Retinal Perforation disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: RTN002 MIFTS: 38	Retinal Perforation Categories: Eye diseases, Neuronal diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Retinal Perforation

MalaCards integrated aliases for Retinal Perforation:

Name: Retinal Perforation ¹² ¹⁵

Retinal Perforations ⁴³ ⁷¹

Retinal Break ¹² ¹⁷

Retinal Dialysis ¹²

Retinal Tear ¹²

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Eye diseases Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Disorders of choroid and retina

Retinal detachments and breaks

Retinal breaks without detachment

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:12514

MeSH ⁴³ D012167

NCIt ⁴⁹ C50732

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 232003005

ICD10 ³² H33.3

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_0010698

UMLS ⁷¹ C0035321

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Summaries for Retinal Perforation

MalaCards based summary : Retinal Perforation, also known as retinal perforations, is related to vitreoretinopathy, neovascular inflammatory and microvascular complications of diabetes 5. An important gene associated with Retinal Perforation is CRYAA (Crystallin Alpha A), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Phospholipase-C Pathway and Degradation of the extracellular matrix. The drugs Fentanyl and Midazolam have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include eye, retina and endothelial, and related phenotypes are Decreased viability and Decreased viability

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Related Diseases for Retinal Perforation

Diseases related to Retinal Perforation via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 172)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	vitreoretinopathy, neovascular inflammatory	30.5	VEGFA RPE65 RLBP1 FN1 CRYAA
2	microvascular complications of diabetes 5	30.3	VEGFA PLG PGF CRYAA
3	vitreoretinal degeneration	30.2	COL2A1 COL11A1
4	stickler syndrome	30.1	OPTC CRYAA COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
5	preretinal fibrosis	30.1	VEGFA RLBP1 FN1
6	mature cataract	30.1	CRYGS CRYBB2 CRYAA
7	retinal detachment	30.0	VEGFA RS1 COL2A1 COL11A1
8	retinal degeneration	29.9	RS1 RPE65 RLBP1 CRYAA COL2A1
9	macular retinal edema	29.9	VEGFB VEGFA PGF CRYAA
10	vitreous detachment	29.8	VEGFB VEGFA PLG OPTC FN1 DHDH
11	background diabetic retinopathy	29.7	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
12	strabismus	29.7	RS1 CRYAA COL2A1 COL11A1
13	peripheral retinal degeneration	29.7	RLBP1 COL2A1
14	retinal lattice degeneration	29.5	CYLC2 COL2A1
15	exudative vitreoretinopathy 1	29.5	VEGFB VEGFA PGF CRYAA
16	macular holes	29.3	VEGFA RS1 RPE65 RLBP1 PLG OPTC
17	cataract	29.1	VEGFA FN1 CRYGS CRYBB2 CRYBA4 CRYAA
18	neovascular glaucoma	28.9	VEGFB VEGFA RS1 PLG PGF CRYAA
19	fundus dystrophy	28.9	VEGFA RS1 RPE65 RLBP1 FN1 CRYAA
20	endophthalmitis	28.8	VEGFB VEGFA RPE65 PLG PGF CRYAA
21	myopia	28.7	VEGFA OPTC CRYBA4 CRYAA COL2A1 COL11A2
22	vitreous syneresis	28.7	RS1 OPTC CYLC2 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
23	macular degeneration, age-related, 1	28.0	VEGFB VEGFA RS1 RPE65 RLBP1 PLG
24	stickler syndrome, type i, nonsyndromic ocular	10.4
25	bullous retinoschisis	10.4	VEGFA RS1
26	spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type	10.4	FN1 COL2A1
27	vitreoretinopathy	10.4
28	morgagni cataract	10.4	CRYGS CRYAA
29	early-onset sutural cataract	10.4	CRYGS CRYBB2
30	fibrochondrogenesis 1	10.3	COL11A2 COL11A1
31	cataract 9, multiple types	10.3	CRYBB2 CRYAA
32	diabetic cataract	10.3	VEGFA CRYGS CRYAA
33	disuse amblyopia	10.3	CRYGS CRYAA
34	choroid disease	10.3	VEGFA RS1 RPE65
35	leukocoria	10.3	RS1 CRYAA
36	hereditary retinal dystrophy	10.3	RS1 RPE65 CRYAA
37	branch retinal artery occlusion	10.3	VEGFA PLG CRYAA
38	central retinal artery occlusion	10.3	VEGFA PLG CRYAA
39	erysipeloid	10.3	PLG FN1
40	glaucoma, primary open angle	10.3	OPTC FN1 CRYAA
41	uveal disease	10.3	VEGFA RPE65 CRYAA
42	kohler's disease	10.3	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
43	cancer-associated retinopathy	10.3	VEGFA PGF
44	kniest dysplasia	10.3	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
45	macroglossia	10.3	COL2A1 COL11A1
46	otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal dominant	10.3	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
47	schneckenbecken dysplasia	10.2	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
48	marshall syndrome	10.2	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
49	otospondylomegaepiphyseal dysplasia, autosomal recessive	10.2	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
50	corneal neovascularization	10.2	VEGFA PLG CRYAA

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Retinal Perforation:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Retinal Perforation

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Retinal Perforation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased viability	GR00240-S-1	9.36	COL11A1 OPTC
2	Decreased viability	GR00249-S	9.36	COL11A1 CRYAA TCERG1 VEGFA
3	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-1	9.36	RLBP1 TCERG1
4	Decreased viability	GR00386-A-1	9.36	COL11A1 CRYBB2
5	Decreased viability	GR00402-S-2	9.36	CRYAA

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Retinal Perforation:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.36	COL2A1 CRYBB2 CRYGS OPTC PGF PLG

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Retinal Perforation

Drugs for Retinal Perforation (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 57)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Fentanyl

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

437-38-7

3345

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

59467-70-8

4192

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

2078-54-8

4943

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

137-58-6

3676

Triazolam

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

28911-01-5

5556

Bupivacaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

2180-92-9, 38396-39-3

2474

Proxymetacaine

Phase 4

Anesthetics

Phase 4

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Phase 4

Lutein

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 3

127-40-2

6433159

Ranibizumab

Approved

Phase 2

347396-82-1

459903

Angiogenesis Inhibitors

Phase 2

Mitogens

Phase 2

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 2

Ophthalmic Solutions

Phase 2

Ursodeoxycholic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 1

128-13-2

31401

Gastrointestinal Agents

Phase 1

Bevacizumab

Approved, Investigational

216974-75-3

Prednisolone phosphate

Approved, Vet_approved

302-25-0

Methylprednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

83-43-2

6741

Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate

Approved

2921-57-5

Prednisolone

Approved, Vet_approved

50-24-8

5755

Prednisolone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

52-21-1

Dipivefrin

Approved

52365-63-6

3105

Dorzolamide

Approved

120279-96-1

5284549 3154

Timolol

Approved

26839-75-8

5478 33624

Triamcinolone

Approved, Vet_approved

124-94-7

31307

Hyaluronic acid

Approved, Vet_approved

9004-61-9

53477741

tannic acid

Approved

1401-55-4

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

94-09-7, 1994-09-7

2337

Vitamin A

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

22737-96-8, 68-26-8, 11103-57-4

9904001 445354

Prednisolone hemisuccinate

Experimental

2920-86-7

Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological

Hormones

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Methylprednisolone Acetate

Hormone Antagonists

glucocorticoids

Neuroprotective Agents

Antiemetics

Protective Agents

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Diminazene aceturate

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists

Antihypertensive Agents

Adrenergic Agents

Adrenergic Antagonists

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors

Neurotransmitter Agents

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 116)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	A Randomized, Comparative, Prospective Study of Anatomical Outcomes With Different Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling Area in Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Hole	Completed	NCT02930369	Phase 4
2	Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Intravitreal Aflibercept Injections for the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema in Subjects Who Completed the Three Year VISTA-DME Trial (The Endurance 1 Trial)	Completed	NCT02297204	Phase 4	aflibercept 2.0 mg
