Pyelonephritis disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: PYL005 MIFTS: 57	Pyelonephritis Categories: Nephrological diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards integrated aliases for Pyelonephritis:

Name: Pyelonephritis ¹² ⁷⁷ ³⁰ ⁵⁶ ⁴⁵ ¹⁵ ¹⁷ ⁷⁴

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Nephrological diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³⁴

Diseases of the genitourinary system

Renal tubulo-interstitial diseases

Renal tubulo-interstitial disorders in diseases classified elsewhere

Tubulo-interstitial nephritis, not specified as acute or chronic

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:11400

ICD9CM ³⁶ 590.80

MeSH ⁴⁵ D011704

NCIt ⁵¹ C34965

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁹ 45816000

ICD10 ³⁴ N10-N16 N12 N16

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001141

UMLS ⁷⁴ C0034186

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Summaries for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards based summary : Pyelonephritis is related to pyelitis and acute cystitis. An important gene associated with Pyelonephritis is TLR4 (Toll Like Receptor 4), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and ERK Signaling. The drugs leucovorin and Nitrofurantoin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include kidney, testes and prostate, and related phenotypes are Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor) and Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)

Wikipedia : ⁷⁷ Pyelonephritis is inflammation of the kidney, typically due to a bacterial infection. Symptoms most... more...

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Related Diseases for Pyelonephritis

Diseases in the Pyelonephritis family:

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Acute Pyelonephritis

Diseases related to Pyelonephritis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 547)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pyelitis	32.2	CRP CXCL8 CXCR1 IL6 TLR4
2	acute cystitis	32.2	ALB CCL2 CRP CXCL8 IL6
3	acute pyelonephritis	32.1	ALB CRP CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
4	cystitis	31.5	CCL2 CRP CXCL8 IL6 TLR4 TNF
5	hydronephrosis	31.0	ALB CCL2 NAGLU
6	fasciitis	30.6	CXCL8 IL6 TNF
7	pyuria	30.5	ALB CRP CXCL8
8	septic arthritis	30.3	CRP CXCL8 TLR4
9	spinal cord injury	30.2	CXCL8 IL6 TNF
10	haemophilus influenzae	30.2	CXCL8 IL1B TNF
11	interstitial nephritis	30.1	ACE ALB CRP UMOD
12	infective endocarditis	30.0	CRP IL6 TNF
13	purpura	30.0	CRP IL6 TNF
14	spondylitis	30.0	CRP IL6 TNF
15	acute kidney tubular necrosis	30.0	ALB NAGLU UMOD
16	endometriosis	29.9	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6
17	bacteriuria	29.9	CCL2 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL6 TLR4
18	cerebral palsy	29.9	IL1B IL6 TNF
19	salmonellosis	29.8	ALB IL1B TLR4
20	interstitial cystitis	29.8	CXCL8 IL6 UMOD
21	diabetes mellitus	29.8	ACE ALB CRP IL1B IL6 TNF
22	acute pancreatitis	29.8	CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL6
23	posterior urethral valves	29.7	ACE IL6 TNF
24	urinary tract obstruction	29.7	ALB CCL2 NAGLU UMOD
25	prostatitis	29.7	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
26	eclampsia	29.7	ALB PGF TNF
27	aspergillosis	29.6	IL10 TLR4 TNF
28	endocarditis	29.6	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL6 TNF
29	encephalitis	29.5	CCL2 CCL5 IL1B
30	osteomyelitis	29.5	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
31	respiratory failure	29.4	ACE ALB CRP CXCL8 TNF
32	obstructive jaundice	29.4	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
33	kidney disease	29.4	ACE ALB CCL2 CRP IL6 NAGLU
34	adult respiratory distress syndrome	29.4	ACE CXCL8 IL10 IL6 TNF
35	chronic kidney failure	29.3	ACE ALB CRP IL6 UMOD
36	colitis	29.3	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
37	end stage renal failure	29.3	ACE ALB CRP IL6 TNF UMOD
38	bronchitis	29.2	ALB CRP CXCL8 TNF
39	melioidosis	29.2	IL10 IL6 TLR4 TNF
40	arthritis	29.2	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
41	iga glomerulonephritis	29.2	ACE ALB CCL2 IL6 NAGLU
42	cholangitis	29.2	ALB CRP IL6 TNF
43	myeloma, multiple	29.1	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
44	appendicitis	29.0	ALB CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
45	brucellosis	28.9	CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL6 TLR4 TNF
46	meningitis	28.9	ALB CCL2 CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL1B
47	kawasaki disease	28.8	ALB CCL2 CRP IL10 IL6 TNF
48	arteriosclerosis	28.7	ACE CCL2 CRP IL10 IL6 TLR4
49	chlamydia	28.6	CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4
50	ulcerative colitis	28.6	CRP CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4

Comorbidity relations with Pyelonephritis via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 22)

Active Peptic Ulcer Disease	Acute Cystitis
Acute Kidney Failure	Alzheimer Disease
Chronic Kidney Failure	Chronic Myocardial Ischemia
Cystitis	Decubitus Ulcer
Deficiency Anemia	Esophagitis
Heart Disease	Hydronephrosis
Hypertension, Essential	Hypothyroidism
Iron Deficiency Anemia	Kidney Disease
Nephrolithiasis, X-Linked Recessive, with Renal Failure	Osteoporosis
Paralytic Ileus	Protein-Energy Malnutrition
Schizophreniform Disorder	Ureterolithiasis

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Pyelonephritis:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Pyelonephritis

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁷

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-1	9.4	ACE CXCL8 IL10 IL1B TNF UMOD
2	Synthetic lethal with MLN4924 (a NAE inhibitor)	GR00250-A-2	9.4	ACE CXCL8 IL10 IL1B TNF UMOD

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Pyelonephritis:

⁴⁷ (show all 11)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	immune system	MP:0005387	10.21	ACE CCL2 CCL5 CRP CXCR1 CXCR2
2	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.18	ACE CRP CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.16	ACE CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6 NAGLU
4	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.14	ACE ALB CRP CXCR2 IL10 IL1B
5	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.13	ACE CCL5 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10 IL1B
6	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	9.97	ACE IL6 PGF TLR4 TNF UMOD
7	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	9.92	ACE ALB CXCR2 IL10 IL6 NAGLU
8	neoplasm	MP:0002006	9.91	ACE ALB CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6
9	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	9.7	ACE ALB CXCR2 IL6 NAGLU TLR4
10	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.56	CXCR2 IL10 IL1B IL6 NAGLU TLR4
11	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.17	CXCR2 IL10 IL6 NAGLU PGF TLR4

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Pyelonephritis

Drugs for Pyelonephritis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 178)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

leucovorin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

58-05-9

6006 143

Nitrofurantoin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

67-20-9

5353830

Trimethoprim

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

738-70-5

5578

Sulfamethoxazole

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

723-46-6

5329

Amoxicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

26787-78-0

33613

Cephalexin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

15686-71-2

27447

Cefuroxime

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

55268-75-2

5361202 5479529

Clavulanate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

58001-44-8

5280980

Cefixime

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 1

79350-37-1

5362065 54362

Ceftriaxone

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

73384-59-5

5479530 5361919

Ofloxacin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

82419-36-1

4583

Levofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

100986-85-4

149096

Ciprofloxacin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

85721-33-1

2764

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 4

15687-27-1

3672

Fosfomycin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1

23155-02-4

446987

Cilastatin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2

82009-34-5

6435415 5280454

Imipenem

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

74431-23-5, 64221-86-9

104838

Azithromycin

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

83905-01-5

55185 447043

Metronidazole

Approved

Phase 4

443-48-1

4173

Acetaminophen

Approved

Phase 4

103-90-2

1983

Ketoprofen

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

22071-15-4

3825

Cefoxitin

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

35607-66-0

441199

Cefotaxime

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

63527-52-6

456256 5742673

Folic Acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

59-30-3

6037

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antitubercular Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents, Urinary

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Fluoroquinolones

Phase 4,Phase 2

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 2

Topoisomerase Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Renal Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Antiprotozoal Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Folic Acid Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Vitamin B9

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Folate

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Antimalarials

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Vitamin B Complex

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Analgesics

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2

cefuroxime axetil

Phase 4,Not Applicable

beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 132)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Efficacy and Safety Study of Short-term Antibiotic for Pyelonephritis in Women	Completed	NCT01390623	Phase 4	Ceftriaxone
2	Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis With Gram Negative Strains in Infants and Children Less Than 3 Years Old	Completed	NCT00136656	Phase 4	antibiotic;antibiotics
3	Treatment's Duration of Acute Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00873626	Phase 4	levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin (fluoroquinolones)
4	A Randomized Controlled Trial on Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children With Vesico-Ureteral Reflux	Completed	NCT00382343	Phase 4	Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
5	Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in Pediatric Patients	Completed	NCT02598362	Phase 4	ciprofloxacin
6	Impact of Six Patient Information Leaflets (PIL) on Doctor Patient Communication	Completed	NCT02246361	Phase 4
7	Febrile Urinary Tract Infection Randomized Short Treatment Trial	Completed	NCT00809913	Phase 4	short treatment (ciprofloxacin)
8	Study To Evaluate The Efficacy And Safety Of Ciprofloxacin Extended-Release (Cipro® XR) 1000 mg Tablets Given Once Daily For 7 To 14 Days In The Treatment Of Patients 18 Years Or Older With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused By Pseudomonas Aeruginosa And Other Common Uropathogens	Completed	NCT00481689	Phase 4	Cipro XR (Ciprofloxacin, BAYQ3939)
9	Study of Tomography of Nephrolithiasis Evaluation	Completed	NCT01451931	Phase 4
10	Ibuprofen Versus Mecillinam for Uncomplicated Cystitis	Completed	NCT01849926	Phase 4	Ibuprofen;Mecillinam
11	Impact on the Intestinal Microbiota of Treatment With Ceftriaxone in Women's Acute Community Pyelonephritis	Recruiting	NCT03179384	Phase 4	Ceftriaxone
12	Treating Pyelonephritis an Urosepsis With Pivmecillinam	Recruiting	NCT03282006	Phase 4	pivmecillinam
13	Management of Sub-Clinical Bacteriuria in Pregnancy	Recruiting	NCT03275623	Phase 4	Antibiotic
14	Antibiotic Prophylaxis Before Shock Wave Lithotripsy	Recruiting	NCT03692715	Phase 4	Ciprofloxacin;Placebo
15	Antibiotic Prophlaxis for High-risk Laboring Women in Low Income Countries	Recruiting	NCT03248297	Phase 4	Azithromycin;Azithromycin and amoxicillin;Placebo
16	Reducing Antibiotic Use for Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection in General Practice by Treatment With Uva Ursi (UU)- a Comparative Effectiveness Trial	Recruiting	NCT03151603	Phase 4	Arctuvan;Fosfomycin;Placebo to Arctuvan;Placebo to Fosfomycin
17	Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis in Transurethral Resection or Greenlight Laser Vaporisation of the Prostate	Recruiting	NCT03633643	Phase 4	oral applications of TMP/SMX 800/160 mg (Nopil forte® tablets);oral applications of Placebo
18	The Bacteriuria in Renal Transplantation (BiRT) Study: A Trial Comparing Antibiotics Versus no Treatment in the Prevention of Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients With Asymptomatic Bacteriuria	Recruiting	NCT01871753	Phase 4
19	Prophylaxis of Ileostomy Closure Site Hernia by Placing Mesh	Recruiting	NCT02226887	Phase 4
20	Parenteral Antibiotics Compared to Combination of Oral and Parenteral Antibiotics in Colorectal Surgery Prophylaxis	Recruiting	NCT02505581	Phase 4	Extra dosage - cefuroxime (750mg) I.V;Cefuroxime 750mg oral;Metronidazole 250mg oral;Metronidazole 1,5gr Intravenous;Cefuroxime 1g Intravenous
21	Culture-guided Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Men Undergoing Prostate Biopsy.	Not yet recruiting	NCT03228108	Phase 4	Ciprofloxacin;Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole;Fosfomycin;Pivmecillinam/augmentin
22	Intravenous Paracetamol Versus Ketoprofen When Treating Renal Colic in Emergency Situations	Suspended	NCT01685658	Phase 4	Intravenous ketoprofen;Intravenous paracetamol
23	Safety and Efficacy Study of the Treatment of Kidney Infections With Short Course Levofloxacin	Terminated	NCT00239161	Phase 4	Levofloxacin
24	Evaluation of the Non-inferiority of Cefoxitin Versus Imipenem/Cilastatin in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections Caused by ESBL-producing Escherichia Coli	Terminated	NCT02474706	Phase 4	Cefoxitin;imipenem
25	L-carnitine on the Prevention of Renal Scarring in Acute Pyelonephritis	Unknown status	NCT02007889	Phase 3	L-carnitine
26	Oral Omega-3 for Reduction of Kidney Scar Due to Pyelonephritis in Children	Unknown status	NCT02192580	Phase 3	Omega-3
27	Doripenem in the Treatment of Complicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection or Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00210990	Phase 3	doripenem
28	Doripenem in the Treatment of Complicated Lower Urinary Tract Infection or Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT00229021	Phase 3	doripenum
29	Study Comparing the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous CXA-201 and Intravenous Levofloxacin in Complicated Urinary Tract Infection, Including Pyelonephritis	Completed	NCT01345929	Phase 3	CXA-201;Levofloxacin
30	A Comparison of the Effectiveness and Safety of Levofloxacin to That of Ciprofloxacin in Treating Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and Acute Pyelonephritis.	Completed	NCT00210886	Phase 3	levofloxacin
31	Study of Ceftolozane/Tazobactam (MK-7625A) in Japanese Participants With Uncomplicated Pyelonephritis and Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (MK-7625A-014)	Completed	NCT02728089	Phase 3	MK-7625A 1.5 g (ceftolozane 1 g/tazobactam 0.5 g)
32	Ceftazidime-Avibactam Compared With Doripenem Followed by Oral Therapy for Hospitalized Adults With Complicated UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections)	Completed	NCT01599806	Phase 3	Ceftazidime - Avibactam ( CAZ-AVI);Doripenem;Either switch to oral therapy: 500 mg of Ciprofloxacin (oral);or switch to oral therapy: 800 mg/160 mg of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (oral)
33	Ceftazidime-Avibactam Compared With Doripenem Followed by Oral Therapy for Hospitalized Adults With Complicated UTIs (Urinary Tract Infections)	Completed	NCT01595438	Phase 3	Ceftazidime - Avibactam ( CAZ-AVI);Doripenem;Either switch to oral therapy: 500 mg of Ciprofloxacin (oral);or switch to oral therapy: 800 mg/160 mg of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (oral)
34	A Study of Plazomicin Compared With Meropenem for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) Including Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Completed	NCT02486627	Phase 3	plazomicin;meropenem;levofloxacin (oral)
35	Efficacy/Safety of Meropenem-Vaborbactam Compared to Piperacillin-Tazobactam in Adults With cUTI and AP	Completed	NCT02166476	Phase 3	Meropenem-Vaborbactam;Piperacillin-Tazobactam;Levofloxacin;Saline
36	CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone+ Sulbactam+ EDTA) Compared to Meropenem in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (cUTIs) Caused by ESBL Producing Gram Negative Bacteria	Completed	NCT03477422	Phase 3	CSE-1034 (Ceftriaxone + Sulbactam + EDTA);Meropenem
37	Safety and Efficacy of ZTI-01 (IV Fosfomycin) vs Piperacillin/Tazobactam for Treatment cUTI/AP Infections	Completed	NCT02753946	Phase 2, Phase 3	ZTI-01;Piperacillin-tazobactam
38	A Study of Plazomicin Compared With Colistin in Patients With Infection Due to Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE)	Completed	NCT01970371	Phase 3	plazomicin;colistin;meropenem;tigecycline;antibiotic of Investigator's choice
39	Efficacy, Safety, Tolerability of Vabomere Compared to Best Available Therapy in Treating Serious Infections in Adults	Completed	NCT02168946	Phase 3	Vabomere;Best Available Therapy
40	A 28 - 90 Days Study to Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Caspofungin Injection as Empirical Therapy in Indian Adults With Persistent Fever and Neutropenia (0991-053)(COMPLETED)	Completed	NCT00379964	Phase 3	caspofungin acetate
41	A Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Ertapenem Sodium in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (0826-048)	Completed	NCT00379951	Phase 3	ertapenem sodium
42	A Study of the Safety and Effectiveness of Oral Levofloxacin Compared With Oral Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections	Completed	NCT00258089	Phase 3	Levofloxacin
43	Queen's University Investigation of Calcification in Chronic Kidney Disease	Completed	NCT00687661	Phase 3	Bisphosphonate;Placebo
44	Early Antiretroviral Treatment and/or Early Isoniazid Prophylaxis Against Tuberculosis in HIV-infected Adults (ANRS 12136 TEMPRANO)	Completed	NCT00495651	Phase 3	Antiretroviral medications;Antiretroviral medications+Isoniazid prophylaxis;Antiretroviral medications;Antiretroviral medications+Isoniazid prophylaxis
45	Safety and Efficacy Study of Cefepime-AAI101 in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections	Recruiting	NCT03687255	Phase 3	cefepime/AAI101 combination;Piperacillin/tazobactam
46	Evaluation of the Efficiency of Autologous Adipocytes Graft in Endoscopic Treatment in Vesico-Renal Reflux in Children	Recruiting	NCT00367159	Phase 3
47	Temocillin Versus a Carbapenem as Initial Intravenous Treatment for ESBL Related Urinary Tract Infections	Recruiting	NCT03543436	Phase 3	Temocillin;meropenem or imipenem
48	Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (SPR994) Compared to Intravenous Ertapenem in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Not yet recruiting	NCT03788967	Phase 3	Tebipenem Pivoxil Hydrobromide (TBPM-PI-HBr);Ertapenem
49	Study of Cefepime-tazobactam (FEP-TAZ) in Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) or Acute Pyelonephritis (AP)	Not yet recruiting	NCT03630081	Phase 3	FEP-TAZ 4 g;Meropenem;ciprofloxacin 500 mg Optional Oral Switch
50	Safety and Efficacy Study of Cefepime/VNRX-5133 in Patients With Complicated Urinary Tract Infections	Not yet recruiting	NCT03840148	Phase 3	Cefepime/VNRX-5133;Meropenem

Search NIH Clinical Center for Pyelonephritis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: pyelonephritis

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Genetic Tests for Pyelonephritis

Genetic tests related to Pyelonephritis:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Pyelonephritis ³⁰

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Anatomical Context for Pyelonephritis

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Pyelonephritis:

⁴²

Kidney, Testes, Prostate, Neutrophil, Bone, Colon, Spinal Cord

Sources

Publications for Pyelonephritis

Articles related to Pyelonephritis:

(show top 50) (show all 3241)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Remarkable improvement in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy following acute pyelonephritis with bacteremia. ( 30612916 )	Amano E...Yokota T	2019
2	Oral sitafloxacin vs intravenous ceftriaxone followed by oral cefdinir for acute pyelonephritis and complicated urinary tract infection: a randomized controlled trial. ( 30662274 )	Lojanapiwat B...Lertsupphakul B	2019
3	Vitamin A supplementation is effective for improving the clinical symptoms of urinary tract infections and reducing renal scarring in girls with acute pyelonephritis: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled, clinical trial study. ( 30670279 )	Kahbazi M...Mohammadbeigi A	2019
4	Imaging in Acute Pyelonephritis: Utilization, Findings, and Effect on Management. ( 30708379 )	Pierce C...Albert RK	2019
5	The Use of Mobile Educational Tools to Improve Antimicrobial Prescription for the Treatment of Acute Pyelonephritis in Pregnancy: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study. ( 30786306 )	Antonello VS...Jimenez MF	2019
6	Urinary excretion of pentraxin-3 correlates with the presence of renal scar following acute pyelonephritis in children. ( 30796728 )	Becerir T...Enli Y	2019
7	Quick Sequential (Sepsis Related) Organ Failure Assessment: A high performance rapid prognostication tool in patients having acute pyelonephritis with upper urinary tract calculi. ( 30838345 )	Pandey S...Pandey T	2019
8	Serum alkaline phosphatase and γ-glutamyl transferase in acute pyelonephritis. ( 30841691 )	Han C...Park MJ	2019
9	Fosfomycin for injection (ZTI-01) vs Piperacillin-Tazobactam (PIP-TAZ) for the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection (cUTI) Including Acute Pyelonephritis (AP): ZEUS, A Phase 2/3 Randomized Trial. ( 30861061 )	Kaye KS...Ellis-Grosse EJ	2019
10	Inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy does not adversely affect the clinical outcomes of patients with acute pyelonephritis caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriales. ( 30868326 )	Kim SH...Peck KR	2019
11	Polyarteritis nodosa presenting atypically as appendicitis and pyelonephritis in a single patient. ( 30709887 )	Corbitt M...Nigam S	2019
12	Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in uropathogenic Escherichiacoli strains isolated from cystitis and pyelonephritis ( 30761847 )	Ghazvini H...Mirkalantari S	2019
13	Host and Bacterial Markers that Differ in Children with Cystitis and Pyelonephritis. ( 30905425 )	Shaikh N...Shope TR	2019
14	Cefmetazole for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Pediatric Pyelonephritis. ( 30908807 )	Araki K...Horikoshi Y	2019
15	The pathogenesis and management of renal scarring in children with vesicoureteric reflux and pyelonephritis. ( 30847554 )	Murugapoopathy V...Gupta IR	2019
16	Bilateral acute non-obstructive pyelonephritis presenting as acute kidney injury requiring haemodialysis. ( 30796082 )	Guvvala SL...Uday K	2019
17	Concealed diagnosis of duodenal perforation in a patient with emphysematous pyelonephritis: the dilemma of air in the right perirenal space. ( 30765455 )	Mehdi S...Pandey S	2019
18	Efficacy of intravesical targeting of novel quorum sensing inhibitor nanoparticles against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm-associated murine pyelonephritis. ( 30741037 )	Vadekeetil A...Harjai K	2019
19	Emphysematous Pyelonephritis Following Ureterovesical Reimplantation for Congenital Obstructive Megaureter. Pediatric Case Report and Review of the Literature. ( 30733936 )	Girgenti V...Calcaterra V	2019
20	Temocillin breakpoints in pyelonephritis: evaluation in a murine model due to ESBL-producing Escherichia coli clinical isolates. ( 30689887 )	Alexandre K...Etienne M	2019
21	The use of initial dosing of gentamicin in the management of pyelonephritis/urosepsis: A retrospective study. ( 30673763 )	Ryanto S...Sunderland B	2019
22	Neutrophil:Lymphocyte Ratio as a Predictive Factor for Success of Nephron-Sparing Procedures in Patients with Emphysematous Pyelonephritis. ( 30624199 )	Punatar C...Sagade S	2019
23	Re: The Clinical Impact of Bacteremia on Outcomes in Elderly Patients with Pyelonephritis or Urinary Sepsis: A Prospective Multicenter Study. ( 30577334 )	Griebling TL	2019
24	Efficacy and Safety of Plazomicin Compared with Levofloxacin in the Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infection and Acute Pyelonephritis: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase 2 Study. ( 29378708 )	Connolly L.E....Miller L.G.	2018
25	Risk Factors for Uroseptic Shock in Patients with Urolithiasis-Related Acute Pyelonephritis. ( 29065405 )	Kakinoki H....Noguchi M.	2018
26	Laparoscopic Heminephrectomy of Chronically Obstructed Horseshoe Kidney Moiety with Staghorn Calculus, Massive Pyonephrosis, and Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. ( 29662958 )	Fernandez A....Stoller M.L.	2018
27	Diffusion tensor imaging in acute pyelonephritis in children. ( 29789888 )	Lair M....Vivier P.H.	2018
28	Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults. ( 29565517 )	Spital A.	2018
29	Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis complicating crizotinib treatment of an ALK-rearranged non-small-cell lung cancer. ( 29472032 )	Brosseau S....Khalil A.	2018
30	Outcome of children with ESBL-E. coli acute pyelonephritis treated with cephalosporins. ( 29746942 )	Vakkilainen S....SaxAcn H.	2018
31	Extensive renal sinus lipomatosis in xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis simulating liposarcoma. ( 29522292 )	Ando S.M....Yamauchi F.I.	2018
32	Emphysematous pyelonephritis and cystitis: A case report and literature review. ( 29916283 )	Li S....Wang C.	2018
33	Pyelonephritis in Dogs: Retrospective Study of 47 Histologically Diagnosed Cases (2005-2015). ( 29197113 )	Bouillon J....Lemetayer J.	2018
34	Reply: Is Taking Blood Cultures Indicated in Acute Pyelonephritis Patients Who Have Used Antibiotics before Presentation? ( 29637754 )	Kim Y....Pai H.	2018
35	Acute Pyelonephritis in Adults. ( 29298155 )	Johnson J.R....Russo T.A.	2018
36	Delayed diagnosis of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in a quadriplegic patient with uncontrolled cutaneous fistula: A case report. ( 29480882 )	Yang J.H....Lee N.H.	2018
37	D-dimer as a marker of acute pyelonephritis in infants younger than 24A months with urinary tract infection. ( 29306986 )	Lee J.W....Shin J.I.	2018
38	Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. ( 29514028 )	Marinacci L.X....Rosales I.	2018
39	Pyeloduodenal fistula complicating xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. ( 29785659 )	Laberge M....Sreeharsha B.	2018
40	Useful Predictive Factors for Bacteremia among Outpatients with Pyelonephritis. ( 29321419 )	Nakamura N....Naito T.	2018
41	Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis: A case report. ( 29888197 )	Morales C....Morales I.	2018
42	Phylogenetic relationships, biofilm formation, motility, antibiotic resistance and extended virulence genotypes among Escherichia coli strains from women with community-onset primitive acute pyelonephritis. ( 29758033 )	Pompilio A....Di Bonaventura G.	2018
43	Re. &quot;Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy in detecting parenchymal lesions in children with acute pyelonephritis: AA prospective study&quot;. ( 29778699 )	Pohl H.G.	2018
44	Emphysematous pyelonephritis. ( 29445494 )	Koratala A....Zeng X.	2018
45	Nephron-sparing management of Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis presenting as spontaneous renal hemorrhage: a case report and literature review. ( 29866085 )	Ballentine W.K....Mirzazadeh M.	2018
46	Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is more sensitive than dimercaptosuccinic acid scintigraphy in detecting parenchymal lesions in children with acute pyelonephritis: AA prospective study. ( 29588142 )	Bosakova A....Hladik M.	2018
47	Is Taking Blood Cultures Indicated in Acute Pyelonephritis Patients Who Have Used Antibiotics before Presentation? ( 29637753 )	Karakonstantis S....Kalemaki D.	2018
48	Focal Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis with Pulmonary Lesions on the Background of Type Two Diabetes Mellitus. ( 29666742 )	Enshaei A....Bahmani N.	2018
49	Characterization of the Macrophage Infiltrate in a Case of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis. ( 29770220 )	Zarif J.C....Gorin M.A.	2018
50	The clinical impact of bacteremia on outcomes in elderly patients with pyelonephritis or urinary sepsis: A prospective multicenter study. ( 29364923 )	Artero A....de la Fuente J.	2018

Sources

Genes for Pyelonephritis

Genes related to Pyelonephritis (0 elite genes):

(show all 16)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	TLR4	Toll Like Receptor 4	Protein Coding	25.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11260138 11801667
2	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	24.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CXCR1	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 1	Protein Coding	23.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	22.89	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	22.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	NAGLU	N-Acetyl-Alpha-Glucosaminidase	Protein Coding	22.72	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19367005 2371096 9064498 (more) 8036046 2063674
7	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	UMOD	Uromodulin	Protein Coding	21.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁶	15816991 15989109
9	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	21.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	CCL2	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2	Protein Coding	20.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	IL1B	Interleukin 1 Beta	Protein Coding	20.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	CXCR2	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2	Protein Coding	20.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	20.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	PGF	Placental Growth Factor	Protein Coding	20.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	IL10	Interleukin 10	Protein Coding	20.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	CCL5	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	20.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Pyelonephritis

Sources

Expression for Pyelonephritis

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Pyelonephritis.

Sources

Pathways for Pyelonephritis

Pathways related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 73)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Innate Immune System ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Immune System ⁶⁷ Neutrophil degranulation ⁶⁷	14.05	CCL2 CCL5 CRP CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
2	ERK Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶⁵ MAPK Signaling ⁶⁵ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶⁵ Rho Family GTPases ⁶⁵	13.88	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
3	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁵ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁸ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁵ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁵ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁵ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁵ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁵ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁵ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁵ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁵	13.71	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
4	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶⁵ JNK Pathway ⁶⁵ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶⁵ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶⁵ SOCS Pathway ⁶⁵	13.56	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁷	13.39	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
6	Akt Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁵ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁵	13.38	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
7	PAK Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁵ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁵	13.32	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL10
8	Toll-like Receptor Signaling Pathway ³⁸ ¹ Show member pathways Chagas disease (American trypanosomiasis) ³⁸ Epstein-Barr virus infection ³⁸ Hepatitis B ³⁸ Hepatitis C ³⁸ NOD-like Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶ Regulation of toll-like receptor signaling pathway ¹	13.22	ACE CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B
9	Human cytomegalovirus infection ³⁸ Show member pathways Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection ³⁸ Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection ³⁸	13.01	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR2 IL1B IL6
10	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Androgen Signaling ⁶⁵ Chemokine Signaling ⁶⁵ Chemokine signaling pathway ³⁸	12.89	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
11	Allograft rejection ¹ ³⁸ Show member pathways Antigen processing and presentation ³⁸ Asthma ³⁸ Autoimmune thyroid disease ³⁸ CTL Mediated Apoptosis ⁶⁵ Graft-versus-host disease ³⁸ Intestinal immune network for IgA production ³⁸ THC Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁵ Type I diabetes mellitus ³⁸ Viral myocarditis ³⁸	12.88	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
12	RIG-I/MDA5 mediated induction of IFN-alpha/beta pathways ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway ³⁸ Immune response TLR3 and TLR4 induce TICAM1-specific signaling pathway ²³ Negative regulators of RIG-I/MDA5 signaling ⁶⁷ NF-kB activation through FADD/RIP-1 pathway mediated by caspase-8 and -10 ⁶⁷ RIG-I-like Receptor Signaling ¹ RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway ³⁸ TRAF3-dependent IRF activation pathway ⁶⁷ TRAF6 mediated IRF7 activation ⁶⁷ Virus Detection and Induction of Antiviral Signaling Pathways by RIG-I-like Receptors (RLR) ⁶⁶	12.82	CCL5 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
13	NF-KappaB Family Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways NF-KappaB (p50-p65) Pathway ⁶⁵	12.74	IL1B IL6 PGF TLR4 TNF
14	Th17 cell differentiation ³⁸ Show member pathways IL-22 Pathway ⁶⁵ Immune response IL-22 signaling pathway ²³ Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) ³⁸ Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation ³⁸	12.65	IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
15	Influenza A ³⁸ Show member pathways Measles ³⁸	12.65	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4
16	Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways Angiopoietin receptor Tie2-mediated signaling ¹ Angiopoietin-TIE2 Signaling ⁶⁵ Development Angiopoietin - Tie2 signaling ²³ Development PDGF signaling via STATs and NF-kB ²³ IL23-mediated signaling events ¹ Immune response IL-10 signaling pathway ²³ Rac1/Pak1/p38/MMP-2 pathway ¹	12.64	CCL2 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
17	NF-kappaB Signaling ⁴	12.62	CCL2 CCL5 IL10 IL1B TNF
18	Insulin receptor recycling ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Collecting duct acid secretion ³⁸ Epithelial cell signaling in Helicobacter pylori infection ³⁸ Iron uptake and transport ⁶⁷ ROS, RNS production in phagocytes ⁶⁷ Transferrin endocytosis and recycling ⁶⁷ Vibrio cholerae infection ³⁸	12.49	CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
19	T cell receptor signaling pathway ³⁸ Show member pathways T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) Signaling Pathway ¹ T-Cell antigen Receptor (TCR) pathway during Staphylococcus aureus infection ¹	12.44	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
20	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ¹ IL-17 signaling pathway ³⁸ Interleukin-17 signaling ⁶⁷ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²³	12.41	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
21	Immune response CCR3 signaling in eosinophils ²³ Show member pathways Inhibitory action of Lipoxins on neutrophil migration ²³	12.38	CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
22	Toll Comparative Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL-1 Pathway ⁶⁵ Immune response MIF in innate immunity response ²³ iNOS Signaling ⁶⁵ TLR-TRIF Pathway ⁶⁵	12.38	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
23	Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ Show member pathways Folate Metabolism ¹ Metabolism of ingested MeSeO2H into MeSeH ⁶⁷ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.36	ALB CCL2 CCL5 CRP IL1B IL6
24	Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways Cytokine Network ⁶⁵ Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁷ Regulation of IFNA signaling ⁶⁷	12.33	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 PGF TNF
25	Diseases associated with the TLR signaling cascade ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Diseases of Immune System ⁶⁷ Interleukin-1 Induced Activation of NF-kappa-B ¹ IRAK1 recruits IKK complex ⁶⁷ IRAK1 recruits IKK complex upon TLR7/8 or 9 stimulation ⁶⁷ IRAK4 deficiency (TLR2/4) ⁶⁷ IRAK4 deficiency (TLR5) ⁶⁷ MyD88 deficiency (TLR2/4) ⁶⁷ MyD88 deficiency (TLR5) ⁶⁷ Simplified Depiction of MYD88 Distinct Input-Output Pathway ¹ TLR4 Signaling and Tolerance ¹ Toll-like Receptor Signaling ¹	12.31	CXCL8 IL6 TLR4 TNF
26	Tuberculosis ³⁸	12.31	IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
27	Toxoplasmosis ³⁸ Show member pathways Leishmaniasis ³⁸	12.3	IL10 IL1B TLR4 TNF
28	G-protein signaling Regulation of p38 and JNK signaling mediated by G-proteins ²³ Show member pathways G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-12 signaling pathway ²³	12.29	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL1B
29	IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway ²³ Mucin expression in CF via TLRs, EGFR signaling pathways ²³	12.27	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
30	Bacterial infections in CF airways ²³ Show member pathways IL-1 beta-dependent CFTR expression ²³ Immune response Bacterial infections in normal airways ²³ Immune response TLR signaling pathways ²³	12.27	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
31	C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway ³⁸ Show member pathways Pathogen or Damage-activated C-Type Lectin Receptor Signaling Pathways ⁶⁶	12.26	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
32	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways ¹	12.26	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
33	Th1 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁶ Show member pathways IL27-mediated signaling events ¹ Th17 Differentiation Pathway ⁶⁶	12.14	IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
34	Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways IFN-gamma pathway ¹	12.14	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
35	Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Overview ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Activation ⁶⁶	12.1	IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
36	Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁷	12.09	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
37	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	12.08	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
38	TNF signaling pathway ³⁸	12.04	CCL2 CCL5 IL1B IL6 TNF
39	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁷	12.04	CCL2 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
40	AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications ³⁸	12	CCL2 CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF
41	Hematopoietic Stem Cell Differentiation Pathways and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁶	11.99	IL10 IL6 TNF
42	NF-kappa B signaling pathway ³⁸	11.96	CXCL8 IL1B TLR4 TNF
43	Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer ¹	11.95	CXCL8 IL1B IL6
44	Amoebiasis ³⁸	11.92	CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
45	Hematopoietic cell lineage ³⁸	11.91	IL1B IL6 TNF
46	Salmonella infection (KEGG) ³⁸	11.91	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TLR4
47	Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF (Mouse model) ²³ Show member pathways Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF ²³	11.89	CXCL8 IL6 TLR4
48	Dendritic Cells Developmental Lineage Pathway ⁶⁶	11.84	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
49	Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways ⁶⁶	11.82	IL10 IL1B TNF
50	Photodynamic therapy-induced NF-kB survival signaling ¹ Show member pathways Immune response MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation ²³	11.76	CXCL8 IL1B IL6 TNF

Sources

GO Terms for Pyelonephritis

Cellular components related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.7	ACE ALB CCL2 CCL5 CRP CXCL8
2	external side of plasma membrane	GO:0009897	9.55	ACE CXCR1 CXCR2 TLR4 TNF
3	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.4	ACE ALB CCL2 CCL5 CRP CXCL8

Biological processes related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 69)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.97	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
2	positive regulation of angiogenesis	GO:0045766	9.96	CXCL8 CXCR2 IL1B PGF
3	positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity	GO:0051092	9.96	IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
4	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.95	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
5	positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0051091	9.92	IL10 IL1B IL6 TNF
6	cellular response to interferon-gamma	GO:0071346	9.91	CCL2 CCL5 TLR4
7	defense response to Gram-positive bacterium	GO:0050830	9.91	CRP IL6 TNF
8	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.91	CCL2 CCL5 TLR4 TNF
9	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	9.91	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
10	calcium-mediated signaling	GO:0019722	9.9	CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
11	positive regulation of JNK cascade	GO:0046330	9.9	IL1B TLR4 TNF
12	cellular response to interleukin-1	GO:0071347	9.9	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8
13	cell chemotaxis	GO:0060326	9.89	CCL2 CCL5 CXCR1 CXCR2
14	regulation of insulin secretion	GO:0050796	9.88	CCL5 IL1B TNF
15	positive regulation of T cell proliferation	GO:0042102	9.88	CCL5 IL1B IL6
16	humoral immune response	GO:0006959	9.87	CCL2 IL6 TNF
17	positive regulation of smooth muscle cell proliferation	GO:0048661	9.87	CCL5 IL6 TNF
18	positive regulation of NIK/NF-kappaB signaling	GO:1901224	9.86	IL1B TLR4 TNF
19	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	GO:0071407	9.86	CCL2 CCL5 IL1B TNF
20	positive regulation of interferon-gamma production	GO:0032729	9.85	IL1B TLR4 TNF
21	monocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002548	9.85	CCL2 CCL5 IL6
22	positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process	GO:0045429	9.84	IL1B TLR4 TNF
23	receptor internalization	GO:0031623	9.84	CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
24	positive regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032755	9.84	IL1B IL6 TLR4 TNF
25	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.83	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2
26	cellular response to fibroblast growth factor stimulus	GO:0044344	9.82	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8
27	negative regulation of interleukin-6 production	GO:0032715	9.81	IL10 TLR4 TNF
28	positive regulation of interleukin-8 production	GO:0032757	9.8	IL1B TLR4 TNF
29	negative regulation of neurogenesis	GO:0050768	9.79	IL1B IL6 TNF
30	protein kinase B signaling	GO:0043491	9.78	CCL2 CCL5 IL1B TNF
31	positive regulation of chemokine production	GO:0032722	9.77	IL6 TLR4 TNF
32	dendritic cell chemotaxis	GO:0002407	9.76	CCL5 CXCR1 CXCR2
33	positive regulation of glial cell proliferation	GO:0060252	9.75	IL1B IL6 TNF
34	positive regulation of membrane protein ectodomain proteolysis	GO:0051044	9.74	IL1B TNF
35	negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host	GO:0044130	9.74	IL10 TNF
36	induction of positive chemotaxis	GO:0050930	9.74	CXCL8 PGF
37	positive regulation of nitric-oxide synthase biosynthetic process	GO:0051770	9.74	CCL2 TLR4
38	positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion	GO:0034116	9.74	IL10 IL1B TNF
39	macrophage chemotaxis	GO:0048246	9.73	CCL2 CCL5
40	negative regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0045744	9.73	CCL5 CXCL8
41	PERK-mediated unfolded protein response	GO:0036499	9.73	CCL2 CXCL8
42	response to molecule of bacterial origin	GO:0002237	9.73	CXCL8 IL10
43	positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002690	9.73	CXCR2 IL6
44	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	9.73	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 CXCR1 CXCR2 IL1B
45	positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process	GO:0045416	9.72	TLR4 TNF
46	endothelial cell apoptotic process	GO:0072577	9.72	IL10 TNF
47	response to glucocorticoid	GO:0051384	9.72	IL10 IL6 TNF
48	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	9.72	CCL2 CCL5 IL1B TLR4 TNF
49	neutrophil mediated immunity	GO:0002446	9.71	ACE IL6
50	positive regulation of chemokine biosynthetic process	GO:0045080	9.71	IL1B TNF

Molecular functions related to Pyelonephritis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.43	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8
2	C-X-C chemokine receptor activity	GO:0016494	9.32	CXCR1 CXCR2
3	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.17	CCL2 CCL5 CXCL8 IL10 IL1B IL6
4	interleukin-8 binding	GO:0019959	9.16	CXCR1 CXCR2
5	interleukin-8 receptor activity	GO:0004918	8.96	CXCR1 CXCR2

Sources

Sources for Pyelonephritis

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⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

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