Seizure Disorder disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: SZR006 MIFTS: 58	Seizure Disorder Categories: Genetic diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs Expand all tables

Sources

Aliases & Classifications for Seizure Disorder

MalaCards integrated aliases for Seizure Disorder:

Name: Seizure Disorder ⁵³ ⁶ ³

Seizures ²⁹ ⁶ ⁴²

Epilepsy ⁷¹

Seizure ²⁹

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases Rare diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

UMLS ⁷¹ C0014544

Sources

Summaries for Seizure Disorder

NINDS : ⁵³ The epilepsies are a spectrum of brain disorders ranging from severe, life-threatening and disabling, to ones that are much more benign. In epilepsy, the normal pattern of neuronal activity becomes disturbed, causing strange sensations, emotions, and behavior or sometimes convulsions, muscle spasms, and loss of consciousness. The epilepsies have many possible causes and there are several types of seizures. Anything that disturbs the normal pattern of neuron activity—from illness to brain damage to abnormal brain development—can lead to seizures. Epilepsy may develop because of an abnormality in brain wiring, an imbalance of nerve signaling chemicals called neurotransmitters, changes in important features of brain cells called channels, or some combination of these and other factors. Having a single seizure as the result of a high fever (called febrile seizure) or head injury does not necessarily mean that a person has epilepsy. Only when a person has had two or more seizures is he or she considered to have epilepsy. A measurement of electrical activity in the brain and brain scans such as magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography are common diagnostic tests for epilepsy.

MalaCards based summary : Seizure Disorder, also known as seizures, is related to seizures, benign familial infantile, 3 and benign neonatal seizures, and has symptoms including seizures, tremor and back pain. An important gene associated with Seizure Disorder is DIAPH1 (Diaphanous Related Formin 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Neuroscience and L1CAM interactions. The drugs Ethosuximide and Nitrazepam have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, temporal lobe and cortex, and related phenotypes are mortality/aging and nervous system

MedlinePlus : ⁴² Seizures are symptoms of a brain problem. They happen because of sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain. When people think of seizures, they often think of convulsions in which a person's body shakes rapidly and uncontrollably. Not all seizures cause convulsions. There are many types of seizures and some have mild symptoms. Seizures fall into two main groups. Focal seizures, also called partial seizures, happen in just one part of the brain. Generalized seizures are a result of abnormal activity on both sides of the brain. Most seizures last from 30 seconds to 2 minutes and do not cause lasting harm. However, it is a medical emergency if seizures last longer than 5 minutes or if a person has many seizures and does not wake up between them. Seizures can have many causes, including medicines, high fevers, head injuries and certain diseases. People who have recurring seizures due to a brain disorder have epilepsy. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

CDC : ³ Epilepsy is a broad term used for a brain disorder that causes seizures. There are many different types of epilepsy. There are also many different kinds of seizures.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. Epileptic... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Seizure Disorder

Diseases in the Seizure Disorder family:

Seizures, Benign Familial Infantile, 1	Seizures, Benign Familial Infantile, 2
Seizures, Benign Familial Infantile, 3	Seizures, Benign Familial Infantile, 4
Seizures, Benign Familial Infantile, 5	Scn1a-Related Seizure Disorders

Diseases related to Seizure Disorder via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 2934)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	seizures, benign familial infantile, 3	34.3	SCN2A KCNQ2
2	benign neonatal seizures	33.7	SCN2A SCN1A PNPO KCNQ2 CDKL5
3	malignant migrating partial seizures of infancy	33.6	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A
4	benign familial neonatal epilepsy	33.2	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CDKL5
5	benign familial infantile epilepsy	33.0	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CDKL5
6	epilepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe, 1	32.5	SCN1A KCNQ2
7	genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus	32.4	SCN2A SCN1A
8	episodic ataxia	31.9	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2
9	early onset absence epilepsy	31.8	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2
10	christianson syndrome	31.7	MECP2 CDKL5
11	lubs x-linked mental retardation syndrome	31.6	MECP2 CDKL5
12	epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 9	31.6	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CDKL5
13	valproate embryopathy	31.5	NLGN1 MECP2
14	early myoclonic encephalopathy	31.4	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CDKL5
15	chromosome 1p36 deletion syndrome	31.0	TBC1D24 NAALADL2 MECP2
16	partial motor epilepsy	31.0	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2
17	epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 1	30.7	TBC1D24 SCN1A KCNQ2
18	visual epilepsy	30.4	SCN2A SCN1A PNPO MECP2 KCNQ2 CDKL5
19	low-grade astrocytoma	30.4	SCN2A SCN1A
20	electroclinical syndrome	30.3	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A MECP2 KCNQ2 CDKL5
21	encephalopathy	30.3	SCN1A PNPO MECP2 CDKL5
22	epileptic encephalopathy, early infantile, 6	30.2	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A PNPO MECP2 KCNQ2
23	hypertelorism	30.1	WHCR SCN1A MECP2
24	landau-kleffner syndrome	29.9	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CDKL5
25	lennox-gastaut syndrome	29.8	SCN2A SCN1A MECP2 KCNQ2 CDKL5
26	generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus	29.8	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CDKL5
27	epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures	29.7	SCN2A SCN1A
28	autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy	29.6	SCN2A SCN1A PNPO KCNQ2
29	epilepsy, myoclonic juvenile	29.5	SCN2A SCN1A PNPO KCNQ2 CILK1 CDKL5
30	epilepsy, idiopathic generalized	29.3	SCN2A SCN1A PNPO KCNQ2 CDKL5
31	childhood absence epilepsy	29.2	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CELF4 CDKL5
32	focal epilepsy	29.0	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A MECP2 KCNQ2 CDKL5
33	west syndrome	28.9	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A PNPO MECP2 KCNQ2
34	epilepsy	28.8	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A PNPO MECP2 KCNQ2
35	benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes	28.7	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2 CELF4 CDKL5
36	pervasive developmental disorder	28.5	SCN2A SCN1A NLGN1 MECP2 CELF4 CDKL5
37	microcephaly	28.1	VPS11 TBC1D24 SCN1A NLGN1 MECP2 DIAPH1
38	early infantile epileptic encephalopathy	28.0	TBC1D24 SCN2A SCN1A PNPO MECP2 KCNQ2
39	autism	28.0	SEZ6L2 SCN2A SCN1A NLGN1 MTR MECP2
40	multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2	12.5
41	seizures, sensorineural deafness, ataxia, mental retardation, and electrolyte imbalance	12.5
42	multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 1	12.4
43	multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 3	12.4
44	microcephaly, seizures, and developmental delay	12.4
45	microcephaly, short stature, and polymicrogyria with or without seizures	12.4
46	febrile seizures, familial, 4	12.4
47	seizures, benign familial infantile, 2	12.4
48	seizures, benign familial neonatal, 1	12.4
49	seizures, scoliosis, and macrocephaly/microcephaly syndrome	12.4
50	microcephaly, progressive, with seizures and cerebral and cerebellar atrophy	12.4

Comorbidity relations with Seizure Disorder via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Acute Cystitis

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Seizure Disorder:

Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Seizure Disorder

UMLS symptoms related to Seizure Disorder:

seizures, tremor, back pain, pain, headache, syncope, chronic pain, sciatica, vertigo/dizziness, sleeplessness, non-epileptic convulsion

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Seizure Disorder:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.77	AP3D1 CELF4 CILK1 DIAPH1 HMGCR KCNQ2
2	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.4	AP3D1 CDKL5 CELF4 CILK1 DIAPH1 KCNQ2

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Seizure Disorder

Drugs for Seizure Disorder (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 828)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Ethosuximide

Approved

Phase 4

77-67-8

3291

Nitrazepam

Approved

Phase 4

146-22-5

4506

Milnacipran

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

92623-85-3

65833

Levomilnacipran

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

96847-54-0

Lumefantrine

Approved

Phase 4

82186-77-4

6437380

Artemether

Approved

Phase 4

71963-77-4

119380 68911

Phenytoin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

57-41-0

1775

Verapamil

Approved

Phase 4

52-53-9

2520

Diazepam

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

439-14-5

3016

Ivermectin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

70288-86-7

6474909

Methylphenidate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

113-45-1

4158

Sevoflurane

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

28523-86-6

5206

Morphine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

57-27-2

5288826

Diclofenac

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

15307-86-5

3033

Methohexital

Approved

Phase 4

151-83-7

9034

Bupropion

Approved

Phase 4

34911-55-2, 34841-39-9

444

Olanzapine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

132539-06-1

4585

Risperidone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

106266-06-2

5073

Metoclopramide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

364-62-5

4168

Nicotine

Approved

Phase 4

54-11-5

942 89594

Celecoxib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

169590-42-5

2662

Mirtazapine

Approved

Phase 4

85650-52-8, 61337-67-5

4205

Risedronate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

105462-24-6

5245

Labetalol

Approved

Phase 4

36894-69-6

3869

Ziprasidone

Approved

Phase 4

146939-27-7

60854

Cosyntropin

Approved

Phase 4

16960-16-0

16129617

Sodium citrate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

68-04-2

Vidarabine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

24356-66-9

32326 21704

Levodopa

Approved

Phase 4

59-92-7

6047

Cycloserine

Approved

Phase 4

68-41-7

401 6234

Guanfacine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

29110-47-2

3519

Cysteamine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

60-23-1

6058

Guaifenesin

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

93-14-1

3516

Imipramine

Approved

Phase 4

50-49-7

3696

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

51-41-2

439260

Furosemide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

54-31-9

3440

Nortriptyline

Approved

Phase 4

72-69-5

4543

Hydralazine

Approved

Phase 4

86-54-4

3637

Clevidipine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

167221-71-8

Clonidine

Approved

Phase 4

4205-90-7

2803

Ticagrelor

Approved

Phase 4

274693-27-5

9871419

Acarbose

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

56180-94-0

441184

Liraglutide

Approved

Phase 4

204656-20-2

44147092

Pasireotide

Approved

Phase 4

396091-73-9

9941444

Parecoxib

Approved

Phase 4

198470-84-7

Dobutamine

Approved

Phase 4

34368-04-2

36811

Codeine

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

76-57-3

5284371

Entecavir

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

142217-69-4

153941

Lamivudine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

134678-17-4

60825

Peginterferon alfa-2b

Approved

Phase 4

215647-85-1, 99210-65-8

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 2887)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Prospective Open Label Evaluation of Clobazam Adjunctive Treatment of Adults With Refractory Focal Epilepsy: A Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT02726919	Phase 4	Clobazam
2	A Randomised Controlled Trial of the Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Epilepsy in Children Under the Age of Two Years	Unknown status	NCT02205931	Phase 4	Antiepileptic drug therapy
3	Study to Improve the Treatment of Epilepsy (SITE). A Randomized Study Comparing Adjustment of Treatment to Reduce Side Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs With Continuing Treatment Unchanged	Unknown status	NCT00133081	Phase 4	All registered antiepileptic drugs
4	Immunotherapy in Intractable Cryptogenic Epilepsy Patients With Autoimmune Antibody	Unknown status	NCT02695797	Phase 4	Prednisolone
5	Efficacy of Levetiracetam in Control of Neonatal Seizures	Unknown status	NCT03107507	Phase 4	Levetiracetam;Phenobarbital
6	The Impact of Reducing Overtreatment on Quality of Life in Children With Refractory Epilepsy	Unknown status	NCT00647322	Phase 4
7	Comparing Ketogenic Diet With the Most Appropriate Antiepileptic Drug- a Randomized Study of Children With Mental Retardation and Drug Resistant Epilepsy	Unknown status	NCT00552526	Phase 4	Antiepileptic drug (AED)
8	A Randomized Controlled Trial of Generic Substitution of Antiepileptic Drugs	Unknown status	NCT02429596	Phase 4	Experimental
9	Double Blind, Randomised, Cross-over Study Melatonin Versus Placebo in the Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome: Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Effects	Unknown status	NCT01370486	Phase 4	melatonin;placebo
10	Hormone Profiles in Adults Treated With Valproate vs. Lamotrigine Monotherapy for Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy: A Prospective Randomised Study	Unknown status	NCT00137709	Phase 4	Sodium valproate;Lamotrigine
11	Levetiracetam Treatment of Children With Subclinical Sleep-Activated Epileptiform Activity (SSEA) - a Placebo Controlled Double-blind Cross-over-study	Unknown status	NCT00393614	Phase 4	levetiracetam
12	Evaluation of Onfi Conversion Therapy Replacing Clonazepam in Patients With Medically Refractory Epilepsy: Efficacy, Tolerability, Dosing Equivalence, and Retention Rate	Unknown status	NCT01932502	Phase 4	clobazam (Onfi);Initial conversion and titration;Conversion schedule - Week 1;Conversion schedule - Week 2;Conversion schedule - Week 3
13	Hyperventilation and ECT Seizure Duration: Effects on Cerebral Oxygen Saturation, and Therapeutic Outcome With Comparisons Between Etomidate and Ketamine in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder	Unknown status	NCT02924090	Phase 4	Etomidate;Ketamine
14	Effects of Perampanel on Cognition and Electroencephalography in Patients With Epilepsy	Unknown status	NCT02900755	Phase 4	Perampanel
15	Melatonin Use in the Intensive Care Elderly Population	Unknown status	NCT03013790	Phase 4	Melatonin
16	Combining Propofol With Therapeutic Hypothermia for Improving Survival and Neurological Prognoses in Patients Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest	Unknown status	NCT02367755	Phase 4	Propofol;Lorazepam
17	Turgut Ozal Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation	Unknown status	NCT02267980	Phase 4	Sevoflurane;Ketamine;Saline
18	Efficacy of Phenytoin in the Prophylaxis of Seizures of Patients With Pneumococcal Meningitis at Least 50 Yrs Old. A Multi-center Comparative Randomized Double-blind and Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT01478035	Phase 4	Phenytoin;placebo
19	Inonu University, Turgut Ozal Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation Malatya	Unknown status	NCT02271555	Phase 4	Sevoflurane;Remifentanil;Saline
20	The Benefit of Prophylactic Anticonvulsant in Post Cardiac Arrest Syndrome With Induced Mild Hypothermia	Unknown status	NCT01083784	Phase 4	Use of prophylactic anticonvulsants (valproate, clonazepam);Control group
21	Conversion From Multiple-Daily Dose Enteric-Coated Depakote to Once-Daily Depakote ER in Elderly Outpatients With Epilepsy or Behavioral Disturbances:	Unknown status	NCT00312676	Phase 4
22	Relationship Between Topiramate Use and Ocular Angle Status: A Prospective Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT00153699	Phase 4	Topiramate
23	Effects on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Imaging Angiographies of the Supra-Aortic Vessels by Three Different Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents in Patients With Headache and Dizziness or Epilepsy and Clinical Indication for an Angiography by Magnetic Imaging	Unknown status	NCT00132223	Phase 4	Contrast agent
24	Buccal Midazolam Versus Nasal or Oral Midazolam Sedation for Minor Invasive Procedures in Children: A Prospective Randomized Control Study	Unknown status	NCT02408302	Phase 4	Midazolam
25	Open Label Study of Milnacipran in the Preventive Treatment of Episodic Migraine With and Without Aura and Chronic Migraine.	Unknown status	NCT01319825	Phase 4	milnacipran
26	Comparison of Oral 30 % Dextrose and iv Midazolam Sedation During MRI in Neonates	Unknown status	NCT02645279	Phase 4	IV midazolam
27	A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Adductor Canal Catheter (ACC) and Intra-articular Catheter (IAC) Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty	Unknown status	NCT02497911	Phase 4	Ropivicaine;Bupivicaine
28	The Effect of Central Insulin on Insulin Sensitivity and Energy Metabolism	Unknown status	NCT01479075	Phase 4	intransal insulin;Placebo
29	The Safety and Immunogenicity Study of Rotavirus Vaccine Simultaneously Vaccinated With MR or MMR Vaccine	Unknown status	NCT02153866	Phase 4
30	A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing the Adductor Canal Catheter (ACC) and Local Infiltration of Analgesia (LIA) Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty	Unknown status	NCT02603900	Phase 4	ropivacaine;bupivacaine
31	Effect of Bispectral Index (BIS) Monitoring on Faster Recovery Time and Analgesic Consumption in Abdominal Surgery Patients	Unknown status	NCT01470898	Phase 4
32	Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism	Unknown status	NCT01098383	Phase 4	Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors and Choline supplements;Indistinguishable placebo tablets, matching both donepezil and choline
33	A Randomized Control Trial of Vitamin D Prophylaxis in the Prevention of Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy	Unknown status	NCT02920593	Phase 4	Vitamin D3
34	Morphine Versus Methadone for Opiate Exposed Infants With Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome	Unknown status	NCT02851303	Phase 4	Morphine;Methadone
35	Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model of Propofol in Children	Unknown status	NCT02544854	Phase 4	Propofol
36	Evaluation Whether Higher Retention Rate is in Those of Combined Methadone With N-Acetyl-Cysteine Compared to Those With Methadone Alone During a Six-month Study	Unknown status	NCT01047956	Phase 4	Methadone; NAC;Methadone
37	DDAVP vs Exercise in Patients With Mild Hemophilia A - Which is Better and do They Work Synergistically in Improving Hemostasis?	Unknown status	NCT03136003	Phase 4	DDAVP
38	Treatment for Alcohol Dependence With Gabapentin: A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT02771925	Phase 4	Gabapentin 2g/day divided in two doses for 24 weeks;Placebo 2g/day divided in two doses for 24 weeks
39	Effect of Botox Treatment for Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity on the Prevention of Autonomic Dysreflexia Following Spinal Cord Injury	Unknown status	NCT02298660	Phase 4	BOTOX
40	Antispastic Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Cerebral and Spinal Spasticity	Unknown status	NCT01786005	Phase 4
41	Efficacy and Safety of Artemether + Lumefantrine and Dihydroartemisinin + Piperaquine for the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Guinea-Bissau.	Unknown status	NCT01704508	Phase 4	Artemether-lumefantrine;Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine
42	A Randomized, Open Label, Comparative, Multi-center Clinical Trial to Determine the Efficacy and Safety of Topiramate Comparing With Carbamazepine in Benign Rolandic Epilepsy.	Completed	NCT00216567	Phase 4	topamax
43	A 24-Week Prospective, Open-Label, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Effect on Seizure Frequency, Safety and Tolerability of Oxcarbazepine Monotherapy in Adult Patients With Partial Seizures	Completed	NCT00275925	Phase 4	Oxcarbazepine
44	A Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group Multi-center Comparative Flexible-dose Trial Of Pregabalin Versus Gabapentin As Adjunctive Therapy In Subjects With Partial Seizures.	Completed	NCT00537940	Phase 4	Pregabalin;Gabapentin
45	A 24-week Prospective Open-label Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Effect on Seizure Frequency, Safety and Tolerability of Oxcarbazepine Monotherapy in Children With Partial Seizures	Completed	NCT00275912	Phase 4	Oxcarbazepine
46	OAETREAT Extra Ivermectin Treatment of Persons With Onchocerciasis-associated Epilepsy: a	Completed	NCT03852303	Phase 4	ivermectin
47	A Korean Open-label, Multi-center, Community-based Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Zonisamide as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Uncontrolled Partial Epilepsy	Completed	NCT01140867	Phase 4	zonisamide
48	IV Keppra in the Emergency Department for Prevention of Early Recurrent Seizures	Completed	NCT00510783	Phase 4	Keppra;Fosphenytoin;Dilantin
49	A Randomized, Open-label, Parallel Group, Multi-center, Comparative, Phase IV Trial of Levetiracetam (LEV) Versus Topiramate (TPM) as Adjunctive Therapy to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety in Subjects With Refractory Partial Onset Seizures	Completed	NCT01229735	Phase 4	Levetiracetam;Topiramate
50	Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Vitamin E as Add-on Therapy for Children With Epilepsy	Completed	NCT00004637	Phase 4	Vitamin E

Search NIH Clinical Center for Seizure Disorder

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :

Anti-epileptic Agent [EPC]

Divalproex Sodium

Ethosuximide

Ethotoin

felbamate

fosphenytoin

Fosphenytoin sodium

gabapentin

gabapentin enacarbil

lacosamide

lamotrigine

Levetiracetam

Mephenytoin

methsuximide

oxcarbazepine

Phenytoin

Phenytoin sodium

PHENYTOIN SODIUM,EXTENDED

PHENYTOIN SODIUM,PROMPT

Primidone

Sodium Valproate

tiagabine

Tiagabine hydrochloride

topiramate

Trimethadione

Valproic Acid

Vigabatrin

zonisamide

Sources

Genetic Tests for Seizure Disorder

Genetic tests related to Seizure Disorder:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Seizures ²⁹
2	Seizure ²⁹

Sources

Anatomical Context for Seizure Disorder

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Seizure Disorder:

⁴⁰

Brain, Temporal Lobe, Cortex, Testes, Amygdala, Heart, Bone

Sources

Publications for Seizure Disorder

Articles related to Seizure Disorder:

(show top 50) (show all 31702)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	ECS Dynamism and Its Influence on Neuronal Excitability and Seizures. ⁶¹ ⁴²	Colbourn R...Hrabetova S	30879174	2019
2	Testicular mixed germ cell tumor presenting with seizure as the initial symptom: a case report and literature review. ⁴²	Syu SH...Shih HJ	30912892	2019
3	Closing the Disclosure Gap: Medical Errors in Pediatrics. ⁴²	Lin M...Famiglietti H	30867262	2019
4	Fenfluramine hydrochloride for the treatment of seizures in Dravet syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. ⁶¹	Lagae L...FAiRE DS Study Group	31862249	2020
5	Astrocytic modulation of potassium under seizures. ⁶¹	Wang F...Huang JH	31823867	2020
6	Long-term mortality of patients admitted to an intensive care unit with seizures: a population-based study. ⁶¹	Moss L...Quasim T	32022911	2020
7	Safety and Tolerability of Adjunctive Eslicarbazepine Acetate in Pediatric Patients (Aged 4-17 Years) With Focal Seizures. ⁶¹	Mintz M...Blum D	31878820	2020
8	Seizures in newborn infants without hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy - antenatal and labor-related risk factors: a case-control study. ⁶¹	Malmqvist O...Jonsson M	30373414	2020
9	Reversible splenial lesion in a patient with new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE). ⁶¹	Mizutani AU...Tomimoto H	31909228	2020
10	Tocilizumab in pediatric refractory status epilepticus and acute epilepsy: Experience in two patients. ⁶¹	Cantarin-Extremera V...Gonzalez-Gutierrez-Solana L	31935626	2020
11	Current Evidence and Future Directions of Tranexamic Acid Use, Efficacy, and Dosing for Major Surgical Procedures. ⁶¹	Taam J...Jerath A	31455576	2020
12	Antiepileptic effects of electrical stimulation of the piriform cortex. ⁶¹	Kurada L...Koubeissi MZ	31778664	2020
13	Pyridox(am)ine 5'-phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency in zebrafish results in fatal seizures and metabolic aberrations. ⁶¹	Ciapaite J...Verhoeven-Duif NM	31759955	2020
14	Treatment of pediatric high-grade central nervous system tumors with high-dose methotrexate in combination with multiagent chemotherapy: A single-institution experience. ⁶¹	Bernstock JD...Friedman GK	31850678	2020
15	Phenytoin Pharmacokinetics and Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Case of Seizures in the Postoperative Period. ⁶¹	Aflaki K...Aflaki S	31852595	2020
16	Increased Seizure Frequency Temporally Related to Vaping: Where There's Vapor, There's Seizures? ⁶¹	Wharton JD...Carson RP	31917097	2020
17	Loss of presenilin 2 age-dependently alters susceptibility to acute seizures and kindling acquisition. ⁶¹	Beckman M...Barker-Haliski M	31862541	2020
18	Preclinical testing of the ketogenic diet in fragile X mice. ⁶¹	Westmark PR...Westmark CJ	31958482	2020
19	Comparison of fiber tract low frequency stimulation to focal and ANT stimulation in an acute rat model of focal cortical seizures. ⁶¹	Couturier NH...Durand DM	31902689	2020
20	Does vaping cause seizures? The need for comprehensive drug testing. ⁶¹	Hughes A...Hendrickson RG	31116046	2020
21	Monitoring for Poststroke Seizures. ⁶¹	Bautista C	32014163	2020
22	Early seizures after ischemic stroke: focus on thrombolysis. ⁶¹	Feher G...Szapary L	30915936	2020
23	Oral levetiracetam for prevention of busulfan-induced seizures in adult hematopoietic cell transplant. ⁶¹	Chaguaceda C...Riu G	32026356	2020
24	SCN1A Variants in vaccine-related febrile seizures: A prospective study. ⁶¹	Damiano JA...Berkovic SF	31755124	2020
25	SCN8A heterozygous variants are associated with anoxic-epileptic seizures. ⁶¹	Ranza E...Korff CM	32040247	2020
26	Predictors of clinically urgent intracranial pathology at neuroimaging in children with complex febrile seizures: a retrospective cross-sectional study. ⁶¹	Guillou T...Guedj R	31310688	2020
27	Refractory seizures: Prediction of outcome of surgical intervention based on results from PET-CT, PET-MRI and electroencephaolography. ⁶¹	Johnson R...Gayed I	31637946	2020
28	The potential effects of anticonvulsant drugs on neuropeptides and neurotrophins in pentylenetetrazol kindled seizures in the rat. ⁶¹	Tekgul H...Taskiran D	31518546	2020
29	Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe Coupled to a Portable Mass Spectrometer for Rapid Identification of Bulk Drug Seizures. ⁶¹	McCullough BJ...Hopley C	32031401	2020
30	Nebivolol attenuates the anticonvulsant action of carbamazepine and phenobarbital against the maximal electroshock-induced seizures in mice. ⁶¹	Borowicz-Reutt KK...Rudkowska M	32016836	2020
31	Variation in Prehospital Protocols for Pediatric Seizure Within the United States. ⁶¹	Ramgopal S...Owusu-Ansah S	32011553	2020
32	The piriform cortex in epilepsy: What we learn from the kindling model. ⁶¹	Cheng H...Chen Z	31794746	2020
33	Encephalopathy related to status epilepticus during slow sleep (ESES) as atypical evolution of Panayiotopoulos syndrome: an EEG and neuropsychological study. ⁶¹	Oguni H...Nagata S	32020894	2020
34	De novo SCAMP5 mutation causes a neurodevelopmental disorder with autistic features and seizures. ⁶¹	Hubert L...Besmond C	31439720	2020
35	Expanding the phenotype of the CDKL5 deficiency disorder: Are seizures mandatory? ⁶¹	MacKay CI...Leonard H	32034940	2020
36	Expanding the Phenotype: Neurodevelopmental Disorder, Mitochondrial, With Abnormal Movements and Lactic Acidosis, With or Without Seizures (NEMMLAS) Due to WARS2 Biallelic Variants, Encoding Mitochondrial Tryptophanyl-tRNA Synthase. ⁶¹	Tarnopolsky M...Jones K	31684799	2020
37	Treatment initiation decisions in newly diagnosed epilepsy-A longitudinal cohort study. ⁶¹	Sharma S...Kwan P	32020603	2020
38	Activation of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels suppresses seizure susceptibility in the genetically epilepsy-prone rats. ⁶¹	Khandai P...N'Gouemo P	31783064	2020
39	Epilepsy and Physical Activity in US Adults. ⁶¹	Churilla JR...Richardson MR	32016438	2020
40	The Beneficence of Cuddle Therapy in Hyperekplexia: A Case Report. ⁶¹	Seale J...Chan B	31567315	2020
41	Cardiorespiratory depression from brainstem seizure activity in freely moving rats. ⁶¹	Lertwittayanon W...Carlen PL	31669732	2020
42	Developmental Regression and Epilepsy of Infancy with Migrating Focal Seizures Caused by TBCD Mutation: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. ⁶¹	Zhang Y...Zhou S	31569255	2020
43	Influence of a Comorbid Diagnosis of Seizure on 30-Day Readmission Rates Following Hospitalization for an Index Stroke. ⁶¹	Lekoubou A...Ovbiagele B	31784379	2020
44	Mindfulness-based therapy for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. ⁶¹	Baslet G...Dworetzky BA	31680023	2020
45	Older Patients May Have More Frequent Seizures among Children Diagnosed as Benign Convulsions with Mild Gastroenteritis. ⁶¹	You SJ	32016943	2020
46	Risk factors for preoperative seizures in pediatric patients with intracranial aneurysms. ⁶¹	Chen R...Liu Y	31809890	2020
47	First add-on perampanel for focal-onset seizures: An open-label, prospective study. ⁶¹	Kim JH...Lee SA	31745975	2020
48	Risk of febrile seizures among children conceived following fertility treatment: A cohort study. ⁶¹	Guleria S...Jensen A	32027053	2020
49	Job consultation in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Systematic review and survey of physicians' opinion. ⁶¹	Nazeri M...Asadi-Pooya AA	31899167	2020
50	Disability benefits in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a survey of physicians' opinions. ⁶¹	Asadi-Pooya AA...Nazeri M	31937514	2020

Sources

Genes for Seizure Disorder

Genes related to Seizure Disorder (2 elite genes):

(show all 20)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	DIAPH1	Diaphanous Related Formin 1	Protein Coding	406.67	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Variants (show sections)
2	MTR	5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	406.67	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Variants (show sections)
3	SCN1A	Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 1	Protein Coding	15.59	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
4	SCN2A	Sodium Voltage-Gated Channel Alpha Subunit 2	Protein Coding	8.05	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
5	WHCR	Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome Chromosome Region	Genetic Locus	7.63	GeneCards inferred via : Summaries (show sections)
6	CILK1	Ciliogenesis Associated Kinase 1	Protein Coding	6.98	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
7	KCNQ2	Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily Q Member 2	Protein Coding	6.98	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
8	PNPO	Pyridoxamine 5'-Phosphate Oxidase	Protein Coding	6.98	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
9	VPS11	VPS11 Core Subunit Of CORVET And HOPS Complexes	Protein Coding	6.98	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
10	CDKL5	Cyclin Dependent Kinase Like 5	Protein Coding	6.7	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	AP3D1	Adaptor Related Protein Complex 3 Subunit Delta 1	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	CELF4	CUGBP Elav-Like Family Member 4	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	HMGCR	3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	MECP2	Methyl-CpG Binding Protein 2	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	NAALADL2	N-Acetylated Alpha-Linked Acidic Dipeptidase Like 2	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	NLGN1	Neuroligin 1	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	QPRT	Quinolinate Phosphoribosyltransferase	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
18	SEZ6L2	Seizure Related 6 Homolog Like 2	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
19	TBC1D24	TBC1 Domain Family Member 24	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
20	TRIM26	Tripartite Motif Containing 26	Protein Coding	6.36	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Seizure Disorder

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Seizure Disorder:

⁶ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	GRCh37 Pos	GRCh38 Pos
1	DIAPH1	NM_005219.5(DIAPH1):c.2332C>T (p.Gln778Ter)	SNV	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	183344	rs730882242	5:140953085-140953085	5:141573518-141573518
2	MTR	NM_000254.2(MTR):c.3518C>T (p.Pro1173Leu)	SNV	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	14278	rs121913578	1:237058770-237058770	1:236895470-236895470
3	SCN1A	NM_006920.6(SCN1A):c.1625G>A (p.Arg542Gln)	SNV	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	68588	rs121918817	2:166901590-166901590	2:166045080-166045080

Sources

Expression for Seizure Disorder

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Seizure Disorder.

Sources

Pathways for Seizure Disorder

Pathways related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Neuroscience ⁴	11.99	SCN2A SCN1A MECP2 KCNQ2
2	L1CAM interactions ⁶⁵ Show member pathways CHL1 interactions ⁶⁵ Neurofascin interactions ⁶⁵ NrCAM interactions ⁶⁵	11.23	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2
3	Interaction between L1 and Ankyrins ⁶⁵	10.28	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2

Sources

GO Terms for Seizure Disorder

Cellular components related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	glutamatergic synapse	GO:0098978	9.71	SCN2A NLGN1 CDKL5 AP3D1
2	postsynapse	GO:0098794	9.54	NLGN1 MECP2 AP3D1
3	axon initial segment	GO:0043194	9.32	SCN1A KCNQ2
4	voltage-gated sodium channel complex	GO:0001518	9.26	SCN2A SCN1A
5	AP-3 adaptor complex	GO:0030123	9.16	VPS11 AP3D1
6	sodium channel complex	GO:0034706	8.96	SCN2A SCN1A
7	node of Ranvier	GO:0033268	8.8	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2

Biological processes related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neuron projection development	GO:0031175	9.5	TBC1D24 NLGN1 MECP2
2	positive regulation of dendritic spine development	GO:0060999	9.26	NLGN1 CDKL5
3	membrane depolarization during action potential	GO:0086010	9.16	SCN2A SCN1A
4	neuromuscular process controlling posture	GO:0050884	8.96	SCN1A MECP2
5	regulation of respiratory gaseous exchange by neurological system process	GO:0002087	8.62	NLGN1 MECP2

Molecular functions related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	voltage-gated sodium channel activity	GO:0005248	8.96	SCN2A SCN1A
2	voltage-gated ion channel activity	GO:0005244	8.8	SCN2A SCN1A KCNQ2

Sources

Sources for Seizure Disorder

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia

Seizure Disorder

Aliases & Classifications for Seizure Disorder

MalaCards integrated aliases for Seizure Disorder:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Seizure Disorder

Related Diseases for Seizure Disorder

Diseases in the Seizure Disorder family:

Diseases related to Seizure Disorder via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Comorbidity relations with Seizure Disorder via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Seizure Disorder:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Seizure Disorder

UMLS symptoms related to Seizure Disorder:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Seizure Disorder:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Seizure Disorder

Drugs for Seizure Disorder (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 50 :

Genetic Tests for Seizure Disorder

Genetic tests related to Seizure Disorder:

Anatomical Context for Seizure Disorder

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Seizure Disorder:

Publications for Seizure Disorder

Articles related to Seizure Disorder:

Genes for Seizure Disorder

Genes related to Seizure Disorder (2 elite genes):

Variations for Seizure Disorder

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Seizure Disorder:

Expression for Seizure Disorder

Pathways for Seizure Disorder

Pathways related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

GO Terms for Seizure Disorder

Cellular components related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Seizure Disorder according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Seizure Disorder

Inferred drug relations via UMLS ⁷¹ / NDF-RT ⁵⁰ :