3	A Randomized, Double-masked, Multicenter, Controlled Study of Effects of Internal Membrane Peeling Surgery in Patients With Idiopathic Macular Hole Measured by Optical Coherence Tomography.	Recruiting	NCT02905409	Phase 4
4	Comparative Analysis of Oral Sedation Versus Standard Intravenous Sedation in Vitreoretinal Surgery With Topical Anesthesia and Sub-tenon's Block	Not yet recruiting	NCT04346095	Phase 4	Oral Sedatives with or Without Analgesia;Intravenous Sedatives with or Without Analgesia
5	A Randomized Study Comparing Brilliant Blue and Indocyanine Green as Intravitreal Dye in Macular Pucker and Macular Hole	Unknown status	NCT01083004	Phase 3
6	Safety and Efficacy of Double Staining With Brilliant Blue G for Macular Surgery	Unknown status	NCT01820520	Phase 3	brilliant blue G
7	A Randomized, Sham-controlled, Double-masked, Multicenter Study Evaluating Ocriplasmin Treatment for Symptomatic Vitreomacular Adhesion Including Macular Hole	Completed	NCT01429441	Phase 3	Ocriplasmin
8	A Descriptive Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of the Dye Compound of the Combination of Lutein, Zeaxanthin and Brilliant Blue in Chromovitrectomy	Completed	NCT01627977	Phase 3
9	Comparison of Air and Expansile Gas in Pneumatic Retinopexy	Completed	NCT00120445	Phase 3
10	Analysis of Vitreous and Aqueous Humor for Ocular Growth Factors, Cytokines, Chemokines, and Ranibizumab Pharmacokinetics Associated With Various Retinal Disease	Unknown status	NCT02067013	Phase 2	Ranibizumab
11	Intravitreal Decorin Preventing Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy in Perforating Injuries: a Pilot Study.	Completed	NCT02865031	Phase 1, Phase 2	Decorin
12	Single-Arm Study Assessing the Effects of Pneumatic Vitreolysis on Macular Hole	Active, not recruiting	NCT03677869	Phase 2
13	A Randomized, Double-Masked, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group, Multi-Center, Dose-Ranging Study of Denufosol Tetrasodium (INS37217) Intravitreal Injection in Subjects With Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment	Terminated	NCT00083967	Phase 2	denufosol tetrasodium (INS37217) Intravitreal Injection
14	Phase 2 Study of OT-551 Ophthalmic Solution to Prevent or Delay Progression of Nuclear Cataract Formation In Post-Vitrectomy Patients	Terminated	NCT00333060	Phase 2	OT-551 ophthalmic solution
15	Partial Posterior Hyaloidectomy in Macular Surgery : A Modified Procedure of Vitrectomy to Prevent Retinal Break Related to Induction of a Posterior Vitreous Detachment	Completed	NCT01454466	Phase 1
16	Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) as Adjuvant Treatment for Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: a Phase I Pilot Study	Completed	NCT02841306	Phase 1	Ursodeoxycholic Acid
17	Early Vitrectomy for Impending Macular Hole. Multicenter Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT01121965
18	Comparison of Postoperative Aqueous Flare After 20G Versus 23G Pars Plana Vitrectomy	Unknown status	NCT01969929
19	Corneal Endothelial Cell Loss After Pneumatic Retinopexy for the Repair of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment	Unknown status	NCT02185469		sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)
20	Short Term Postoperative Tamponade Using Perfluorocarbon Liquid for Giant Retinal Tears	Unknown status	NCT01604616
21	The Intravitreal Autologous Platelet Concentrate Injection as an Adjunct of Vitrectomy for the Treatment of Refractory Macular Holes	Unknown status	NCT02081170
22	Macular Hole Surgery With and Without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling：A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis	Unknown status	NCT01687829
23	A Single Center, Randomized and Controlled Clinical Study of Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Insertion Combined With Air Tamponade in the Treatment of Macular Hole Retinal Detachment in High Myopia	Unknown status	NCT03383731
24	Dissociated Optic Nerve Fiber Layer Appearance and Retinal Sensitivity After Macular Hole Surgery With Temporal Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique	Unknown status	NCT03287102
25	Surgical Inverted ILM Repositioning as Autologous Dressing for Idiopathic Full Thickness Macular Holes Treatment	Unknown status	NCT01228188
26	Effect of Intravitreal Bevacizumab on Early Post-Vitrectomy Hemorrhage in Diabetic Patients	Unknown status	NCT00524875		Bevacizumab
27	Evaluation Use Optical Coherence Tomography - Rescan During Dissection of Macular Membranes : Pre and Post Operative Aspects	Unknown status	NCT02748421
28	Topical Use of Corticosteroid to Prevent Epiretinal Membrane Formation in Eyes With Retinal Tear Undergoing Laser Retinopexy: a Pilot Prospective Clinical Study	Completed	NCT02412059		Prednisolone acetate
29	Comparison of Vitrectomy Without Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling Versus Inverted ILM Flap Technique for Macular Hole Retinal Detachment in Highly Myopic Eyes	Completed	NCT04011007
30	Impact of C3F8 or SF6 Use and Length of Face-down Positioning (7 vs 14 Days Respectively) in Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT02073266
31	The Eye Hospital of Tianjin Medical University	Completed	NCT02584062
32	Outcome of Surgery for Idiopathic Macular Holes	Completed	NCT02895594
33	Long-term Anatomical and Functional Outcomes of Idiopathic Macular Hole Surgery. The Yield of Spectral-domain OCT Combined With Microperimetry.	Completed	NCT01757600
34	Membranepeeling With Brillant Blue Versus Membranepeeling With Indocyanine Green for Patients With Idiopathic Macular Holes.	Completed	NCT00757471
35	Asymmetrical Recovery of Cone Outer Segment Tips and Foveal Displacement After Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT01959776
36	Comparison of Macular Function and Visual Fields After Membrane Blue or Infracyanine Green Staining in Vitreoretinal Surgery	Completed	NCT00555269
37	Observational Study On Retinal Structure And Function Before And After Epimacular Membrane Peeling	Completed	NCT01083056
38	Long-term Outcome of Idiopathic Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT00941291
39	Comparison of a Spectral OCT/SLO With the Stratus OCT for Imaging Various Retinal Pathologies	Completed	NCT00408720
40	Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial of Posturing Following Surgery for Full-thickness Macular Hole	Completed	NCT01226160	Early Phase 1
41	Fundus Autofluorescence Images in Gas-filled Eyes Immediately After Macular Hole Surgery	Completed	NCT02628262
42	Preoperative Progression of Macular Holes Using Optical Coherence Tomography	Completed	NCT02203929
43	Macular Hole and Cataract Extraction: Combined Surgery Versus Two Times Surgery	Completed	NCT01069029
44	Efficacy of Surgical Treatment of Vitrectomy and Scleral Shortening for Macular Hole Retinal Detachment or Myopic Traction Maculopathy	Completed	NCT02528045
45	Evaluation of the Precision of the Microperimetry Function of the Spectral OCT/SLO	Completed	NCT01692938
46	Traumatic Macular Hole: Six-months Observation Versus Early Surgical Intervention, A Multicenter Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT01509092
47	To Peel or Not to Peel: Surgical Outcome of Macular Membrane Peeling Associated With Significant Macular Drusen	Completed	NCT03927430
48	The Application of M-charts and Microperimetry for the Assessment of Visual Function in Patients After Vitrectomy Due to the Full Thickness Macular Hole.	Completed	NCT03701542
49	Epiretinal Proliferation in Eyes With Full Thickness Macular Hole	Completed	NCT03376776
50	Ultrastructure Analysis of Excised Internal Limiting Membrane in Eyes of Highly Myopia With Myopic Traction Maculopathy	Completed	NCT02528058

Search NIH Clinical Center for Retinal Perforation

Cochrane evidence based reviews: retinal perforations

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Genetic Tests for Retinal Perforation

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Anatomical Context for Retinal Perforation

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Retinal Perforation:

⁴⁰

Eye, Retina, Endothelial

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Publications for Retinal Perforation

Articles related to Retinal Perforation:

(show all 33)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Prognostic biopsy of choroidal melanoma: an optimised surgical and laboratory approach. ⁶¹	Angi M...Coupland SE	28596284	2017
2	Experience With a Subretinal Cell-based Therapy in Patients With Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-related Macular Degeneration. ⁶¹	Ho AC...Malone T	28435054	2017
3	Malignant choroidal melanoma with suspected vitreous seeding - A case report. ⁶¹	Cheng WH...Wu CC	29034158	2017
4	Iatrogenic subretinal injection of Ozurdex® implant and its effect on macular edema. ⁶¹	Karandikar SS...Narendran V	28757695	2017
5	Epiretinal membrane in a subject after transvitreal delivery of palucorcel (CNTO 2476). ⁶¹	Spencer R...Malone T	29070939	2017
6	[Retinal perforation by a hard silicone buckle 20 years after retinal detachment surgery with an encircling buckle]. ⁶¹	Diwo E...Dalens PH	26549138	2015
7	Bimodal in vivo imaging provides early assessment of stem-cell-based photoreceptor engraftment. ⁶¹	Laver CR...Gregory-Evans K	25771816	2015
8	Staining internal limiting membrane with a mixture of BBG and sodium hyaluronate. ⁶¹	Uemoto R...Mizuki N	23203697	2013
9	Vitrectomy and internal limiting membrane peeling of a traumatic macular hole with retinal folds. ⁶¹	Chen YJ	21475605	2011
10	A Perforating Eye Injury Caused by a Staple Gun, Treated Successfully Without Vitrectomy. ⁶¹	Lang Y...Fineberg E	20337334	2010
11	Transscleral fine-needle aspiration biopsy of macular choroidal melanoma. ⁶¹	Young TA...Straatsma BR	18062935	2008
12	[Forensic medical assessment in post-trauma retinal detachment]. ⁶¹	Liu RJ...Fan LH	17896515	2007
13	An age-based method for planning sclerotomy placement during pediatric vitrectomy: a 12-year experience. ⁶¹	Lemley CA...Han DP	18427597	2007
14	Safety in nonhuman primates of ocular AAV2-RPE65, a candidate treatment for blindness in Leber congenital amaurosis. ⁶¹	Jacobson SG...Hauswirth WW	16942444	2006
15	A new instrument for drainage or injection of fluid within subretinal space. ⁶¹	Kang SW...Ahn BH	14574251	2003
16	Locally invasive tumors arising from hyperplasia of the retinal pigment epithelium. ⁶¹	Shields JA...Yannuzzi LA	11642378	2001
17	A study of the ability of tissue plasminogen activator to diffuse into the subretinal space after intravitreal injection in rabbits. ⁶¹	Kamei M...Lewis H	10612511	1999
18	Retinal complications of strabismus surgery. ⁶¹	Noel LP	10182101	1998
19	External argon laser choroidotomy for subretinal fluid drainage. ⁶¹	Challa JK...Lee LR	9524028	1998
20	Retinal perforation in strabismus surgery. ⁶¹	Noel LP...Bawazeer A	9083958	1997
21	Indirect argon laser drainage of subretinal fluid. ⁶¹	Pitts JF...Gregor ZJ	8944099	1996
22	Prospective, randomised, controlled trial comparing suture needle drainage and argon laser drainage of subretinal fluid. ⁶¹	Aylward GW...Leaver PK	7547781	1995
23	[Retinal detachment and laser drainage]. ⁶¹	Bovey EH...Gonvers M	7609379	1995
24	Drainage of subretinal fluid with the argon laser. ⁶¹	Fitzpatrick EP...Abbott D	8506910	1993
25	[Postoperative posture of patients with retinal perforation treated with pneumatic retinopexy]. ⁶¹	Zhai SQ	8258183	1993
26	Use of the carbon dioxide laser in the drainage of subretinal fluid. ⁶¹	Engel JM...Baker DS	2497717	1989
27	Natural history of penetrating ocular injury with retinal laceration in the monkey. ⁶¹	Hsu HT...Ryan SJ	3943726	1986
28	Argon laser choroidotomy for drainage of subretinal fluid. ⁶¹	Bovino JA...Nelsen PT	3977722	1985
29	Choroidal melanoma with retinal perforation and vitreous hemorrhage: a scanning electron microscopic study. ⁶¹	Eagle RC...Brucker AJ	6656013	1983
30	Pseudoretinitis pigmentosa secondary to preretinal malignant melanoma cells. ⁶¹	Eagle RC...Shields JA	7178677	1982
31	Aspiration from the vitreous of a non-magnetic foreign body. ⁶¹	Chawla HB...Jonasson F	718819	1978
32	Retinal perforation and muscle surgery. ⁶¹	Jervey ED	5481593	1970
33	[A spot suggesting retinal perforation]. ⁶¹	AMSLER M...HOFFMANN-EGG L	14957388	1952

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Genes for Retinal Perforation

Genes related to Retinal Perforation (0 elite genes):

(show all 20)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	CRYAA	Crystallin Alpha A	Protein Coding	8.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ ¹⁵
2	VEGFA	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A	Protein Coding	7.07	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	COL2A1	Collagen Type II Alpha 1 Chain	Protein Coding	6.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	OPTC	Opticin	Protein Coding	6.16	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	RS1	Retinoschisin 1	Protein Coding	5.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	FN1	Fibronectin 1	Protein Coding	5.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	COL11A1	Collagen Type XI Alpha 1 Chain	Protein Coding	5.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	CRYGS	Crystallin Gamma S	Protein Coding	5.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	RPE65	Retinoid Isomerohydrolase RPE65	Protein Coding	5.66	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	CRYBB2	Crystallin Beta B2	Protein Coding	5.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	RLBP1	Retinaldehyde Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	5.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	COL11A2	Collagen Type XI Alpha 2 Chain	Protein Coding	5.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	PLG	Plasminogen	Protein Coding	5.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	PGF	Placental Growth Factor	Protein Coding	5.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	DHDH	Dihydrodiol Dehydrogenase	Protein Coding	5.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	VEGFB	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor B	Protein Coding	5.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	CRYBA4	Crystallin Beta A4	Protein Coding	5.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
18	TCERG1	Transcription Elongation Regulator 1	Protein Coding	5.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
19	CYLC2	Cylicin 2	Protein Coding	5.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
20	IFITM2	Interferon Induced Transmembrane Protein 2	Protein Coding	5.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Retinal Perforation

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Expression for Retinal Perforation

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Retinal Perforation.

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Pathways for Retinal Perforation

Pathways related to Retinal Perforation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 11)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Phospholipase-C Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways PTEN Pathway ⁶³	12.78	VEGFB PGF FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
2	Degradation of the extracellular matrix ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Collagen degradation ⁶⁵ Extracellular matrix organization ⁶⁵	12.29	PLG OPTC FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
3	VEGF Pathway (Qiagen) ⁶³ Show member pathways CCKBR-Gastrin Stimulated Signaling ⁶³ Development VEGF-family signaling ²² Neurophilin interactions with VEGF and VEGFR ⁶⁵ VEGF Pathway ⁶³	12.17	VEGFB VEGFA PGF FN1
4	Focal Adhesion ³⁶ ¹ Show member pathways HGF Pathway ⁶³ Integrin-mediated Cell Adhesion ¹	11.94	VEGFB VEGFA PGF FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2
5	AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications ³⁶	11.65	VEGFB VEGFA FN1
6	Signaling events mediated by VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 ¹ Show member pathways VEGFR1 specific signals ¹	11.6	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
7	Cell adhesion_ECM remodeling ²²	11.33	PLG FN1 COL2A1
8	Cell adhesion_Plasmin signaling ²²	11.19	VEGFA PLG FN1
9	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²²	10.64	VEGFB PGF FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
10	miR-148a/miR-31/FIH1/HIF1andalpha;-Notch signaling in glioblastoma ¹	10.39	VEGFB VEGFA
11	VEGF binds to VEGFR leading to receptor dimerization ⁶⁵ Show member pathways VEGF ligand-receptor interactions ⁶⁵	10.34	VEGFB VEGFA PGF

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GO Terms for Retinal Perforation

Cellular components related to Retinal Perforation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	10.02	VEGFB VEGFA RS1 PLG PGF OPTC
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.91	VEGFB VEGFA RS1 PLG PGF FN1
3	collagen-containing extracellular matrix	GO:0062023	9.77	PLG FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
4	endoplasmic reticulum lumen	GO:0005788	9.73	FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
5	collagen trimer	GO:0005581	9.58	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
6	platelet alpha granule lumen	GO:0031093	9.26	VEGFB VEGFA PLG FN1
7	collagen type XI trimer	GO:0005592	9.16	COL11A2 COL11A1
8	extracellular matrix	GO:0031012	9.1	VEGFA OPTC FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1

Biological processes related to Retinal Perforation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 23)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	response to stimulus	GO:0050896	10.01	RS1 RPE65 RLBP1 CRYBB2 CRYAA
2	angiogenesis	GO:0001525	9.91	VEGFB VEGFA PGF FN1
3	extracellular matrix organization	GO:0030198	9.9	FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
4	cartilage development	GO:0051216	9.77	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
5	positive regulation of endothelial cell proliferation	GO:0001938	9.75	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
6	camera-type eye development	GO:0043010	9.73	RPE65 CRYBB2 CRYBA4
7	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signaling pathway	GO:0048010	9.72	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
8	heart morphogenesis	GO:0003007	9.7	VEGFA COL2A1 COL11A1
9	positive chemotaxis	GO:0050918	9.69	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
10	platelet degranulation	GO:0002576	9.67	VEGFB VEGFA PLG FN1
11	positive regulation of cell division	GO:0051781	9.65	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
12	skeletal system morphogenesis	GO:0048705	9.63	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
13	lens development in camera-type eye	GO:0002088	9.61	CRYGS CRYBB2 CRYBA4
14	negative regulation of cell-cell adhesion mediated by cadherin	GO:2000048	9.58	VEGFA PLG
15	sprouting angiogenesis	GO:0002040	9.58	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
16	proteoglycan metabolic process	GO:0006029	9.57	COL2A1 COL11A1
17	vitamin A metabolic process	GO:0006776	9.54	RPE65 RLBP1
18	vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathway	GO:0038084	9.5	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
19	interaction with symbiont	GO:0051702	9.49	PLG FN1
20	collagen fibril organization	GO:0030199	9.46	OPTC COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
21	induction of positive chemotaxis	GO:0050930	9.43	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
22	visual perception	GO:0007601	9.28	RS1 RPE65 RLBP1 CRYGS CRYBB2 CRYBA4
23	positive regulation of mast cell chemotaxis	GO:0060754	9.13	VEGFB VEGFA PGF

Molecular functions related to Retinal Perforation according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	identical protein binding	GO:0042802	9.97	VEGFB VEGFA TCERG1 PGF FN1 CRYBB2
2	heparin binding	GO:0008201	9.65	VEGFB VEGFA PGF FN1 COL11A1
3	extracellular matrix structural constituent conferring tensile strength	GO:0030020	9.61	COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
4	chemoattractant activity	GO:0042056	9.58	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
5	extracellular matrix structural constituent	GO:0005201	9.55	OPTC FN1 COL2A1 COL11A2 COL11A1
6	proteoglycan binding	GO:0043394	9.46	FN1 COL2A1
7	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 binding	GO:0043183	9.37	VEGFB VEGFA
8	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor binding	GO:0005172	9.13	VEGFB VEGFA PGF
9	structural constituent of eye lens	GO:0005212	8.92	CRYGS CRYBB2 CRYBA4 CRYAA

Sources

Sources for Retinal Perforation

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia