macroadenomas. Unknown status NCT01143584 Cabergoline;cabergoline
13 Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Non-Obese Women With Prolactinoma Treated With Dopamine Agonists Completed NCT00481299
14 Comparison of Exercise Capacity, Physical Activity Level and Quality of Life in Prolactinoma Patients and Healthy Individuals Completed NCT05236829
15 Rhinological Outcomes in Endonasal Pituitary Surgery: A Multi-Center Observational Cohort Study Completed NCT01504399
16 Observational Study to Investigate the Prevalence of Cardiac Abnormalities and Valvular Regurgitation in Patients With Prolactinomas Treated Chronically With Cabergoline Completed NCT00460616 Cabergoline
17 Validation of a Novel Patient-Reported Quality of Life Metric "Prolac-10" for Patients Undergoing Medical Therapy for Prolactinoma Recruiting NCT04106531
18 Prospective Randomized Clinical Study on Transsphenoidal or Dopamine Drugs Therapy Treat Non-invasive Prolactinoma Recruiting NCT03353025 dopamine agonist treatment
19 Comparison of Treatment Outcome of Cabergoline According to Target Prolactin Levels in Patients With Prolactinoma: A Prospective, Randomized, Open Label, Active-controlled, Clinical Trial Recruiting NCT03457389 Cabergoline
20 A Clinical and Genetic Investigation of Pituitary and HYPOTHALAMIC Tumors and Related Disorders Recruiting NCT00001595
21 Seoul National University Pituitary Disease Cohort Study Recruiting NCT03474601

Search NIH Clinical Center for Prolactinoma

Cochrane evidence based reviews: prolactinoma

Sources

Genetic Tests for Prolactinoma

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Genetic tests related to Prolactinoma:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Prolactin-Producing Pituitary Gland Adenoma 28
Sources

Anatomical Context for Prolactinoma

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Organs/tissues related to Prolactinoma:

MalaCards : Pituitary, Breast, Bone Marrow, Thyroid, Bone, Hypothalamus, T Cells
Sources

Publications for Prolactinoma

About this section

Articles related to Prolactinoma:

(show top 50) (show all 3266)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Clinical Review#: Potential cardiac valve effects of dopamine agonists in hyperprolactinemia. 53 62
20130078 2010
2
Evolution of an aggressive prolactinoma into a growth hormone secreting pituitary tumor coincident with GNAS gene mutation. 53 62
19890024 2010
3
Proteomic analysis of prolactinoma cells by immuno-laser capture microdissection combined with online two-dimensional nano-scale liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. 53 62
20205839 2010
4
The role of serum PRL bioactivity evaluation in hyperprolactinaemic women with different menstrual disorders. 53 62
19905999 2009
5
Long-term results of stereotactic radiosurgery in secretory pituitary adenomas. 53 62
19509108 2009
6
An Intronic mutation is associated with prolactinoma in a young boy, decreased penetrance in his large family, and variable effects on MEN1 mRNA and protein. 53 62
19391077 2009
7
Genes differentially expressed in prolactinomas responsive and resistant to dopamine agonists. 53 62
18791324 2009
8
Effects of fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor antagonist, on MMQ cells and its mechanism. 53 62
19675520 2009
9
Somatostatinergic ligands in dopamine-sensitive and -resistant prolactinomas. 53 62
18426817 2008
10
Endocrine actions of cortistatin: in vivo studies. 53 62
18281148 2008
11
Growth hormone producing prolactinoma in juvenile cystinosis: a simple coincidence? 53 62
17638022 2008
12
Prolactinoma and estrogens: pregnancy, contraception and hormonal replacement therapy. 53 62
17540335 2007
13
What are the markers of aggressiveness in prolactinomas? Changes in cell biology, extracellular matrix components, angiogenesis and genetics. 53 62
17287403 2007
14
Giant prolactinomas in adolescence: an uncommon cause of blindness. 53 62
16983572 2007
15
PTTG expression in different experimental and human prolactinomas in relation to dopaminergic control of lactotropes. 53 62
17222350 2007
16
[IGF-1 plasma levels evaluation in prolactinoma]. 53 62
17057896 2006
17
Application of new homologous in vitro bioassays for human lactogens to assess the actual bioactivity of human prolactin isoforms in hyperprolactinaemic patients. 53 62
16886952 2006
18
Giant invasive pituitary prolactinoma with falsely low serum prolactin: the significance of 'hook effect'. 53 62
16598425 2006
19
Cortistatin-17 and somatostatin-14 display the same effects on growth hormone, prolactin, and insulin secretion in patients with acromegaly or prolactinoma. 53 62
16449338 2006
20
Bone morphogenetic protein-4 control of pituitary pathophysiology. 53 62
16809920 2006
21
Genesis of prolactinomas: studies using estrogen-treated animals. 53 62
16809921 2006
22
A case of macroprolactinoma and elevated insulin-like growth factor-I in a young boy. 53 62
16421054 2005
23
Treatment of pituitary tumors: dopamine agonists. 53 62
16311416 2005
24
Hypercalcemia and local production of parathyroid hormone-related protein by a perisellar rhabdomyosarcoma after remote pituitary irradiation. 53 62
16239205 2005
25
Angiogenesis in prolactinomas: regulation and relationship with tumour behaviour. 53 62
16411064 2005
26
[The best approach to treat prolactinoma]. 53 62
15559242 2004
27
Prolactin and prostate hypertrophy: a pilot observational, prospective, case-control study in men with prolactinoma. 53 62
15181056 2004
28
Immunolocalization of Pit-1 in gonadotroph nuclei is indicative of the transdifferentiation of gonadotroph to lactotroph cells in prolactinomas induced by estrogen. 53 62
15221415 2004
29
The novel somatostatin analog SOM230 is a potent inhibitor of hormone release by growth hormone- and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas in vitro. 53 62
15070915 2004
30
Nerve growth factor restores p53 function in pituitary tumor cell lines via trkA-mediated activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. 53 62
14525955 2004
31
Somatostatin receptors in pituitary function, diagnosis and therapy. 53 62
15281350 2004
32
Diagnosis and management of pituitary tumors: recent advances. 53 62
15024895 2003
33
Laminin inhibits lactotroph proliferation and is reduced in early prolactinoma development. 53 62
12972179 2003
34
Gene expression study of thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) receptor using RT-PCR: relationship to clinical and immunohistochemical phenotypes in a series of human pituitary adenomas. 53 62
14599121 2003
35
Integrating systemic information at the molecular level: cross-talk between steroid receptors and cytokine signaling on different target cells. 53 62
12794059 2003
36
Human pituitary tumor-transforming gene (PTTG1) motif suppresses prolactin expression. 53 62
12554778 2003
37
Macroprolactinaemia associated with prolactin adenoma. 53 62
12660284 2003
38
[The role of somatostatin analogues in the treatment of hypophyseal adenomas]. 53 62
12621362 2003
39
Involvement of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP-4) in pituitary prolactinoma pathogenesis through a Smad/estrogen receptor crosstalk. 53 62
12552124 2003
40
Leukemia inhibitory factor regulates prolactin secretion in prolactinoma and lactotroph cells. 53 62
12574225 2003
41
Evaluation of endocrine tests. A: the TRH test in patients with hyperprolactinaemia. 53 62
12735420 2003
42
[New mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of pituitary adenomas]. 53 62
12793085 2003
43
Role of E-cadherin, alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenins, and p120 (cell adhesion molecules) in prolactinoma behavior. 53 62
12481018 2002
44
The multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 gene product, menin, inhibits the human prolactin promoter activity. 53 62
12459032 2002
45
"Hook effect" in prolactinomas: case report and review of literature. 53 62
12173917 2002
46
Gender-related differences in prolactin secretion in pituitary prolactinomas. 53 62
12012125 2002
47
The High Mobility Group A2 gene is amplified and overexpressed in human prolactinomas. 53 62
11956103 2002
48
Nerve growth factor regulates dopamine D(2) receptor expression in prolactinoma cell lines via p75(NGFR)-mediated activation of nuclear factor-kappaB. 53 62
11818506 2002
49
A luteinizing hormone-, alpha-subunit- and prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma responsive to somatostatin analogs: in vivo and in vitro studies. 53 62
11415850 2001
50
Ghrelin and growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor (GHSR) mRNA expression in human pituitary adenomas. 53 62
11422110 2001
Sources

Variations for Prolactinoma

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Prolactinoma:

5
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID Position
1 LRP2 NM_004525.3(LRP2):c.13753C>T (p.Arg4585Ter) SNV Likely Pathogenic
 374076 rs202057289 GRCh37: 2:169985570-169985570
GRCh38: 2:169129060-169129060

Cosmic variations for Prolactinoma:

8 (show all 14)
# Cosmic Mut ID Gene Symbol COSMIC Disease Classification
(Primary site, Site subtype, Primary histology, Histology subtype)		 Mutation CDS Mutation AA GRCh38 Location Conf
1 COSM87132301 PIK3CA pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.1624G>A p.E542K 3:179218294-179218294 20
2 COSM148932717 PIK3CA pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.1624G>A p.E542K 3:179218294-179218294 20
3 COSM148932735 PIK3CA pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.*153A>G p.? 3:179234230-179234230 20
4 COSM87132318 PIK3CA pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.3073A>G p.T1025A 3:179234230-179234230 20
5 COSM101951679 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.35G>T p.G12V 11:534288-534288 20
6 COSM101967337 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.35G>T p.G12V 11:534288-534288 20
7 COSM105721467 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.35G>T p.G12V 11:534288-534288 20
8 COSM112988978 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.34G>C p.G12R 11:534289-534289 20
9 COSM91331236 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.35G>T p.G12V 11:534288-534288 20
10 COSM112988917 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.35G>T p.G12V 11:534288-534288 20
11 COSM105721542 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.34G>C p.G12R 11:534289-534289 20
12 COSM101951743 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.34G>C p.G12R 11:534289-534289 20
13 COSM91331304 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.34G>C p.G12R 11:534289-534289 20
14 COSM101967380 HRAS pituitary,NS,adenoma,PRL c.34G>C p.G12R 11:534289-534289 20
Sources

Expression for Prolactinoma

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Prolactinoma.
Sources

Pathways for Prolactinoma

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Pathways related to Prolactinoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 12)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
GPCR downstream signalling 66
Show member pathways
 13.31 TRH SSTR5 SST PRKAR1A POMC GNRH1
2
Class A/1 (Rhodopsin-like receptors) 66
Show member pathways
 13.13 TRH SSTR5 SST POMC GNRH1 DRD2
3
Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency 64
Show member pathways
 12.96 BMP4 CDH23 ESR1 GH1 GNRH1 IGF1
4
Signal Transduction 66
12.81 TRH SSTR5 SST PRKAR1A POMC NGFR
5
p70S6K Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 12.76 PRKAR1A NGFR IGF1 GNRH1 GH1 BMP4
6
Overview of interferons-mediated signaling pathway 74
Show member pathways
 12.41 NGFR IGF1 GNRH1 GH1 BMP4
7
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.05 PRKAR1A NGFR IGF1 GNRH1 GH1 BMP4
8
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers 65
11.65 NGFR IGF1 BMP4
9
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network 61
11.54 PRL POU1F1 POMC
10
G-protein signaling_RhoA regulation pathway 22
11.41 PRKAR1A IGF1 GNRH1 GH1 BMP4
11
Antipsychotics Pathway (Metabolic Side Effects), Pharmacodynamics 60
10.63 PRL POMC DRD2
12
Hormonal control of pubertal growth spurt 74
9.56 SST GNRH1
Sources

GO Terms for Prolactinoma

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Cellular components related to Prolactinoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 endosome lumen GO:0031904 9.1 PRL LRP2 GH1

Biological processes related to Prolactinoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of fibroblast proliferation GO:0048146 9.8 NGFR IGF1 ESR1
2 negative regulation of cell population proliferation GO:0008285 9.73 BMP4 DRD2 MEN1 POU1F1 SST SSTR5
3 adenohypophysis development GO:0021984 9.67 POU1F1 DRD2
4 positive regulation of miRNA transcription GO:1902895 9.65 PRL NGFR BMP4
5 signal transduction GO:0007165 9.53 TRH SSTR5 PRL POMC NGFR IGF1
6 regulation of branching involved in prostate gland morphogenesis GO:0060687 9.46 ESR1 BMP4

Molecular functions related to Prolactinoma according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 hormone activity GO:0005179 9.47 TRH SST PRL POMC IGF1 GNRH1
2 prolactin receptor binding GO:0005148 9.26 PRL GH1
Sources

Sources for Prolactinoma

About this section
2 CDC
6 CNVD
8 Cosmic
9 dbSNP
10 DGIdb
16 EFO
17 ExPASy
18 FMA
19 GARD
27 GO
28 GTR
29 HMDB
30 HPO
31 ICD10
32 ICD10 via Orphanet
33 ICD11
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 LifeMap
38 LOVD
40 MedGen
43 MeSH
44 MESH via Orphanet
45 MGI
48 NCI
49 NCIt
50 NDF-RT
52 NINDS
53 Novoseek
55 ODiseA
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)
61 PubChem
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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