Pyelonephritis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: PYL005 MIFTS: 56	Pyelonephritis Categories: Nephrological diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Pyelonephritis:

Name: Pyelonephritis ¹¹ ⁷⁵ ²⁸ ⁵³ ⁴³ ¹⁴ ¹⁶ ⁷¹

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Nephrological diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Renal tubulo-interstitial diseases

Renal tubulo-interstitial disorders in diseases classified elsewhere

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:11400

ICD9CM ³⁴ 590.80

MeSH ⁴³ D011704

NCIt ⁴⁹ C34965

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 45816000

ICD10 ³¹ N16

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_1001141

UMLS ⁷¹ C0034186

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Summaries for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards based summary: Pyelonephritis is related to chronic pyelonephritis and acute pyelonephritis. An important gene associated with Pyelonephritis is TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Nitrofurantoin and Icodextrin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include kidney, liver and spleen, and related phenotypes are Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) and homeostasis/metabolism

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. Symptoms most... more...

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Related Diseases for Pyelonephritis

Diseases in the Pyelonephritis family:

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Acute Pyelonephritis

Diseases related to Pyelonephritis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1270)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chronic pyelonephritis	32.5	UMOD CRP ALB ACE
2	acute pyelonephritis	31.9	TNF TLR4 NAGLU LCN2 IL6 IL1B
3	acute cystitis	31.6	UMOD TLR4 LCN2 IL6 CXCL8
4	cystitis	31.6	UMOD TNF TLR4 IL6 CXCL8 CRP
5	nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate	31.5	UMOD NAGLU AMBP
6	pyuria	31.2	LCN2 IL6 GPT CRP ALB
7	renal tuberculosis	31.2	CRP ALB
8	hydronephrosis	31.0	NAGLU LCN2 IL6 CXCL8 CRP CCL2
9	fasciitis	30.9	TNF IL6 CXCL8
10	pyelitis	30.8	UMOD TNF TLR4 LCN2 IL6 IL1B
11	bacteriuria	30.8	UMOD TLR4 IL6 CXCR2 CXCR1 CXCL8
12	neurogenic bladder	30.8	CRP CALCA ALB ACE
13	urinary tract infection	30.8	UMOD TNF TLR4 LCN2 IL6 IL1B
14	kidney papillary necrosis	30.8	UMOD ALB ACE
15	vesicoureteral reflux	30.8	UMOD NAGLU LCN2 CXCL8 CRP AMBP
16	urolithiasis	30.8	UMOD IL6 IL1B CCL2 AMBP ALB
17	amyloidosis	30.7	TNF IL6 IL1B CRP ALB
18	serum amyloid a amyloidosis	30.7	TNF IL6 CRP ALB
19	diabetes mellitus, ketosis-prone	30.7	GPT CRP ALB ACE
20	nephrosclerosis	30.7	TNF CCL2 ACE
21	toxic shock syndrome	30.7	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
22	optic papillitis	30.7	TNF CRP ACE
23	anuria	30.6	LCN2 CRP ALB ACE
24	cholecystitis	30.6	TLR4 GPT CRP CALCA ALB
25	renal hypertension	30.6	CRP ALB ACE
26	neutrophilia, hereditary	30.6	IL6 CSF3 CRP
27	splenic abscess	30.6	GPT CRP ALB
28	interstitial nephritis	30.5	UMOD TNF LCN2 CRP ALB ACE
29	acute kidney failure	30.5	UMOD LCN2 IL6 GPT AMBP ALB
30	infective endocarditis	30.5	IL6 CXCL8 CRP ALB ACE
31	carbuncle	30.5	TNF IL6 IL1B ALB
32	emphysematous cholecystitis	30.5	GPT CRP
33	microvascular complications of diabetes 3	30.5	NAGLU ALB ACE
34	necrotizing fasciitis	30.5	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CRP ALB
35	glomerulonephritis	30.4	TNF LCN2 IL6 IL1B IL10 CRP
36	adult respiratory distress syndrome	30.4	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CRP
37	pleural empyema	30.4	IL6 GPT CRP ALB
38	microvascular complications of diabetes 1	30.4	CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
39	urinary tract obstruction	30.4	UMOD TNF NAGLU LCN2 IL6 IL1B
40	uremia	30.4	TNF IL6 IL1B CRP ALB ACE
41	klebsiella pneumonia	30.4	GPT CRP ALB
42	prostatitis	30.4	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CXCL10
43	endophthalmitis	30.4	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CRP ALB
44	endocarditis	30.3	TNF LCN2 IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CRP
45	haemophilus influenzae	30.3	TNF IL1B CXCL8
46	discitis	30.3	CRP CALCA ALB
47	nutritional deficiency disease	30.2	IL6 CRP ALB
48	diverticulitis	30.2	TNF IL6 CXCL10 CRP ALB
49	hypertensive heart disease	30.2	IL6 CRP ACE
50	prostatic hypertrophy	30.2	CRP ALB ACE

Comorbidity relations with Pyelonephritis via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 21)

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Pyelonephritis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Pyelonephritis

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁵

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	no effect	GR00402-S-1	10.17	ACE ALB AMBP CALCA CCL2 CRP
2	no effect	GR00402-S-2	10.17	ACE ALB AMBP CALCA CCL2 CRP
3	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-1	9.8	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B LCN2 TNF UMOD
4	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-2	9.8	ACE CXCL8 IL10 IL1B LCN2 TNF
5	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-3	9.8	UMOD

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Pyelonephritis:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.24	ACE ALB CALCA CCL2 CRP CXCL10
2	neoplasm	MP:0002006	10.16	ACE ALB CALCA CCL2 CXCR2 IL10
3	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	10.13	ACE ALB CALCA CSF3 CXCR2 IL6
4	cellular	MP:0005384	10.13	ACE ALB AMBP CCL2 CXCL10 CXCR2
5	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.13	ACE ALB CALCA CCL2 CRP CXCL10
6	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.1	ACE ALB CCL2 CXCR2 IL10 IL6
7	immune system	MP:0005387	10.03	ACE ALB CCL2 CRP CSF3 CXCL10
8	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.73	CALCA CCL2 CXCR1 CXCR2 GPT IL10
9	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	9.44	ACE CCL2 CSF3 CXCL10 CXCR1 CXCR2

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Pyelonephritis

Drugs for Pyelonephritis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 86)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Nitrofurantoin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

67-20-9

5353830

Icodextrin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

337376-15-5

Cephalexin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15686-71-2

27447

Meropenem

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

119478-56-7, 96036-03-2

441130

Ceftazidime

Approved

Phase 4

78439-06-2, 72558-82-8

5481173

Avibactam

Approved

Phase 4

1192500-31-4

Colistin

Approved

Phase 4

1264-72-8, 1066-17-7

5311054

Tigecycline

Approved

Phase 4

220620-09-7

5282044

Fosfomycin

Approved

Phase 4

23155-02-4

446987

Amikacin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

37517-28-5, 39831-55-5

37768

Ceftriaxone

Approved

Phase 4

73384-59-5

5479530

Cefixime

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

79350-37-1

5362065

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

100986-85-4

149096

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 4

82419-36-1

4583

Amdinocillin

Investigational, Withdrawn

Phase 4

32887-01-7

36273

Fluoroquinolones

Phase 4

Antitubercular Agents

Phase 4

Avibactam, ceftazidime drug combination

Phase 4

Technetium Tc 99m Dimercaptosuccinic Acid

Phase 4

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 4

Ceftolozane

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

689293-68-3

75984602

Ertapenem

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

153832-46-3

150610

Piperacillin

Approved

Phase 3

66258-76-2

43672

Vaborbactam

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

1360457-46-0

Sulbactam

Approved

Phase 3

68373-14-8

5316

Edetate calcium disodium anhydrous

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

62-33-9, 60-00-4

6049

Pentetic acid

Approved

Phase 3

67-43-6

Dexamethasone acetate

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3

1177-87-3

3680

Dexamethasone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3

50-02-2

3003 5743

Tazobactam

Approved

Phase 3

89786-04-9

123630

Cefepime

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

88040-23-7

5479537

Ciprofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

85721-33-1, 93107-08-5

2764

Ceftibuten

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

97519-39-6

5282242

Amoxicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

26787-78-0

33613

Doripenem

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

148016-81-3

73303

Clavulanic acid

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

58001-44-8

5280980

(3-Carboxy-2-(R)-Hydroxy-Propyl)-Trimethyl-Ammonium

Experimental

Phase 3

461-06-3

Omega 3 Fatty Acid

Phase 3

Enmetazobactam

Phase 3

Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination

Phase 3

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 3

Hormones

Phase 3

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 3

Antiemetics

Phase 3

glucocorticoids

Phase 3

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 3

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 3

beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

Phase 3

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 82)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Impact on the Intestinal Microbiota of Treatment With Ceftriaxone in Women's Acute Community Pyelonephritis	Unknown status	NCT03179384	Phase 4	Ceftriaxone
2	Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Acute Pyelonephritis for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Vesico-Ureteral Reflux.	Completed	NCT00382343	Phase 4	Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
3	Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis With Gram Negative Strains in Infants and Children Less Than 3 Years Old. Cefixime PO 10d vs Ceftriaxone IV 4d Followed by Cefixime PO 6d. Multicenter, Randomised Trial of Equivalence.	Completed	NCT00136656	Phase 4	antibiotic;antibiotics
4	Randomized Controled Multicentric Trial, of Non Inferiority, Comparing Two Durations of Antibiotherapy (5 Days Versus 10 Days) in COMMUNAUTARY Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis.	Completed	NCT00873626	Phase 4	levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
5	Efficacy and Safety Study of Short Term Antibiotic During Seven Days With Ceftriaxone Intravenous the First Day Then Cefixime the Second Day Till the Seventh Day of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis in Women Between 18 and 65 Years Old	Completed	NCT01390623	Phase 4	Ceftriaxone
6	The Efficacy and Safety of Pivmecillinam in Treating Bacteriemic Urosepsis Caused by E.Coli	Completed	NCT03282006	Phase 4	pivmecillinam
7	Management of Sub-Clinical Bacteriuria in Pregnancy: A Feasibility Trial	Completed	NCT03275623	Phase 4	Antibiotic
8	Impact of Six Patient Information Leaflets (PIL) on Doctor Patient Communication and Adherence in Emergency Ward	Completed	NCT02246361	Phase 4
9	Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in Pediatric Patients With Emphasis on Renal Excretion	Completed	NCT02598362	Phase 4	ciprofloxacin
10	AN OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, MULTI-CENTER, ACTIVE-CONTROLLED STUDY TO ESTIMATE THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF CEFTAZIDIME-AVIBACTAM (CAZ-AVI) VERSUS BEST AVAILABLE TREATMENT (BAT) IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIONS DUE TO CARBAPENEM-RESISTANT GRAM-NEGATIVE PATHOGENS IN CHINESE ADULTS	Recruiting	NCT04882085	Phase 4	Zavicefta, Ceftazidime-Avibactam;Best Available Treatment
11	3-day Intravenous Antibiotic Treatment Versus 3-day Intravenous Followed by 7-day Oral Antibiotic Treatment for Acute Pyelonephritis in Children 1 Month to 3 Years Old: a Non-inferiority Open Randomized Multicentric Clinical Trial	Not yet recruiting	NCT05544565	Phase 4	IV Antibacterial Agents;Orally antibacterial agents
12	TREATMENT OF ACUTE UNCOMPLICATED PYELONEPHRITIS WITH SHORT COURSE LEVOFLOXACIN A Pilot Study	Terminated	NCT00239161	Phase 4	Levofloxacin
13	The Effect of L-carnitine on the Prevention of Renal Scarring in Children With Acute Pyelonephritis	Unknown status	NCT02007889	Phase 3	L-carnitine
14	Oral Omega-3 for Reduction of Kidney Scar Due to Pyelonephritis in Children	Unknown status	NCT02192580	Phase 3	Omega-3
15	A Multicenter, Open-label, Noncomparative, Japanese Phase III Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (MK-7625A) in Japanese Patients With Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis and Complicated Urinary Tract Infection	Completed	NCT02728089	Phase 3	MK-7625A 1.5 g (ceftolozane 1 g/tazobactam 0.5 g)
16	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Multicenter, Prospective Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (SPR994) Compared to Intravenous Ertapenem in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Completed	NCT03788967	Phase 3	TBPM-PI-HBr;Ertapenem;Dummy Infusion;Dummy tablets
17	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind, Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Cefepime-AAI101 Compared to Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis.	Completed	NCT03687255	Phase 3	cefepime/AAI101 combination;Piperacillin/tazobactam
18	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Active Controlled Noninferiority Study Evaluating the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Cefepime/VNRX-5133 in Adults With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTI), Including Acute Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT03840148	Phase 3	Cefepime/VNRX-5133 (taniborbactam);Meropenem
19	A Phase III, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Group, Comparative Study to Determine the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Ceftazidime Avibactam (CAZ-AVI, Formerly CAZ104) Versus Doripenem Followed by Appropriate Oral Therapy in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis, With a Gram Negative Pathogen in Hospitalized Adults	Completed	NCT01599806	Phase 3	Ceftazidime - Avibactam ( CAZ-AVI);Doripenem;Either switch to oral therapy: 500 mg of Ciprofloxacin (oral);or switch to oral therapy: 800 mg/160 mg of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (oral)
20	A Phase III, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Double Dummy, Parallel Group, Comparative Study to Determine the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Ceftazidime Avibactam (CAZ-AVI, Formerly CAZ104) Versus Doripenem Followed by Appropriate Oral Therapy in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis, With a Gram Negative Pathogen in Hospitalized Adults	Completed	NCT01595438	Phase 3	Ceftazidime - Avibactam ( CAZ-AVI);Doripenem;Either switch to oral therapy: 500 mg of Ciprofloxacin (oral);or switch to oral therapy: 800 mg/160 mg of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (oral)
21	A Phase 3, Randomized, Multicenter, Double-Blind Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Plazomicin Compared With Meropenem Followed by Optional Oral Therapy for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI), Including Acute Pyelonephritis (AP), in Adults	Completed	NCT02486627	Phase 3	plazomicin;meropenem;levofloxacin (oral)
22	A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase 3 Study of Doripenem Verus a Comparator Antibiotic in the Treatment of Complicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection or Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00229021	Phase 3	doripenum
23	A Multicenter, Phase 3 Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Doripenem in Complicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection or Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00210990	Phase 3	doripenem
24	A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of Levofloxacin 750 mg Once Daily for Five Days Versus Ciprofloxacin Twice Daily for Ten Days in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and Acute Pyelonephritis.	Completed	NCT00210886	Phase 3	levofloxacin
25	A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-blind, Positive-control, Multicenter, Prospective Study to Assess Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Benapenem in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Completed	NCT04505683	Phase 2, Phase 3	Benapenem;Ertapenem
26	Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Study Evaluating Efficacy/Safety/Tolerability of Meropenem-Vaborbactam Compared to Piperacillin/Tazobactam in Adult Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT02166476	Phase 3	Meropenem-Vaborbactam;Piperacillin-Tazobactam;Levofloxacin;Saline
27	A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Phase 3 Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous CXA-201 and Intravenous Levofloxacin in Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Including Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT01345929	Phase 3	CXA-201;Levofloxacin
28	A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Plazomicin Compared With Colistin in Patients With Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)	Completed	NCT01970371	Phase 3	plazomicin;colistin;meropenem;tigecycline;antibiotic of Investigator's choice
29	Randomized, Double-Blind, Comparative Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of ZTI-01 vs Piperacillin/Tazobactam in the Treatment of cUTI/AP Infection in Hospitalized Adults	Completed	NCT02753946	Phase 2, Phase 3	ZTI-01;Piperacillin-tazobactam
30	A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Study To Compare The Safety And Efficacy Of Oral Levofloxacin With That Of Ciprofloxacin HCl In The Treatment Of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections In Adults	Completed	NCT00258089	Phase 3	Levofloxacin
31	Randomized, Double-blind, Double-dummy, Active-controlled, Multi-centre Trial to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone+ Sulbactam+ EDTA) With Meropenem in Infections Caused by β-Lactamase (ESBL and MBL) Producing Gram-Negative Bacteria	Completed	NCT03477422	Phase 3	CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone + Sulbactam + EDTA);Meropenem
32	A Phase 3, Multi-Center, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Vabomere(Meropenem-vaborbactam) Versus Best Available Therapy in Subjects With Selected Serious Infections Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)	Completed	NCT02168946	Phase 3	Vabomere;Best Available Therapy
33	Efficacy of Corticosteroids in Reducing Renal Scarring in Acute Pyelonephritis in Children:A Multi-centre, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Clinical Trial	Recruiting	NCT04654507	Phase 3	Dexamethasone Oral;Placebo
34	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Comparative Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Cefepime-zidebactam vs. Meropenem in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults	Recruiting	NCT04979806	Phase 3	Cefepime-zidebactam (FEP-ZID);Meropenem
35	Efficacy of 7 Days Versus 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy for Acute Pyelonephritis in Kidney Transplant Recipients, a Multicentre Randomized Non-inferiority Trial.	Not yet recruiting	NCT05597540	Phase 3	Short antibiotic treatment;Usual antibiotic treatment
36	A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Comparative, Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Imipenem/Cilastatin/XNW4107 in Comparison With Meropenem in Hospitalized Adults With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis.(EudraCT no. 2022-000061-40)	Not yet recruiting	NCT05204368	Phase 3	Combination of Imipenem/Cilastatin and XNW4107;Meropenem
37	A Phase III, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Comparative Study to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Cefepime-Tazobactam vs. Meropenem Followed by Optional Oral Therapy in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection or Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults	Not yet recruiting	NCT03630081	Phase 3	FEP-TAZ 4 g;Meropenem;ciprofloxacin 500 mg Optional Oral Switch
38	Randomised Controlled Trial on Efficacy and Safety of Short Term Versus Long Term Antibiotic Therapy for Pyelonephritis in Childhood.	Terminated	NCT00724256	Phase 3	ceftibuten
39	A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Infusions of Flomoxef Versus Intravenous Infusions of Cefepime in the Treatment of Subjects With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Including Pyelonephritis	Terminated	NCT02302092	Phase 3	Flomoxef;Cefepime
40	A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Study to Establish the Safety and Tolerability of Doripenem Compared With Cefepime in Hospitalized Children With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections	Terminated	NCT01110408	Phase 3	Doripenem;Doripenem placebo;Cefepime;Cefepime placebo;Amoxicillin/clavulanate potassium
41	A Randomized Controlled Trial of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children With Pyelonephritis in the Abscence of Vesicoureteral Reflux	Withdrawn	NCT00752375	Phase 3	Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole;placebo
42	A Randomized Controlled Trial of Sitafloxacin and Ertapenem Treatment for Acute Pyelonephritis Caused by Extended-Spectrum ß-lactamase-producing Escherichia Coli	Unknown status	NCT02537847	Phase 2	Sitafloxacin;Ertapenem
43	A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Clinical Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous S-649266 in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections With or Without Pyelonephritis or Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis Caused by Gram-Negative Pathogens in Hospitalized Adults in Comparison With Intravenous Imipenem/Cilastatin	Completed	NCT02321800	Phase 2	Cefiderocol;Imipenem/cilastatin
44	Randomized, Double-Blind, Multi-Center Study of Cefepime/AAI101 in Hospitalized Adults With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections, Including Acute Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT03680612	Phase 2	Cefepime 1G - 2G / AAI101 0.5G - 0.75G;cefepime 1 g or cefepime 2 g
45	A Multi-Dose, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Active- Control, Randomized Clinical (Phase II) Study of Two Dosing Regimens of Finafloxacin for the Treatment of cUTI and/or Acute Pyelonephritis Requiring Hospitalisation.	Completed	NCT01928433	Phase 2	Finafloxacin 800 mg i.v. once daily;Finafloxacin placebo i.v. once daily;Finafloxacin 800 mg tablets once daily;Finafloxacin placebo tablets once daily;Ciprofloxacin 400 mg i.v. twice daily;Ciprofloxacin placebo i.v. twice daily;Ciprofloxacin 500 mg oral twice daily;Ciprofloxacin placebo oral twice daily
46	A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Adaptive Phase 2 Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of iv or iv/po Omadacycline and iv/po Levofloxacin in the Treatment of Adults With Acute Pyelonephritis.	Completed	NCT03757234	Phase 2	Omadacycline;Levofloxacin
47	Study of the Effect of Acetylcysteine on Inflammation Biomarkers in Pediatric Acute Pyelonephritis.	Completed	NCT02080182	Phase 2	Acetylcysteine;placebo acetylcysteine
48	A Phase 2, Randomized, Active Comparator-Controlled, Multicenter, Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Study the Safety and Efficacy of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (MK-7625A) Versus Meropenem in Pediatric Subjects With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Including Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT03230838	Phase 2	Ceftolozane/Tazobactam;Meropenem
49	A Double-blind, Randomized, Comparator-controlled Study to Assess the Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of ACHN-490 Injection Administered IV in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections or Acute Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT01096849	Phase 2	levofloxacin;plazomicin;placebo
50	A Multicenter, Double-blind, Randomized, Phase 2 Study to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous CXA-101 and Intravenous Ceftazidime in Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Including Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00921024	Phase 2	CXA-101;Ceftazidime

Search NIH Clinical Center for Pyelonephritis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: pyelonephritis

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Genetic Tests for Pyelonephritis

Genetic tests related to Pyelonephritis:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Pyelonephritis ²⁸

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Anatomical Context for Pyelonephritis

Organs/tissues related to Pyelonephritis:

MalaCards : Kidney, Liver, Spleen, Spinal Cord, Neutrophil, Prostate, Small Intestine

Sources

Publications for Pyelonephritis

Articles related to Pyelonephritis:

(show top 50) (show all 13503)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase as a diagnostic marker of acute pyelonephritis in children. ⁵³ ⁶²	Mohkam M...Sharifian M	19367005	2008
2	Doripenem: a review of its use in the treatment of bacterial infections. ⁵³ ⁶²	Keam SJ	18778123	2008
3	The multiple functions of Tamm-Horsfall protein in human health and disease: a mystery clears up. ⁵³ ⁶²	Weichhart T...Saemann MD	15989109	2005
4	Tamm-Horsfall protein: a multilayered defence molecule against urinary tract infection. ⁵³ ⁶²	Saemann MD...Zlabinger GJ	15816991	2005
5	In vivo expression of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 by renal epithelial cells: IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha mediated up-regulation during inflammation. ⁵³ ⁶²	Wolfs TG...van 't Veer C	11801667	2002
6	Induction of innate immune responses by Escherichia coli and purified lipopolysaccharide correlate with organ- and cell-specific expression of Toll-like receptors within the human urinary tract. ⁵³ ⁶²	Backhed F...Richter-Dahlfors A	11260138	2001
7	[Microproteinuria and enzymuria in fever and pyelonephritis in childhood. A prospective study of 180 children]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Zoller G...Ringert RH	9123685	1997
8	[Evaluation of N-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase in upper and lower urinary tract infections in childhood. Clinical study of 168 children]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Belli A...Ruberto U	9064498	1996
9	dra-related X adhesins of gestational pyelonephritis-associated Escherichia coli recognize SCR-3 and SCR-4 domains of recombinant decay-accelerating factor. ⁵³ ⁶²	Pham T...Nowicki BJ	7537246	1995
10	Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and beta-2-microglobulin in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection in febrile infants. ⁵³ ⁶²	Jantausch BA...Wiedermann BL	8036046	1994
11	Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in normal Chinese children and children with pyelonephritis. ⁵³ ⁶²	Tsau YK...Sheu JN	2063674	1991
12	Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and the selection of children for radiologic evaluation after urinary tract infection. ⁵³ ⁶²	Johnson CE...Hall PW	2371096	1990
13	Atypical presentation of focal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. ⁶²	Dhingra K...Osher M	36439935	2023
14	I saw the "bear paw" sign - Massive renal xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. ⁶²	Mynarski NJ...Negrete LM	36410078	2023
15	Post mortem computed tomography is highly sensitive for pyelonephritis. A radiologic-pathologic correlation series. ⁶²	Gershon A...Ball CG	36210403	2022
16	A girl with hearing loss, dizziness, hypertension, and pyelonephritis with ureteral edema: Answers. ⁶²	Kaneko S...Mori M	35507143	2022
17	A girl with hearing loss, dizziness, hypertension, and pyelonephritis with ureteral edema: Questions. ⁶²	Kaneko S...Mori M	35507147	2022
18	Early versus Late acute graft pyelonephritis: A retrospective analysis of graft and patient outcomes. ⁶²	Mathews T...Srivastava A	35787934	2022
19	Reducing antibiotic use in uncomplicated urinary tract infections in adult women: a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis. ⁶²	Kau?ner Y...Gagyor I	35788049	2022
20	Determining the effectiveness of the immature granulocyte percentage and systemic immune-inflammation index in predicting acute pyelonephritis. ⁶²	Karakaya D...Bulbul M	36472407	2022
21	Neglected listeria infection in pregnancy in China: 93 cases. ⁶²	Xu L...Wu Y	35264053	2022
22	Increased risk of urinary tract infection and pyelonephritis under concomitant use of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors with antidiabetic, antidyslipidemic, and antihypertensive drugs: An observational study. ⁶²	Tada K...Gosho M	35484899	2022
23	Costus spiralis extract restores kidney function in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity model: Ethnopharmacological use, chemical and toxicological investigation. ⁶²	Amorim JM...Castilho RO	35772602	2022
24	Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis - A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Dilemma. ⁶²	Jang TL...Polenakovik HM	36473546	2022
25	Preemptive liver transplant in two patients with primary hyperoxaluria type 1: Clinical significance of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. ⁶²	Uchida H...Kasahara M	35979862	2022
26	Clinical presentation and management of urolithiasis in the obstetric patient: a matched cohort study. ⁶²	Sebastian N...Abenhaim HA	33969780	2022
27	Hospitalizations for infections in primary Sjögren's syndrome patients: a nationwide incidence study. ⁶²	Goulabchand R...Guilpain P	36173925	2022
28	Evaluation of hymenal adhesions resection in the treatment of recurrent post-coital cystitis. ⁶²	Descazeaud C...Saidani N	36224051	2022
29	Delays in Ureteroscopy and Shock Wave Lithotripsy After Ureteral Stent Placement: Impact on Infectious Complications, Resource Use, and Medical Costs. ⁶²	Bhojani N...Eisner BH	36458475	2022
30	The prevalence of Mycoplasma hominis in Outpatients at a Tertiary Care Hospital in East India. ⁶²	Majhi J...Chayani N	36382313	2022
31	First description of a clinical glutamine-dependent Escherichia coli with a missense mutation in the glnA. ⁶²	Matsumoto T...Takahashi M	35948249	2022
32	[Calico-venous fistulae: an intrarenal complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy]. ⁶²	Kalinin NE...Gazimiev MA	36382824	2022
33	Role of Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery in the Management of Diabetic Renal Papillary Necrosis. ⁶²	Ragoori D...Chiruvella M	35531893	2022
34	[The influence of pyelovenous reflux on the development of acute pyelonephritis in an experimental model]. ⁶²	Akhmedov OR...Kotov SV	36382813	2022
35	ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Acute Pyelonephritis: 2022 Update. ⁶²	Expert Panel on Urological Imaging...Lockhart ME	36436954	2022
36	[Blebbing of plasma membrane of lymphocytes in infectious complications of urolithiasis]. ⁶²	Berezhnoi AG...Dunaevskaya SS	36382815	2022
37	Unusual case of urothelial carcinoma disguised as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis and causing reno-colic fistula: Case report and review of literature. ⁶²	Aassouani F...Alami B	36105829	2022
38	National Adherence to Guidelines for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy. ⁶²	Prunty M...Shoag JE	36383758	2022
39	Functional constipation as a risk factor for pyelonephritis and recurrent urinary tract infection in children. ⁶²	Axelgaard S...Borch L	36435986	2022
40	Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment Analyses as Support for Meropenem-Vaborbactam Dosing Regimens and Susceptibility Breakpoints. ⁶²	Bhavnani SM...Rubino CM	36374023	2022
41	Genomic analysis of a multidrug methicillin-resistant staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from the urine of a guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) with suspected pyelonephritis. ⁶²	Gaeta NC...Heinemann MB	36323834	2022
42	[Two Cases of Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Successfully Treated by Transurethral Catheterization]. ⁶²	Takemori D...Kobayashi S	36458398	2022
43	Assessment of nationally recommended antibiotics for treatment of UTI in U.S.-Mexico border emergency departments. ⁶²	Davis WH...Crawford SB	36027632	2022
44	Protective role for C3aR in experimental chronic pyelonephritis. ⁶²	Zhao SJ...Li K	36250902	2022
45	An update on pyelonephritis: role of contrast enhancement ultrasound (CEUS). ⁶²	Rinaldo C...Romano L	36385692	2022
46	Renal mucormycosis following transurethral resection of prostate in the time of COVID-19: Unique imaging features resembling emphysematous pyelonephritis. ⁶²	Basiri A...Amini E	36438453	2022
47	Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: An Infrequent Entity in the Emergency Service. ⁶²	Martinez Martinez C...Garcia-Villanova Ruiz P	35985523	2022
48	Contralateral necrotizing fascitis after left nephrectomy for emphysematous pyelonephritis. ⁶²	Fuentes A...Kompatzki A	36341196	2022
49	Tubercular empyema a sequalae of emphysematous pyelonephritis with porous diaphragm syndrome and its successful management: A case report. ⁶²	Dantis K...I T K	36252542	2022
50	[Risk factors and mechanisms of acute pyelonephritis development after contact ureterolithotripsy]. ⁶²	Barinov EF...Grigoryan KV	36382814	2022

Sources

Genes for Pyelonephritis

Genes related to Pyelonephritis (0 elite genes):

(show all 30)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	TLR4	Toll Like Receptor 4	Protein Coding	17.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11260138 11801667
2	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	16.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	14.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	14.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	AMBP	Alpha-1-Microglobulin/Bikunin Precursor	Protein Coding	14.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9123685
6	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	14.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	CXCR1	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1	Protein Coding	14.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	LCN2	Lipocalin 2	Protein Coding	13.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	NAGLU	N-Acetyl-Alpha-Glucosaminidase	Protein Coding	13.68	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19367005 2371096 9064498 (more) 8036046 2063674
10	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	13.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	13.57	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	13.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	13.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	GPT	Glutamic--Pyruvic Transaminase	Protein Coding	12.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	IL10	Interleukin 10	Protein Coding	12.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	CALCA	Calcitonin Related Polypeptide Alpha	Protein Coding	12.77	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	CXCR2	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2	Protein Coding	12.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
18	UMOD	Uromodulin	Protein Coding	12.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15816991 15989109
19	CSF3	Colony Stimulating Factor 3	Protein Coding	12.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
20	CXCL10	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10	Protein Coding	12.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
21	AQP2	Aquaporin 2	Protein Coding	12.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
22	CXCL2	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	12.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
23	IL1A	Interleukin 1 Alpha	Protein Coding	12.09	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
24	DEFA5	Defensin Alpha 5	Protein Coding	11.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Functions (show sections)
25	CCL5	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	11.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
26	IFNG	Interferon Gamma	Protein Coding	11.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
27	MMP9	Matrix Metallopeptidase 9	Protein Coding	11.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
28	TREM1	Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 1	Protein Coding	11.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
29	TIMP1	TIMP Metallopeptidase Inhibitor 1	Protein Coding	11.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
30	ADM	Adrenomedullin	Protein Coding	11.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Pyelonephritis

Sources

Expression for Pyelonephritis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Pyelonephritis.

Sources

Pathways for Pyelonephritis

Pathways related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 62)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁶ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁶	14.02	TNF TLR4 LCN2 IL6 IL1B IL10
2	ERK Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶⁴ MAPK Signaling ⁶⁴ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶⁴ Rho Family GTPases ⁶⁴	13.87	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCR2 CXCR1
3	MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁴ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁴ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁴ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁴ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁴ Overview of proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators ⁷⁴ PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁴ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁴ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁴	13.68	CCL2 CSF3 CXCL10 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
4	Akt Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁴ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁴	13.43	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCR2
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁶	13.38	CCL2 CSF3 CXCL10 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B
6	PAK Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁴ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁴	13.35	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCR2 CXCR1
7	Toll-like receptor signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Hepatitis B infection ⁷⁴ Measles virus infection ⁷⁴ Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway ⁷⁴	12.91	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10
8	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Androgen Signaling ⁶⁴ Chemokine Signaling ⁶⁴ Chemokine signaling pathway ⁷⁴	12.87	CXCR2 CXCR1 CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
9	Malignant pleural mesothelioma ⁷⁴	12.77	IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL10 CSF3 CCL2
10	Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling ⁶¹ Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling ⁶⁴ Development Angiopoietin - Tie2 signaling ²² Development PDGF signaling via STATs and NF-kB ²² IL23-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Immune response IL-10 signaling pathway ²² RAC1/PAK1/p38/MMP2 pathway ⁷⁴	12.64	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CCL2
11	NF-kappaB Signaling ³	12.62	TNF IL1B IL10 CXCL10 CCL2
12	Toll-Like receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Inflammasome Activation Pathways ⁶⁵ Nanomaterial-induced inflammasome activation ⁷⁴ NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ TLR4 signaling and tolerance ⁷⁴ Toll-Like Receptors Pathway ⁶⁴	12.59	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
13	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²² Show member pathways Altered glycosylation of MUC1 in tumor microenvironment ⁷⁴ IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²² IL1-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²² Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²² NTHi-Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ Signal transduction through IL1R ⁷⁴	12.5	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CXCL10
14	Toll Comparative Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL-1 Pathway ⁶⁴ Immune response MIF in innate immunity response ²² iNOS Signaling ⁶⁴ TLR-TRIF Pathway ⁶⁴	12.39	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCL8
15	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ IL-17 signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²²	12.37	TNF IL6 CXCL8 CXCL10 CSF3 CCL2
16	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) susceptibility pathways ⁷⁴	12.26	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
17	Neuroinflammation and glutamatergic signaling ⁷⁴	12.16	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10
18	Chemokine Superfamily: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁶	12.14	CXCR2 CXCR1 CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
19	Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁵	12.06	TNF IL6 IL10 CSF3
20	IL27-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Show member pathways IL12 signaling pathway ⁶⁷ Th1 Differentiation ⁶⁵	12.02	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10
21	CCL18 signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.97	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL6
22	Spinal cord injury ⁷⁴	11.97	CCL2 CXCL10 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4
23	Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF (Mouse model) ²² Show member pathways Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF ²²	11.96	TLR4 IL6 CXCL8 CSF3
24	Allograft rejection ⁷⁴	11.95	TNF IL1B IL10 CXCL8
25	Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.9	TNF LCN2 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8
26	Network map of SARS-CoV-2 signaling pathway ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 mediated by nsp9-nsp10 complex ⁷⁴	11.87	IL6 CXCL8 CRP CCL2
27	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁵	11.85	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
28	Extrafollicular B cell activation by SARS-CoV-2 ⁷⁴	11.83	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10 CRP
29	Innate Lymphoid Cells Differentiation ⁶⁵	11.81	TNF IL1B IL10
30	AP-1 transcription factor network ⁶¹	11.81	IL6 IL10 CXCL8 CCL2
31	Acute viral myocarditis ⁷⁴	11.78	TLR4 IL6 IL10
32	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²²	11.77	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8
33	IL 10 signaling pathway ⁶⁷	11.75	IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
34	Inflammatory bowel disease signaling ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Ulcerative colitis signaling ⁷⁴	11.73	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL10
35	miRNAs involvement in the immune response in sepsis ⁷⁴	11.67	TNF TLR4 LCN2 IL6 IL10 CXCL8
36	Hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma ⁷⁴	11.64	IL6 CXCR1 CXCL8
37	Non-genomic actions of 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 ⁷⁴	11.64	CCL2 CXCL8 IL6 TLR4 TNF
38	MSP-RON Signaling ⁶⁴	11.63	TNF TLR4 IL1B CCL2
39	SARS-CoV-2 innate immunity evasion and cell-specific immune response ⁷⁴	11.63	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR2 IL10 TNF
40	Netrin-UNC5B signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.62	TNF IL10 CCL2
41	Transcription_Role of VDR in regulation of genes involved in osteoporosis ²²	11.6	TNF IL6 IL1B CALCA
42	IL8- and CXCR2-mediated signaling events ⁶¹ Show member pathways IL8- and CXCR1-mediated signaling events ⁶¹	11.58	CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
43	Interactions between immune cells and microRNAs in tumor microenvironment ⁷⁴	11.58	CCL2 CXCL10 TLR4
44	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ⁷⁴	11.56	TNF IL6 CCL2
45	Fibrin complement receptor 3 signaling pathway ⁷⁴	11.54	TNF TLR4 IL6 CXCL10 CCL2
46	Lung fibrosis ⁷⁴	11.5	TNF IL6 IL1B CXCL8 CSF3 CCL2
47	Validated transcriptional targets of AP1 family members Fra1 and Fra2 ⁶¹	11.43	CCL2 CXCL8 IL6
48	Burn wound healing ⁷⁴	11.43	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CXCR2 CXCL8
49	IL-10 Pathway ⁶⁴	11.42	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10
50	Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family ⁷⁴	11.39	TNF IL6 IL1B

Sources

GO Terms for Pyelonephritis

Cellular components related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	10.12	ACE ALB AMBP CALCA CCL2 CRP
2	external side of plasma membrane	GO:0009897	9.93	TNF TLR4 CXCR2 CXCR1 CXCL10 ACE
3	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.81	ACE ALB AMBP CALCA CCL2 CRP

Biological processes related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 39)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.43	CALCA CCL2 CSF3 CXCL10 CXCL8 CXCR1
2	negative regulation of cell population proliferation	GO:0008285	10.4	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF UMOD
3	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	GO:0050830	10.27	CRP IL1B IL6 TNF
4	positive regulation of inflammatory response	GO:0050729	10.25	TNF TLR4 IL1B ACE
5	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032755	10.24	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
6	positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0051091	10.24	CSF3 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
7	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	10.23	CXCR2 CXCR1 CXCL8 CXCL10 CCL2
8	calcium-mediated signaling	GO:0019722	10.22	TNF CXCR2 CXCR1 CXCL8
9	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	GO:0045429	10.15	TNF TLR4 IL1B
10	positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT	GO:0046427	10.14	TNF IL6 IL10
11	liver regeneration	GO:0097421	10.11	TNF IL6 IL10
12	positive regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response	GO:1900017	10.1	TNF TLR4 IL6
13	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	10.1	CCL2 CXCL10 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
14	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	10.1	CCL2 CXCL10 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL1B
15	negative regulation of neurogenesis	GO:0050768	10.09	TNF IL6 IL1B
16	receptor internalization	GO:0031623	10.09	CXCR2 CXCR1 CXCL8 CALCA
17	response to bacterium	GO:0009617	10.07	TNF TLR4 CXCL10 CCL2
18	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	10.07	IL1B IL6 TNF
19	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	10.07	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B
20	positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	GO:0034116	10.06	TNF IL1B IL10
21	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	10.06	TNF TLR4 IL1B CCL2
22	immune response	GO:0006955	10.06	CCL2 CSF3 CXCL10 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
23	positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	GO:0032757	10.02	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B CALCA
24	response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0032496	10	UMOD TNF TLR4 IL1B IL10 CXCL10
25	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	10	CALCA CCL2 CRP CXCL10 CXCL8 CXCR2
26	positive regulation of neuroinflammatory response	GO:0150078	9.99	TNF IL6 IL1B
27	negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response	GO:0002719	9.98	TNF IL10
28	positive regulation of fever generation	GO:0031622	9.97	TNF IL1B
29	negative regulation of lipid storage	GO:0010888	9.97	TNF IL6 CRP
30	cellular response to interleukin-17	GO:0097398	9.96	IL1B CXCL10
31	sequestering of triglyceride	GO:0030730	9.95	TNF IL1B
32	positive regulation of calcidiol 1-monooxygenase activity	GO:0060559	9.93	IL1B TNF
33	negative regulation of gap junction assembly	GO:1903597	9.91	IL1B ACE
34	interleukin-8-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0038112	9.91	CXCR2 CXCR1
35	vascular endothelial growth factor production	GO:0010573	9.91	TNF IL6 IL1B
36	chronic inflammatory response to antigenic stimulus	GO:0002439	9.9	TNF IL10
37	positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002690	9.87	IL6 CXCR2 CXCL10
38	response to external stimulus	GO:0009605	9.73	TLR4 CXCL8 CXCL10
39	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.55	TNF TLR4 IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8

Molecular functions related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signaling receptor binding	GO:0005102	9.65	TNF TLR4 IL6 CXCL10 CSF3 CCL2
2	interleukin-8 binding	GO:0019959	9.62	CXCR2 CXCR1
3	enterobactin binding	GO:1903981	9.56	LCN2 ALB
4	interleukin-8 receptor activity	GO:0004918	9.46	CXCR2 CXCR1
5	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.44	TNF IL6 IL1B IL10 CXCL8 CXCL10