Pyelonephritis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: PYL005 MIFTS: 56	Pyelonephritis Categories: Nephrological diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Pyelonephritis:

Name: Pyelonephritis ¹² ⁷⁷ ³⁰ ⁵⁶ ⁴⁵ ¹⁵ ¹⁷ ⁷⁴

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Nephrological diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³⁴

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Renal tubulo-interstitial diseases

Renal tubulo-interstitial disorders in diseases classified elsewhere

Tubulo-interstitial nephritis, not specified as acute or chronic

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:11400

ICD9CM ³⁶ 590.80

MeSH ⁴⁵ D011704

NCIt ⁵¹ C34965

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁹ 45816000

ICD10 ³⁴ N10-N16 N12 N16

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001141

UMLS ⁷⁴ C0034186

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Summaries for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards based summary : Pyelonephritis is related to pyelitis and acute cystitis. An important gene associated with Pyelonephritis is TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include kidney, prostate and testes, and related phenotypes are Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) and Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)

Wikipedia : ⁷⁷ Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. Symptoms most... more...

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Related Diseases for Pyelonephritis

Diseases in the Pyelonephritis family:

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Acute Pyelonephritis

Diseases related to Pyelonephritis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 561)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pyelitis	32.2	CRP CXCL8 CXCR1 IL6 TLR4
2	acute cystitis	32.2	ALB CCL2 CRP CXCL8 IL6
3	acute pyelonephritis	31.8	ALB CRP CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
4	cystitis	31.5	CCL2 CRP CXCL8 IL6 TLR4 TNF
5	hydronephrosis	30.8	ALB CCL2 NAGLU
6	glomerulonephritis	30.7	ALB CCL2 IL1B
7	fasciitis	30.5	CXCL8 IL6 TNF
8	pyuria	30.4	ALB CRP CXCL8
9	septic arthritis	30.2	CRP CXCL8 TLR4
10	haemophilus influenzae	30.1	CXCL8 IL1B TNF
11	interstitial nephritis	30.1	ACE ALB CRP UMOD
12	spinal cord injury	30.1	CXCL8 IL6 TNF
13	urinary tract obstruction	30.0	ALB CCL2 NAGLU UMOD
14	autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease	30.0	ACE ALB CCL2
15	acute kidney tubular necrosis	29.9	ALB NAGLU UMOD
16	infective endocarditis	29.9	CRP IL6 TNF
17	diabetes mellitus	29.9	ACE ALB CRP IL1B IL6 TNF
18	spondylitis	29.8	CRP IL6 TNF
19	purpura	29.8	CRP IL6 TNF
20	bacteriuria	29.8	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL6 TLR4
21	endometriosis	29.8	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6
22	crohn's colitis	29.8	CXCL8 IL1B TNF
23	interstitial cystitis	29.7	CXCL8 IL6 UMOD
24	salmonellosis	29.7	ALB IL1B TLR4
25	cerebral palsy	29.7	IL1B IL6 TNF
26	posterior urethral valves	29.7	ACE IL6 TNF
27	bronchitis	29.7	ALB CRP CXCL8 TNF
28	cholangitis	29.6	ALB CRP IL6 TNF
29	prostatitis	29.5	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
30	acute pancreatitis	29.5	CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL6
31	chronic kidney failure	29.5	ACE ALB CRP IL6 UMOD
32	obstructive jaundice	29.5	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
33	respiratory failure	29.4	ACE ALB CRP CXCL8 TNF
34	myeloma, multiple	29.4	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
35	endocarditis	29.4	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL6 TNF
36	eclampsia	29.4	ALB PGF TNF
37	sarcoidosis 1	29.4	ACE IL1B TNF
38	crohn's disease	29.4	CRP IL10 TNF
39	kidney disease	29.4	ACE ALB CCL2 CRP IL6 NAGLU
40	osteomyelitis	29.4	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
41	aspergillosis	29.3	IL10 TLR4 TNF
42	adult respiratory distress syndrome	29.2	ACE CXCL8 IL10 IL6 TNF
43	end stage renal failure	29.2	ACE ALB CRP IL6 TNF UMOD
44	iga glomerulonephritis	29.2	ACE ALB CCL2 IL6 NAGLU
45	melioidosis	29.2	IL10 IL6 TLR4 TNF
46	colitis	29.1	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
47	arthritis	29.0	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
48	brucellosis	28.8	CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL6 TLR4 TNF
49	appendicitis	28.8	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
50	kawasaki disease	28.7	ALB CCL2 CRP IL10 IL6 TNF

Comorbidity relations with Pyelonephritis via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 22)

Active Peptic Ulcer Disease	Acute Cystitis
Acute Kidney Failure	Alzheimer Disease
Chronic Kidney Failure	Chronic Myocardial Ischemia
Cystitis	Decubitus Ulcer
Deficiency Anemia	Esophagitis
Heart Disease	Hydronephrosis
Hypertension, Essential	Hypothyroidism
Iron Deficiency Anemia	Kidney Disease
Nephrolithiasis, X-Linked Recessive, with Renal Failure	Osteoporosis
Paralytic Ileus	Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Schizophreniform Disorder	Ureterolithiasis

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Pyelonephritis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Pyelonephritis

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁷

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-1	9.7	ACE CXCL8 IL10 IL1B TNF UMOD
2	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-2	9.7	ACE CXCL8 IL10 IL1B TNF UMOD

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Pyelonephritis:

⁴⁷ (show all 12)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	immune system	MP:0005387	10.22	ACE CCL2 CRP CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
2	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.19	ACE CRP CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.18	ACE CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6 NAGLU
4	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.17	ACE ALB CRP CXCR2 IL10 IL1B
5	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.11	ACE CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6
6	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	9.99	ACE IL6 PGF TLR4 TNF UMOD
7	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	9.92	ACE ALB CXCR2 IL10 IL6 NAGLU
8	integument	MP:0010771	9.91	IL10 IL1B IL6 NAGLU PGF TLR4
9	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.91	ACE ALB CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6
10	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.7	ACE ALB CXCR2 IL6 NAGLU TLR4
11	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.56	CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6 NAGLU TLR4
12	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.17	CXCR2 IL10 IL6 NAGLU PGF TLR4

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Pyelonephritis

Drugs for Pyelonephritis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 179)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Ciprofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

85721-33-1

2764

Cefuroxime

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

55268-75-2

5479529 5361202

Metronidazole

Approved

Phase 4

443-48-1

4173

Sulfamethoxazole

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

723-46-6

5329

Nitrofurantoin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

67-20-9

5353830

Trimethoprim

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

738-70-5

5578

leucovorin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

58-05-9

143 6006

Amoxicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

26787-78-0

33613

Cephalexin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

15686-71-2

27447

Ceftriaxone

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

73384-59-5

5479530 5361919

Cefixime

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 1

79350-37-1

5362065 54362

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

100986-85-4

149096

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

82419-36-1

4583

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 4

15687-27-1

3672

Fosfomycin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1

23155-02-4

446987

Cilastatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2

82009-34-5

6435415 5280454

Imipenem

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

64221-86-9, 74431-23-5

104838

Azithromycin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

83905-01-5

447043 55185

Ketoprofen

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22071-15-4

3825

Acetaminophen

Approved

Phase 4

103-90-2

1983

Cefoxitin

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

35607-66-0

441199

Cefotaxime

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

63527-52-6

5742673 456256

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

59-30-3

6037

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Anesthetics

Phase 4

cefuroxime axetil

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antitubercular Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antiprotozoal Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Fluoroquinolones

Phase 4,Phase 2

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Renal Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 2

Folate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Antimalarials

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Folic Acid Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Vitamin B9

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Vitamin B Complex

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Analgesics

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Clavulanic Acids

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 136)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Parenteral Antibiotics Compared to Combination of Oral and Parenteral Antibiotics in Colorectal Surgery Prophylaxis	Unknown status	NCT02505581	Phase 4	Extra dosage - cefuroxime (750mg) I.V;Cefuroxime 750mg oral;Metronidazole 250mg oral;Metronidazole 1,5gr Intravenous;Cefuroxime 1g Intravenous
2	Efficacy and Safety Study of Short-term Antibiotic for Pyelonephritis in Women	Completed	NCT01390623	Phase 4	Ceftriaxone
3	Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis With Gram Negative Strains in Infants and Children Less Than 3 Years Old	Completed	NCT00136656	Phase 4	antibiotic;antibiotics
4	Treatment's Duration of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00873626	Phase 4	levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
5	A Randomized Controlled Trial on Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children With Vesico-Ureteral Reflux	Completed	NCT00382343	Phase 4	Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
6	Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in Pediatric Patients	Completed	NCT02598362	Phase 4	ciprofloxacin
7	Impact of Six Patient Information Leaflets (PIL) on Doctor Patient Communication	Completed	NCT02246361	Phase 4
8	Febrile Urinary Tract Infection Randomized Short Treatment Trial	Completed	NCT00809913	Phase 4	short treatment (ciprofloxacin)
9	Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Ciprofloxacin Extended-Release (Cipro® XR) 1000 mg Tablets Given Once Daily For 7 To 14 Days In The Treatment Of Patients 18 Years Or Older With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Other Common Uropathogens	Completed	NCT00481689	Phase 4	Cipro XR (Ciprofloxacin, BAYQ3939)
10	Study of Tomography of Nephrolithiasis Evaluation	Completed	NCT01451931	Phase 4
11	Ibuprofen Versus Mecillinam for Uncomplicated Cystitis	Completed	NCT01849926	Phase 4	Ibuprofen;Mecillinam
12	Impact on the Intestinal Microbiota of Treatment With Ceftriaxone in Women's Acute Community Pyelonephritis	Recruiting	NCT03179384	Phase 4	Ceftriaxone
13	Treating Pyelonephritis an Urosepsis With Pivmecillinam	Recruiting	NCT03282006	Phase 4	pivmecillinam
14	Management of Sub-Clinical Bacteriuria in Pregnancy	Recruiting	NCT03275623	Phase 4	Antibiotic
15	Antibiotic Prophylaxis Before Shock Wave Lithotripsy	Recruiting	NCT03692715	Phase 4	Ciprofloxacin;Placebo
16	Antibiotic Prophlaxis for High-risk Laboring Women in Low Income Countries	Recruiting	NCT03248297	Phase 4	Azithromycin;Azithromycin and amoxicillin;Placebo
17	Reducing Antibiotic Use for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in General Practice by Treatment With Uva Ursi (UU)- a Comparative Effectiveness Trial	Recruiting	NCT03151603	Phase 4	Arctuvan;Fosfomycin;Placebo to Arctuvan;Placebo to Fosfomycin
18	Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Transurethral Resection or Greenlight Laser Vaporisation of the Prostate	Recruiting	NCT03633643	Phase 4	oral applications of TMP/SMX 800/160 mg (Nopil forte® tablets);oral applications of Placebo
19	The Bacteriuria in Renal Transplantation (BiRT) Study: A Trial Comparing Antibiotics Versus no Treatment in the Prevention of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Asymptomatic Bacteriuria	Recruiting	NCT01871753	Phase 4
20	Prophylaxis of Ileostomy Closure Site Hernia by Placing Mesh	Recruiting	NCT02226887	Phase 4
21	Culture-guided Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Men Undergoing Prostate Biopsy.	Not yet recruiting	NCT03228108	Phase 4	Ciprofloxacin;Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole;Fosfomycin;Pivmecillinam/augmentin
22	Intravenous Paracetamol Versus Ketoprofen When Treating Renal Colic in Emergency Situations	Suspended	NCT01685658	Phase 4	Intravenous ketoprofen;Intravenous paracetamol
23	Safety and Efficacy Study of the Treatment of Kidney Infections With Short Course Levofloxacin	Terminated	NCT00239161	Phase 4	Levofloxacin
24	Evaluation of the Non-inferiority of Cefoxitin Versus Imipenem/Cilastatin in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia Coli	Terminated	NCT02474706	Phase 4	Cefoxitin;imipenem
25	L-carnitine on the Prevention of Renal Scarring in Acute Pyelonephritis	Unknown status	NCT02007889	Phase 3	L-carnitine
26	Oral Omega-3 for Reduction of Kidney Scar Due to Pyelonephritis in Children	Unknown status	NCT02192580	Phase 3	Omega-3
27	Doripenem in the Treatment of Complicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection or Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00210990	Phase 3	doripenem
28	Doripenem in the Treatment of Complicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection or Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00229021	Phase 3	doripenum
29	Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous CXA-201 and Intravenous Levofloxacin in Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Including Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT01345929	Phase 3	CXA-201;Levofloxacin
30	A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Levofloxacin to That of Ciprofloxacin in Treating Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and Acute Pyelonephritis.	Completed	NCT00210886	Phase 3	levofloxacin
31	Study of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (MK-7625A) in Japanese Participants With Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis and Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (MK-7625A-014)	Completed	NCT02728089	Phase 3	MK-7625A 1.5 g (ceftolozane 1 g/tazobactam 0.5 g)
32	Ceftazidime-Avibactam Compared With Doripenem Followed by Oral Therapy for Hospitalized Adults With Complicated UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections)	Completed	NCT01599806	Phase 3	Ceftazidime - Avibactam ( CAZ-AVI);Doripenem;Either switch to oral therapy: 500 mg of Ciprofloxacin (oral);or switch to oral therapy: 800 mg/160 mg of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (oral)
33	Ceftazidime-Avibactam Compared With Doripenem Followed by Oral Therapy for Hospitalized Adults With Complicated UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections)	Completed	NCT01595438	Phase 3	Ceftazidime - Avibactam ( CAZ-AVI);Doripenem;Either switch to oral therapy: 500 mg of Ciprofloxacin (oral);or switch to oral therapy: 800 mg/160 mg of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (oral)
34	A Study of Plazomicin Compared With Meropenem for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) Including Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Completed	NCT02486627	Phase 3	plazomicin;meropenem;levofloxacin (oral)
35	Efficacy/Safety of Meropenem-Vaborbactam Compared to Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Adults With cUTI and AP	Completed	NCT02166476	Phase 3	Meropenem-Vaborbactam;Piperacillin-Tazobactam;Levofloxacin;Saline
36	CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone+ Sulbactam+ EDTA) Compared to Meropenem in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTIs) Caused by ESBL Producing Gram Negative Bacteria	Completed	NCT03477422	Phase 3	CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone + Sulbactam + EDTA);Meropenem
37	Safety and Efficacy of ZTI-01 (IV Fosfomycin) vs Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Treatment cUTI/AP Infections	Completed	NCT02753946	Phase 2, Phase 3	ZTI-01;Piperacillin-tazobactam
38	A Study of Plazomicin Compared With Colistin in Patients With Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)	Completed	NCT01970371	Phase 3	plazomicin;colistin;meropenem;tigecycline;antibiotic of Investigator's choice
39	Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability of Vabomere Compared to Best Available Therapy in Treating Serious Infections in Adults	Completed	NCT02168946	Phase 3	Vabomere;Best Available Therapy
40	A 28 - 90 Days Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Caspofungin Injection as Empirical Therapy in Indian Adults With Persistent Fever and Neutropenia (0991-053)(COMPLETED)	Completed	NCT00379964	Phase 3	caspofungin acetate
41	A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Ertapenem Sodium in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (0826-048)	Completed	NCT00379951	Phase 3	ertapenem sodium
42	A Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Levofloxacin Compared With Oral Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections	Completed	NCT00258089	Phase 3	Levofloxacin
43	Queen's University Investigation of Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease	Completed	NCT00687661	Phase 3	Bisphosphonate;Placebo
44	Early Antiretroviral Treatment and/or Early Isoniazid Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Adults (ANRS 12136 TEMPRANO)	Completed	NCT00495651	Phase 3	Antiretroviral medications;Antiretroviral medications+Isoniazid prophylaxis;Antiretroviral medications;Antiretroviral medications+Isoniazid prophylaxis
45	Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (SPR994) Compared to Intravenous Ertapenem in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Recruiting	NCT03788967	Phase 3	Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (TBPM-PI-HBr);Ertapenem
46	Safety and Efficacy Study of Cefepime-AAI101 in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections	Recruiting	NCT03687255	Phase 3	cefepime/AAI101 combination;Piperacillin/tazobactam
47	Evaluation of the Efficiency of Autologous Adipocytes Graft in Endoscopic Treatment in Vesico-Renal Reflux in Children	Recruiting	NCT00367159	Phase 3
48	Temocillin Versus a Carbapenem as Initial Intravenous Treatment for ESBL Related Urinary Tract Infections	Recruiting	NCT03543436	Phase 3	Temocillin;meropenem or imipenem
49	Study of Cefepime-tazobactam (FEP-TAZ) in Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Not yet recruiting	NCT03630081	Phase 3	FEP-TAZ 4 g;Meropenem;ciprofloxacin 500 mg Optional Oral Switch
50	Safety and Efficacy Study of Cefepime/VNRX-5133 in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections	Not yet recruiting	NCT03840148	Phase 3	Cefepime/VNRX-5133;Meropenem

Search NIH Clinical Center for Pyelonephritis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: pyelonephritis

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Genetic Tests for Pyelonephritis

Genetic tests related to Pyelonephritis:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Pyelonephritis ³⁰

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Anatomical Context for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Pyelonephritis:

⁴²

Kidney, Prostate, Testes, Heart, Neutrophil, Bone, Colon

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Publications for Pyelonephritis

Articles related to Pyelonephritis:

(show top 50) (show all 3260)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Remarkable improvement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following acute pyelonephritis with bacteremia. ( 30612916 )	Amano E...Yokota T	2019
2	Oral sitafloxacin vs intravenous ceftriaxone followed by oral cefdinir for acute pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infection: a randomized controlled trial. ( 30662274 )	Lojanapiwat B...Lertsupphakul B	2019
3	Host and microbial factors in kidney transplant recipients with Escherichia coli acute pyelonephritis or asymptomatic bacteriuria: a prospective study using whole-genome sequencing. ( 30304506 )	Coussement J...Denis O	2019
4	Adrenal crisis presented as acute onset of hypercalcemia and hyponatremia triggered by acute pyelonephritis in a patient with partial hypopituitarism and pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease. ( 30456557 )	Yamada S...Kitazono T	2019
5	Blood culture for complicated acute pyelonephritis with ureteral stone: are they unnecessary? ( 30182772 )	Yoo KH...Lee HL	2019
6	Comparison of Tc-99m DMSA Renal Planar Scan and SPECT for Detection of Cortical Defects in Infants with Suspected Acute Pyelonephritis. ( 31098932 )	Kim GE...Kim HW	2019
7	Perinephric Fat Stranding on Postmortem Computed Tomography Scan in Acute Pyelonephritis: A Case Report. ( 31094715 )	Garland J...Tse R	2019
8	Acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess due to ureteral stone. ( 31070143 )	Otaola Arca H...P?ez Borda ?	2019
9	Incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury associated with acute pyelonephritis in patients attending a tertiary care referral center. ( 30942133 )	Jeon DH...Park DJ	2019
10	Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy does not adversely affect the clinical outcomes of patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriales. ( 30868326 )	Kim SH...Peck KR	2019
11	Fosfomycin for injection (ZTI-01) vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam (PIP-TAZ) for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) Including Acute Pyelonephritis (AP): ZEUS, A Phase 2/3 Randomized Trial. ( 30861061 )	Kaye KS...Ellis-Grosse EJ	2019
12	Serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase in acute pyelonephritis. ( 30841691 )	Han C...Park MJ	2019
13	Quick Sequential (Sepsis Related) Organ Failure Assessment: A high performance rapid prognostication tool in patients having acute pyelonephritis with upper urinary tract calculi. ( 30838345 )	Pandey S...Pandey T	2019
14	Urinary excretion of pentraxin-3 correlates with the presence of renal scar following acute pyelonephritis in children. ( 30796728 )	Becerir T...Enli Y	2019
15	The Use of Mobile Educational Tools to Improve Antimicrobial Prescription for the Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study. ( 30786306 )	Antonello VS...Jimenez MF	2019
16	Imaging in Acute Pyelonephritis: Utilization, Findings, and Effect on Management. ( 30708379 )	Pierce C...Albert RK	2019
17	Vitamin A supplementation is effective for improving the clinical symptoms of urinary tract infections and reducing renal scarring in girls with acute pyelonephritis: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, clinical trial study. ( 30670279 )	Kahbazi M...Mohammadbeigi A	2019
18	Polyarteritis nodosa presenting atypically as appendicitis and pyelonephritis in a single patient. ( 30709887 )	Corbitt M...Nigam S	2019
19	Host and Bacterial Markers that Differ in Children with Cystitis and Pyelonephritis. ( 30905425 )	Shaikh N...Shope TR	2019
20	Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. ( 31030820 )	Kolman KB	2019
21	Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in uropathogenic Escherichiacoli strains isolated from cystitis and pyelonephritis ( 30761847 )	Ghazvini H...Mirkalantari S	2019
22	Pyelonephritis in persons after age 50 as a clinical marker of urogenital cancer. ( 29654872 )	S?gaard KK...S?rensen HT	2019
23	Could platelet to leucocytic count ratio (PLR) predict sepsis and clinical outcomes in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis? ( 31103341 )	Elbaset MA...Ibrahim MA	2019
24	Efficacy of Human Exposures of Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) Against Escherichia coli in a Rat Pyelonephritis Model. ( 31061153 )	Hoover JL...Rittenhouse S	2019
25	Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis: Synchronous Upper and Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed. ( 31043090 )	Mirza MU...Moustafa MA	2019
26	Postpartum xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A case report. ( 31032181 )	El-Asmar JM...Degheili JA	2019
27	Pyelonephritis: A Historical Reappraisal. ( 31028101 )	Anumudu S...Eknoyan G	2019
28	Antibiotic selection and isolate susceptibility profile in patients who failed ciprofloxacin or TMP-SMX for pyelonephritis. ( 31023585 )	Truong WR...Yamaki J	2019
29	Clinicopathological Spectrum of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. ( 30983751 )	Kundu R...Punia RS	2019
30	Effect of Kidney Volume on the Results of Nephrectomy Performed for Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. ( 30967976 )	Kisa E...Ilbey YO	2019
31	Lack of P2X7 receptors protects against renal fibrosis after pyelonephritis with α-hemolysin producing Escherichia coli. ( 30926332 )	Therkildsen JR...Praetorius HA	2019
32	Cefmetazole for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Pediatric Pyelonephritis. ( 30908807 )	Araki K...Horikoshi Y	2019
33	The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteric reflux and pyelonephritis. ( 30847554 )	Murugapoopathy V...Gupta IR	2019
34	Bilateral acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis presenting as acute kidney injury requiring haemodialysis. ( 30796082 )	Guvvala SL...Uday K	2019
35	Concealed diagnosis of duodenal perforation in a patient with emphysematous pyelonephritis: the dilemma of air in the right perirenal space. ( 30765455 )	Mehdi S...Pandey S	2019
36	Efficacy of intravesical targeting of novel quorum sensing inhibitor nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-associated murine pyelonephritis. ( 30741037 )	Vadekeetil A...Harjai K	2019
37	Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Following Ureterovesical Reimplantation for Congenital Obstructive Megaureter. Pediatric Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( 30733936 )	Girgenti V...Calcaterra V	2019
38	Temocillin breakpoints in pyelonephritis: evaluation in a murine model due to ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates. ( 30689887 )	Alexandre K...Etienne M	2019
39	The use of initial dosing of gentamicin in the management of pyelonephritis/urosepsis: A retrospective study. ( 30673763 )	Ryanto S...Sunderland B	2019
40	Neutrophil:Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictive Factor for Success of Nephron-Sparing Procedures in Patients with Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. ( 30624199 )	Punatar C...Sagade S	2019
41	Re: The Clinical Impact of Bacteremia on Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Pyelonephritis or Urinary Sepsis: A Prospective Multicenter Study. ( 30577334 )	Griebling TL	2019
42	Ureaplasma urealyticum pyelonephritis presenting with progressive dysuria, renal failure, and neurologic symptoms in an immunocompromised patient. ( 30472777 )	Schwartz DJ...Rosen DA	2019
43	A case of bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis caused by Candida albicans. ( 30448360 )	Ideguchi S...Mukae H	2019
44	The efficacy and safety of tazobactam/ceftolozane in Japanese patients with uncomplicated pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infection. ( 30420153 )	Arakawa S...Aoyama N	2019
45	Emphysematous pyelonephritis in renal allograft related to antibody-mediated rejection: A case report and literature review. ( 30414224 )	Takahashi K...Denny JE	2019
46	Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction Underlying Pyelonephritis in an Adult. ( 30210133 )	Watanabe T...Noguchi Y	2019
47	Factors associated with the recurrence of acute pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli: the importance of infectious disease consultation. ( 30642718 )	Kim SH...Peck KR	2018
48	Acute Pyelonephritis: A Single-center Experience. ( 30647500 )	Umesha L...Niranjan MR	2018
49	Antinatriuretic phenomena seen in children with acute pyelonephritis may be related to the activation of intrarenal RAAS. ( 30200111 )	Lee JH...Rhie S	2018
50	Clinical Usefulness of Unenhanced Computed Tomography in Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis. ( 30224907 )	Lee A...Kim S	2018

Sources

Genes for Pyelonephritis

Genes related to Pyelonephritis (0 elite genes):

(show all 15)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	TLR4	Toll Like Receptor 4	Protein Coding	25.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11260138 11801667
2	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	24.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CXCR1	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1	Protein Coding	23.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	22.89	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	22.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	NAGLU	N-Acetyl-Alpha-Glucosaminidase	Protein Coding	22.73	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19367005 2371096 9064498 (more) 8036046 2063674
7	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	21.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	UMOD	Uromodulin	Protein Coding	21.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁶	15816991 15989109
10	CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	21.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	20.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	CXCR2	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2	Protein Coding	20.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	20.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	PGF	Placental Growth Factor	Protein Coding	20.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	IL10	Interleukin 10	Protein Coding	20.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Pyelonephritis

Sources

Expression for Pyelonephritis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Pyelonephritis.

Sources

Pathways for Pyelonephritis

Pathways related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 67)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁷ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁷	14.01	CCL2 CRP CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
2	ERK Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶⁵ MAPK Signaling ⁶⁵ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶⁵ Rho Family GTPases ⁶⁵	13.84	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10 IL1B
3	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁵ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁸ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁵ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁵ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁵ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁵ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁵ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁵ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁵ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁵	13.68	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10 IL1B
4	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶⁵ JNK Pathway ⁶⁵ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶⁵ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶⁵ SOCS Pathway ⁶⁵	13.51	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 PGF
5	Akt Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁵ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁵	13.37	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10 IL1B
6	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁷	13.33	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
7	PAK Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁵ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁵	13.3	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10 IL1B
8	Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway ¹ ³⁸ Show member pathways Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) ³⁸ Hepatitis B ³⁸ Hepatitis C ³⁸ NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶ Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway ¹	13.1	ACE CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
9	Human cytomegalovirus infection ³⁸ Show member pathways Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection ³⁸ Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection ³⁸	12.99	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR2 IL1B IL6 TLR4
10	Allograft rejection ³⁸ ¹ Show member pathways Antigen processing and presentation ³⁸ Asthma ³⁸ Autoimmune thyroid disease ³⁸ CTL Mediated Apoptosis ⁶⁵ Graft-versus-host disease ³⁸ Intestinal immune network for IgA production ³⁸ THC Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁵ Type I diabetes mellitus ³⁸ Viral myocarditis ³⁸	12.86	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
11	RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway ³⁸ Immune response TLR3 and TLR4 induce TICAM1-specific signaling pathway ²³ Negative regulators of RIG-I/MDA5 signaling ⁶⁷ NF-kB activation through FADD/RIP-1 pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -10 ⁶⁷ RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling ¹ RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway ³⁸ TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway ⁶⁷ TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation ⁶⁷ Virus Detection and Induction of Antiviral Signaling Pathways by RIG-I-like Receptors (RLR) ⁶⁶	12.78	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
12	NF-KappaB Family Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways NF-KappaB (p50-p65) Pathway ⁶⁵	12.73	IL1B IL6 PGF TLR4 TNF
13	Th17 cell differentiation ³⁸ Show member pathways IL-22 Pathway ⁶⁵ Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway ²³ Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ³⁸ Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation ³⁸	12.64	IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
14	Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling ¹ Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling ⁶⁵ Development Angiopoietin - Tie2 signaling ²³ Development PDGF signaling via STATs and NF-kB ²³ IL23-mediated signaling events ¹ Immune response IL-10 signaling pathway ²³ Rac1/Pak1/p38/MMP-2 pathway ¹	12.63	CCL2 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
15	T cell receptor signaling pathway ³⁸ Show member pathways PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer ³⁸ T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) Signaling Pathway ¹ T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) pathway during Staphylococcus aureus infection ¹	12.56	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
16	NF-kappaB Signaling ⁴	12.55	CCL2 IL10 IL1B TNF
17	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ¹ IL-17 signaling pathway ³⁸ Interleukin-17 signaling ⁶⁷ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²³	12.39	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
18	Toll Comparative Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL-1 Pathway ⁶⁵ Immune response MIF in innate immunity response ²³ iNOS Signaling ⁶⁵ TLR-TRIF Pathway ⁶⁵	12.36	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
19	Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ Show member pathways Folate Metabolism ¹ Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH ⁶⁷ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.36	ALB CCL2 CRP IL1B IL6 TNF
20	Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Diseases of Immune System ⁶⁷ Interleukin-1 Induced Activation of NF-kappa-B ¹ IRAK1 recruits IKK complex ⁶⁷ IRAK1 recruits IKK complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation ⁶⁷ IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4) ⁶⁷ IRAK4 deficiency (TLR5) ⁶⁷ MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4) ⁶⁷ MyD88 deficiency (TLR5) ⁶⁷ Simplified Depiction of MYD88 Distinct Input-Output Pathway ¹ TLR4 Signaling and Tolerance ¹ Toll-like Receptor Signaling ¹	12.3	CXCL8 IL6 TLR4 TNF
21	Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways Cytokine Network ⁶⁵ Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁷ Regulation of IFNA signaling ⁶⁷	12.3	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 PGF TNF
22	Toxoplasmosis ³⁸ Show member pathways Leishmaniasis ³⁸	12.29	IL10 IL1B TLR4 TNF
23	Tuberculosis ³⁸	12.29	IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
24	G-protein signaling Regulation of p38 and JNK signaling mediated by G-proteins ²³ Show member pathways G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-12 signaling pathway ²³	12.26	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL1B TLR4
25	IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway ²³ Mucin expression in CF via TLRs, EGFR signaling pathways ²³	12.25	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
26	C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway ³⁸ Show member pathways Pathogen or Damage-activated C-Type Lectin Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶	12.24	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
27	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²³ Show member pathways IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²³ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²³ Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²³	12.24	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
28	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways ¹	12.23	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
29	Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways IFN-gamma pathway ¹	12.12	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 PGF
30	Th1 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁶ Show member pathways IL27-mediated signaling events ¹ Th17 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁶	12.11	IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
31	Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Overview ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Activation ⁶⁶	12.08	IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
32	Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁷	12.04	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
33	TNF signaling pathway ³⁸	12.01	CCL2 IL1B IL6 TNF
34	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	11.99	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
35	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁶	11.98	IL10 IL6 TNF
36	NF-kappa B signaling pathway ³⁸	11.97	CXCL8 IL1B TLR4 TNF
37	AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications ³⁸	11.97	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
38	Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer ¹	11.94	CXCL8 IL1B IL6
39	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁷	11.94	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
40	Salmonella infection (KEGG) ³⁸	11.9	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4
41	Hematopoietic cell lineage ³⁸	11.89	IL1B IL6 TNF
42	Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF (Mouse model) ²³ Show member pathways Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF ²³	11.87	CXCL8 IL6 TLR4
43	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁶	11.82	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
44	Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways ⁶⁶	11.8	IL10 IL1B TNF
45	Amoebiasis ³⁸	11.78	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
46	Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization ⁶⁶	11.76	CCL2 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
47	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ¹ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²³	11.74	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
48	Rheumatoid arthritis ³⁸	11.69	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
49	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.67	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
50	Hepatitis C and Hepatocellular Carcinoma ¹	11.6	CXCL8 CXCR1 IL6

Sources

GO Terms for Pyelonephritis

Cellular components related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.65	ACE ALB CCL2 CRP CXCL8 IL10
2	external side of plasma membrane	GO:0009897	9.55	ACE CXCR1 CXCR2 TLR4 TNF
3	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.36	ACE ALB CCL2 CRP CXCL8 IL10

Biological processes related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 65)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	9.94	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
2	positive regulation of angiogenesis	GO:0045766	9.92	CXCL8 CXCR2 IL1B PGF
3	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	GO:0051092	9.91	IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
4	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.91	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
5	activation of MAPK activity	GO:0000187	9.9	IL1B TLR4 TNF
6	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	GO:0050830	9.89	CRP IL6 TNF
7	calcium-mediated signaling	GO:0019722	9.88	CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
8	cell chemotaxis	GO:0060326	9.88	CCL2 CXCR1 CXCR2
9	positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0051091	9.88	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
10	positive regulation of JNK cascade	GO:0046330	9.87	IL1B TLR4 TNF
11	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.87	CCL2 TLR4 TNF
12	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.87	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 PGF
13	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	GO:0071407	9.86	CCL2 IL1B TNF
14	humoral immune response	GO:0006959	9.85	CCL2 IL6 TNF
15	positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	GO:1901224	9.84	IL1B TLR4 TNF
16	positive regulation of interferon-gamma production	GO:0032729	9.82	IL1B TLR4 TNF
17	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	GO:0045429	9.82	IL1B TLR4 TNF
18	receptor internalization	GO:0031623	9.81	CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
19	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.81	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
20	protein kinase B signaling	GO:0043491	9.8	CCL2 IL1B TNF
21	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032755	9.78	IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
22	negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032715	9.77	IL10 TLR4 TNF
23	positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	GO:0032757	9.76	IL1B TLR4 TNF
24	embryonic digestive tract development	GO:0048566	9.74	CXCL8 TNF
25	negative regulation of neurogenesis	GO:0050768	9.74	IL1B IL6 TNF
26	dendritic cell chemotaxis	GO:0002407	9.73	CXCR1 CXCR2
27	negative regulation of lipid catabolic process	GO:0050995	9.73	IL1B TNF
28	positive regulation of macrophage activation	GO:0043032	9.73	IL10 TLR4
29	regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling	GO:0043122	9.73	IL1B TNF
30	positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	GO:0051044	9.73	IL1B TNF
31	negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host	GO:0044130	9.72	IL10 TNF
32	induction of positive chemotaxis	GO:0050930	9.72	CXCL8 PGF
33	positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process	GO:0051770	9.72	CCL2 TLR4
34	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	9.72	IL6 TLR4 TNF
35	PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	GO:0036499	9.71	CCL2 CXCL8
36	response to molecule of bacterial origin	GO:0002237	9.71	CXCL8 IL10
37	neutrophil activation	GO:0042119	9.71	CXCL8 CXCR2
38	positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002690	9.71	CXCR2 IL6
39	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	9.71	IL1B IL6 TNF
40	positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process	GO:0045416	9.7	TLR4 TNF
41	positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	GO:0034116	9.7	IL10 IL1B TNF
42	cellular response to lipopolysaccharide	GO:0071222	9.7	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4
43	endothelial cell apoptotic process	GO:0072577	9.69	IL10 TNF
44	neutrophil mediated immunity	GO:0002446	9.69	ACE IL6
45	positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process	GO:0045080	9.69	IL1B TNF
46	positive regulation of MHC class II biosynthetic process	GO:0045348	9.68	IL10 TLR4
47	regulation of establishment of endothelial barrier	GO:1903140	9.68	IL1B TNF
48	negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response	GO:0002740	9.68	IL10 TNF
49	positive regulation of fever generation	GO:0031622	9.67	IL1B TNF
50	response to glucocorticoid	GO:0051384	9.67	IL10 IL6 TNF

Molecular functions related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	C-X-C chemokine receptor activity	GO:0016494	9.26	CXCR1 CXCR2
2	interleukin-8 binding	GO:0019959	9.16	CXCR1 CXCR2
3	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.1	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
4	interleukin-8 receptor activity	GO:0004918	8.96	CXCR1 CXCR2

Sources

Sources for Pyelonephritis

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⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

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⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia