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SCZD
MCID: SCH015
MIFTS: 76

Schizophrenia (SCZD)

Categories: Genetic diseases, Mental diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Schizophrenia

About this section

MalaCards integrated aliases for Schizophrenia:

Name: Schizophrenia 57 12 75 25 74 37 29 13 55 6 43 44 15 38 40 17 72 33
Schizophrenia with or Without an Affective Disorder 57 74
Schizophrenia, Susceptibility to 57 6
Schizophrenia 12 57 72
Sczd 57 74
Dementia Praecox 25
Schizophrenia 1 72
Schizophrenia-1 12

Characteristics:

OMIM:

57
Inheritance:
autosomal dominant

Miscellaneous:
genetic heterogeneity
onset often in late adolescence
symptoms must occur for 6 months including 1 month of characteristic symptoms (e.g. delusions) to make diagnosis
multiple gene loci involved in causation of schizophrenia


HPO:

32
schizophrenia:
Inheritance autosomal dominant inheritance heterogeneous


Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases
Anatomical: Mental diseases Neuronal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:5419
OMIM 57 181500
KEGG 37 H01649
ICD9CM 35 295 295.9 295.90
MeSH 44 D012559
NCIt 50 C3362
SNOMED-CT 68 58214004
ICD10 33 F20 F20.9
UMLS 72 C0036341 C0220702 C1837893
Sources

Summaries for Schizophrenia

About this section
Genetics Home Reference : 25 Schizophrenia is a brain disorder classified as a psychosis, which means that it affects a person's thinking, sense of self, and perceptions. The disorder typically becomes evident during late adolescence or early adulthood. Signs and symptoms of schizophrenia include false perceptions called hallucinations. Auditory hallucinations of voices are the most common hallucinations in schizophrenia, but affected individuals can also experience hallucinations of visions, smells, or touch (tactile) sensations. Strongly held false beliefs (delusions) are also characteristic of schizophrenia. For example, affected individuals may be certain that they are a particular historical figure or that they are being plotted against or controlled by others. People with schizophrenia often have decreased ability to function at school, at work, and in social settings. Disordered thinking and concentration, inappropriate emotional responses, erratic speech and behavior, and difficulty with personal hygiene and everyday tasks can also occur. People with schizophrenia may have diminished facial expression and animation (flat affect), and in some cases become unresponsive (catatonic). Substance abuse and suicidal thoughts and actions are common in people with schizophrenia. Certain movement problems such as tremors, facial tics, rigidity, and unusually slow movement (bradykinesia) or an inability to move (akinesia) are common in people with schizophrenia. In most cases these are side effects of medicines prescribed to help control the disorder. However, some affected individuals exhibit movement abnormalities before beginning treatment with medication. Some people with schizophrenia have mild impairment of intellectual function, but schizophrenia is not associated with the same types of physical changes in the brain that occur in people with dementias such as Alzheimer disease. Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are different from mood disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder, which primarily affect emotions. However, these disorders often occur together. Individuals who exhibit strong features of both schizophrenia and mood disorders are often given the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder.

MalaCards based summary : Schizophrenia, also known as schizophrenia with or without an affective disorder, is related to paranoid schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, and has symptoms including photophobia, restlessness and personality changes. An important gene associated with Schizophrenia is RTN4R (Reticulon 4 Receptor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Dopaminergic synapse and Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. The drugs Huperzine A and Guaifenesin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, testes and cortex, and related phenotypes are eeg abnormality and hallucinations

Disease Ontology : 12 A psychotic disorder that is characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness.

OMIM : 57 Schizophrenia is a psychosis, a disorder of thought and sense of self. Although it affects emotions, it is distinguished from mood disorders in which such disturbances are primary. Similarly, there may be mild impairment of cognitive function, and it is distinguished from the dementias in which disturbed cognitive function is considered primary. There is no characteristic pathology, such as neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer disease (104300). Schizophrenia is a common disorder with a lifetime prevalence of approximately 1%. It is highly heritable but the genetics are complex. This may not be a single entity. Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (see 125480) are generally considered to be separate entities, but patients who exhibit multiple symptoms of both disorders are often given the hybrid diagnosis schizoaffective disorder (Blacker and Tsuang, 1992). (181500)

MedlinePlus : 43 Schizophrenia is a serious brain illness. People who have it may hear voices that aren't there. They may think other people are trying to hurt them. Sometimes they don't make sense when they talk. The disorder makes it hard for them to keep a job or take care of themselves. Symptoms of schizophrenia usually start between ages 16 and 30. Men often develop symptoms at a younger age than women. People usually do not get schizophrenia after age 45. There are three types of symptoms: Psychotic symptoms distort a person's thinking. These include hallucinations (hearing or seeing things that are not there), delusions (beliefs that are not true), trouble organizing thoughts, and strange movements. "Negative" symptoms make it difficult to show emotions and to function normally. A person may seem depressed and withdrawn. Cognitive symptoms affect the thought process. These include trouble using information, making decisions, and paying attention. No one is sure what causes schizophrenia. Your genes, environment, and brain chemistry may play a role. There is no cure. Medicine can help control many of the symptoms. You may need to try different medicines to see which works best. You should stay on your medicine for as long as your doctor recommends. Additional treatments can help you deal with your illness from day to day. These include therapy, family education, rehabilitation, and skills training. NIH: National Institute of Mental Health

KEGG : 37
Schizophrenia is a common serious psychotic illness that typically emerges in late adolescence and early adulthood. It is characterized by hallucinations and delusions (commonly known as positive symptoms), social withdrawal, alogia, and flat affect (negative symptoms), and cognitive disabilities. While treatments exist for the psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia, there is no effective therapy to prevent the cognitive impairments. The disorder is substantially heritable, but expression of the clinical phenotype is likely to involve the interplay of multiple susceptibility variants, epigenetic factors, and environmental influences. Although it has been suggested that many of the promising candidate genes are involved in the development and maintenance of synaptic function, the most of them remains to be identified. The pathogenic mechanisms underlying schizophrenia are unknown, but observers have repeatedly noted pathological features involving excessive loss of gray matter and reduced numbers of synaptic structures on neurons. Recently, it has been found that alleles of the C4 genes are associated with schizophrenia in proportion to their tendency to promote greater expression of C4A in the brain.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : 74 Schizophrenia: A complex, multifactorial psychotic disorder or group of disorders characterized by disturbances in the form and content of thought (e.g. delusions, hallucinations), in mood (e.g. inappropriate affect), in sense of self and relationship to the external world (e.g. loss of ego boundaries, withdrawal), and in behavior (e.g bizarre or apparently purposeless behavior). Although it affects emotions, it is distinguished from mood disorders in which such disturbances are primary. Similarly, there may be mild impairment of cognitive function, and it is distinguished from the dementias in which disturbed cognitive function is considered primary. Some patients manifest schizophrenic as well as bipolar disorder symptoms and are often given the diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder.

Wikipedia : 75 Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal behavior, strange speech, and a decreased... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Schizophrenia

About this section

Diseases in the Schizophrenia family:

Schizophrenia 1 Schizophrenia 3
Schizophrenia 4 Schizophrenia 6
Schizophrenia 5 Schizophrenia 7
Schizophrenia 8 Schizophrenia 2
Schizophrenia 9 Schizophrenia 10
Schizophrenia 11 Schizophrenia 12
Schizophrenia 14 Schizophrenia 13
Schizophrenia 15 Schizophrenia 16
Schizophrenia 18 Schizophrenia 19
Early-Onset Schizophrenia

Diseases related to Schizophrenia via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 1153)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 paranoid schizophrenia 35.9 MIAT HTR2A COMT
2 schizoaffective disorder 35.9 HTR2A DRD3 DISC2 DISC1 DAOA COMT
3 schizophrenia 2 35.7 DRD3 DISC2 DISC1
4 psychotic disorder 35.1 RTN4R NRXN1 MTHFR HTR2A DRD3 DISC1
5 bipolar disorder 34.2 SYN2 MTHFR HTR2A DRD3 DISC2 DISC1
6 obsessive-compulsive disorder 33.6 HTR2A DRD3 COMT
7 mood disorder 33.5 HTR2A DRD3 DISC2 DISC1 DAOA COMT
8 major depressive disorder 33.4 MTHFR HTR2A DRD3 DISC2 DISC1 COMT
9 tardive dyskinesia 33.1 HTR2A DRD3 COMT
10 substance abuse 33.0 MIAT DRD3 COMT
11 disease of mental health 32.8 NRXN1 HTR2A DRD3 DISC1 COMT
12 autism spectrum disorder 32.5 NRXN1 MBD5 HTR2A DISC2
13 tobacco addiction 32.5 NRXN1 HTR2A COMT
14 migraine with or without aura 1 32.1 MTHFR HTR2A DRD3 COMT
15 anorexia nervosa 31.7 MC4R HTR2A COMT
16 bulimia nervosa 31.4 MC4R HTR2A COMT
17 polysubstance abuse 31.1 DRD3 COMT
18 pathological gambling 30.8 HTR2A DRD3
19 schizophrenia 4 12.7
20 schizophrenia 15 12.7
21 schizophrenia 9 12.7
22 childhood-onset schizophrenia 12.7
23 schizophrenia 18 12.7
24 schizophrenia 1 12.6
25 schizophrenia 3 12.6
26 schizophrenia 5 12.6
27 schizophrenia 6 12.6
28 schizophrenia 13 12.6
29 schizophrenia 19 12.6
30 schizophrenia 10 12.6
31 schizophrenia 14 12.6
32 schizophrenia 8 12.6
33 schizophrenia 12 12.5
34 schizophrenia 7 12.5
35 schizophrenia 16 12.5
36 schizophrenia 11 12.5
37 early-onset schizophrenia 12.5
38 chromosome 2p16.3 deletion syndrome 12.3
39 schizophreniform disorder 11.7
40 depression 11.6
41 chromosome 15q13.3 deletion syndrome 11.5
42 chromosome 1q21.1 deletion syndrome, 1.35-mb 11.5
43 digeorge syndrome 11.4
44 velocardiofacial syndrome 11.4
45 neuroleptic malignant syndrome 11.4
46 asperger syndrome 11.4
47 systemic lupus erythematosus 11.4
48 hypoascorbemia 11.4
49 chromosome 3q29 deletion syndrome 11.4
50 chromosome 1q21.1 duplication syndrome 11.4

Comorbidity relations with Schizophrenia via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN): (show all 16)


Active Peptic Ulcer Disease Acute Cystitis
Alzheimer Disease Bipolar Disorder
Decubitus Ulcer Deficiency Anemia
Heart Disease Hypothyroidism
Iron Deficiency Anemia Major Depressive Disorder
Paranoid Schizophrenia Parkinson Disease, Late-Onset
Protein-Energy Malnutrition Respiratory Failure
Schizophreniform Disorder Tardive Dyskinesia

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Schizophrenia:



Diseases related to Schizophrenia
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Schizophrenia

About this section

Human phenotypes related to Schizophrenia:

32 (show all 6)
# Description HPO Frequency HPO Source Accession
1 eeg abnormality 32 very rare (1%) HP:0002353
2 hallucinations 32 HP:0000738
3 schizophrenia 32 HP:0100753
4 social and occupational deterioration 32 HP:0007086
5 delusions 32 HP:0000746
6 negativism 32 HP:0410291

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM:

57
Neurologic Central Nervous System:
hallucinations
schizophrenia
social and occupational deterioration
delusions
disorganized speech
more
Laboratory Abnormalities:
abnormal eeg in 25% hospitalized patients

Clinical features from OMIM:

181500

UMLS symptoms related to Schizophrenia:


photophobia, restlessness, personality changes, pseudobulbar behavioral symptoms, sleep disturbances

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Schizophrenia:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 behavior/neurological MP:0005386 9.65 AKT1 COMT DISC1 DRD3 HTR2A MBD5
2 nervous system MP:0003631 9.32 AKT1 COMT DISC1 DRD3 MBD5 MC4R
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Schizophrenia

About this section

Drugs for Schizophrenia (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 638)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Huperzine A Approved, Experimental Phase 4 102518-79-6
2
Guaifenesin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 93-14-1 3516
3
Lithium carbonate Approved Phase 4 554-13-2
4
Linagliptin Approved Phase 4 668270-12-0 10096344
5
Carbamazepine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 298-46-4 2554
6
Acetylcysteine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 616-91-1 12035
7
Memantine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 19982-08-2 4054
8
Famotidine Approved Phase 4 76824-35-6 3325
9
Allopurinol Approved Phase 4 315-30-0 2094
10
Modafinil Approved, Investigational Phase 4 68693-11-8 4236
11
Asenapine Approved Phase 4 65576-45-6, 85650-56-2 3001386
12
Nizatidine Approved Phase 4 76963-41-2 3033637
13
Esomeprazole Approved, Investigational Phase 4 119141-88-7, 161796-78-7, 161973-10-0 9568614 4594
14
Carbon monoxide Approved, Investigational Phase 4 630-08-0 281
15
Telmisartan Approved, Investigational Phase 4 144701-48-4 65999
16
Flunarizine Approved Phase 4 52468-60-7 941361
17
Dexmedetomidine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 113775-47-6 68602 5311068
18
Sodium citrate Approved, Investigational Phase 4 68-04-2
19
Curcumin Approved, Experimental, Investigational Phase 4 458-37-7 969516
20
Trifluoperazine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 117-89-5 5566
21 Coconut Approved Phase 4
22
Tocopherol Approved, Investigational Phase 4 1406-66-2, 54-28-4 14986
23
Riluzole Approved, Investigational Phase 4 1744-22-5 5070
24
Rasagiline Approved Phase 4 136236-51-6 3052776
25
Pramlintide Approved, Investigational Phase 4 151126-32-8
26
Pioglitazone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 111025-46-8 4829
27
Sertraline Approved Phase 4 79617-96-2 68617
28
Fluoxetine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 54910-89-3 3386
29
Paroxetine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 61869-08-7 43815
30
Rosiglitazone Approved, Investigational Phase 4 122320-73-4 77999
31
Naproxen Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 22204-53-1 1302 156391
32
Minocycline Approved, Investigational Phase 4 10118-90-8 5281021
33
Cocaine Approved, Illicit Phase 4 50-36-2 446220 5760
34
Angiotensin II Approved, Investigational Phase 4 11128-99-7, 68521-88-0, 4474-91-3 172198
35
Celecoxib Approved, Investigational Phase 4 169590-42-5 2662
36
Loxapine Approved Phase 4 1977-10-2 3964
37
Acetaminophen Approved Phase 4 103-90-2 1983
38
Vortioxetine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 508233-74-7 9966051
39
Bromocriptine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 25614-03-3 31101
40
Losartan Approved Phase 4 114798-26-4 3961
41
Exenatide Approved, Investigational Phase 4 141758-74-9 15991534
42
gamma-Aminobutyric acid Approved, Investigational Phase 4 56-12-2 119
43
Propofol Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 2078-54-8 4943
44
Infliximab Approved Phase 4 170277-31-3
45
Amantadine Approved Phase 4 768-94-5 2130
46
Chlorpromazine Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-53-3 2726
47
Iloperidone Approved Phase 4 133454-47-4 71360
48
Ziprasidone Approved Phase 4 146939-27-7 60854
49
Lamotrigine Approved, Investigational Phase 4 84057-84-1 3878
50
Ketamine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 6740-88-1 3821

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 3102)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Phase 4 Study of Efficacy and Safety of Tandospirone Combined With Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs to Improve Cognitive Function in Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT02040883 Phase 4 Risperidone/Olanzapine/Quetiapine/Ziprasidone/Aripiprazole;Tandospirone
2 Donepezil Adjunctive Treatment for Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT01490567 Phase 4 Donepezil;placebo
3 Switch Risperidone to Aripiprazole in Early Stage of Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT00352339 Phase 4 Rispridoen and Aripiprazole;Risperidne;Abilify
4 Randomized Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Clozapine and Aripiprazole Versus Clozapine and Haloperidol in the Treatment of Schizophrenia. An Independent, Pragmatic, Multicentre, Parallel-Group, Superiority Trial. Unknown status NCT00395915 Phase 4 aripiprazole
5 A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study of Guanfacine Adjunctive Treatment to Atypical Antipsychotics for Cognitive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT00469664 Phase 4 Guanfacine/Tenex
6 A Randomized, Multi-site, Parallel-group, Rater-blind Study Comparing Response With Aripiprazole Once Monthly and Standard of Care Oral Antipsychotics in Non-adherent Outpatients With Schizophrenia Identified Using the Brief Adherence Rating Scale Unknown status NCT02282085 Phase 4 Aripiprazole Once-Monthly;Oral Antipsychotic (i.e. aripiprazole, risperidone, lurasidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, ziprasidone, etc)
7 Identifying Predictors of Response in 12 Weeks of Treatment With Antipsychotics Using a Treatment Algorithm for Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT01016145 Phase 4 Antipsychotics;Antipsychotics
8 Omega-3 Fatty Acids in First-episode Schizophrenia - a Randomized Controlled Study of Efficacy and Relapse Prevention (OFFER). Rationale, Design, and Methods. Unknown status NCT02210962 Phase 4
9 Double-blind Clinical Trial Controlled With Placebo of the Efficacy of Reboxetine and Citalopram as an Adjunct Treatment to Second Generation Antipsychotics in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT01300364 Phase 4 Reboxetine;citalopram (SSRI)
10 A Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Effects of Switching to Aripiprazole 12 Weeks on the Sexual Dysfunction From Risperidone or Paliperidone in Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders or Bipolar Spectrum Disorders Unknown status NCT01742390 Phase 4 Aripiprazole;risperidone or paliperidone
11 Identification and Treatment of the Liability to Develop Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT00305474 Phase 4 Risperidone
12 Contrasting the Brain Effects of Risperidone and Invega With fMRI and PET Scanning Unknown status NCT00937261 Phase 4 Risperidone;Paliperidone
13 Minocycline as an Adjunctive Therapy for Schizophrenia: a Randomized Controlled Study Unknown status NCT01133080 Phase 4 Minocycline;placebo
14 Pilot Double Blind, Placebo Controlled and Randomized Study to Assess Electroconvulsive Therapy Efficacy as Augmenting Strategy to Clozapine in Super-refractory Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT02049021 Phase 4
15 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Used to Treat Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT00186771 Phase 4
16 Huperzine-A for Cognitive Dysfunction and Functional Status in Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT01012830 Phase 4 Huperzine A
17 A Five Year, Prospective, Randomized, Blinded, Controlled Trial Comparing the Efficacy of a Modified Diabetes Prevention Protocol and the Standard Comprehensive Outpatient Care in Lowering the Incidence of New Onset Diabetes Among People Treated for Schizophrenia and Are at Risk to Develop Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Unknown status NCT00182494 Phase 4
18 Donepezil Double Blind Trial for ECT Memory Disfunction Unknown status NCT00465283 Phase 4 Donepezil
19 Tolerability And Efficacy Of High Dose Escitalopram In The Treatment Of Patients Suffering From Schizophrenia And Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) - An Open Label Study Unknown status NCT00708396 Phase 4 Escitalopram
20 The Effect of a Community-based Long-acting Antipsychotic-treated Management Model on the Violence Risk of Patients With Schizophrenia: a 1-year, Open-label Randomized Controlled Study Unknown status NCT03080194 Phase 4 paliperidone palmitate;control group
21 An Open-label Switch Study to Asenapine in the Early Stage of Psychosis Unknown status NCT01968161 Phase 4 Asenapine
22 Linagliptin and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Pilot Study Unknown status NCT02442817 Phase 4 Linagliptin
23 Pilot Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Quetiapine Fumarate Instant-Release (Seroquel IR) in Controlling Agitation and Aggressive Symptoms in the Acute Treatment of Patients With Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT00838032 Phase 4 Quetiapine fumarate;Haloperidol
24 Association of the Amisulpride Treatment Response in Patients With Schizophrenia With the Findings of Brain Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Unknown status NCT02095938 Phase 4 amisulpride
25 Comparison of Cognitive Functions of Schizophrenic Patients Treated With Sertindole Versus Risperidone Unknown status NCT00480844 Phase 4 Sertindole;Risperidone
26 Effectiveness of Long-Acting Risperidone in the Maintenance Treatment of First-Episode Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT00220714 Phase 4 atypical antipsychotics:oral vs. long-acting route
27 Locus Coeruleus Neuroimaging of Antipsychotic/Modafinil Interactions on Cognition in Schizophrenia Unknown status NCT01913327 Phase 4 Aripiprazole;Risperidone;Modafinil
28 A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial on Comparing Escitalopram and Duloxetine add-on for Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Subjects With Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) Risk Genotype Unknown status NCT01078870 Phase 4 Lexapro;Cymbalta;Placebo
29 A Study on the Efficacy, Pharmacokinetics and Adverse Effects of Paliperidone ER Unknown status NCT02433717 Phase 4 Paliperidone ER
30 Changes of Heart Rate Variability in Schizophrenic and Bipolar Patients Under the Medication of Aripiprazole and Quetiapine Unknown status NCT01047215 Phase 4 Aripiprazole; Quetiapine
31 Determining the Efficacy and Tolerance of Quetiapine Extended Release (XR) for the Management of Psychotic Aggression or Agitation in Adult Acute Psychiatry Unknown status NCT00986167 Phase 4 Quetiapine XR
32 A Multi-Center,Open-Labeled,Intervention Study:The Efficacy And Safety Of Intramuscular Ziprasidone For Three Days In Patients With Psychotic Agitation Unknown status NCT02935998 Phase 4 Ziprasidone
33 The Monitor of Serum Prolactin Level and Related Clinical Observations Among Individuals With Schizophrenia Spectrum Illnesses in a 3 Months Aripiprazole Trial Unknown status NCT00468533 Phase 4 Aripiprazole
34 Phase IV Study of Effects of 'Seroquel-XR' on the Improvement of Neurocognitive Function in People At-risk Mental States(ARMS) Unknown status NCT01250847 Phase 4 Quetiapine(Seroquel-XR) 50~800mg a day
35 An Open Label, Multicenter, Single Arm, 4-Week Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Flexible Dose of Quetiapine Fumarate (Seroquel) Switching From Other Drugs in the Treatment of Acute Manic Patients With Bipolar Disorder Unknown status NCT00837343 Phase 4 quetiapine fumarate tablet (Seroquel)
36 Reduction of Cardiovascular Risk in Severe Mental Illness Prescribing and Using Better and More Appropriated Drugs Unknown status NCT01182012 Phase 4
37 Assessment and Follow Up Study of Children and Adolescent With Bipolar Disorder Unknown status NCT01000402 Phase 4 Psychopharmacotherapy
38 Reversal of Antipsychotic-Induced Hyperprolactinemia, Weight Gain, Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia by Aripiprazole Add-on Therapy in the Treatment of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder: An Open-Label Trial Unknown status NCT00541554 Phase 4 Abilify (aripiprazole)
39 Evaluation Whether Higher Retention Rate is in Those of Combined Methadone With N-Acetyl-Cysteine Compared to Those With Methadone Alone During a Six-month Study Unknown status NCT01047956 Phase 4 Methadone; NAC;Methadone
40 Open Label Prophylaxis Study of Lithium Plus Extended- Release Carbamazepine (Equetro®) Combination for Rapid Cycling Bipolar Disorder Unknown status NCT00325286 Phase 4 Lithium Plus Extended- Release Carbamazepine
41 Post Marketing Clinical Study of Aripiprazole in Patients With Schizophrenia - Effects on Glucose Metabolism- Completed NCT00392197 Phase 4 Aripiprazole
42 The Effect of N-Acetyl Cysteine on Cortical Erosion in Early Stage Schizophrenia Completed NCT01339858 Phase 4 N-Acetyl Cysteine
43 Safety and Efficacy of Seroquel in First Episode Schizophrenia Completed NCT00254241 Phase 4 Seroquel and Risperidone
44 Olanzapine Versus An Active Comparator in the Treatment of Schizophrenia Completed NCT00036088 Phase 4 Olanzapine
45 Phase 4 Memantine as Adjunctive Therapy for Schizophrenia Negative Symptoms in Patients Using Clozapine. A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controled Study Completed NCT00757978 Phase 4 memantine;placebo
46 Seroquel on Glucose Metabolism Completed NCT00214578 Phase 4 Seroquel (quetiapine)
47 Managing Acute Schizophrenia, a Double Blind Comparison Between Two Atypical Antipsychotics - Olanzapine and Risperidone Completed NCT00485498 Phase 4 Olanzapine Hydrochloride;Risperidone
48 A Randomized Double-Blind Study of Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Schizophrenia Completed NCT00088049 Phase 4 Olanzapine;Aripiprazole
49 Olanzapine Versus Aripiprazole in the Treatment of Acutely Ill Patients With Schizophrenia Completed NCT00103571 Phase 4 Olanzapine;Aripiprazole
50 Safety and Tolerability of Initiating Aripiprazole Lauroxil in Subjects With Schizophrenia Who Are Inadequately Treated With Paliperidone Palmitate or Risperidone Long Acting Injection Completed NCT02634320 Phase 4 Aripiprazole Lauroxil

Search NIH Clinical Center for Schizophrenia

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 72 / NDF-RT 51 :


acetophenazine
Acetophenazine maleate
aripiprazole
Aripiprazole
aripiprazole lauroxil
Aripiprazole lauroxil
Asenapine
Brexpiprazole
Carbamazepine
Cariprazine
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride
Clonazepam
Clozapine
Clozapine
CLOZAPINE (CARACO)
CLOZAPINE (CLOZARIL)
CLOZAPINE (IVAX)
CLOZAPINE (TEVA)
CLOZAPINE (VERSACLOZ)
Cyproheptadine
Cyproheptadine hydrochloride
CYPROHEPTADINE HYDROCHLORIDE MONOHYDRATE
deserpidine
Fazaclo
Flupentixol
Fluphenazine
fluphenazine decanoate
Fluphenazine enanthate
Fluphenazine Hydrochloride
Haloperidol
Haloperidol
haloperidol decanoate
Haloperidol lactate
Iloperidone
Loxapine
Lurasidone
Mesoridazine
Mesoridazine besylate
Methotrimeprazine
Mirtazapine
Molindone
Molindone
Molindone Hydrochloride
Mylan brand of clozapine
olanzapine
Olanzapine
Paliperidone
Perphenazine
Perphenazine
piperacetazine
Pipotiazine
Prochlorperazine
Quetiapine
Reserpine
Risperidone
Risperidone
Selegiline
selegiline hydrochloride
Thioproperazine
Thioridazine
Thioridazine
Thioridazine Hydrochloride
Thiothixene
Thiothixene
Thiothixene hydrochloride
Trazodone
Trifluoperazine
Trifluoperazine
Trifluoperazine hydrochloride
UDL brand of clozapine
ziprasidone
Ziprasidone
ziprasidone hydrochloride
Ziprasidone mesylate
Zuclopenthixol

Cochrane evidence based reviews: schizophrenia

Sources

Genetic Tests for Schizophrenia

About this section

Genetic tests related to Schizophrenia:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Schizophrenia 29 AKT1 APOL2 APOL4 CHI3L1 COMT DAOA DISC2 DRD3 HTR2A MTHFR RTN4R SYN2
Sources

Anatomical Context for Schizophrenia

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Schizophrenia:

41
Brain, Testes, Cortex, Prefrontal Cortex, Eye, Temporal Lobe, Amygdala
Sources

Publications for Schizophrenia

About this section

Articles related to Schizophrenia:

(show top 50) (show all 31888)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Mutations of the Nogo-66 receptor (RTN4R) gene in schizophrenia. 9 38 8 71
15532024 2004
2
Systematic meta-analyses and field synopsis of genetic association studies in schizophrenia: the SzGene database. 38 8 71
18583979 2008
3
Common variants conferring risk of schizophrenia. 9 38 8
19571808 2009
4
Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1): association with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder. 9 38 8
15386212 2004
5
Replication of 1q42 linkage in Finnish schizophrenia pedigrees. 9 38 8
15197400 2004
6
Confirming RGS4 as a susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. 9 38 8
14755443 2004
7
A highly significant association between a COMT haplotype and schizophrenia. 9 38 8
12402217 2002
8
Association and linkage analyses of RGS4 polymorphisms in schizophrenia. 9 38 8
12023979 2002
9
Gene expression analysis in schizophrenia: reproducible up-regulation of several members of the apolipoprotein L family located in a high-susceptibility locus for schizophrenia on chromosome 22. 9 38 8
11930015 2002
10
Chromosome 1 loci in Finnish schizophrenia families. 9 38 8
11468279 2001
11
A decrease of reelin expression as a putative vulnerability factor in schizophrenia. 9 38 8
9861036 1998
12
Association between schizophrenia and T102C polymorphism of the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 2a-receptor gene. European Multicentre Association Study of Schizophrenia (EMASS) Group. 9 38 71
8622505 1996
13
A study of the association between schizophrenia and the dopamine D3 receptor gene. 9 38 71
8225313 1993
14
Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. 38 8
25056061 2014
15
De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networks. 38 8
24463507 2014
16
A polygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophrenia. 38 8
24463508 2014
17
Exome sequencing supports a de novo mutational paradigm for schizophrenia. 38 8
21822266 2011
18
Increased exonic de novo mutation rate in individuals with schizophrenia. 38 8
21743468 2011
19
Modelling schizophrenia using human induced pluripotent stem cells. 38 8
21490598 2011
20
Microdeletions of 3q29 confer high risk for schizophrenia. 38 8
20691406 2010
21
Rare structural variants in schizophrenia: one disorder, multiple mutations; one mutation, multiple disorders. 38 8
19883952 2009
22
Schizophrenia. 38 8
19700006 2009
23
Identification of a schizophrenia-associated functional noncoding variant in NOS1AP. 38 8
19255043 2009
24
Support for the involvement of large copy number variants in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. 38 8
19181681 2009
25
Evidence for a role of the NOS1AP (CAPON) gene in schizophrenia and its clinical dimensions: an association study in a South American population isolate. 9 8
19077434 2009
26
Identification of YWHAE, a gene encoding 14-3-3epsilon, as a possible susceptibility gene for schizophrenia. 38 8
18658164 2008
27
Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophrenia. 38 8
18668038 2008
28
Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophrenia. 38 8
18668039 2008
29
Identification of loci associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association and follow-up. 38 8
18677311 2008
30
Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with sporadic schizophrenia. 38 8
18511947 2008
31
Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia. 38 8
18369103 2008
32
The DISC locus in psychiatric illness. 9 8
17912248 2008
33
HLA-B maternal-fetal genotype matching increases risk of schizophrenia. 38 8
16960807 2006
34
Altered neuregulin 1-erbB4 signaling contributes to NMDA receptor hypofunction in schizophrenia. 9 8
16767099 2006
35
DRD2 promoter region variation as a predictor of sustained response to antipsychotic medication in first-episode schizophrenia patients. 9 8
16513877 2006
36
DISC1 and PDE4B are interacting genetic factors in schizophrenia that regulate cAMP signaling. 9 8
16293762 2005
37
Failure to confirm association between RGS4 haplotypes and schizophrenia in Caucasians. 9 8
16082709 2005
38
Increased expression in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of CAPON in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. 9 8
16146415 2005
39
Hyperhomocysteinemia, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT genotype, and the risk for schizophrenia: a Dutch population based case-control study. 9 8
15806605 2005
40
Association of Ala72Ser polymorphism with COMT enzyme activity and the risk of schizophrenia in Koreans. 9 71
15645182 2005
41
Association of the carboxyl-terminal PDZ ligand of neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene with schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. 9 8
15707951 2005
42
Genetic polymorphisms of the RGS4 and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex morphometry among first episode schizophrenia patients. 9 8
15381923 2005
43
BDNF gene is a risk factor for schizophrenia in a Scottish population. 9 8
15630410 2005
44
Association of the DTNBP1 locus with schizophrenia in a U.S. population. 9 8
15362017 2004
45
Family-based association study of synapsin II and schizophrenia. 38 8
15449241 2004
46
Regulator of G-protein signaling 4 (RGS4) gene is associated with schizophrenia in Irish high density families. 9 8
15274033 2004
47
Positive association between synapsin II and schizophrenia. 38 8
15271586 2004
48
Multicenter linkage study of schizophrenia loci on chromosome 22q. 38 8
15007391 2004
49
Linkage of eye movement dysfunction to chromosome 6p in schizophrenia: additional evidence. 38 8
15211627 2004
50
Linkage disequilibrium mapping of schizophrenia susceptibility to the CAPON region of chromosome 1q22. 9 8
15065015 2004