Soft Palate Cancer disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: SFT002 MIFTS: 34	Soft Palate Cancer Categories: Cancer diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Oral diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Soft Palate Cancer

MalaCards integrated aliases for Soft Palate Cancer:

Name: Soft Palate Cancer ¹² ¹⁵

Malignant Tumor of the Soft Palate ¹²

Malignant Tumor of Soft Palate ¹²

Palate Cancer Soft Palate ⁷¹

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases Oral diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³²

Neoplasms

Malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity and pharynx

Malignant neoplasm of palate

Malignant neoplasm: Soft palate

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:8578

ICD9CM ³⁴ 145.3

NCIt ⁴⁹ C3529

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 94049001

ICD10 ³² C05.1

UMLS ⁷¹ C0153376 C0747152

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Summaries for Soft Palate Cancer

MalaCards based summary : Soft Palate Cancer, also known as malignant tumor of the soft palate, is related to chronic cervicitis and cervicitis. An important gene associated with Soft Palate Cancer is CDKN2A (Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ERK Signaling and GPCR Pathway. The drugs Motexafin gadolinium and Dermatologic Agents have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include tonsil, eye and uterus, and related phenotypes are Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2) and Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)

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Related Diseases for Soft Palate Cancer

Diseases related to Soft Palate Cancer via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 16)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	chronic cervicitis	10.3	GP6 CDKN2A
2	cervicitis	10.2	GP6 CDKN2A
3	uterus carcinoma in situ	10.2	GP6 CDKN2A
4	cervix uteri carcinoma in situ	10.2	GP6 CDKN2A
5	anus cancer	10.1	GP6 CDKN2A
6	bilateral retinoblastoma	10.0	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6
7	nerve compression syndrome	9.9	IGF1 B2M
8	anogenital venereal wart	9.9	GP6 CDKN2A
9	glomus tumor	9.9
10	osteogenic sarcoma	9.0	IGF1 E2F5 E2F4 E2F1 CDKN2A
11	familial retinoblastoma	8.5	E2F8 E2F7 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2
12	retinoblastoma	8.5	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
13	glioblastoma multiforme	8.3	IGF1 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
14	retinal cancer	7.8	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
15	ocular cancer	7.8	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
16	eye disease	7.4	IGF1 E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Soft Palate Cancer:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Soft Palate Cancer

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Soft Palate Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶ (show all 18)

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-104	9.72	E2F1 E2F3 IGF1 MTFMT
2	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-116	9.72	E2F1
3	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-119	9.72	E2F3
4	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-130	9.72	E2F1
5	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-134	9.72	IGF1
6	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-139	9.72	E2F1 E2F3 IGF1 MTFMT
7	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-153	9.72	IGF1
8	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-179	9.72	E2F3
9	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-193	9.72	IGF1
10	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-195	9.72	E2F1 E2F3
11	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-204	9.72	E2F3
12	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-209	9.72	E2F1
13	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-213	9.72	IGF1
14	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-34	9.72	IGF1
15	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-48	9.72	E2F1
16	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-61	9.72	E2F3
17	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-64	9.72	MTFMT
18	Decreased shRNA abundance (Z-score < -2)	GR00366-A-84	9.72	IGF1

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Soft Palate Cancer:

⁴⁵ (show all 12)

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cellular	MP:0005384	10.27	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 E2F4
2	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.17	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 E2F4
3	cardiovascular system	MP:0005385	10.16	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F3 E2F4 E2F5
4	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	10.13	ACLY B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F3
5	endocrine/exocrine gland	MP:0005379	10.11	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 E2F4
6	immune system	MP:0005387	10.11	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 E2F4
7	hematopoietic system	MP:0005397	10.1	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F4 E2F6
8	embryo	MP:0005380	10.02	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F3 E2F4 E2F7
9	integument	MP:0010771	10.02	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 E2F4
10	normal	MP:0002873	9.81	E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 E2F4 E2F6 E2F7
11	reproductive system	MP:0005389	9.61	B2M CDKN2A E2F1 E2F3 E2F4 E2F5
12	respiratory system	MP:0005388	9.28	CDKN2A E2F1 E2F2 E2F3 E2F4 E2F7

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Soft Palate Cancer

Drugs for Soft Palate Cancer (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Motexafin gadolinium

Investigational

Phase 1

246252-06-2, 156436-89-4

12047567

Synonyms:

156436-89-4

D05080

gadolinium diacetate (1Z,7Z,12E,20E)-4,5-diethyl-9,24-bis(3-hydroxypropyl)-16,17-bis{2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}-10,23-dimethyl-13,20,25,26,27-pentaazapentacyclo[20.2.1.13,6.18,11.014,19]heptacosa-1,3,5,7,9,11(26),12,14,16,18,20,22(25),23-tridecaen-27-ide

Gadolinium texaphyrin

GdT2B2

GD-Tex

Motexafin gadolinium

Motexafin gadolinium (USAN)

PCI-0120

Xcytrin

Xcytrin (TN)

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 1

Photosensitizing Agents

Phase 1

Interventional clinical trials:

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	A Randomized Trial Comparing Preservation of Function Status After Either Medpulser Electroporation With Intratumoral Bleomycin Therapy or Surgery in Patients With Locally Recurrent or Second Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Anterior Oral Cavity, Soft Palate, or Tonsil That Have Failed Primary Curative Therapy	Withdrawn	NCT00198315	Phase 3
2	Phase I Trial of Motexafin Gadolinium and Chemoradiation in Locally Advanced, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck	Terminated	NCT00080028	Phase 1	Motexafin Gadolinium Injection

Search NIH Clinical Center for Soft Palate Cancer

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Genetic Tests for Soft Palate Cancer

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Anatomical Context for Soft Palate Cancer

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Soft Palate Cancer:

⁴⁰

Tonsil, Eye, Uterus, Cervix

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Publications for Soft Palate Cancer

Articles related to Soft Palate Cancer:

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Gene mutations in the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA in oral squamous cell carcinoma. ⁶¹	Yuan RT...Jia MY	25625701	2015
2	Modified folding radial forearm flap in soft palate and tonsillar fossa reconstruction. ⁶¹	Kang HG...Lee IJ	23524714	2013
3	Cardiac metastasis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. ⁶¹	Nagata S...Shinohara M	22921451	2012
4	Advanced soft palate cancer: the clinical importance of the parapharyngeal space. ⁶¹	Douglas WG...Hicks WL	16025055	2005
5	[A patient showing increased T3 and T4 levels due to ALP-interfering substances and heterophilic antibody]. ⁶¹	Kawakita S	8911078	1996
6	Interstitial and external radiotherapy in carcinoma of the soft palate and uvula. ⁶¹	Esche BA...Chassagne D	3138213	1988
7	[Induced hypertension chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in 44 advanced cancer patients]. ⁶¹	Kitahara T...Sato H	3747162	1986
8	[Surgical diathermy treatment of buccopharyngeal tumors]. ⁶¹	Pinel J...Brami S	7137778	1982

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Genes for Soft Palate Cancer

Genes related to Soft Palate Cancer (0 elite genes):

(show all 16)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	CDKN2A	Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 2A	Protein Coding	5.03	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
2	MTFMT	Mitochondrial Methionyl-TRNA Formyltransferase	Protein Coding	4.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	B2M	Beta-2-Microglobulin	Protein Coding	4.48	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	GP6	Glycoprotein VI Platelet	Protein Coding	4.19	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	LAX1	Lymphocyte Transmembrane Adaptor 1	Protein Coding	4.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	E2F8	E2F Transcription Factor 8	Protein Coding	4.15	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	E2F7	E2F Transcription Factor 7	Protein Coding	4.14	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	ACLY	ATP Citrate Lyase	Protein Coding	4.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
9	E2F6	E2F Transcription Factor 6	Protein Coding	4.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
10	E2F5	E2F Transcription Factor 5	Protein Coding	4.06	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
11	E2F2	E2F Transcription Factor 2	Protein Coding	3.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
12	E2F4	E2F Transcription Factor 4	Protein Coding	3.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
13	IGF1	Insulin Like Growth Factor 1	Protein Coding	3.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
14	E2F1	E2F Transcription Factor 1	Protein Coding	3.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
15	E2F3	E2F Transcription Factor 3	Protein Coding	3.79	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
16	TNFRSF4	TNF Receptor Superfamily Member 4	Protein Coding	3.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Soft Palate Cancer

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Expression for Soft Palate Cancer

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Soft Palate Cancer.

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Pathways for Soft Palate Cancer

Pathways related to Soft Palate Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 32)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ERK Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways ILK Signaling ⁶³ MAPK Signaling ⁶³ Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer ⁶³ Rho Family GTPases ⁶³	13.7	TNFRSF4 IGF1 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2
2	GPCR Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Breast Cancer Regulation by Stathmin1 ⁶³ Estrogen Pathway ⁶³ NFAT in Immune Response ⁶³ P2Y Receptor Signaling ⁶³ Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ⁶³ Paxillin Interactions ⁶³ Ras Pathway ⁶³	13.56	IGF1 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
3	Cell Cycle, Mitotic ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Cell Cycle ⁶⁵ M Phase ⁶⁵	13.29	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
4	IL-2 Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways ErbB Family Pathway ⁶³ ErbB2-ErbB3 Heterodimers ⁶³ ErbB4 Pathway ⁶³ Growth Hormone Signaling ⁶³ HMGB1 Pathway ⁶³ IL-4 Pathway ⁶³ LPS Stimulated MAPK Signaling ⁶³ PACAP Signaling ⁶³ PI3K Signaling in B-Lymphocyte ⁶³ Prolactin Signaling ⁶³ Thrombopoietin Pathway ⁶³ TREM1 Pathway ⁶³ UVC-Induced MAPK Signaling ⁶³	13.09	IGF1 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
5	Human cytomegalovirus infection ³⁶ Show member pathways Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection ³⁶ Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection ³⁶	12.8	E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A B2M
6	Endometrial cancer ³⁶ Show member pathways Acute myeloid leukemia ³⁶ Binding of TCF/LEF-CTNNB1 to target gene promoters ⁶⁵ Chronic myeloid leukemia ³⁶ Colorectal cancer ³⁶ Pancreatic cancer ³⁶ Prostate cancer ³⁶ Signal transduction PTEN pathway ²² Thyroid cancer ³⁶	12.73	IGF1 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
7	Pathways in cancer ³⁶	12.7	IGF1 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
8	Gastric cancer ³⁶ Show member pathways Breast cancer ³⁶ Hepatocellular carcinoma ³⁶	12.63	IGF1 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
9	Chks in Checkpoint Regulation ⁶³ Show member pathways DNA Repair Mechanisms ⁶³ Estrogen-mediated S-Phase Entry ⁶³ G2-M Phase Transition ⁶³ Parkinson's Disease Pathway ⁶³ SREBP Proteolysis ⁶³	12.62	IGF1 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
10	Glioma ³⁶ Show member pathways Endocrine resistance ³⁶ Melanoma ³⁶ Non-small cell lung cancer ³⁶ Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma ¹	12.55	IGF1 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
11	Mitotic G1-G1/S phases ⁶⁵ Show member pathways G1 to S cell cycle control ¹ G1/S Transition ⁶⁵	12.47	E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
12	MicroRNAs in cancer ³⁶	12.41	E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
13	Human Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency ⁶³ Show member pathways Factors Promoting Cardiogenesis in Vertebrates ⁶³	12.39	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
14	Cyclins and Cell Cycle Regulation ⁶³ Show member pathways Cell Cycle Control by BTG Proteins ⁶³ Cyclin D associated events in G1 ⁶⁵ G1 Phase ⁶⁵ G1-S Phase Transition ⁶³ Phosphorylation of proteins involved in G1/S transition by active Cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes ⁶⁵	12.28	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
15	Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection ³⁶	12.26	E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A B2M
16	Cell cycle ¹ ³⁶	12.23	E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
17	p53 Signaling ⁶³ Show member pathways p53 Pathway ⁶⁶	12.17	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
18	Cell cycle Role of SCF complex in cell cycle regulation ²² Show member pathways Cell cycle ESR1 regulation of G1/S transition ²² Cell cycle Regulation of G1/S transition (part 1) ²² Immune response MIF-JAB1 signaling ²²	12.08	E2F4 E2F1 CDKN2A
19	Cellular senescence (KEGG) ³⁶	12.05	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
20	Adipogenesis ¹	11.93	IGF1 E2F4 E2F1
21	Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer ¹	11.83	IGF1 E2F1 CDKN2A
22	TP53 Regulates Transcription of Cell Cycle Genes ⁶⁵ Show member pathways TP53 regulates transcription of additional cell cycle genes whose exact role in the p53 pathway remain uncertain ⁶⁵ TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G1 Cell Cycle Arrest ⁶⁵ TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G2 Cell Cycle Arrest ⁶⁵	11.8	E2F7 E2F4 E2F1
23	BRCA1 Pathway ⁶³ Show member pathways Fanconi's Anaemia Pathway ⁶³	11.75	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
24	Small cell lung cancer ³⁶	11.74	E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
25	Retinoblastoma (RB) in Cancer ¹	11.71	E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
26	Bladder cancer ³⁶ ¹	11.67	E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
27	Cell cycle Cell cycle (generic schema) ²² Show member pathways Cell cycle Regulation of G1/S transition (part 2) ²² G0 and Early G1 ⁶⁵ G2 Phase ⁶⁵	11.56	E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
28	Glioblastoma Multiforme ⁶³	11.55	IGF1 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
29	Oncogene Induced Senescence ⁶⁵	11.28	E2F3 E2F2 E2F1 CDKN2A
30	E2F transcription factor network ¹	11.03	E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2
31	MNAR-PELP1 and Estrogen Receptor Interaction ⁶³	11.02	E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
32	Inhibition of Ribosome Biogenesis by p14(ARF) ⁶³	10.98	E2F1 CDKN2A

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GO Terms for Soft Palate Cancer

Cellular components related to Soft Palate Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nucleoplasm	GO:0005654	9.96	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
2	nuclear chromatin	GO:0000790	9.76	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
3	transcription factor complex	GO:0005667	9.56	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
4	RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex	GO:0090575	9.23	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3

Biological processes related to Soft Palate Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 18)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	regulation of transcription, DNA-templated	GO:0006355	10.03	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
2	negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	GO:0000122	9.86	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
3	cell cycle	GO:0007049	9.76	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2
4	positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II	GO:0045944	9.65	IGF1 E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4
5	DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator resulting in cell cycle arrest	GO:0006977	9.62	E2F8 E2F7 E2F4 E2F1
6	intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by p53 class mediator	GO:0072332	9.58	E2F2 E2F1
7	positive regulation of cellular senescence	GO:2000774	9.57	CDKN2A B2M
8	hepatocyte differentiation	GO:0070365	9.56	E2F8 E2F7
9	trophoblast giant cell differentiation	GO:0060707	9.55	E2F8 E2F7
10	amyloid fibril formation	GO:1990000	9.54	CDKN2A B2M
11	regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	GO:0000083	9.54	E2F6 E2F4 E2F1
12	negative regulation of cytokinesis	GO:0032466	9.52	E2F8 E2F7
13	negative regulation of fat cell proliferation	GO:0070345	9.51	E2F3 E2F1
14	chorionic trophoblast cell differentiation	GO:0060718	9.49	E2F8 E2F7
15	lens fiber cell apoptotic process	GO:1990086	9.48	E2F2 E2F1
16	negative regulation of transcription involved in G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle	GO:0071930	9.46	E2F7 E2F1
17	positive regulation of DNA endoreduplication	GO:0032877	9.4	E2F8 E2F7
18	regulation of cell cycle	GO:0051726	9.23	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3

Molecular functions related to Soft Palate Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	protein binding	GO:0005515	10.33	TNFRSF4 LAX1 IGF1 GP6 E2F8 E2F7
2	DNA binding	GO:0003677	10.06	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
3	DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	GO:0000981	9.97	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
4	DNA-binding transcription factor activity	GO:0003700	9.92	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
5	sequence-specific DNA binding	GO:0043565	9.86	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3
6	RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding	GO:0000977	9.78	E2F7 E2F6 E2F3 E2F2
7	DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific	GO:0001227	9.73	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F1
8	protein dimerization activity	GO:0046983	9.63	E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
9	proximal promoter sequence-specific DNA binding	GO:0000987	9.35	E2F8 E2F7 E2F3 E2F2 E2F1
10	transcription factor binding	GO:0008134	9.28	E2F8 E2F7 E2F6 E2F5 E2F4 E2F3

Sources

Sources for Soft Palate Cancer

¹ BioSystems

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²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

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²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

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²⁷ GEO DataSets

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⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

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⁵⁴ Novoseek

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⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

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⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

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⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

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⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia