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COPD
MCID: PLM129
MIFTS: 74

Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive (COPD)

Categories: Infectious diseases, Mental diseases, Respiratory diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:

Name: Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive 57 74 73 44 37
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 12 74 36 29 6 3 15 62 17
Copd 57 12 73 42 3 62
Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 12 73 15
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Severe Early-Onset 57 13
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Susceptibility to 29 6
Chronic Obstructive Airway Disease 12 71
Pulmonary Disease, Obstructive, Chronic, Susceptibility to 39
Severe Early-Onset Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 73
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease of Horses 71
Pulmonary Disease Chronic Obstructive 54
Upper Respiratory Infections 71
Common Cold 71
Cold 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Respiratory diseases Mental diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:3083
OMIM® 57 606963
KEGG 36 H01714
MeSH 44 D029424
NCIt 50 C3199
SNOMED-CT 67 13645005
UMLS 71 C0009443 C0024117 C0041912 more
Sources

Summaries for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

About this section
MedlinePlus : 42 What is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)? COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is a group of lung diseases that make it hard to breathe and get worse over time. Normally, the airways and air sacs in your lungs are elastic or stretchy. When you breathe in, the airways bring air to the air sacs. The air sacs fill up with air, like a small balloon. When you breathe out, the air sacs deflate, and the air goes out. If you have COPD, less air flows in and out of your airways because of one or more problems: The airways and air sacs in your lungs become less elastic The walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed The walls of the airways become thick and inflamed The airways make more mucus than usual and can become clogged What are the types of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)? COPD includes two main types: Emphysema affects the air sacs in your lungs, as well as the walls between them. They become damaged and are less elastic. Chronic bronchitis, in which the lining of your airways is constantly irritated and inflamed. This causes the lining to swell and make mucus. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but how severe each type is can be different from person to person. What causes COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)? The cause of COPD is usually long-term exposure to irritants that damage your lungs and airways. In the United States, cigarette smoke is the main cause. Pipe, cigar, and other types of tobacco smoke can also cause COPD, especially if you inhale them. Exposure to other inhaled irritants can contribute to COPD. These include secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes or dusts from the environment or workplace. Rarely, a genetic condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency can play a role in causing COPD. Who is at risk for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)? The risk factors for COPD include Smoking. This the main risk factor. Up to 75 percent of people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke. Long-term exposure to other lung irritants, such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, and chemical fumes and dusts from the environment or workplace Age. Most people who have COPD are at least 40 years old when their symptoms begin. Genetics. This includes alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, which is a genetic condition. Also, smokers who get COPD are more likely to get it if they have a family history of COPD. What are the symptoms of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)? At first, you may have no symptoms or only mild symptoms. As the disease gets worse, your symptoms usually become more severe. They can include Frequent coughing or a cough that produces a lot mucus Wheezing A whistling or squeaky sound when you breathe Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity Tightness in your chest Some people with COPD get frequent respiratory infections such as colds and the flu. In severe cases, COPD can cause weight loss, weakness in your lower muscles, and swelling in your ankles, feet, or legs. How is COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) diagnosed? To make a diagnosis, your health care provider Will ask about your medical history and family history Will ask about your symptoms May do lab tests, such as lung function tests, a chest x-ray or CT scan, and blood tests Your doctor will diagnose COPD based on your signs and symptoms, your medical and family histories, and test results. What are the treatments for COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)? There is no cure for COPD. However, treatments can help with symptoms, slow the progress of the disease, and improve your ability to stay active. There are also treatments to prevent or treat complications of the disease. Treatments include Lifestyle changes, such as Quitting smoking if you are a smoker. This is the most important step you can take to treat COPD. Avoiding secondhand smoke and places where you might breathe in other lung irritants Ask your health care provider for an eating plan that will meet your nutritional needs. Also ask about how much physical activity you can do. Physical activity can strengthen the muscles that help you breathe and improve your overall wellness. Medicines, such as Bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around your airways. This helps open your airways and makes breathing easier. Most bronchodilators are taken through an inhaler. In more severe cases, the inhaler may also contain steroids to reduce inflammation. Vaccines for the flu and pneumococcal pneumonia, since people with COPD are at higher risk for serious problems from these diseases Antibiotics if you get a bacterial or viral lung infection Oxygen therapy, if you have severe COPD and low levels of oxygen in your blood. Oxygen therapy can help you breathe better. You may need extra oxygen all the time or only at certain times. Pulmonary rehabilitation, which is a program that helps improve the well-being of people who have chronic breathing problems. It may include An exercise program Disease management training Nutritional counseling Psychological counseling Surgery, usually as a last resort for people who have severe symptoms that have not gotten better with medicines: For COPD that is mainly related to emphysema, there are surgeries that Remove damaged lung tissue Remove large air spaces (bullae) that can form when air sacs are destroyed. The bullae can interfere with breathing. For severe COPD, some people may need lung transplant If you have COPD, it's important to know when and where to get help for your symptoms. You should get emergency care if you have severe symptoms, such as trouble catching your breath or talking. Call your health care provider if your symptoms are getting worse or if you have signs of an infection, such as a fever. Can COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) be prevented? Since smoking causes most cases of COPD, the best way to prevent it is to not smoke. It's also important to try to avoid lung irritants such as secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, and dusts. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

MalaCards based summary : Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, also known as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is related to respiratory failure and alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, and has symptoms including tremor, fever and angina pectoris. An important gene associated with Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive is MMP1 (Matrix Metallopeptidase 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways and Rheumatoid arthritis. The drugs Liraglutide and Caspofungin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include lung, heart and endothelial, and related phenotype is chronic pulmonary obstruction.

Disease Ontology : 12 An obstructive lung disease that is characterized by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease.

OMIM® : 57 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common, complex disorder associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. COPD is defined by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. Airflow obstruction is typically determined by reductions in quantitative spirometric indices, including forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) (Silverman et al., 2002; Celedon et al., 2004). (606963) (Updated 05-Mar-2021)

CDC : 3 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

KEGG : 36 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a representative chronic inflammatory disorder of the lungs that includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema. COPD is characterized by airway inflammation and progressive airflow obstruction, most commonly caused by cigarette smoking. The major symptoms of which patients complain are cough, breathlessness, and sputum production. COPD is associated with underlying inflammation in response to chronic exposure to noxious particulates and gases and with a number of comorbid conditions. The onset of COPD generally occurs in the 6th to 8th decades of life. Early onset COPD is defined as disease onset before the age of 50 years, irrespective of smoking history. The presence of persons with early onset, severely reduced pulmonary function suggests that individuals may vary in their genetic susceptibility to the effects of smoking. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency is the only proven genetic risk factor for COPD. Bronchodilators are the mainstay of treatment since they improve lung function and reduce acute exacerbations. Long-acting inhaled bronchodilators are recommended as first line treatment for patients with persistent symptoms.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 73 Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive: A common, complex disorder defined by irreversible airflow obstruction due to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and/or small airways disease. Airflow obstruction is typically determined by reductions in quantitative spirometric indices, including forced expiratory volume at 1 second (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC).

PubMed Health : 62 About chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary (PULL-mun-ary) disease, is a progressive disease that makes it hard to breathe. "Progressive" means the disease gets worse over time. COPD can cause coughing that produces large amounts of mucus (a slimy substance), wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and other symptoms. Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of COPD. Most people who have COPD smoke or used to smoke. Long-term exposure to other lung irritants—such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust—also may contribute to COPD.

Wikipedia : 74 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a type of obstructive lung disease characterized by... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

About this section

Diseases related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1883)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 respiratory failure 33.1 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 PDE4A MUC5AC ELANE
2 alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency 32.8 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 MMP12 MMP1 ELANE
3 asthma 32.7 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 PDE4A MUC5AC MMP12
4 muckle-wells syndrome 32.5 TNF CXCL8 CRP
5 pleural disease 32.3 TNF CXCL8 CRP
6 pulmonary hypertension 32.3 TNF SERPINA1 PDE4A HMOX1 ELANE CXCL8
7 pneumonia 32.1 TNF SERPINA1 MMP12 HMOX1 ELANE CXCL8
8 bronchiectasis 32.1 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 ELANE CXCL8 CRP
9 granulomatosis with polyangiitis 32.1 TNF SERPINA1 ELANE CRP
10 blood group, globoside system 32.1 TNF CXCL8 CRP
11 pulmonary emphysema 31.9 SERPINA3 SERPINA1 MMP12 MMP1 HMOX1 ELANE
12 haemophilus influenzae 31.9 TNF CXCL8
13 sleep apnea 31.8 TNF CXCL8 CRP
14 bacterial infectious disease 31.8 TNF SERPINA3 ELANE CXCL8 CRP
15 proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 1 31.7 TNF ELANE CXCL8 CRP
16 bronchiolitis 31.6 TNF CXCL8 CRP
17 pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic 31.6 TNF SERPINA1 MUC5AC MMP12 MMP1 ELANE
18 cystic fibrosis 31.6 TNF SERPINA1 MUC5AC HMOX1 HDAC2 ELANE
19 atherosclerosis susceptibility 31.5 TUG1 TNF CXCL8 CRP
20 interstitial lung disease 31.5 TNF HMOX1 CXCL8 CRP
21 pneumothorax 31.5 SERPINA1 MMP1 HMOX1
22 chlamydia pneumonia 31.5 TNF CXCL8 CRP
23 chlamydia 31.5 TNF CXCL8 CRP
24 severe acute respiratory syndrome 31.4 TNF CXCL8 CRP
25 pancreatitis 31.4 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 ELANE CRP
26 chronic ulcer of skin 31.4 TNF MMP1 ELANE CRP
27 liver disease 31.4 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 MEG3 CXCL8
28 diabetes mellitus 31.4 TUG1 TNF SERPINA1 MMP1 MEG3 HMOX1
29 chronic kidney disease 31.3 TUG1 TNF SERPINA3 HMOX1 CXCL8 CRP
30 pulmonary edema 31.3 TNF HMOX1 CXCL8 CRP
31 apnea, obstructive sleep 31.2 TNF CXCL8 CRP
32 cerebrovascular disease 31.2 TNF SERPINA3 MEG3 CRP
33 carotid stenosis 31.2 TNF MMP1 CXCL8 CRP
34 eye disease 31.2 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 MUC5AC MMP1 CXCL8
35 peripheral artery disease 31.2 TNF HMOX1 CRP
36 lipoprotein quantitative trait locus 31.2 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 MMP12 CXCL8 CRP
37 common cold 31.2 TNF MUC5AC CXCL8
38 bronchial disease 31.2 TNF SERPINA3 PDE4A MUC5AC ELANE CXCL8
39 peripheral nervous system disease 31.2 TNF SERPINA3 HMOX1 CXCL8 CRP
40 skin disease 31.1 TNF SERPINA3 PDE4A MMP1 CXCL8 CRP
41 bronchiolitis obliterans 31.1 TNF CXCL8 CRP
42 peptic ulcer disease 31.1 TNF MUC5AC CXCL8
43 myocardial infarction 31.1 TNF SERPINA3 MMP1 HMOX1 CXCL8 CRP
44 severe cutaneous adverse reaction 31.1 TNF MUC5AC CRP
45 rheumatoid arthritis 31.1 TNF MMP12 MMP1 ELANE CXCL8 CRP
46 irritable bowel syndrome 31.1 TNF CXCL8 CRP
47 disease by infectious agent 31.0 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 CRP
48 periodontitis 31.0 TNF SERPINA3 MMP1 ELANE CXCL8 CRP
49 bacterial pneumonia 31.0 TNF SERPINA3 ELANE CXCL8 CRP
50 lung disease 31.0 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 PDE4A MUC5AC HMOX1

Comorbidity relations with Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):


Bronchitis Heart Disease

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:



Diseases related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

About this section

Human phenotypes related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:

31
# Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 chronic pulmonary obstruction 31 HP:0006510

Clinical features from OMIM®:

606963 (Updated 05-Mar-2021)

UMLS symptoms related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:


tremor, fever, angina pectoris, pruritus, tinnitus, rhinorrhea, snoring, sore throat, coughing, vertigo/dizziness, equilibration disorder, catarrh, upper respiratory tract inflammation
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

About this section

PubMed Health treatment related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive: 62

COPD has no cure yet. However, lifestyle changes and treatments can help you feel better, stay more active, and slow the progress of the disease. The goals of COPD treatment include: Relieving your symptoms Slowing the progress of the disease Improving your exercise tolerance (your ability to stay active) Preventing and treating complications Improving your overall health To assist with your treatment , your family doctor may advise you to see a pulmonologist. This is a doctor who specializes in treating lung disorders .

