Sodoku Disease disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

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Aliases & Classifications for Sodoku Disease

MalaCards integrated aliases for Sodoku Disease:

Name: Sodoku Disease ¹² ¹⁵

Spirillosis ¹² ⁷¹ ³²

Rat-Bite Fever ⁴³ ¹⁷

Spirillary Fever ¹²

Sodoku ⁷¹

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Infectious diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Certain infectious and parasitic diseases

Certain zoonotic bacterial diseases

Rat-bite fevers

Spirillosis

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:12096

ICD9CM ³⁴ 026.0

MeSH ⁴³ D011906

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 19044004

ICD10 ³² A25.0

EFO ¹⁷ EFO_1001144

UMLS ⁷¹ C0152062 C0494042

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Summaries for Sodoku Disease

Disease Ontology : ¹² A primary bacterial infectious disease that results in infection, has material basis in Spirillum minus, which is transmitted by contact with urine or secretions from the mouth, eye, or nose of an infected animal or transmitted by bite of an infected animal, especially rat. The infection has symptom chills, has symptom relapsing fever, has symptom rash and has symptom joint pain.

MalaCards based summary : Sodoku Disease, also known as spirillosis, is related to haverhill fever and exanthem, and has symptoms including chills, rash and joint pain. An important gene associated with Sodoku Disease is CCL23 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 23), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ERK Signaling and PEDF Induced Signaling. Affiliated tissues include eye and skin, and related phenotypes are fever and vomiting

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Sodoku (鼠毒) is a bacterial zoonotic disease. It is caused by the Gram-negative rod Spirillum minus (also... more...

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Related Diseases for Sodoku Disease

Diseases related to Sodoku Disease via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 64)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	haverhill fever	12.7
2	exanthem	10.7
3	septic arthritis	10.6
4	endocarditis	10.5
5	gingivitis	10.4
6	stachybotrys chartarum	10.3	LIF CCL7
7	osteomyelitis	10.3
8	arthritis	10.3
9	rat bite fever	10.2
10	submucous uterine fibroid	10.2	LIF IL11
11	cerebral meningioma	10.2	OSM LIF
12	rheumatoid arthritis	10.2
13	purpura	10.2
14	spirillary rat-bite fever	10.2
15	qualitative platelet defect	10.1	THPO F7
16	acquired thrombocytopenia	10.1	THPO IL11
17	discitis	10.1
18	liver cirrhosis	10.1
19	back pain	10.1
20	headache	10.1
21	pyomyositis	10.1	MB EPHX2
22	plasmacytoma	10.1	OSM LIF IL11
23	rocky mountain spotted fever	10.0
24	limb ischemia	10.0
25	infective endocarditis	10.0
26	interstitial nephritis	10.0
27	spotted fever	10.0
28	disseminated intravascular coagulation	10.0
29	rabies	10.0
30	tetanus	10.0
31	pyelonephritis	10.0
32	hemopericardium	10.0
33	pericardial effusion	10.0
34	quadriplegia	10.0
35	alcoholic liver cirrhosis	10.0
36	alcohol use disorder	10.0
37	thrombocytopenia	10.0
38	ventricular septal defect	10.0
39	heart septal defect	10.0
40	gastroenteritis	10.0
41	ischemia	10.0
42	arthropathy	10.0
43	reactive arthritis	10.0
44	chronic kidney disease	10.0
45	myocarditis	10.0
46	lymphangitis	10.0
47	serous labyrinthitis	9.9	CCL7 CCL11
48	arthrogryposis, distal, type 1a	9.9	OSM LIF CALB1
49	blood coagulation disease	9.9	THPO IL11 F7
50	blood platelet disease	9.9	THPO IL11 F7

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Sodoku Disease:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Sodoku Disease

Human phenotypes related to Sodoku Disease:

³¹ (show all 29)

#	Description	HPO Frequency	HPO Source Accession
1	fever ³¹	hallmark (90%)	HP:0001945
2	vomiting ³¹	frequent (33%)	HP:0002013
3	arthralgia ³¹	frequent (33%)	HP:0002829
4	morbilliform rash ³¹	frequent (33%)	HP:0012282
5	weight loss ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0001824
6	myalgia ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0003326
7	back pain ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0003418
8	sepsis ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0100806
9	headache ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002315
10	diarrhea ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002014
11	pustule ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0200039
12	septic arthritis ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0003095
13	erythema nodosum ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0012219
14	maculopapular exanthema ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0040186
15	scaling skin ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0040189
16	lymphadenitis ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002840
17	diminished movement ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0002374
18	pharyngitis ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0025439
19	rigors ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0025145
20	oligoarthritis ³¹	occasional (7.5%)	HP:0040313
21	anemia ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0001903
22	pericarditis ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0001701
23	myocarditis ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0012819
24	endocarditis ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0100584
25	meningitis ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0001287
26	pancreatitis ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0001733
27	parotitis ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0011850
28	abdominal aseptic abscess ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0025181
29	tendonitis ³¹	very rare (1%)	HP:0025230

Symptoms:

¹²

• chills
• rash

• joint pain
• relapsing fever

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Sodoku Disease according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶ (show all 11)

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased viability	GR00106-A-0	9.6	XCL1
2	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-2	9.6	EPHA5
3	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-3	9.6	EPHA5
4	Decreased viability	GR00221-A-4	9.6	EPHA5
5	Decreased viability	GR00240-S-1	9.6	LIF
6	Decreased viability	GR00249-S	9.6	F7 LCN2 OSM
7	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-1	9.6	CXCL6 LIF
8	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-2	9.6	LIF
9	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-3	9.6	LIF
10	Decreased viability	GR00386-A-1	9.6	CCL22 KITLG MB THPO
11	Decreased viability	GR00402-S-2	9.6	IL11 LIF THPO

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Sodoku Disease:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	9.73	CCL11 CCL19 CXCL13 CXCL6 EPHA5 KITLG
2	immune system	MP:0005387	9.4	CCL11 CCL19 CCL22 CLU CXCL13 CXCL6

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Sodoku Disease

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Preventing Cognitive and Functional Decline Among Seniors at Risk: A Community-Based Randomized Trial	Recruiting	NCT03495037
2	Preventing Cognitive and Functional Decline Among Seniors at Risk-Effects of Online Training Aimed at Increasing Participation in Everyday Life During a Pandemic.	Recruiting	NCT04439500

Search NIH Clinical Center for Sodoku Disease

Cochrane evidence based reviews: rat-bite fever

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Genetic Tests for Sodoku Disease

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Anatomical Context for Sodoku Disease

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Sodoku Disease:

⁴⁰

Eye, Skin

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Publications for Sodoku Disease

Articles related to Sodoku Disease:

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Gastric spirillosis in beagles. ⁶¹	Henry GA...Charbonneau DL	3592386	1987
2	[Clinical aspects of Sodoku disease]. ⁶¹	Gracheva NM...Rogova GM	4846977	1974
3	[Clinical, bacterioscopic and bacteriologic-histological studies on Gins' spirillosis]. ⁶¹	EICHNER K	13179623	1954
4	[Immobilysins against recurrent spirillosis (Borrelia duttonii)]. ⁶¹	LEVADITI C...HAMELIN A	12986374	1952
5	[Practical experience in the chemotherapy of contagious gingivitis (spirillosis) and of paradentitis]. ⁶¹	MULLER M	14884572	1951
6	[Investigation of spirillosis and its contagiousness]. ⁶¹	ANSPACH K...SAUERWEIN E	24541462	1951
7	[A few notes continuing the discussion on spirillosis]. ⁶¹	GINS HA	14813068	1951
8	[Critical observations on Gins' theory of contagious gingivitis (spirillosis)]. ⁶¹	HARNDT E	14793229	1950
9	[Spirillosis, pyococcosis, or putrescent infection?]. ⁶¹	GINS HA	15421182	1950
10	Fowl Spirillosis. ⁶¹	Reaney MF	29005072	1907

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Genes for Sodoku Disease

Genes related to Sodoku Disease (0 elite genes):

(show all 20)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	CCL23	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 23	Protein Coding	4.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
2	CXCL6	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 6	Protein Coding	4.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	EPHA5	EPH Receptor A5	Protein Coding	4.43	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	XCL1	X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 1	Protein Coding	4.29	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	EPHX2	Epoxide Hydrolase 2	Protein Coding	4.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	OSM	Oncostatin M	Protein Coding	3.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	CALB1	Calbindin 1	Protein Coding	3.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	CCL19	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 19	Protein Coding	3.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	CCL7	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 7	Protein Coding	3.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	LIF	LIF Interleukin 6 Family Cytokine	Protein Coding	3.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	CCL22	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 22	Protein Coding	3.65	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	IL11	Interleukin 11	Protein Coding	3.61	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	THPO	Thrombopoietin	Protein Coding	3.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	CXCL13	C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 13	Protein Coding	3.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	F7	Coagulation Factor VII	Protein Coding	3.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	CLU	Clusterin	Protein Coding	3.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
17	CCL11	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11	Protein Coding	3.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
18	MB	Myoglobin	Protein Coding	3.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
19	LCN2	Lipocalin 2	Protein Coding	3.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
20	KITLG	KIT Ligand	Protein Coding	3.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Sodoku Disease

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Expression for Sodoku Disease

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Sodoku Disease.

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Pathways for Sodoku Disease

Pathways related to Sodoku Disease according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 19)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ERK Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶³ MAPK Signaling ⁶³ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶³ Rho Family GTPases ⁶³	13.65	THPO OSM LIF KITLG IL11 EPHA5
2	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶³ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁶ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶³ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶³ IL-6 Pathway ⁶³ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶³ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶³ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶³ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶³ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶³ STAT3 Pathway ⁶³	13.48	XCL1 THPO OSM LIF IL11 EPHA5
3	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶³ JNK Pathway ⁶³ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶³ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶³ SOCS Pathway ⁶³	13.37	THPO KITLG IL11 EPHA5 CCL7 CCL23
4	Integrin Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways FAK1 Signaling ⁶³ GnRH Signaling ⁶³ Inhibition of Angiogenesis by TSP1 ⁶³ Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes ⁶³ UPA-UPAR Pathway ⁶³	13.25	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁵	13.17	OSM LIF LCN2 KITLG IL11 CCL22
6	PAK Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶³ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶³	13.1	THPO OSM LIF KITLG IL11 CXCL6
7	Akt Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶³ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶³	12.92	THPO OSM LIF KITLG IL11 EPHA5
8	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages ⁶³ Show member pathways Androgen Signaling ⁶³ Chemokine Signaling ⁶³ Chemokine signaling pathway ³⁶	12.76	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
9	JAK-STAT signaling pathway ³⁶ Show member pathways B-Cell Development ⁶³ IL-7 Signaling and its Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types ⁶⁴ Interleukin-19, 20, 22, 24 ⁶⁵ Jak/STAT Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Type III interferon signaling ¹	12.28	THPO OSM LIF IL11
10	IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways ⁶⁴ Show member pathways IL17 signaling pathway ¹ IL-17 signaling pathway ³⁶ Interleukin-17 signaling ⁶⁵ Mucin expression in CF via IL-6, IL-17 signaling pathways ²²	12.18	LCN2 CXCL6 CCL7 CCL11
11	Chemokine Superfamily: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁵ Viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptor ³⁶	12.09	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
12	Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁴	11.92	THPO LIF KITLG IL11
13	Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling ⁶⁵	11.89	OSM LIF LCN2 CCL22 CCL11
14	Hematopoietic Stem Cells and Lineage-specific Markers ⁶⁴	11.81	THPO KITLG IL11
15	Hematopoietic cell lineage ³⁶	11.73	THPO KITLG IL11
16	Interleukin-6 family signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways IL-6-type cytokine receptor ligand interactions ⁶⁵ Interleukin-6 signaling ⁶⁵	11.48	OSM LIF IL11
17	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁵	11.39	LIF CCL22 CCL19
18	Immune response_Oncostatin M signaling via JAK-Stat in human cells ²²	10.85	OSM CCL11
19	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²²	10.34	THPO OSM LIF KITLG IL11 EPHA5

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GO Terms for Sodoku Disease

Cellular components related to Sodoku Disease according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.86	XCL1 THPO OSM LIF LCN2 KITLG
2	cell	GO:0005623	9.76	XCL1 LCN2 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL19
3	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.53	XCL1 THPO OSM LIF LCN2 KITLG

Biological processes related to Sodoku Disease according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 33)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	signal transduction	GO:0007165	10.3	XCL1 THPO KITLG IL11 CXCL6 CXCL13
2	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.21	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
3	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	10.11	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
4	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	10.07	OSM LIF LCN2 IL11 CCL22 CCL19
5	immune response	GO:0006955	10.07	XCL1 OSM LIF CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7
6	positive regulation of GTPase activity	GO:0043547	10.05	XCL1 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19 CCL11
7	positive regulation of cell proliferation	GO:0008284	10.04	THPO OSM LIF KITLG IL11
8	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	10.04	XCL1 THPO CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19
9	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	10.02	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
10	positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling	GO:0051897	9.98	THPO OSM KITLG F7 CCL19
11	cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	GO:0071356	9.98	XCL1 LCN2 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19
12	response to virus	GO:0009615	9.95	XCL1 LCN2 CLU CCL22 CCL19 CCL11
13	cellular response to interferon-gamma	GO:0071346	9.93	XCL1 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19 CCL11
14	positive regulation of MAPK cascade	GO:0043410	9.92	THPO OSM LIF IL11
15	cellular calcium ion homeostasis	GO:0006874	9.91	CCL7 CCL23 CCL19 CCL11
16	positive regulation of peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation	GO:0050731	9.9	OSM LIF KITLG IL11
17	cell chemotaxis	GO:0060326	9.89	CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL22 CCL19
18	monocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002548	9.88	XCL1 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19 CCL11
19	cellular response to interleukin-1	GO:0071347	9.87	XCL1 LCN2 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19
20	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	9.86	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
21	eosinophil chemotaxis	GO:0048245	9.84	XCL1 CCL7 CCL23 CCL11
22	positive regulation of peptidyl-serine phosphorylation	GO:0033138	9.81	OSM LIF IL11
23	negative regulation of hormone secretion	GO:0046888	9.74	OSM LIF IL11
24	positive regulation of receptor-mediated endocytosis	GO:0048260	9.66	CLU CCL19
25	leukocyte chemotaxis	GO:0030595	9.65	CXCL6 CXCL13
26	positive regulation of T cell chemotaxis	GO:0010820	9.65	XCL1 CXCL13
27	positive regulation of leukocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002690	9.65	XCL1 F7
28	chronic inflammatory response	GO:0002544	9.63	CXCL13 CCL11
29	positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis	GO:2000503	9.63	XCL1 CCL7
30	lymphocyte chemotaxis	GO:0048247	9.63	XCL1 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19 CCL11
31	positive regulation of hematopoietic stem cell proliferation	GO:1902035	9.62	THPO KITLG
32	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	9.56	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
33	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.23	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22

Molecular functions related to Sodoku Disease according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	heparin binding	GO:0008201	9.71	CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23
2	growth factor activity	GO:0008083	9.65	THPO OSM LIF KITLG IL11
3	CCR chemokine receptor binding	GO:0048020	9.63	XCL1 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22 CCL19 CCL11
4	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.56	XCL1 CXCL6 CXCL13 CCL7 CCL23 CCL22
5	CXCR chemokine receptor binding	GO:0045236	9.46	CXCL6 CXCL13
6	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.44	XCL1 THPO OSM LIF KITLG IL11
7	chemokine receptor binding	GO:0042379	9.43	XCL1 CCL19
8	CCR1 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031726	9.37	CCL7 CCL23
9	CCR10 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031735	9.32	CXCL13 CCL19

Sources

Sources for Sodoku Disease

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia