Sleep Apnea disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: SLP006 MIFTS: 66	Sleep Apnea Categories: Mental diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Sleep Apnea

MalaCards integrated aliases for Sleep Apnea:

Name: Sleep Apnea ¹² ⁵⁴ ²⁹ ⁶ ⁴³ ¹⁵ ⁶³

Sleep Apnea Syndromes ⁷³

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:0050847

UMLS ⁷³ C0037315

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Summaries for Sleep Apnea

NINDS : ⁵⁴ Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by brief interruptions of breathing during sleep. These episodes usually last 10 seconds or more and occur repeatedly throughout the night. People with sleep apnea will partially awaken as they struggle to breathe, but in the morning they will not be aware of the disturbances in their sleep. The most common type of sleep apnea is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), caused by relaxation of soft tissue in the back of the throat that blocks the passage of air. Central sleep apnea (CSA) is caused by irregularities in the brain’s normal signals to breathe. Most people with sleep apnea will have a combination of both types. The hallmark symptom of the disorder is excessive daytime sleepiness. Additional symptoms of sleep apnea include restless sleep, loud snoring (with periods of silence followed by gasps), falling asleep during the day, morning headaches, trouble concentrating, irritability, forgetfulness, mood or behavior changes, anxiety, and depression. Not everyone who has these symptoms will have sleep apnea, but it is recommended that people who are experiencing even a few of these symptoms visit their doctor for evaluation. Sleep apnea is more likely to occur in men than women, and in people who are overweight or obese.

MalaCards based summary : Sleep Apnea, also known as sleep apnea syndromes, is related to central sleep apnea and obesity-hypoventilation syndrome, and has symptoms including apnea, back pain and cheyne-stokes respiration. An important gene associated with Sleep Apnea is AHDC1 (AT-Hook DNA Binding Motif Containing 1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signaling by GPCR and Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins.. The drugs Cafcit Injection and Donepezil have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include heart, testes and endothelial, and related phenotypes are cardiovascular system and homeostasis/metabolism

MedlinePlus : ⁴³ Sleep apnea is a common disorder that causes your breathing to stop or get very shallow. Breathing pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes. They may occur 30 times or more an hour. The most common type is obstructive sleep apnea. It causes your airway to collapse or become blocked during sleep. Normal breathing starts again with a snort or choking sound. People with sleep apnea often snore loudly. However, not everyone who snores has sleep apnea. You are more at risk for sleep apnea if you are overweight, male, or have a family history or small airways. Children with enlarged tonsils or adenoids may also get it. Doctors diagnose sleep apnea based on medical and family histories, a physical exam, and sleep study results. When your sleep is interrupted throughout the night, you can be drowsy during the day. People with sleep apnea are at higher risk for car crashes, work-related accidents, and other medical problems. If you have it, it is important to get treatment. Lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, surgery, and breathing devices can treat sleep apnea in many people. NIH: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

Disease Ontology : ¹² A sleep disorder characterized by repeated cessation and commencing of breathing that repeatedly disrupts sleep.

PubMed Health : ⁶³ About sleep apnea: Sleep apnea (AP-ne-ah) is a common disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep.Breathing pauses can last from a few seconds to minutes. They may occur 30 times or more an hour. Typically, normal breathing then starts again, sometimes with a loud snort or choking sound.Sleep apnea usually is a chronic (ongoing) condition that disrupts your sleep. When your breathing pauses or becomes shallow, you’ll often move out of deep sleep and into light sleep.As a result, the quality of your sleep is poor, which makes you tired during the day. Sleep apnea is a leading cause of excessive daytime sleepiness.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Sleep apnea, also spelled sleep apnoea, is a sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or... more...

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Related Diseases for Sleep Apnea

Diseases in the Sleep Apnea family:

Central Sleep Apnea

Diseases related to Sleep Apnea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 539)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	central sleep apnea	34.9	LEP NOS3 NPPB
2	obesity-hypoventilation syndrome	33.4	ADIPOQ IL6 LEP
3	sleep disorder	33.0	CRP HCRT IL6 LEP
4	apnea, obstructive sleep	32.0	ADIPOQ CRP EDN1 HCRT HTR2A IL6
5	ischemic optic neuropathy	31.1	ACE EDN1 NOS3
6	congestive heart failure	31.0	ACE EDN1 NPPB REN
7	tonsillitis	31.0	CXCL8 IL6 TNF
8	nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy	31.0	ACE EDN1 NOS3
9	acromegaly	30.8	GHRL IGF1 INS
10	systolic heart failure	30.8	ACE CRP IL6 NPPB TNF
11	liver disease	30.8	ADIPOQ INS LEP TNF
12	nonalcoholic steatohepatitis	30.7	ADIPOQ INS LEP TNF
13	ischemia	30.7	ACE EDN1 ICAM1 NOS3
14	carotid artery disease	30.6	ACE APOE CRP
15	acute myocardial infarction	30.6	ACE CRP EDN1 NPPB
16	periodontitis	30.6	CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
17	vascular dementia	30.6	ACE APOE TNF
18	arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy	30.5	ACE CRP NOS3
19	lung disease	30.5	CXCL8 EDN1 NPPB TNF
20	periodontal disease	30.5	CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
21	pneumonia	30.4	CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
22	respiratory failure	30.4	ACE CRP CXCL8 TNF
23	diabetic macular edema	30.4	ICAM1 IL6 NOS3
24	coronary heart disease 1	30.4	ACE ADIPOQ APOE CRP INS
25	narcolepsy	30.4	GHRL HCRT HTR2A LEP TNF
26	acute respiratory distress syndrome	30.4	CXCL8 IL6 TNF
27	microvascular complications of diabetes 3	30.4	ACE INS REN
28	diastolic heart failure	30.4	ACE NOS3 NPPB
29	uremia	30.3	CRP INS LEP
30	aortic disease	30.3	APOE CRP IL6 REN
31	carotid stenosis	30.3	ACE APOE CRP ICAM1 TNF
32	interstitial lung disease	30.3	CXCL8 EDN1 IL6 TNF
33	pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive	30.3	CRP CXCL8 IL6 NPPB TNF
34	fatty liver disease	30.2	ADIPOQ IL6 INS LEP LEPR TNF
35	keratoconjunctivitis	30.2	CXCL8 ICAM1 TNF
36	cystitis	30.1	CRP CXCL8 IL6 TNF
37	pericardial effusion	30.0	CRP IL6 NPPB REN
38	angina pectoris	29.9	ACE CRP EDN1 IL6 NOS3
39	pulmonary hypertension	29.8	ACE EDN1 IL6 NOS3 NPPB REN
40	idiopathic edema	29.8	ACE ADIPOQ EDN1 INS NPPB
41	eating disorder	29.8	ADIPOQ GHRL LEP LEPR
42	peptic ulcer disease	29.7	CXCL8 GHRL TNF
43	stroke, ischemic	29.7	ACE APOE CRP NOS3 REN
44	fibromyalgia	29.7	HTR2A IGF1 IL6
45	brain injury	29.6	APOE IGF1 IL6
46	asthma	29.5	CXCL8 EDN1 ICAM1 IL6 INS LEP
47	kidney disease	29.4	ACE APOE CRP EDN1 INS NPPB
48	cerebrovascular disease	29.0	ACE APOE CRP ICAM1 IL6 INS
49	chronic fatigue syndrome	29.0	CXCL8 IGF1 IL6 TNF
50	ischemic heart disease	29.0	ACE APOE CRP IL6 INS NOS3

Comorbidity relations with Sleep Apnea via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Bronchitis	Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease
Familial Atrial Fibrillation	Heart Disease
Hypertension, Essential	Hypothyroidism
Ischemic Heart Disease	Pulmonary Hypertension, Primary, 1
Respiratory Failure

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Sleep Apnea:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Sleep Apnea

UMLS symptoms related to Sleep Apnea:

apnea, back pain, cheyne-stokes respiration, coughing, dyspnea, headache, pain, sciatica, seizures, sleep disturbances, snoring, syncope, tremor, wheezing, chronic pain, vertigo/dizziness, labored breathing, excessive daytime somnolence, sleeplessness, insomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified, hypersomnia with sleep apnea, unspecified, disruption of 24 hour sleep wake cycle, unspecified

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Sleep Apnea:

⁴⁶ (show all 20)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.45	ADIPOQ CRP EDN1 ACE APOE IGF1
2	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.43	ADIPOQ CRP ACE APOE GHRL IGF1
3	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.4	APOE ADIPOQ ACE GHRL HCRT HTR2A
4	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.4	ADIPOQ EDN1 ACE APOE IGF1 HTR2A
5	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.39	APOE ADIPOQ ACE IGF1 HCRT ICAM1
6	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	10.33	ADIPOQ ACE APOE IGF1 IL6 GHRL
7	immune system	MP:0005387	10.32	ACE APOE ADIPOQ CRP IGF1 ICAM1
8	digestive/alimentary	MP:0005381	10.31	EDN1 APOE HTR2A ICAM1 GHRL LEP
9	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.31	ACE APOE ADIPOQ IGF1 ICAM1 IL6
10	muscle	MP:0005369	10.28	ADIPOQ EDN1 APOE HCRT HTR2A ICAM1
11	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10.27	ACE APOE ADIPOQ IGF1 EDN1 ICAM1
12	integument	MP:0010771	10.15	APOE ADIPOQ IGF1 ICAM1 IL6 LEP
13	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.15	APOE HCRT IGF1 ICAM1 EDN1 IL6
14	liver/biliary system	MP:0005370	10.13	ACE APOE ADIPOQ LEP INS IL6
15	renal/urinary system	MP:0005367	10.06	ADIPOQ EDN1 ACE APOE IGF1 IL6
16	neoplasm	MP:0002006	10.01	ACE ADIPOQ IGF1 ICAM1 LEP IL6
17	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.96	ACE APOE IGF1 IL6 LEP INS
18	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.81	APOE ADIPOQ HCRT IGF1 LEP IL6
19	skeleton	MP:0005390	9.7	APOE ADIPOQ IGF1 HTR2A EDN1 LEP
20	vision/eye	MP:0005391	9.23	APOE ICAM1 IL6 LEP INS LEPR

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Sleep Apnea

PubMedHealth treatment related to Sleep Apnea: ⁶³

Sleep apnea is treated with lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, breathing devices, and surgery. Medicines typically aren't used to treat the condition.The goals of treating sleep apnea are to:Restore regular breathing during sleepRelieve symptoms such as loud snoring and daytime sleepinessTreatment may improve other medical problems linked to sleep apnea, such as high blood pressure. Treatment also can reduce your risk for heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.If you have sleep apnea, talk with your doctor or sleep specialist about the treatment options that will work best for you.Lifestyle changes and/or mouthpieces may relieve mild sleep apnea. People who have moderate or severe sleep apnea may need breathing devices or surgery.If you continue to have daytime sleepiness despite treatment, your doctor may ask whether you're getting enough sleep. (Adults should get at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep; children and teens need more. For more information, go to the Health Topics Sleep Deprivation and Deficiency article.)If treatment and enough sleep don't relieve your daytime sleepiness, your doctor will consider other treatment options.

FDA approved drugs:

#	Drug Name	Active Ingredient(s) ¹⁸	Company	Approval Date
1	Cafcit Injection ¹⁸	CAFFEINE CITRATE	Roxane Laboratories	September 1999
FDA Label: Cafcit Injection Disease/s that Drug Treats:short term treatment of apnea of prematurity in infants between 28 and <33 weeks gestational age Indications and Usage: ¹⁸ DrugBank Targets: ¹⁶ Adenosine receptor A1\|Adenosine receptor A2a\|cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B\|Ryanodine receptor 1\|Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase\|DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit\|Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta isoform\|Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform\|Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta isoform\|Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor\|Serine-protein kinase ATM Mechanism of Action: ¹⁸ Target: - Action: - FDA: -

Drugs for Sleep Apnea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 460)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Donepezil

Approved

Phase 4

120014-06-4

3152

Guanfacine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

29110-47-2

3519

Hydrochlorothiazide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

58-93-5

3639

Zopiclone

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

43200-80-2

5735

Nebivolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

152520-56-4, 99200-09-6, 118457-14-0

71301

Amlodipine

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3

88150-42-9

2162

Angiotensin II

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

68521-88-0, 4474-91-3, 11128-99-7

172198 65143

Valsartan

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

137862-53-4

60846

Dexlansoprazole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

138530-94-6, 103577-45-3

9578005

Lansoprazole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

103577-45-3

3883

Clonidine

Approved

Phase 4

4205-90-7

2803

Spironolactone

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

1952-01-7, 52-01-7

5833

Acetylcholine

Approved

Phase 4

51-84-3

187

Nitric Oxide

Approved

Phase 4

10102-43-9

145068 160954

Dexmedetomidine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

113775-47-6

68602 5311068

Propofol

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

2078-54-8

4943

Budesonide

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1

51333-22-3

63006 5281004

Montelukast

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

158966-92-8

5281040

Acetazolamide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

59-66-5

1986

Menthol

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

2216-51-5

16666

Fentanyl

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable

437-38-7

3345

Morphine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

57-27-2

5288826

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

1994-09-7, 94-09-7

2337

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

137-58-6

3676

Acetaminophen

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

103-90-2

1983

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

15687-27-1

3672

Adalimumab

Approved

Phase 4

331731-18-1

16219006

Mannitol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

69-65-8

453 6251

Atropine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

5908-99-6, 51-55-8

174174

Neostigmine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

59-99-4

4456

Furosemide

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

54-31-9

3440

Armodafinil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

112111-43-0

Modafinil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

68693-11-8

4236

Paroxetine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

61869-08-7

43815

Sodium oxybate

Approved

Phase 4

502-85-2

5360545

Zolpidem

Approved

Phase 4

82626-48-0

5732

Losartan

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2

114798-26-4

3961

Ephedrine

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

299-42-3

9294

Pseudoephedrine

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

90-82-4

7028

Xylometazoline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

526-36-3

5709

Fluticasone

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

90566-53-3

62924

Eszopiclone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

138729-47-2

969472

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

51-41-2

439260

Pantoprazole

Approved

Phase 4

102625-70-7

4679

Eplerenone

Approved

Phase 4

107724-20-9

150310 443872

Remifentanil

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

132875-61-7

60815

Phentermine

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

122-09-8

4771

Topiramate

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

97240-79-4

5284627

Olanzapine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 1

132539-06-1

4585

Testosterone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

58-22-0

6013

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 1854)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Multidisciplinary and Coordinated Follow-up Based on a Telemonitoring Web Platform for Improving CPAP Compliance in Low Cardiovascular Risk Sleep Apnea Patients : OPTISAS 1 Study	Unknown status	NCT01796769	Phase 4
2	Donepezil Treatment for Sleep Apnea Patients	Unknown status	NCT00912457	Phase 4	donepezil;placebo
3	Comparison of the Pentax AWS® With the Macintosh Laryngoscopic Intubation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients	Unknown status	NCT01428570	Phase 4
4	Blood Pressure Reduction Induced by CPAP in Sleep Apnea Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk : OPTISAS 2 Study	Unknown status	NCT01505959	Phase 4
5	Cost-utility Study of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients	Unknown status	NCT01590420	Phase 4
6	Validation of Functional Imaging as Predictive Tool for Outcome of Mandibular Replacement Appliance Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome Patients	Unknown status	NCT01524510	Phase 4
7	PROMAD: Predicting Therapeutic Outcome of Mandibular Advancement Device Treatment in Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Unknown status	NCT01532050	Phase 4
8	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Effects on Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiac Damage	Unknown status	NCT00517777	Phase 4
9	A Randomized Cross Over Trial of Two Treatments for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Veterans With Post Traumatic Stress Disorder	Unknown status	NCT01535586	Phase 4
10	Effect of Nasal CPAP on Lipid Profile in Patients With Dyslipidaemia and Sleep Apnea	Unknown status	NCT02557412	Phase 4
11	Treatment of OSA Associated Hypertension With Alpha 2 Agonist or Diuretic	Unknown status	NCT02699125	Phase 4	Guanfacine;Hydrochlorothiazide
12	Benefit of One Month Zopiclone Intake on Adaptative Servoventilation Compliance	Unknown status	NCT02820441	Phase 4	Zopiclone;Placebo
13	CPAP and Nebivolol in Hypertensive Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients.	Unknown status	NCT01771406	Phase 4	Nebivolol
14	Somnodent vs Herbst in Mild and Moderate OSA Patients	Unknown status	NCT02724865	Phase 4
15	Intermittent Hypoxia 2: Cardiovascular and Metabolism	Unknown status	NCT02058823	Phase 4	Placebo;Placebo;Valsartan;Amlodipine
16	Dexlansoprazole to Treat Laryngopharyngeal Reflux and Lingual Tonsil Hypertrophy	Unknown status	NCT01328652	Phase 4	dexlansoprazole
17	Resistant Hypertension Optimal Treatment	Unknown status	NCT01643434	Phase 4	Spironolactone;Clonidine
18	Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) in Chronic Fatigue and Sleep-disordered Breathing	Unknown status	NCT01368718	Phase 4
19	Sleep Disordered Breathing in Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)/Ischemic Stroke and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Treatment Efficacy	Unknown status	NCT01097967	Phase 4
20	Clinical Study of Laparoscopic Non Banded Vertical Gastroplasty in Bariatric Surgery	Unknown status	NCT02050477	Phase 4
21	Impact of the Preservation of the Gastric Antrum in the Technique of Sleeve Gastrectomy for the Treatment of the Morbid Obesity	Unknown status	NCT01550601	Phase 4
22	Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A(Meditoxin®) on Sleep Bruxism	Unknown status	NCT01336439	Phase 4	Botulinum toxin type A (Meditoxin®)
23	Obesity Cohort : Medical Follow-up of Severe or Morbid Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery	Unknown status	NCT02310178	Phase 4
24	Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Absence of Metabolic Syndrome	Completed	NCT01635010	Phase 4
25	Efficacy and Safety of Adalimumab in Patients With Psoriasis and Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT01181570	Phase 4	Adalimumab;Placebo
26	Sleep Apnea and Oxidative Stress and Nitric Oxide	Completed	NCT00547937	Phase 4
27	Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy in Combination With Overdrive Pacing in the Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea in CHF	Completed	NCT00551499	Phase 4
28	Sugammadex Compared With Neostigmin/Atropin for Neuromuscular Block Reversal in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT02160223	Phase 4	Sugammadex;Neostigmine
29	The Impact of Arousal Threshold in Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT02264353	Phase 4	Donepezil;placebo
30	Sodium-Restricted Diet and Diuretic in the Treatment of Severe Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT01945801	Phase 4	Lasilactone;Placebo
31	CPAP in Diabetes Type 2 Patients With Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT01801150	Phase 4
32	Evaluation of Modafinil vs Placebo for Treatment of Anesthesia Delayed Emergence in Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT02494102	Phase 4	Modafinil;Placebo
33	Cardiovascular Impact of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment in Normotensive Patients	Completed	NCT00741520	Phase 4
34	Study to Determine the Effectiveness of Pillar Palatal Implants to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT00307957	Phase 4
35	Serotonin and the Upper Airway in Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT00100464	Phase 4	Paroxetine;5HTP
36	Trial of Effects of Oral Xyrem and Zolpidem on Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients	Completed	NCT00086281	Phase 4	Xyrem (X);Zolpidem (Z);Modafinil (M);Placebo (P)
37	Ventricular Arrhythmias Incidence According to Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) Patients	Completed	NCT00708786	Phase 4
38	Dexmedetomidine and Propofol in Children With History of Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT01344759	Phase 4	Dexmedetomidine;Propofol
39	Nasal Budesonide in Children With Rhinitis and/or Mild Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome	Completed	NCT00560586	Phase 4	Budesonide;placebo
40	Randomized Study of Provent Versus Sham Device to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT00772044	Phase 4
41	Efficacy of Oral Leukotriene in Long Term Therapy of Mild and Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Children	Completed	NCT00912171	Phase 4	budesonide (Aircort 50 nasal spray);montelukast (Singulair)
42	Losartan in Hypertensive Men and Women With Sleep Apnea Before and on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Treatment	Completed	NCT00701428	Phase 4	Losartan
43	Nasal Decongestion and Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Completed	NCT00630474	Phase 4	xylometazoline
44	Treatment of Patients With the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome at Altitude	Completed	NCT00714740	Phase 4	acetazolamide
45	Sleep Apnea. Concordance Between Non-reference and Reference Centres	Completed	NCT00424658	Phase 4
46	Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Acetazolamide to Treat Sleep Apnea Syndrome Patients at Altitude	Completed	NCT00928655	Phase 4	acetazolamide;placebo
47	The Endothelium Dysfunction in Patients of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome	Completed	NCT01699126	Phase 4	Statin
48	Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) and Ventricular Arrhythmias	Completed	NCT00765713	Phase 4
49	Early Signs of Atherosclerosis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Effects of Treatment	Completed	NCT00400543	Phase 4
50	Mechanism of Action of Fluticasone Furoate in Childhood Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome	Completed	NCT00603044	Phase 4	fluticasone furoate

Search NIH Clinical Center for Sleep Apnea

Sources

Genetic Tests for Sleep Apnea

Genetic tests related to Sleep Apnea:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Sleep Apnea ²⁹

Sources

Anatomical Context for Sleep Apnea

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Sleep Apnea:

⁴¹

Heart, Testes, Endothelial, Lung, Brain, Liver, Tongue

Sources

Publications for Sleep Apnea

Articles related to Sleep Apnea:

(show top 50) (show all 2770)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	PRO: Persistent Central Sleep Apnea/Hunter-Cheyne-Stokes Breathing, Despite Best Guideline-Based Therapy of Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction, Is a Compensatory Mechanism and Should Not Be Suppressed. ( 29860966 )	Naughton M.T.	2018
2	Transient Central Sleep Apnea Runs Triggered by Disorder of Arousal in a Child. ( 29852907 )	DelRosso L.M....Ferri R.	2018
3	Risk of Nephrolithiasis in Patients With Sleep Apnea: A Population-Based Cohort Study. ( 29734978 )	Tsai S.H....Tung T.H.	2018
4	Sleep Architecture in Patients With Primary Snoring and Obstructive Sleep Apnea. ( 29967674 )	Shahveisi K....Khazaie H.	2018
5	The Relation between Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein A and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. ( 29973962 )	Cengiz A....TuA9 T.	2018
6	Sleep apnea in Machado-Joseph disease: a clinical and polysomnographic evaluation. ( 29852360 )	Folha Santos F.A....Pedroso J.L.	2018
7	Alterations of IGF-1, complement C3 and superoxide dismutase in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome. ( 29441807 )	Wang X....Li T.	2018
8	Decrease of Plasma Soluble (Pro)renin Receptor by Bariatric Surgery in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Morbid Obesity. ( 29649379 )	Nishijima T....Sakurai S.	2018
9	Prevalence, Risk Factors, Outcomes, and Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Patients with Cerebrovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. ( 29555400 )	Dong R....Du J.	2018
10	Risk of gallstones in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a nationwide observational cohort study. ( 29980983 )	Chen C.H....Kao C.H.	2018
11	Microstructural cerebral lesions are associated with the severity of central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes-respiration in heart failure and are modified by PAP-therapy. ( 29102807 )	Heidbreder A....Duning T.	2018
12	Association between obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidities with periodontal disease in adults. ( 29962700 )	Latorre C....Otero L.	2018
13	Forestier syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea: Surgical treatment. ( 29366867 )	Ribeiro D.K....Freitas G.S.	2018
14	Axon and Schwann cell degeneration in nerves of upper airway relates to pharyngeal dysfunction in snorers and sleep apnea patients. ( 29966666 )	Shah F....StAYl P.	2018
15	Incidence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a retrospective population-based cohort analysis. ( 29957857 )	Wertenteil S....Garg A.	2018
16	Prevalence and characteristics of positional sleep apnea in the HypnoLaus population-based cohort. ( 29957486 )	Heinzer R....Haba-Rubio J.	2018
17	A Modified Definition for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Home Sleep Apnea Testing after Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack. ( 29428326 )	Patel N....Boulos M.I.	2018
18	Classification methods to detect sleep apnea in adults based on respiratory and oximetry signals: a systematic review. ( 29446755 )	Uddin M.B....Su S.W.	2018
19	Lithuanian dentists' knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practices regarding obstructive sleep apnea: A nationwide cross-sectional study. ( 29431599 )	Jokubauskas L....BaltruA!aitytA9 A.	2018
20	Correlates and Consequences Central Sleep Apnea in a National Sample of U.S. Veterans. ( 29608761 )	Ratz D....Chowdhuri S.	2018
21	Intermittent hypoxia promotes melanoma lung metastasis via oxidative stress and inflammation responses in a mouse model of obstructive sleep apnea. ( 29433520 )	Li L....Cao J.	2018
22	Application of 3C insulin pump system in combination with non-invasive ventilation in the treatment of a patient with type 2 diabetes and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. ( 28429854 )	Dong P....Zhang C.	2018
23	Sleep Apnea Is a Risk Factor for Stroke and Vascular Dementia. ( 29938308 )	Culebras A....Anwar S.	2018
24	Evaluation of a Multichannel Non-Contact ECG System and Signal Quality Algorithms for Sleep Apnea Detection and Monitoring. ( 29438344 )	Castro I.d....Van Hoof C.	2018
25	Red cell distribution width and uric acid in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. ( 28296212 )	Sunnetcioglu A....YA+ldA+z H.	2018
26	Central Sleep Apnea - a Rare Cause for Acute Respiratory Insufficiency in Children. Case Report. ( 29868143 )	Popescu N.A....Balgradean M.	2018
27	The effect of positive and negative message framing on short term continuous positive airway pressure compliance in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. ( 29445540 )	Pengo M.F....Steier J.	2018
28	Certification of fitness to drive in sleep apnea patients: Are we doing the right thing? ( 29962011 )	Grote L....Hedner J.	2018
29	Association between obstructive sleep apnea and alcohol, caffeine and tobacco: a meta-analysis. ( 29971810 )	Taveira K.V.M....Porporatti A.L.	2018
30	Correlations between pediatric obstructive sleep apnea and longitudinal growth. ( 29447889 )	Park D.Y....Kim H.J.	2018
31	Cycle length identifies obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. ( 29637409 )	Bitter T....Oldenburg O.	2018
32	Pericardial Effusion in Obstructive Sleep Apnea without Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension and Daily Hypoxemia - is it Unusual? ( 29808980 )	Manov E.I....Georgiev O.B.	2018
33	MiR-664a-3p expression in patients with obstructive sleep apnea: A potential marker of atherosclerosis. ( 29419680 )	Li K....Wei Y.	2018
34	Comorbid insomnia and sleep apnea in Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder. ( 29330769 )	El-Solh A.A....Kufel T.	2018
35	Transvenous phrenic nerve stimulation, a novel therapeutic approach for central sleep apnea. ( 29707357 )	Ding N....Zhang X.	2018
36	IGF-1-based screening reveals a low prevalence of acromegaly in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. ( 29388045 )	Heinrich D.A....Schneider H.J.	2018
37	Natural history of treatment-emergent central sleep apnea on positive airway pressure: A systematic review. ( 29675059 )	Nigam G....Camacho M.	2018
38	Sustained 12 Month Benefit of Phrenic Nerve Stimulation for Central Sleep Apnea. ( 29735217 )	Costanzo M.R....Abraham W.T.	2018
39	Pre- and post-operative evaluation of the frequency of nocturnal enuresis and Modified Pediatric Epworth Scale in pediatric obstructive sleep apnea patients. ( 29447815 )	Kaya K.S....CoA9kun B.U.	2018
40	Increasing cerebral blood flow reduces the severity of central sleep apnea at high altitude. ( 29389246 )	Burgess K.R....Ainslie P.	2018
41	Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea is Associated with Alterations in the Nasal Microbiome and Increase in Inflammation. ( 29969291 )	Wu B.G....Segal L.N.	2018
42	Correction to: Obstructive sleep apnea does not impair cardiorespiratory responses to progressive exercise performed until exhaustion in hypertensive elderly. ( 29442289 )	Barbosa B.T....do Socorro Brasileiro-Santos M.	2018
43	Improvement of Neuropathy Symptoms With Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Patient With Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. ( 29246265 )	Polat P....Bagai K.	2018
44	Kinesthetic stimulation for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: An &quot;on-off&quot; proof of concept trial. ( 29449609 )	HernA!ndez A.I....PAcpin J.L.	2018
45	Hepcidin, soluble transferrin receptor and IL-6 levels in obese children and adolescents with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance and their association with obstructive sleep apnea. ( 29305826 )	Shalitin S....Tauman R.	2018
46	Gender differences in clinical and polysomnographic features of obstructive sleep apnea: a clinical study of 2827 patients. ( 28197893 )	Basoglu O.K....Tasbakan M.S.	2018
47	Opioids for Acute Pain Management in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review. ( 29958218 )	Cozowicz C....Memtsoudis S.G.	2018
48	Utility of bispectrum in the screening of pediatric sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome using oximetry recordings. ( 29428066 )	Vaquerizo-Villar F....Hornero R.	2018
49	Oximetry use in obstructive sleep apnea. ( 29972344 )	Del Campo F....A8lvarez D.	2018
50	Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on liver enzymes in obstructive sleep apnea: A meta-analysis. ( 27614004 )	Chen L.D....Liu J.N.	2018

Sources

Genes for Sleep Apnea

Genes related to Sleep Apnea (1 elite genes):

(show all 23)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	AHDC1	AT-Hook DNA Binding Motif Containing 1	Protein Coding	431.69	Pathogenic ⁶ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Variants (show sections)
2	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	25.26	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	LEP	Leptin	Protein Coding	25.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	IL6	Interleukin 6	Protein Coding	24.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	HCRT	Hypocretin Neuropeptide Precursor	Protein Coding	24.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	TNF	Tumor Necrosis Factor	Protein Coding	24.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	ADIPOQ	Adiponectin, C1Q And Collagen Domain Containing	Protein Coding	24.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	INS	Insulin	Protein Coding	23.98	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
9	EDN1	Endothelin 1	Protein Coding	23.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
10	REN	Renin	Protein Coding	23.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
11	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	23.25	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
12	HTR2A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A	Protein Coding	23.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
13	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	23.04	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
14	APOE	Apolipoprotein E	Protein Coding	22.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
15	NPPB	Natriuretic Peptide B	Protein Coding	22.62	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
16	ICAM1	Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1	Protein Coding	22.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
17	NOS3	Nitric Oxide Synthase 3	Protein Coding	22.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
18	CXCL8	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 8	Protein Coding	22.45	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
19	GHRL	Ghrelin And Obestatin Prepropeptide	Protein Coding	22.38	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
20	LEPR	Leptin Receptor	Protein Coding	22.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
21	S100B	S100 Calcium Binding Protein B	Protein Coding	12.27	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
22	CHI3L1	Chitinase 3 Like 1	Protein Coding	12.2	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
23	VEGFA	Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A	Protein Coding	12.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Sleep Apnea

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Sleep Apnea:

⁶

#	Gene	Variation	Type	Significance	SNP ID	Assembly	Location
1	AHDC1	NM_001029882.3(AHDC1): c.2373_2374delTG (p.Cys791Trpfs)	deletion	Pathogenic	rs587779766	GRCh37	Chromosome 1, 27876253: 27876254
2	AHDC1	NM_001029882.3(AHDC1): c.2373_2374delTG (p.Cys791Trpfs)	deletion	Pathogenic	rs587779766	GRCh38	Chromosome 1, 27549742: 27549743
3	AHDC1	NM_001029882.3(AHDC1): c.2898delC (p.Tyr967Thrfs)	deletion	Pathogenic	rs587779767	GRCh37	Chromosome 1, 27875729: 27875729
4	AHDC1	NM_001029882.3(AHDC1): c.2898delC (p.Tyr967Thrfs)	deletion	Pathogenic	rs587779767	GRCh38	Chromosome 1, 27549218: 27549218
5	AHDC1	NM_001029882.3(AHDC1): c.2547delC (p.Ser850Profs)	deletion	Pathogenic	rs587779768	GRCh37	Chromosome 1, 27876080: 27876080
6	AHDC1	NM_001029882.3(AHDC1): c.2547delC (p.Ser850Profs)	deletion	Pathogenic	rs587779768	GRCh38	Chromosome 1, 27549569: 27549569
7		46;XX;t(2;11)(q11.2;p13)dn	Translocation	Pathogenic
8	MT-CO3	NC_012920.1: m.9355A> T	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance		GRCh37	Chromosome MT, 9355: 9355
9	MT-CO3	NC_012920.1: m.9355A> T	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance		GRCh38	Chromosome MT, 9355: 9355

Sources

Expression for Sleep Apnea

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Sleep Apnea.

Sources

Pathways for Sleep Apnea

Pathways related to Sleep Apnea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 40)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Signaling by GPCR ⁶⁶ Show member pathways GPCR downstream signaling ⁶⁶ Signal Transduction ⁶⁶	14.17	APOE CXCL8 EDN1 GHRL HCRT HTR2A
2	Respiratory electron transport, ATP synthesis by chemiosmotic coupling, and heat production by uncoupling proteins. ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Alzheimer's disease ³⁷ Alzheimers Disease ¹ Complex I biogenesis ⁶⁶ Electron Transport Chain ¹ Formation of ATP by chemiosmotic coupling ⁶⁶ Huntington's disease ³⁷ Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) ³⁷ Oxidative phosphorylation ³⁷ Oxidative phosphorylation ¹ Parkinson's disease ³⁷ Respiratory electron transport ⁶⁶ The citric acid (TCA) cycle and respiratory electron transport ⁶⁶ Thermogenesis ³⁷	13.54	ADIPOQ APOE CXCL8 IL6 INS LEP
3	Regulation of IFNA signaling ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Cytokine Network ⁶⁴ Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway ²² Interferon alpha/beta signaling ⁶⁶ Interleukin-19, 20, 22, 24 ⁶⁶ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Jak-STAT signaling pathway ³⁷	12.61	CXCL8 IL6 LEP LEPR TNF
4	AMP-activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling ¹ Show member pathways AMPK signaling pathway ³⁷ AMPK Signaling Pathway ⁶⁷	12.4	ADIPOQ IGF1 INS LEP LEPR
5	Circadian rythm related genes ¹	12.29	ADIPOQ GHRL IL6 LEP
6	Folate Metabolism ¹ Show member pathways Selenium Micronutrient Network ¹ thioredoxin pathway ¹ Vitamin B12 Metabolism ¹	12.24	APOE CRP ICAM1 IL6 INS TNF
7	IL-1 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Immune response IL-1 signaling pathway ²² Mucin expression in CF via TLRs, EGFR signaling pathways ²²	12.2	CXCL8 EDN1 IL6 TNF
8	Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) ³⁷ Show member pathways Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) ³⁷	12.19	ACE IGF1 IL6 TNF
9	Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways ¹	12.16	CXCL8 HTR2A IL6 TNF
10	MicroRNAs in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy ¹ Show member pathways Cardiac Hypertrophic Response ¹	12.13	EDN1 IGF1 NPPB TNF
11	Peptide hormone metabolism ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Glycoprotein hormones ⁶⁶ Insulin processing ⁶⁶ Metabolism of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensins ⁶⁶ Peptide hormone biosynthesis ⁶⁶ Synthesis, secretion, and deacylation of Ghrelin ⁶⁶	12.11	ACE GHRL IGF1 INS LEP REN
12	Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis ³⁷	12.07	EDN1 ICAM1 NOS3 TNF
13	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁶	11.96	CXCL8 ICAM1 IL6 TNF
14	Spinal Cord Injury ¹	11.95	CXCL8 ICAM1 IL6 LEP TNF
15	Insulin resistance ³⁷ Show member pathways protein O-[N-acetyl]-glucosylation ¹	11.93	IL6 INS NOS3 TNF
16	TNF signaling pathway ³⁷	11.91	EDN1 ICAM1 IL6 TNF
17	Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer ¹	11.89	CXCL8 IGF1 IL6 INS
18	HIF-1 signaling pathway ³⁷	11.85	EDN1 IGF1 IL6 INS NOS3
19	Rheumatoid arthritis ³⁷	11.81	CXCL8 ICAM1 IL6 TNF
20	Glucocorticoid receptor regulatory network ¹	11.77	CXCL8 ICAM1 IL6
21	Agents Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶¹ Show member pathways ACE Inhibitor Pathway ¹ ACE Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶¹ Renin-angiotensin system ³⁷	11.75	ACE NOS3 REN
22	Pertussis ³⁷	11.73	CXCL8 IL6 TNF
23

Sleep Apnea

Aliases & Classifications for Sleep Apnea

MalaCards integrated aliases for Sleep Apnea:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Sleep Apnea

Related Diseases for Sleep Apnea

Diseases in the Sleep Apnea family:

Diseases related to Sleep Apnea via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Comorbidity relations with Sleep Apnea via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Sleep Apnea:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Sleep Apnea

UMLS symptoms related to Sleep Apnea:

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Sleep Apnea:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Sleep Apnea

PubMedHealth treatment related to Sleep Apnea: 63

FDA approved drugs:

Drugs for Sleep Apnea (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Interventional clinical trials:

Genetic Tests for Sleep Apnea

Genetic tests related to Sleep Apnea:

Anatomical Context for Sleep Apnea

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Sleep Apnea:

Publications for Sleep Apnea

Articles related to Sleep Apnea:

Genes for Sleep Apnea

Genes related to Sleep Apnea (1 elite genes):

Variations for Sleep Apnea

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Sleep Apnea:

Expression for Sleep Apnea

Pathways for Sleep Apnea

Pathways related to Sleep Apnea according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

PubMedHealth treatment related to Sleep Apnea: ⁶³