Drugs for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 761)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Liraglutide Approved Phase 4 204656-20-2 44147092
2
Caspofungin Approved Phase 4 162808-62-0, 179463-17-3 468682 2826718
3
Clarithromycin Approved Phase 4 81103-11-9 84029
4
Cefuroxime Approved Phase 4 55268-75-2 5361202 5479529
5
Penicillin G Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 61-33-6 5904
6
Voriconazole Approved Phase 4 137234-62-9 71616
7
Lactitol Approved, Investigational Phase 4 585-86-4 157355
8
Chlorpheniramine Approved Phase 4 113-92-8, 132-22-9 2725
9
Histamine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 51-45-6, 75614-87-8 774
10
Terbutaline Approved Phase 4 23031-25-6 5403
11
Bupropion Approved Phase 4 34911-55-2, 34841-39-9 444
12
Sultamicillin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 76497-13-7
13
Acetylcysteine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 616-91-1 12035
14
Moxifloxacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 151096-09-2, 354812-41-2 152946
15
Selenium Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 7782-49-2
16
Ofloxacin Approved Phase 4 82419-36-1 4583
17
Levofloxacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 100986-85-4 149096
18
Fosinopril Approved Phase 4 98048-97-6 55891
19
Ketoconazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4 65277-42-1 47576
20
Remifentanil Approved Phase 4 132875-61-7 60815
21
Desflurane Approved Phase 4 57041-67-5 42113
22
Chlorhexidine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 55-56-1 9552079 2713
23
Celiprolol Approved, Investigational Phase 4 56980-93-9
24
Montelukast Approved Phase 4 158966-92-8 5281040
25
Atorvastatin Approved Phase 4 134523-00-5 60823
26
Ledipasvir Approved Phase 4 1256388-51-8 67505836
27
Sofosbuvir Approved Phase 4 1190307-88-0 45375808
28
Desloratadine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 100643-71-8 124087
29
Thyme Approved Phase 4
30
Ribavirin Approved Phase 4 36791-04-5 37542
31
Methoxyflurane Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 76-38-0 4116
32
Carbetocin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 37025-55-1 71715 16681432
33
Loratadine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 79794-75-5 3957
34
Penciclovir Approved Phase 4 39809-25-1 4725
35
Midodrine Approved Phase 4 42794-76-3, 133163-28-7 4195
36
Epinastine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 80012-43-7 3241
37
Etoricoxib Approved, Investigational Phase 4 202409-33-4 123619
38
Ziconotide Approved Phase 4 107452-89-1 447451
39
Telithromycin Approved Phase 4 191114-48-4 5462516 70789201
40
Morphine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 57-27-2 5288826
41
Ciprofloxacin Approved, Investigational Phase 4 85721-33-1 2764
42
Dexamethasone Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-02-2 5743
43
Dexamethasone acetate Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 1177-87-3
44
Propofol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 2078-54-8 4943
45
Tazobactam Approved Phase 4 89786-04-9 123630
46
Piperacillin Approved Phase 4 66258-76-2 43672
47
Fentanyl Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 437-38-7 3345
48
Aminophylline Approved Phase 4 317-34-0 9433
49
Streptokinase Approved, Investigational Phase 4 9002-01-1
50
Hydralazine Approved Phase 4 86-54-4 3637

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 4705)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Differences of Small Airways Function Between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease(COPD) and Asthma-copd Overlap(ACO) Unknown status NCT03563001 Phase 4 Budesonide(160ug) and Formoterol(4.5ug) bid
2 The Treatment Effect of Inhaled Corticosteroid and Long-acting beta2 Agonist Combination Versus Long-acting Anti-cholinergic Agent on Stratified COPD Patients Based on the Levels of Exhaled Nitric Oxide Unknown status NCT02546349 Phase 4 fluticasone/salmeterol, tiotropium
3 Comparing Treatment Efficacy With High and Medium Dose of Fluticasone in Combination With Salmeterol in COPD Patients Unknown status NCT01131806 Phase 4 fluticasone/ salmeterol 125/25 mcg/puff;fluticasone/ salmeterol 250/25 mcg/puff
4 Evaluation and Reconditioning of Marginal Lung Donors to Transplantation by ex Vivo Lung Perfusion Unknown status NCT01353105 Phase 4
5 Long-term Effect of an Health Education Program on Daily Physical Activity in Patients With Moderate to Very Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT02924870 Phase 4
6 Impact of Exercise on Lung Function in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT03551197 Phase 4 Budesonide and formoterol bid
7 Doxycycline and Airway Inflammation in COPD: A Randomised Placebo Controlled Trial Studying the Effects of Doxycycline on Airway Inflammation in Patients With Moderate and Severe Stable COPD. Unknown status NCT00857038 Phase 4 Doxycycline;Placebo
8 Adherence to Therapy in COPD Patients Under Dose Escalation of Roflumilast Unknown status NCT02018432 Phase 4 Roflumilast escalation dosage;Roflumilast conventional dosage
9 Description of the Ability to Learn How to Handle Inhaler Devices in COPD Unknown status NCT02813200 Phase 4 Seretide® Diskus® 500/550 μg;Ultibro® Breezhaler® 110/50 μg;Spiriva® Respimat® 2,5 μg
10 Efficacy and Safety of Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate vs Ipratropium/Albuterolin Chinese Patients With Moderate-to-severe COPD. Unknown status NCT01243788 Phase 4 Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate
11 Pulmonary Effects of the Combination of Metoprolol and Formoterol in COPD Unknown status NCT00288548 Phase 4 Metoprolol
12 Effects of Nutritional Supplementation in Malnourished Patients in Stable COPD:a Randomised Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02197871 Phase 4
13 The Effects of Simvastatin in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT00680641 Phase 4 Simvastatin;Placebo
14 Acute Effect of Sildenafil on Exercise Tolerance and Functional Capacity in COPD, IPF and Post Pneumonectomy Patients Unknown status NCT01382368 Phase 4 Sildenafil
15 Improving Inhaler Treatment and Small Airways Assessment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Unknown status NCT01721291 Phase 4 SALBUTAMOL
16 Exacerbation's Prevention in Patients With COPD in GOLD IV Stage (Very Severe) With Non Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Unknown status NCT01481727 Phase 4
17 Home Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) Treatment for COPD-patients After a NIV-treated Exacerbation Unknown status NCT01513655 Phase 4
18 An Efficacy Study of Benzalkonium Chloride Solution Clearing the Oral Colonized Bacterium in Hospitalized Patients With COPD Unknown status NCT02269800 Phase 4 Benzalkonium chloride solution;Normal saline
19 Utilizing Wearable Device to Observe the Clinical Response of COPD Patients Treated With Combined Bronchodilator and Home-based Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program Unknown status NCT03364829 Phase 4 Indacaterol/Glycopyrronium
20 Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life in Obese Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Unknown status NCT03466021 Phase 4 Liraglutide;Placebo
21 Antibiotic Treatment of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study of Intermittent, Prophylactic Antibiotic Treatment With Azithromycin Unknown status NCT00132860 Phase 4 azithromycin
22 Inspiratory Capacity and HRCT Comparison of Nebulized Arformoterol (Brovana) vs. Dry-powder Inhaler Salmeterol (Serevent) Unknown status NCT01361984 Phase 4 Nebulized arformoterol;Salmeterol
23 Efficacy and Safety of Tulobuterol Patch Combined With Tiotropium Bromide for Relieving Dyspnea Symptom of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT01465906 Phase 4 tulobuterol;Tiotropium Bromide;tiotropium bromide
24 Seasonal Influenza Vaccine, Quadrivalent Versus Trivalent in Patients With Advanced Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT02563184 Phase 4
25 Pulmonary Gas Exchange Response to Indacaterol in Stable Symptomatic Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients Unknown status NCT02547558 Phase 4 Indacaterol
26 Inhaled Iloprost for Disproportionate Pulmonary Hypertension in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT01116063 Phase 4 Inhaled iloprost
27 The Lung Attack Alert Study Unknown status NCT01107613 Phase 4
28 Advair - CRP Study Unknown status NCT00120978 Phase 4 Advair;Flovent
29 Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Study to Evaluate the Effect of Roflumilast on Endothelial Function in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT01595750 Phase 4 Roflumilast 500;Placebo
30 Prospective, Open-label Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Caspofungin for the Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Underlying Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Unknown status NCT01499433 Phase 4 caspofungin
31 Inspiratory Muscle Training for Dyspneic Patients With COPD-HF Overlap: a Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02579200 Phase 4
32 Evaluation and Treatment of Small Airways in COPD Unknown status NCT02526758 Phase 4 beclomethasone;formoterol;budesonide
33 Effect of Intravenous Iron (Ferinject®) on Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life of Stable COPD Patients Unknown status NCT02416778 Phase 4 Ferric carboxymaltose, Ferinject® 50mg Iron/ml Solution for Injection / Infusion
34 Evaluate the Efficacy of Xuebijing Injection in Acute Exacerbations of COPD：a Multicentre Randomised Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02937974 Phase 4 Xuebijing;Placebo
35 Non-Invasive Positive Pressure Mask Ventilation vs Extrathoracic Biphasic Cuirass Ventilation in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Prospective Study. Unknown status NCT00331656 Phase 4
36 A Multi-Center, Prospective, Clinical Trial Designed to Study the Efficacy of One-Way Valve Implantation Based on a New Treatment Algorithm in Patients With Heterogeneous Emphysema Unknown status NCT00730301 Phase 4
37 Procalcitonin as a Marker of Antibiotic Therapy in Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections. Can Measurement of Procalcitonin Reduce the Use of Antibiotics? Unknown status NCT02171338 Phase 4
38 The Evaluation of Singulair for the Treatment of Non-Allergic Rhinitis Eosinophil Syndrome (NARES) Unknown status NCT00406094 Phase 4 montelukast;placebo
39 Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Clinical Study Investigating Efficacy and Safety of Arbidol (Umifenovir) in Treatment and Prophylaxis of Influenza and Common Cold. Unknown status NCT01651663 Phase 4 Arbidol (Umifenovir);Arbidol (Umifenovir)
40 Long-Term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients With Moderate Chronic Hypoxemia and Chronic Heart Failure (CHF) Unknown status NCT00668408 Phase 4
41 Effects of Exercise Training on Systemic Inflammation an Muscle Repair According to the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Phenotype Unknown status NCT01431625 Phase 4
42 A Post-marketing Research on Jinyebaidu Granule in Treating Patients With Acute Upper Respiratory Infection: A Double Blind, Double Dummy, Randomized, Controlled Trial Unknown status NCT02539277 Phase 4 Jinyebaidu granule;Fufangshuanghua granule;Jinyebaidu granule placebo;Fufangshuanghua granule placebo
43 Efficacy of Nebulized Pulmicort Respules on Post Operation Pulmonary Complication During Pulmonary Single Lobectomy Surgery in Primary Lung Cancer Patients With COPD Unknown status NCT02504801 Phase 4 Budesonide
44 Investigating the Use of a Cryopneumatic Therapy Device in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Patients Unknown status NCT00712816 Phase 4
45 Efficacy and Safety of Voriconazole for Treatment of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Secondary to COPD: a Multi-center Prospective，Open Cohort Study (VIA-COPD) Unknown status NCT02234739 Phase 4 Voriconazole
46 Chronic Cold Acclimation Stimulates the Browning of Subcutaneous White Adipose in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Unknown status NCT02775253 Phase 4
47 Cold vs. Laser Internal Urethrotomy Treatment of Urethral Strictures Unknown status NCT01196572 Phase 4
48 Randomised Controlled Trail of Warmed Humidified Insufflation Versus Cold Non-Humidified Insufflation in Elective Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies: Does This Reduce Post-Operative Pain? Unknown status NCT00792389 Phase 4
49 Randomized Controlled Trial of Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Stable Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure Due to COPD Unknown status NCT00291460 Phase 4
50 Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Crossover Study to Evaluate the Effects of Formoterol and Beclomethasone Dipropionate Combination Therapy on Small Airways Function in COPD Patients. Unknown status NCT01466712 Phase 4 Tiotropium + formoterol/beclometasone;tiotropium + placebo

Search NIH Clinical Center for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 51 :


Ascorbic Acid
Ascorbic Acid Powder
Echinacea Preparation
Guaifenesin
indacaterol
olodaterol
Olodaterol hydrochloride
Phenylpropanolamine
Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride
Pseudoephedrine
Pseudoephedrine Hydrochloride
Pseudoephedrine sulfate
Sodium Ascorbate
Zinc Acetate
zinc chloride
Zinc Gluconate
Zinc Sulfate
ZINC SULFATE PWDR

Cell-based therapeutics:


LifeMap Discovery
Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database
Read about Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive cell therapies at LifeMap Discovery.
Stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:
Adipocell, adipose-derived stem cells for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Prochymal, mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
StempeucelCOPD, mesenchymal stem cells for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Embryonic/Adult Cultured Cells Related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:
Bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells PMIDs: 21653527 23054962 21311694
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells PMIDs: 23172272 21653527
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Stempeucel) PMIDs: 18720444

Cochrane evidence based reviews: pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive

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Genetic Tests for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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Genetic tests related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 29 HMOX1 MMP1
2 Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Susceptibility to 29
Sources

Anatomical Context for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:

40
Lung, Heart, Endothelial, Neutrophil, Skeletal Muscle, Liver, Bone
Sources

Publications for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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Articles related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:

(show top 50) (show all 30269)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Heme oxygenase 1 variations and lung function decline in smokers: proof of replication. 6 57
18519631 2008
2
Association of lung function decline with the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter microsatellite polymorphism in a general population sample. Results from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS), France. 6 57
16882737 2006
3
The role of matrix metalloproteinase polymorphisms in the rate of decline in lung function. 57 6
11875051 2002
4
Microsatellite polymorphism in the heme oxygenase-1 gene promoter is associated with susceptibility to emphysema. 57 6
10631150 2000
5
The transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFB1) gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 61 54 57
15175276 2004
6
Polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene and pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 57 61 54
14530202 2003
7
Identification of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease genetic determinant that regulates HHIP. 61 57
22140090 2012
8
FOXO3 deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, airspace enlargement, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 57 61
21690325 2011
9
Variants in FAM13A are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 57 61
20173748 2010
10
Association of TRPV4 gene polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 57
19279160 2009
11
The SERPINE2 gene and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 57
16773582 2006
12
The SERPINE2 gene is associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 57
16358219 2006
13
Cryptic haplotypes of SERPINA1 confer susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 57 61
16278826 2006
14
Genome-wide linkage analysis of bronchodilator responsiveness and post-bronchodilator spirometric phenotypes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 57
12719384 2003
15
Genomewide linkage analysis of quantitative spirometric phenotypes in severe early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 57
11914989 2002
16
Effect of bilevel continuous positive airway pressure for patients with type II respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of COPD: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. 61 42
33466145 2021
17
Specialty COPD care during COVID-19: patient and clinician perspectives on remote delivery. 61 42
33414261 2021
18
Efficacy and safety of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. 42 61
33429809 2021
19
Hedgehog-interacting protein is a COPD susceptibility gene: the Rotterdam Study. 57
19996190 2010
20
The COPD genetic association compendium: a comprehensive online database of COPD genetic associations. 57
19933216 2010
21
MMP12, lung function, and COPD in high-risk populations. 57
20018959 2009
22
Integration of genomic and genetic approaches implicates IREB2 as a COPD susceptibility gene. 57
19800047 2009
23
Persistent activation of an innate immune response translates respiratory viral infection into chronic lung disease. 57
18488036 2008
24
A frequent functional SNP in the MMP1 promoter is associated with higher disease severity in recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. 6
18030675 2008
25
Antielastin autoimmunity in tobacco smoking-induced emphysema. 57
17450149 2007
26
Matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene expression in human vascular smooth muscle cells. 57
12622720 2003
27
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) promoter influences amnion cell MMP-1 expression and risk for preterm premature rupture of the fetal membranes. 6
11741975 2002
28
Allele-specific regulation of matrix metalloproteinase-12 gene activity is associated with coronary artery luminal dimensions in diabetic patients with manifest coronary artery disease. 57
10807873 2000
29
A single nucleotide polymorphism in the matrix metalloproteinase-1 promoter creates an Ets binding site and augments transcription. 6
9850057 1998
30
MCP1 -2518 polymorphism and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwanese men. 54 61
20497022 2010
31
Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with roflumilast, a new phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor. 61 54
20397815 2010
32
[Role of glucocorticoid receptor and nuclear factor-kappaB in patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. 61 54
20450542 2010
33
Histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress inflammatory activation of rheumatoid arthritis patient synovial macrophages and tissue. 61 54
20100935 2010
34
Peripheral neuropathy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 54 61
20214459 2010
35
Genetic polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter, but not the 2a receptor or nitric oxide synthetase, are associated with pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 54
19556740 2010
36
The role of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, roflumilast, in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 54 61
20150838 2010
37
Il13 promoter (-1055) polymorphisms associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Taiwanese. 54 61
19995275 2009
38
Targeting the epigenome in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 54 61
20008877 2009
39
[The changes and significance of interleukin-16 and CXC chemokine receptor 3 expression in pulmonary artery of smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]. 54 61
20079227 2009
40
Genetic polymorphism of GSTT1 and GSTM1 and susceptibility to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 61 54
19664521 2009
41
Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome p450 and matrix metalloproteinase in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 54 61
19507017 2009
42
Roflumilast in symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two randomised clinical trials. 54 61
19716960 2009
43
Elevated plasma TGF-beta1 levels in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 54
19186046 2009
44
The possible role of granzyme B in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 54
19638369 2009
45
Abnormal transition pore kinetics and cytochrome C release in muscle mitochondria of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 54 61
19011161 2009
46
A controlled trial of 6-weeks' treatment with a novel inhaled phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor in COPD. 61 54
19213793 2009
47
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1-inhibiting flavonoids attenuate cytokine release in blood from male patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or type 2 diabetes. 54 61
19321592 2009
48
Polymorphisms of the beta2 adrenoreceptor gene in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 54 61
19293197 2009
49
Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease macrophage inflammatory gene expression by dexamethasone and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor N-cyano-N'-(2-{[8-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-4-(4-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-7-oxo-7,8-dihydropyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}ethyl)guanidine (SB706504). 54 61
19004925 2009
50
Circulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 and osteoporosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 61 54
19411568 2009
Sources

Variations for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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ClinVar genetic disease variations for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive:

6 (show all 16)
# Gene Name Type Significance ClinVarId dbSNP ID GRCh37 Pos GRCh38 Pos
1 HSPA1A NM_005345.6(HSPA1A):c.1053G>A (p.Gln351=) SNV association 694517 rs1061581 6:31784586-31784586 6:31816809-31816809
2 HSPA1A NM_005345.6(HSPA1A):c.330G>C (p.Glu110Asp) SNV association 694514 rs562047 6:31783863-31783863 6:31816086-31816086
3 HSPA1A NC_000006.12:g.31815431A>C SNV association 694515 rs1008438 6:31783208-31783208 6:31815431-31815431
4 HSPA1A NM_005345.6(HSPA1A):c.-27G>C SNV association 694516 rs1043618 6:31783507-31783507 6:31815730-31815730
5 HSPA1B NM_005346.6(HSPA1B):c.-178C>T SNV association 694518 rs6457452 6:31795550-31795550 6:31827773-31827773
6 HSPA1B NC_000006.12:g.31826815C>T SNV association 694519 rs2763979 6:31794592-31794592 6:31826815-31826815
7 HSPA1L NM_005527.4(HSPA1L):c.1478C>A (p.Thr493Lys) SNV association 694520 rs2227956 6:31778272-31778272 6:31810495-31810495
8 HHIP NC_000004.12:g.144539078A>G SNV association 870129 4:145460230-145460230 4:144539078-144539078
9 HHIP NC_000004.12:g.144565237A>G SNV association 870130 4:145486389-145486389 4:144565237-144565237
10 HHIP NC_000004.12:g.144559628A>G SNV association 870131 4:145480780-145480780 4:144559628-144559628
11 MMP1 NM_002421.3(MMP1):c.-1673G= SNV Pathogenic 17114 rs1591085064 11:102670496-102670496 11:102799765-102799765
12 SERPINA1 NM_001127701.1(SERPINA1):c.1096G>A (p.Glu366Lys) SNV Pathogenic 17967 rs28929474 14:94844947-94844947 14:94378610-94378610
13 SERPINA1 NM_001127701.1(SERPINA1):c.863A>T (p.Glu288Val) SNV Pathogenic 17969 rs17580 14:94847262-94847262 14:94380925-94380925
14 SERPINA1 NM_001127701.1(SERPINA1):c.1096G>A (p.Glu366Lys) SNV risk factor 17967 rs28929474 14:94844947-94844947 14:94378610-94378610
15 SERPINA1 NM_001127701.1(SERPINA1):c.194T>C (p.Leu65Pro) SNV Likely pathogenic 17971 rs28931569 14:94849381-94849381 14:94383044-94383044
16 HMOX1 HMOX1, (GT)n REPEAT Variation risk factor 15897

Copy number variations for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive from CNVD:

7
# CNVD ID Chromosome Start End Type Gene Symbol CNVD Disease
1 230707 8 1 12700000 Copy number DEFB4A Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Expression for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive.
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Pathways for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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Pathways related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways 64
Show member pathways
 12.07 TNF MUC5AC MMP1 CXCL8
2
Rheumatoid arthritis 36
11.62 TNF MMP1 CXCL8
3
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
11.61 TNF MMP1 HMOX1 CXCL8
4
Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network 1
11.55 MMP1 HDAC2 CXCL8
5
Matrix Metalloproteinases 1
Show member pathways
 11.45 TNF MMP12 MMP1 ELANE
6
Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling 1
Show member pathways
 11.38 TNF MMP1 CXCL8
7
Cell adhesion_ECM remodeling 23
11.33 MMP12 MMP1 CXCL8
8
Lung fibrosis 1
11.06 TNF SERPINA1 HMOX1 CXCL8
9
Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2 1
11.03 MMP1 HMOX1 CXCL8
10
Overview of nanoparticle effects 1
10.2 TNF HMOX1 CXCL8 CRP
Sources

GO Terms for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

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Cellular components related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.61 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 MUC5AC MMP12 MMP1
2 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.28 TNF SERPINA3 SERPINA1 MUC5AC MMP12 HMOX1

Biological processes related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular matrix disassembly GO:0022617 9.33 MMP12 MMP1 ELANE
2 negative regulation of lipid storage GO:0010888 9.26 TNF CRP
3 positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:0048661 9.13 TNF HMOX1 ELANE
4 acute-phase response GO:0006953 8.8 SERPINA3 SERPINA1 CRP

Molecular functions related to Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 endopeptidase activity GO:0004175 8.8 MMP12 MMP1 ELANE
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Sources for Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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