Pulmonary Sarcoidosis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: PLM012 MIFTS: 57	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Categories: Immune diseases, Respiratory diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:

Name: Pulmonary Sarcoidosis ³⁸ ¹² ¹⁵

Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary ⁷⁶ ⁴⁴ ⁷³

Sarcoidosis Pulmonary ⁵⁵

Lung Sarcoidosis ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Immune diseases Respiratory diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism

Certain disorders involving the immune mechanism

Sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis of lung

Sarcoidosis of lung with sarcoidosis of lymph nodes

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:13406

ICD10 ³³ D86.0 D86.2

MeSH ⁴⁴ D017565

NCIt ⁵⁰ C34997

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 187230004 24369008

UMLS ⁷³ C0036205

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Summaries for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

MalaCards based summary : Pulmonary Sarcoidosis, also known as sarcoidosis, pulmonary, is related to chronic beryllium disease and bronchiolitis obliterans. An important gene associated with Pulmonary Sarcoidosis is TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Azathioprine and Methotrexate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include lung, t cells and lymph node, and related phenotypes are Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) and Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as... more...

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Related Diseases for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Diseases related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 272)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chronic beryllium disease	30.4	IFNG TNF
2	bronchiolitis obliterans	30.3	CXCR3 IFNG TNF
3	bronchiolitis	30.1	CCL5 IFNG TNF
4	crescentic glomerulonephritis	30.0	CCL2 CCR5 ICAM1
5	vasculitis	29.9	CCL2 ICAM1 TNF
6	pneumonia	29.7	CCL2 CCL5 SFTPD TNF
7	lymphopenia	29.4	IFNG IL2 IL2RA
8	respiratory failure	29.2	ACE SFTPD TNF
9	interstitial lung disease	28.7	CCL2 CCL5 IFNG SFTPD TNF
10	pleurisy	28.7	CCL2 ICAM1 IFNG IL2 TNF
11	lung disease	28.6	CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 SFTPD TNF
12	colitis	28.6	IFNG IL2 TNF
13	extrinsic allergic alveolitis	28.5	CCL2 CCL5 CXCR3 IL2RA SFTPD
14	pulmonary tuberculosis	28.5	IFNG IL18 IL2 TNF
15	arthritis	28.3	CCL2 CSF2 IFNG IL18 TNF
16	pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic	26.8	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL5 CXCR3 IFNG IL18
17	multiple sclerosis	26.8	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CXCR3 ICAM1 IFNG
18	psoriasis	26.3	CCL2 CCL5 CXCR3 ICAM1 IFNG IL18
19	systemic lupus erythematosus	25.9	CCL2 CCL5 CXCR3 ICAM1 IFNG IL18
20	rheumatoid arthritis	24.6	CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 CXCL5 ICAM1 IFNG
21	sarcoidosis 1	24.0	ACE CCL2 CCL5 CXCL5 CXCR3 ICAM1
22	staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome	10.9	IFNG TNF
23	scorpion envenomation	10.8	CCL5 TNF
24	hyperlucent lung	10.7	IFNG IL2RA
25	herpes simplex virus keratitis	10.7	CCL2 ICAM1
26	african tick-bite fever	10.7	CCL5 IFNG
27	whiplash	10.7	CCL5 CCR5
28	anthracosis	10.6	CCL2 TNF
29	poliomyelitis	10.6	ICAM1 IFNG TNF
30	plasmodium vivax malaria	10.6	ICAM1 IFNG TNF
31	ileocolitis	10.6	IL2RA TNF
32	toxoplasmosis	10.6	CCR5 IFNG TNF
33	proliferative glomerulonephritis	10.6	CCL2 CXCR3 IFNG
34	spotted fever	10.6	CCL5 IFNG TNF
35	subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus	10.5	ACE TNF
36	helicobacter pylori infection	10.5	CCL5 IFNG TNF
37	meningitis	10.5	CCL2 IFNG TNF
38	secondary progressive multiple sclerosis	10.5	CCL2 CCR5 CXCR3
39	oral tuberculosis	10.5	IL2 TNF
40	periodontitis	10.5	CCL2 IFNG TNF
41	skin sarcoidosis	10.5	ACE TNF
42	chronic eosinophilic pneumonia	10.5	CCL5 CXCR3 ICAM1
43	central nervous system disease	10.5	CXCR3 IFNG TNF
44	autoimmune enteropathy	10.5	ICAM1 IL2RA
45	scleritis	10.5	CCL2 TNF
46	vernal keratoconjunctivitis	10.5	CCL5 CXCR3 ICAM1
47	alcoholic hepatitis	10.5	CCL2 ICAM1 TNF
48	viral meningitis	10.5	CCL2 CCL5 IFNG
49	wegener granulomatosis	10.5	CCR5 IFNG TNF
50	mucocutaneous leishmaniasis	10.5	CCR5 TNF

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-1	9.7	ACE ICAM1 IL18 IL2 IL2RA TNF
2	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-2	9.7	ACE ICAM1 IL18 IL2 IL2RA TNF

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.18	IL2RA SFTPD TNF IL2 ACE ICAM1
2	immune system	MP:0005387	10.13	IL2RA SFTPD TNF ACE ICAM1 CCL2
3	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.11	TNF IL2 CXCR3 ACE ICAM1 CCR5
4	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.11	IL2RA SFTPD TNF IL2 CXCR3 ACE
5	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10	IL2 IL2RA SFTPD TNF CXCR3 ACE
6	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	9.98	IL2 IL2RA TNF ICAM1 CCR5 IFNG
7	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.76	TNF IL2 ACE ICAM1 CCR5 IFNG
8	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.5	IL2 IL2RA SFTPD TNF CXCR3 IFNG
9	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.17	IL2 IL2RA TNF ICAM1 CCR5 IFNG

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Drugs for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 107)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Azathioprine

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2

446-86-6

2265

Methotrexate

Approved

Phase 4

1959-05-2, 59-05-2

126941

Prednisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

53-03-2

5865

Methylprednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

83-43-2

6741

Prednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

50-24-8

5755

Pirfenidone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

53179-13-8

40632

Nicotine

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

54-11-5

942 89594

Acetylcholine

Approved

Phase 4

51-84-3

187

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Phase 4

beta-endorphin

Phase 4

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Hormones

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones

Phase 4

Antiemetics

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Autonomic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

glucocorticoids

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Protective Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Immunosuppressive Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2

Methylprednisolone acetate

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Methylprednisolone Hemisuccinate

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Neuroprotective Agents

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Prednisolone acetate

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Prednisolone hemisuccinate

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Prednisolone phosphate

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Analgesics

Phase 4

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 4

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Phase 4

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Nicotinic Agonists

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Dexamethasone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3

50-02-2

5743

Hydroxychloroquine

Approved

Phase 3

118-42-3

3652

Mycophenolate mofetil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

128794-94-5

5281078

Mycophenolic acid

Approved

Phase 3

24280-93-1

446541

Methionine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 2, Phase 3

63-68-3

6137

Carbon-11 methionine

Phase 2, Phase 3

BB 1101

Phase 3

Dexamethasone acetate

Phase 3

1177-87-3

HIV Protease Inhibitors

Phase 3

protease inhibitors

Phase 3

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antimalarials

Phase 3

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 41)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Acthar Gel for Chronic Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (ACPS)	Unknown status	NCT02188017	Phase 4	Acthar gel
2	Use of Roflumilast to Prevent Exacerbations in Fibrotic Sarcoidosis Patients (REFS)	Unknown status	NCT01830959	Phase 4	Roflumilast;Placebo
3	Pilot Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of H.P. Acthar® Gel in Subjects With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT03320070	Phase 4	repository corticotropin injection;Placebo
4	Efficacy and Safety of Two Glucocorticoid Regimens in the Treatment of Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT03265405	Phase 4	Low dose prednisolone;Medium dose prednisolone
5	Pirfenidone for Progressive Fibrotic Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT03260556	Phase 4	Pirfenidone;Placebos
6	Study of Nicotine Patches in Patients With Sarcoidosis	Suspended	NCT00701207	Phase 4	nicotine patch
7	Imaging of Active Granulomas With [18F]FDG and Selected Inflammatory PET Tracers in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Unknown status	NCT02824419	Phase 2, Phase 3	Methionine;DOTANOC
8	Low-dose Dexamethasone in Newly Diagnosed Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Unknown status	NCT01920919	Phase 3	Dexamethasone;Placebo
9	Hydroxychloroquine as Steroid-Sparing Agent in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (HySSAS).	Completed	NCT02200146	Phase 3	Prednisone;Hydroxychloroquine + Prednisone
10	Trial for the Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT00872612	Phase 3
11	Mycophenolate for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Terminated	NCT00262132	Phase 3	Mycophenolate
12	Treatment of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis With Pentoxifylline	Completed	NCT00001877	Phase 2	Pentoxifylline
13	Atorvastatin to Treat Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT00279708	Phase 2	Atorvastatin
14	Rituximab for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT00855205	Phase 2	Rituximab
15	A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Effectiveness of Ustekinumab or Golimumab Administered Subcutaneously (SC) in Patients With Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT00955279	Phase 2	Placebo;Golimumab;Ustekinumab
16	Study of Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of ACZ885 (Canakinumab) in Patients With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT02888080	Phase 2	ACZ885;Placebo
17	Phase II Investigation of Antimycobacterial Therapy on Progressive, Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT02024555	Phase 2	Levofloxacin;Ethambutol;Azithromycin;Rifampin;Placebo
18	Nicotine Treatment for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Trial Pilot Study	Recruiting	NCT02265874	Phase 1, Phase 2	Habitrol;Placebo to Habitrol
19	A Phase 2, Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy Study of PD 0360324 in Chronic Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Terminated	NCT01732211	Phase 2
20	Safety and Efficacy Study of Bosentan in Progressive Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Terminated	NCT00926627	Phase 2	bosentan;placebo
21	Safety Study of Abatacept to Treat Refractory Sarcoidosis	Terminated	NCT00739960	Phase 2	Abatacept
22	Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Rituximab and Azathioprine in the Treatment of Granulomatous and Lymphocytic Interstitial Lung Disease (GLILD) in Adult Patients With Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)	Withdrawn	NCT02789397	Phase 2	Rituximab (RTX) and Azathioprine (AZA);Placebo Administration
23	Investigation of the Efficacy of Antibiotics on Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT01169038	Phase 1	levaquin; ethambutol; rifampin and azithromycin.
24	Safety of Intravenous Infusion of Human Placenta-Derived Cells (PDA001) for the Treatment of Adults With Stage II or III Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Terminated	NCT01440192	Phase 1
25	Rehabilitation in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: a Prospective Study	Unknown status	NCT01384123
26	The Effect of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine, on Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Markers in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT01587001	Not Applicable	Placebo
27	Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccine in Patients With Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT00828828
28	Sarcoidosis-associated Pulmonary Hypertension	Completed	NCT01139710
29	The Occurence of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lung Diseases	Completed	NCT00512967
30	Pathogen Specific Immunity in Patients With Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT00217789
31	A Prospective Study Measuring Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Exercise-Induced Asthma	Completed	NCT01097954
32	Eye and Immunogenetic Features of Sarcoidosis	Completed	NCT00379275
33	The Role of Physical Activity and Diet Within Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT03336736
34	A Study to Estimate the Effect Sizes of HRCT Endpoints in Response to Glucocorticoid Induction Therapy in Subjects With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT03324503	Not Applicable	Glucocorticoid (prednisone or prednisolone)
35	Delayed-Enhancement Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Patients With Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT01745237
36	SARCOLOWDOSE : Ultra-low Dose CT Scan and MRI in Thoracic Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT03140644	Not Applicable
37	Epigenetic Regulation of Altered T-cell Immunity in Sarcoidosis	Recruiting	NCT03145922
38	Validation of the Analysis Methodology Behind the Use of Quantitative 18F-FDG PET/CT to Assess Lung Inflammation	Not yet recruiting	NCT03312712
39	Exploring the Utility of Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI in Healthy Volunteers and Patients With Lung Disease	Not yet recruiting	NCT03455686	Not Applicable
40	Stromal Gene Expression During Pulmonary Sarcoidosis	Terminated	NCT00837668
41	Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients With Sarcoidosis	Terminated	NCT02044939	Not Applicable

Search NIH Clinical Center for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Cell-based therapeutics:

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

Read about Pulmonary Sarcoidosis cell therapies at LifeMap Discovery.

Stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:

PDA001, Placenta-derived cells for pulmonary sarcoidosis

Embryonic/Adult Cultured Cells Related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:

Placenta-derived cells PMIDs: 22469567

Cochrane evidence based reviews: sarcoidosis, pulmonary

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Genetic Tests for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

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Anatomical Context for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:

⁴¹

Lung, T Cells, Lymph Node, Eye, Skin, Liver, Heart

Sources

Publications for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Articles related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis:

(show top 50) (show all 675)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Proangiogenic and Profibrotic Markers in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. ( 29679363 )	Tuleta I....Skowasch D.	2018
2	Pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29625772 )	Spagnolo P....Wells A.U.	2018
3	The Curious Omission of Treatment as a Predictor of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Mortality. ( 29884262 )	Reich J.M.	2018
4	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis following Etanercept Treatment for Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( 29610700 )	Majjad A....El Maghraoui A.	2018
5	A rare presentation of pulmonary sarcoidosis as a solitary lung mass: a case report. ( 29650028 )	Kelleher D.W....Ryu C.	2018
6	Pulmonary sarcoidosis with and without extrapulmonary involvement: a cross-sectional and observational study in China. ( 29453299 )	Li C.W....Cao W.J.	2018
7	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Induced by Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy: A Paradoxical Effect. ( 29667945 )	Aliel Vigano Pugliesi A....Alexandre Yazbek M.	2018
8	Right ventricular involvement and the extent of left ventricular enhancement with magnetic resonance predict adverse outcome in pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 28967698 )	Smedema J.P....Crijns H.J.G.M.	2018
9	Prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29857850 )	Yodogawa K....Shimizu W.	2018
10	Expression analysis of extracellular microRNA in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29956871 )	Kishore A....Petrek M.	2018
11	Atypical HRCT manifestations of pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29124658 )	Cozzi D....Miele V.	2018
12	Th17-lineage cells in pulmonary sarcoidosis and LAPfgren's syndrome: Friend or foe? ( 29310925 )	Miedema J.R....Kool M.	2018
13	Daily home spirometry to detect early steroid treatment effects in newly treated pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29348185 )	Broos C.E....van den Blink B.	2018
14	Evidence for M2 macrophages in granulomas from pulmonary sarcoidosis: A new aspect of macrophage heterogeneity. ( 29107084 )	Shamaei M....Adcock I.M.	2018
15	Ocular Manifestations of Biopsy-Proven Pulmonary Sarcoidosis in Korea. ( 29785303 )	Choi S.Y....Park Y.H.	2018
16	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Presenting with Thin-walled Small Cysts. ( 28420852 )	Kushima H....Watanabe K.	2017
17	Repository corticotropin for Chronic Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. ( 28353116 )	Baughman R.P....Lower E.E.	2017
18	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. ( 28750459 )	Bonifazi M....Renzoni E.A.	2017
19	[Analysis of an association of TNF -308G&gt;A polymorphism with a risk for pulmonary sarcoidosis in the Russian population of the Republic of Karelia]. ( 28378732 )	Malysheva I.E....Barysheva O.Y.	2017
20	Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profile data to screen key genes involved in pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 27682024 )	Li H....Yang H.	2017
21	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis That Developed During the Treatment of a Patient With Crohn Disease by Using Infliximab. ( 28503520 )	Kim T.K....Eun H.S.	2017
22	Gastric and pulmonary sarcoidosis complicated by hypercalcemia and acute renal failure: Case report and literature review. ( 28671172 )	Deepa A.S....Santhosh H.K.	2017
23	Adalimumab-induced pulmonary sarcoidosis not progressing upon treatment with etanercept. ( 28124746 )	Jung J.H....Song G.G.	2017
24	No evidence found for an association between prednisone dose and FVC change in newly-treated pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29137908 )	Broos C.E....van den Blink B.	2017
25	Ulcerating Nodules within Tattoos Revealing Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. ( 28881429 )	Adler B.L....Haden A.D.	2017
26	Extensively disturbance of regulatory T cells - Th17 cells balance in stage II pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29104468 )	Ding J....Wen Y.	2017
27	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Activation following Neoadjuvant Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapy Combination Therapy in a Patient with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report. ( 29515398 )	Fakhri G....Tfayli A.	2017
28	Living Kidney Donation From a Donor With Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: AA Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( 28583552 )	Kono M....Shirakawa H.	2017
29	Strategies for identifying pulmonary sarcoidosis patients at risk for severe or chronic disease. ( 28076979 )	Judson M.A.	2017
30	Pulmonary sarcoidosis mimicking tuberculosis: Importance of the galaxy sign on thoracic computed tomography. ( 28863878 )	Gorospe SarasA_a L....de La Puente-Bujidos C.	2017
31	Pulmonary sarcoidosis: an update. ( 27766929 )	Ramachandraiah V....Chandy D.	2017
32	Osteoprotegerin/sRANKL Signaling System in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis: A Bronchoalveolar Lavage Study. ( 27826889 )	Naumnik W....Chyczewska E.	2017
33	Immunology repertoire study of pulmonary sarcoidosis T cells in CD4+, CD8+ PBMC and tissue. ( 29163767 )	Fu Y....Dai Y.	2017
34	Resolution rate of pulmonary sarcoidosis and its related factors in a Japanese population. ( 28712145 )	Hattori T....Nishimura M.	2017
35	Predictors of Mortality in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. ( 28728933 )	Kirkil G....Baughman R.P.	2017
36	The Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis and Implications for Treatment. ( 29224832 )	Patterson K.C....Chen E.S.	2017
37	Clinical Features of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis Complicated by Lung Cancer. ( 28768963 )	Iijima Y....Bando M.	2017
38	Nivolumab-Induced Development of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis in Renal Cell Carcinoma. ( 28737580 )	Zhang M....Schembri G.	2017
39	Comprehensive evaluation of airway involvement in pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 28229082 )	Tanizawa K....Mishima M.	2017
40	Local and Systemic CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cell Exhaustion Reverses with Clinical Resolution of Pulmonary Sarcoidosis. ( 29234685 )	Hawkins C....Drake W.P.	2017
41	Title: Toll-like receptor 3 L412F polymorphism promotes a persistent clinical phenotype in pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 29237089 )	Cooke G....Donnelly S.C.	2017
42	Pulmonary Sarcoidosis in a patient with Multiple Sclerosis on daclizumab monotherapy. ( 29276998 )	Rhone E.E....Silber E.	2017
43	Dementia, gait disturbance, and urinary incontinence in a patient with pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 28127435 )	Labarca G....Mira-Avendano I.	2016
44	Treatment indications for pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 27055843 )	Reich J.M.	2016
45	The Serum Expression of Selected miRNAs in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis with/without LAPfgren's Syndrome. ( 28050119 )	Novosadova E....Navratilova Z.	2016
46	Altered miRNA expression in pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 26768132 )	KiszaA8kiewicz J....BrzeziaA8ska-Lasota E.	2016
47	Fungal cell wall agents and bacterial lipopolysaccharide in organic dust as possible risk factors for pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 27688795 )	StopinA!ek S....SimA8iA8 S.	2016
48	Pulmonary sarcoidosis induced by the anti-PD1 monoclonal antibody pembrolizumab. ( 27091806 )	Cousin S....Italiano A.	2016
49	Assessment of right ventricular systolic and diastolic parameters in pulmonary sarcoidosis. ( 26912008 )	Ipek E....Kalkan K.	2016
50	Clinical and radiological features of extra-pulmonary sarcoidosis: a pictorial essay. ( 27222055 )	Palmucci S....Vancheri C.	2016

Sources

Genes for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Genes related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis (0 elite genes):

(show all 14)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	30.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8255014 8036337 8432140 (more) 10335007 10899249 9344512 20070603 8589268 18610674 8219777 9154873 8893383 11091281 9927365 2299255 14512673 17072062 8449077 7615305 7679346 10400819
2	CXCR3	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 3	Protein Coding	29.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17052298 19386686 11390417 (more) 9834133 17550373
3	IFNG	Interferon Gamma	Protein Coding	29.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11174201 17937104 8140295 (more) 11390417 1898846 11069843 10806168 11091281 11123348 11208635
4	IL2	Interleukin 2	Protein Coding	27.62	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	1327551 8509065 1477028 (more) 11208635 7679346 8752945 11091281
5	IL2RA	Interleukin 2 Receptor Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	27.11	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	1678021 1870863
6	ICAM1	Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1	Protein Coding	27.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	7905208 7904545 1680610 (more) 1355420 11817671 9042667 11989775
7	IL18	Interleukin 18	Protein Coding	26.11	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11174201 16734560 11069843 (more) 19218675 11123348
8	CXCL5	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	25.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	17052298
9	CCR5	C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (Gene/Pseudogene)	Protein Coding	25.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19679608 11803051
10	CSF2	Colony Stimulating Factor 2	Protein Coding	25.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	1511959 2202340
11	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	24.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : DISEASES inferred (show sections)	15109125 1345229 8532961 (more) 1965306 8468809 11855079 19722355
12	CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	24.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	8118632 9475238
13	SFTPD	Surfactant Protein D	Protein Coding	24.34	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11694811 14665489
14	CCL5	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	23.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12449175

Sources

Variations for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Sources

Expression for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis.

Sources

Pathways for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Pathways related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 60)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁶ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁶	14	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 ICAM1 IFNG
2	ERK Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶⁴ MAPK Signaling ⁶⁴ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶⁴ Rho Family GTPases ⁶⁴	13.84	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 CXCL5 CXCR3
3	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁴ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁷ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁴ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁴ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁴ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁴ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁴ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁴ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁴ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁴	13.6	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 CXCL5 CXCR3
4	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶⁴ JNK Pathway ⁶⁴ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶⁴ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶⁴ SOCS Pathway ⁶⁴	13.49	CCL2 CCL5 IFNG IL18 IL2 IL2RA
5	Integrin Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways FAK1 Signaling ⁶⁴ GnRH Signaling ⁶⁴ Inhibition of Angiogenesis by TSP1 ⁶⁴ Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes ⁶⁴ UPA-UPAR Pathway ⁶⁴	13.34	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CXCL5 CXCR3 ICAM1
6	Akt Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁴ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁴	13.32	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 CXCL5 CXCR3
7	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁶	13.24	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 ICAM1 IFNG
8	PAK Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁴ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁴	13.09	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 CXCL5 CXCR3
9	Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway ³⁷ ¹ Show member pathways Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) ³⁷ NOD-like receptor signaling pathway ³⁷ NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway ¹	13	ACE CCL2 CCL5 IFNG IL18 IL2
10	Allograft rejection ¹ ³⁷ Show member pathways Antigen processing and presentation ³⁷ Asthma ³⁷ Autoimmune thyroid disease ³⁷ CTL Mediated Apoptosis ⁶⁴ Graft-versus-host disease ³⁷ Intestinal immune network for IgA production ³⁷ THC Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁴ Type I diabetes mellitus ³⁷ Viral myocarditis ³⁷	12.9	ICAM1 IFNG IL18 IL2 IL2RA TNF
11	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Androgen Signaling ⁶⁴ Chemokine Signaling ⁶⁴ Chemokine signaling pathway ³⁷	12.86	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CXCL5 CXCR3
12	Regulation of IFNA signaling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Cytokine Network ⁶⁴ Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²² Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁶ Interleukin-19, 20, 22, 24 ⁶⁶ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Jak-STAT signaling pathway ³⁷	12.69	CSF2 IFNG IL18 IL2 IL2RA TNF
13	Influenza A ³⁷ Show member pathways Herpes simplex infection ³⁷ Measles ³⁷	12.66	CCL2 CCL5 ICAM1 IFNG IL18 IL2
14	Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling ¹ Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling ⁶⁴ Development Angiopoietin - Tie2 signaling ²² Development PDGF signaling via STATs and NF-kB ²² IL23-mediated signaling events ¹ Immune response IL-10 signaling pathway ²² Rac1/Pak1/p38/MMP-2 pathway ¹	12.62	CCL2 IFNG IL18 IL2 TNF
15	NF-kappaB Signaling ⁴	12.62	CCL2 CCL5 IFNG IL2 IL2RA TNF
16	Immune response Role of DAP12 receptors in NK cells ²² Show member pathways Immune response CD16 signaling in NK cells ²² Natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity ³⁷	12.55	CSF2 ICAM1 IFNG IL2 TNF
17	Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection ³⁷ Show member pathways Hepatitis B ³⁷	12.54	CCR5 CSF2 ICAM1 TNF
18	Th17 cell differentiation ³⁷ Show member pathways Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ³⁷ Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation ³⁷	12.49	IFNG IL18 IL2 IL2RA TNF
19	T cell receptor signaling pathway ³⁷ Show member pathways T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) Signaling Pathway ¹ T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) pathway during Staphylococcus aureus infection ¹	12.47	CCR5 CSF2 IFNG IL2 TNF
20	HTLV-I infection ³⁷	12.46	CSF2 ICAM1 IL2 IL2RA TNF
21	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ¹ IL-17 signaling pathway ³⁷ Interleukin-17 signaling ⁶⁶ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²²	12.38	CCL2 CSF2 CXCL5 IFNG TNF
22	Folate Metabolism ¹ Show member pathways Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.37	CCL2 CCL5 ICAM1 IFNG IL2 TNF
23	Th1 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL27-mediated signaling events ¹ IL-6-type cytokine receptor ligand interactions ⁶⁶ Interleukin-6 family signaling ⁶⁶ Interleukin-6 signaling ⁶⁶ Th17 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁵	12.28	IFNG IL18 IL2 TNF
24	Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis ³⁷	12.13	CCL2 ICAM1 IFNG TNF
25	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	12.09	CCL2 ICAM1 IFNG IL2 TNF
26	Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁶	12.07	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CXCL5 CXCR3
27	Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways IFN-gamma pathway ¹	12.07	CCL2 CCL5 ICAM1 IFNG IL18 IL2
28	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	12.06	CSF2 IFNG IL2 IL2RA TNF
29	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁶	12.03	CCL2 ICAM1 IL18 TNF
30	IL12-mediated signaling events ¹ Show member pathways Immune response IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production ²²	12.03	CCR5 IFNG IL18 IL2 IL2RA
31	IL-2 Signaling Pathway ¹ Show member pathways IL2-mediated signaling events ¹ IL-5 Signaling Pathway ¹	12.02	IFNG IL2 IL2RA
32	Jak-Stat Signaling Pathway ⁶⁷	11.94	CCR5 IFNG IL2 IL2RA
33	AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications ³⁷	11.89	CCL2 ICAM1 TNF
34	Hematopoietic cell lineage ³⁷	11.88	CSF2 IL2RA TNF
35	Amoebiasis ³⁷	11.87	CSF2 IFNG TNF
36	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ¹	11.87	CSF2 ICAM1 IFNG IL2
37	Salmonella infection (KEGG) ³⁷	11.82	CSF2 IFNG IL18
38	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁵	11.81	CSF2 IFNG IL2 TNF
39	Calcineurin-regulated NFAT-dependent transcription in lymphocytes ¹ Show member pathways Calcium signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway ¹	11.77	CSF2 IFNG IL2 IL2RA TNF
40	TNF signaling pathway ³⁷	11.77	CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 CXCL5 ICAM1 TNF
41	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.74	CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 TNF
42	Downstream signaling in naive CD8+ T cells ¹ Show member pathways Ras signaling in the CD4+ TCR pathway ¹	11.72	IFNG IL2 IL2RA TNF
43	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ¹ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²²	11.65	CSF2 ICAM1 IFNG IL2 TNF
44	MSP-RON Signaling ⁶⁴	11.6	CCL2 IFNG IL18 TNF
45	Photodynamic therapy-induced AP-1 survival signaling. ¹	11.59	IFNG IL2 TNF
46	Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway ¹	11.56	IFNG IL2 TNF
47	Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways ⁶⁵	11.54	CXCR3 IFNG IL18 IL2 IL2RA TNF
48	Th2 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁵	11.53	IFNG IL2 IL2RA
49	Malaria ³⁷	11.49	CCL2 ICAM1 IFNG IL18 TNF
50	African trypanosomiasis ³⁷	11.44	ICAM1 IFNG IL18 TNF

Sources

GO Terms for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

Cellular components related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.85	ACE CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 CXCL5 IFNG
2	cell surface	GO:0009986	9.65	CCR5 CXCR3 ICAM1 IL2RA TNF
3	external side of plasma membrane	GO:0009897	9.43	ACE CCR5 CXCR3 ICAM1 IL2RA TNF
4	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.36	ACE CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 CXCL5 ICAM1

Biological processes related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 52)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.97	CCL5 CCR5 CXCL5 IL18 IL2
2	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.96	CCL2 CCL5 ICAM1 TNF
3	cell surface receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007166	9.93	CCL2 CCR5 CXCR3 IFNG IL2RA
4	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.92	CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 CXCL5 IFNG IL18
5	defense response	GO:0006952	9.89	CCR5 CXCL5 TNF
6	positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration	GO:0007204	9.89	CCR5 CXCR3 IL2
7	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	9.88	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CXCL5 CXCR3
8	cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	GO:0071356	9.87	CCL2 CCL5 ICAM1
9	response to virus	GO:0009615	9.86	CCL5 IFNG TNF
10	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.86	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CXCL5 CXCR3 IL18
11	cellular response to interferon-gamma	GO:0071346	9.85	CCL2 CCL5 ICAM1
12	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.85	CCL2 CCR5 CSF2 ICAM1 TNF
13	cellular response to interleukin-1	GO:0071347	9.84	CCL2 CCL5 ICAM1
14	cell chemotaxis	GO:0060326	9.83	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL5
15	regulation of insulin secretion	GO:0050796	9.83	CCL5 IFNG TNF
16	positive regulation of T cell proliferation	GO:0042102	9.82	CCL5 IL2 IL2RA
17	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	GO:0071407	9.81	CCL2 CCL5 IL18 TNF
18	humoral immune response	GO:0006959	9.8	CCL2 IFNG TNF
19	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.8	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CXCL5 CXCR3
20	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:0048661	9.79	CCL5 IL18 TNF
21	protein kinase B signaling	GO:0043491	9.78	CCL2 CCL5 TNF
22	positive regulation of interferon-gamma production	GO:0032729	9.77	IL18 IL2 TNF
23	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	GO:0045429	9.77	ICAM1 IFNG TNF
24	positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein	GO:0042531	9.77	CCL5 CSF2 IFNG IL18 IL2
25	MAPK cascade	GO:0000165	9.76	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 IL18 IL2
26	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	9.73	CCL2 CCL5 IL18 TNF
27	positive regulation of activated T cell proliferation	GO:0042104	9.72	IL18 IL2 IL2RA
28	natural killer cell activation	GO:0030101	9.71	IL18 IL2
29	positive regulation of osteoclast differentiation	GO:0045672	9.71	IFNG TNF
30	positive regulation of T cell differentiation	GO:0045582	9.7	IL2 IL2RA
31	dendritic cell chemotaxis	GO:0002407	9.7	CCL5 CCR5
32	regulation of regulatory T cell differentiation	GO:0045589	9.7	IFNG IL2 IL2RA
33	positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	GO:0051044	9.69	IFNG TNF
34	positive regulation of macrophage derived foam cell differentiation	GO:0010744	9.69	CSF2 IL18
35	positive regulation of interleukin-17 production	GO:0032740	9.68	IL18 IL2
36	positive regulation of podosome assembly	GO:0071803	9.68	CSF2 TNF
37	neutrophil activation	GO:0042119	9.67	CCL5 IL18
38	interleukin-2-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0038110	9.67	IL2 IL2RA
39	neutrophil mediated immunity	GO:0002446	9.67	ACE CXCL5
40	macrophage chemotaxis	GO:0048246	9.67	CCL2 CCL5 SFTPD
41	negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation	GO:0050672	9.64	IL2 IL2RA
42	positive regulation of tissue remodeling	GO:0034105	9.64	IL18 IL2
43	negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process	GO:2000110	9.63	CCL5 CCR5
44	positive regulation of leukocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cell	GO:1904996	9.63	ICAM1 TNF
45	positive regulation of interleukin-23 production	GO:0032747	9.61	CSF2 IFNG
46	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.61	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 ICAM1 IL18
47	regulation of T cell homeostatic proliferation	GO:0046013	9.58	IL2 IL2RA
48	positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	GO:0060559	9.58	IFNG TNF
49	positive regulation of vitamin D biosynthetic process	GO:0060557	9.56	IFNG TNF
50	immune response	GO:0006955	9.32	CCL2 CCL5 CCR5 CSF2 CXCL5 IFNG

Molecular functions related to Pulmonary Sarcoidosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Ras guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity	GO:0005088	9.33	CSF2 IL2 IL2RA
2	chemokine receptor activity	GO:0004950	9.26	CCR5 CXCR3
3	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.23	CCL2 CCL5 CSF2 CXCL5 IFNG IL18
4	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.13	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL5

Sources

Sources for Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

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⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

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¹⁶ DrugBank

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¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

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³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia