Spasticity disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: SPS057 MIFTS: 41	Spasticity Categories: Muscle diseases, Neuronal diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Spasticity

MalaCards integrated aliases for Spasticity:

Name: Spasticity ⁵³ ²⁹ ⁶

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Muscle diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

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Summaries for Spasticity

NINDS : ⁵³ Spasticity is a condition in which there is an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness of muscle, which might interfere with movement, speech, or be associated with discomfort or pain. Spasticity is usually caused by damage to nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement. It may occur in association with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, brain or head trauma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegias, and metabolic diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, phenylketonuria, and Krabbe disease. Symptoms may include hypertonicity (increased muscle tone), clonus (a series of rapid muscle contractions), exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, muscle spasms, scissoring (involuntary crossing of the legs), and fixed joints (contractures). The degree of spasticity varies from mild muscle stiffness to severe, painful, and uncontrollable muscle spasms. Spasticity can interfere with rehabilitation in patients with certain disorders, and often interferes with daily activities.

MalaCards based summary : Spasticity is related to primary lateral sclerosis, adult, 1 and spastic paraplegia 16, x-linked. An important gene associated with Spasticity is KIF7 (Kinesin Family Member 7). The drugs Acetylcholine and Ethanol have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, brain and testes, and related phenotype is nervous system.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Spasticity (from Greek spasmos-, meaning 'drawing, pulling') is a feature of altered skeletal muscle... more...

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Related Diseases for Spasticity

Diseases related to Spasticity via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 46)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	primary lateral sclerosis, adult, 1	10.4	SPG7 SPAST
2	spastic paraplegia 16, x-linked	10.4	WASHC5 SPAST
3	hereditary spastic paraplegia 72	10.4	SPAST REEP1
4	spastic ataxia 2	10.4	REEP1 KIF1A
5	spastic paraplegia 14, autosomal recessive	10.4	WASHC5 SPAST
6	neuropathy, hereditary sensory, type iic	10.4	REEP1 KIF1A
7	spastic paraplegia 5a, autosomal recessive	10.4	SPG7 SPAST
8	spastic paraplegia 61, autosomal recessive	10.4	SPAST REEP1
9	spastic paraplegia 57, autosomal recessive	10.3	SACS REEP1 KIF1A
10	spastic paraplegia 33, autosomal dominant	10.3	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1
11	spastic paraplegia 12, autosomal dominant	10.3	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1
12	spastic paraplegia 39, autosomal recessive	10.3	WASHC5 SPAST DDHD1
13	spastic paraplegia 48, autosomal recessive	10.3	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1
14	spastic paraplegia 47, autosomal recessive	10.3	WASHC5 REEP1
15	spastic ataxia	10.3	SPG7 SACS KIF1A
16	spastic paraplegia 26, autosomal recessive	10.3	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1
17	autosomal dominant non-syndromic intellectual disability 9	10.3	TECPR2 REEP1 KIF1A
18	spastic paraplegia 28, autosomal recessive	10.3	SPG7 REEP1 DDHD1
19	spastic paraplegia 54, autosomal recessive	10.3	SPG7 REEP1 DDHD1
20	spastic paraplegia 17, autosomal dominant	10.3	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1
21	spastic paraplegia 49, autosomal recessive	10.3	TECPR2 DDHD1
22	spastic paraplegia 3, autosomal dominant	10.3	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1
23	spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive	10.3	WASHC5 SPG7 REEP1
24	spastic paraplegia 46, autosomal recessive	10.3	SPG7 DDHD1
25	spastic paraplegia 43, autosomal recessive	10.3	SPAST DDHD1
26	spastic paraplegia 7, autosomal recessive	10.3	SPG7 SACS
27	spastic paraplegia 30, autosomal recessive	10.2	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1 KIF1A
28	spastic paraplegia 6, autosomal dominant	10.2	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1 KIF1A
29	spastic paraplegia 8, autosomal dominant	10.2	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1 KIF1A
30	spastic paraplegia 31, autosomal dominant	10.2	WASHC5 SPG7 SPAST REEP1
31	spastic paraplegia 42, autosomal dominant	10.2	WASHC5 SPAST REEP1 KIF1A
32	spastic paraplegia 2, x-linked	10.2	WASHC5 SPG7 SPAST REEP1
33	spastic paraplegia 13, autosomal dominant	10.2	SPG7 SPAST REEP1 DDHD1
34	spastic paraplegia 18, autosomal recessive	10.2	WASHC5 SPG7 REEP1 DDHD1
35	spastic paraplegia 76, autosomal recessive	10.1	SPG7 CAPN1
36	spastic paraplegia 10, autosomal dominant	10.1	WASHC5 SPG7 SPAST REEP1 KIF1A
37	masa syndrome	10.0	WASHC5 SPG7 SPAST REEP1 KIF1A
38	spastic paraplegia 15, autosomal recessive	10.0	WASHC5 TECPR2 SPG7 SPAST REEP1
39	spastic paraparesis	10.0	TECPR2 SPG7 SPAST KIF1A DDHD1
40	hereditary ataxia	10.0	SPG7 SACS CAPN1
41	spastic paraplegia 20, autosomal recessive	10.0	SPG7 SPAST
42	spastic paraplegia 4, autosomal dominant	9.9	WASHC5 SPG7 SPAST SACS REEP1 KIF1A
43	visual epilepsy	9.8	STXBP1 SPG7 SPAST SLC2A1
44	paraplegia	9.5	WASHC5 TECPR2 SPG7 SPAST REEP1 KIF1A
45	hereditary spastic paraplegia	9.1	WASHC5 TECPR2 SPG7 SPAST SLC2A1 SACS
46	microcephaly	8.6	UFC1 STXBP1 SLC2A1 SLC1A4 PLAA PCDH12

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Spasticity:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Spasticity

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Spasticity:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	nervous system	MP:0003631	9.36	ATP6AP2 DARS1 KIF1A KIF7 PLAA REEP1

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Spasticity

Drugs for Spasticity (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 296)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Acetylcholine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

51-84-3

187

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 4

64-17-5

702

Clonidine

Approved

Phase 4

4205-90-7

2803

Memantine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

19982-08-2

4054

Oxycodone

Approved, Illicit, Investigational

Phase 4

76-42-6

5284603

Gabapentin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

60142-96-3

3446

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

51-41-2

439260

Chlorzoxazone

Approved

Phase 4

95-25-0

2733

Acetaminophen

Approved

Phase 4

103-90-2

1983

Celecoxib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

169590-42-5

2662

Hydromorphone

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4

466-99-9

5284570

Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors

Phase 4

Botulinum Toxins

Phase 4

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 4

Botulinum Toxins, Type A

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Phase 4

Sympathomimetics

Phase 4

Dihydroxyphenylalanine

Phase 4

Liver Extracts

Phase 4

incobotulinumtoxinA

Phase 4

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4

Analgesics

Phase 4

Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists

Phase 4

Adrenergic Agonists

Phase 4

Anticonvulsants

Phase 4

Sympatholytics

Phase 4

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 4

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4

rimabotulinumtoxinB

Phase 4

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Phase 4

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 4

Antimanic Agents

Phase 4

Excitatory Amino Acids

Phase 4

Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

Phase 4

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 4

Narcotics

Phase 4

Analgesics, Opioid

Phase 4

Venlafaxine Hydrochloride

Phase 4

Serotonin and Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

Neuromuscular Agents

Phase 4

Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormones

Phase 4

beta-endorphin

Phase 4

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone

Phase 4

Serotonin

Investigational, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

50-67-9

5202

Miconazole

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

22916-47-8

4189

Valproic acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

99-66-1

3121

Amantadine

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

768-94-5

2130

Pentoxifylline

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

6493-05-6

4740

Fentanyl

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

437-38-7

3345

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 778)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Phase III Study of Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Lower Limbs Spasticity in Subacute Stroke Adults	Unknown status	NCT02505802	Phase 4	BoNT-A injection
2	Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Using Robot and Botulinum Toxin	Unknown status	NCT02228863	Phase 4
3	Antispastic Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Cerebral and Spinal Spasticity	Unknown status	NCT01786005	Phase 4
4	A Randomized Controlled Trial of Rectus Femoris Tenotomy Versus Botulinum Toxin A for Stiff Knee Gait After Stroke	Unknown status	NCT02114736	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin injection in the rectus femoris muscle
5	The Impact of Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Quality of Life of Cervical Dystonia Patients	Unknown status	NCT01664013	Phase 4	Nuronox
6	Functional Electrical Stimulation-Assisted Walking: Reduction of Secondary Complications Due to Spinal Cord Injury	Unknown status	NCT00201968	Phase 4
7	Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Gait in Children With Hemiplegic and Diplegic Cerebral Palsy	Unknown status	NCT02462018	Phase 4
8	Dopamine Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy With Dystonia- A Double Blind Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT01361373	Phase 4	L- DOPA;placebo
9	Treatment for Alcohol Dependence With Gabapentin: A Double Blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial	Unknown status	NCT02771925	Phase 4	Gabapentin 2g/day divided in two doses for 24 weeks;Placebo 2g/day divided in two doses for 24 weeks
10	An Open-Label Pilot Study to Compare the Efficacy of Escalating Doses of IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin®) in the Treatment of Glabellar Rhytids	Unknown status	NCT01583478	Phase 4
11	Impact of Injection Techniques on the Effectiveness of Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Post Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity	Completed	NCT02757404	Phase 4	Ultrasonography guidance injection of Meditoxin®.;Electrical stimulation guidance injection of Meditoxin®.;Manual needle placement injection of Meditoxin®.
12	A Prospective, Multi-center, Single Arm, Open-label, Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of MEDITOXIN® in Treatment of Post Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity	Completed	NCT03908580	Phase 4	Meditoxin
13	A 24-week Prospective, Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled Study of Dysport® Injection for the Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in Early Stroke.	Completed	NCT00234546	Phase 4	Placebo
14	A Prospective Phase IV, Multicentre, Placebo-controlled Study to Demonstrate Changes in the Quality of Life Following DYSPORT Intramuscular Injection in the Treatment of Upper Limb Spasticity in Adult Post-Stroke Patients	Completed	NCT00216411	Phase 4	Placebo
15	Asian Multicentre, Double Blind, Randomised, Placebo Controlled Pilot Study, to Assess the Impact of Dysport® Intramuscular Injections When Administered Within the First 12 Weeks After Stroke on the Time to Spasticity Progression in Adult Subjects With Upper Limb (UL) Spasticity.	Completed	NCT02321436	Phase 4	Placebo
16	BOTOX® Economic Spasticity Trial (BEST)	Completed	NCT00549783	Phase 4
17	Hand Rehabilitation Using Botulinum Toxin and Functional Electrical Stimulation Among Stroke Patients With Limitation of Finger Extension Due to Spasticity- Pilot Study	Completed	NCT03549975	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A 100 unit/Vial (Product)
18	A Multicentre, Double-blind, Randomised, Parallel Group, Placebo-controlled Study of the Effect of Long-term Treatment With Sativex on Cognitive Function and Mood of Patients With Spasticity Due to Multiple Sclerosis	Completed	NCT01964547	Phase 4	Sativex;Placebo
19	Vanderbilt University Spasticity Management Program Evaluation Plan	Completed	NCT00179114	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A;Intrathecal baclofen administered by the Medtronic SyncroMed(TM) pump (ITB)
20	Comparative Efficacy of Three Preparations of Botox-A in Treating Spasticity	Completed	NCT00178646	Phase 4	Botox
21	Multi-center, Single Arm, Open-label, Phase IV Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of MEDITOXIN® in Children With Cerebral Palsy	Completed	NCT01256021	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A
22	Myobloc Atrophy Study	Completed	NCT02052024	Phase 4	Botox;MYOBLOC
23	A Randomized, Controlled, Open-label, Parallel-group, Multi-center Study to Compare the Effect of Intrathecal Baclofen Therapy Versus Best Medical Treatment on Severe Spasticity in Post-stroke Patients After 6 Months Active Treatment	Completed	NCT01032239	Phase 4	intrathecal baclofen
24	A Randomized Controlled Trial on Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Adults With Cerebral Palsy	Completed	NCT00432055	Phase 4	Botulinum toxin type A (Botox);placebo (saline)
25	Placebo-Controlled Trial of BOTOX® Versus Zanaflex® for the Treatment of Subjects With Post Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity	Completed	NCT00430196	Phase 4	BOTOX®;Zanaflex®
26	Memantine for Spasticity in MS Patients	Completed	NCT00638027	Phase 4	placebo;memantine
27	Effects of Repeated Use of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) Free of Complexing Proteins in the Spastic Equinovarus Foot in Stroke Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT03044080	Phase 4	IncobotulinumtoxinA;OnabotulinumtoxinA
28	An Efficacy Comparison of Botulinum Toxin A Injection Into Two Different Sites in Gastrocnemius Muscle for the Treatment of Spastic Patients, Randomized Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT01278576	Phase 4	BOTOX-A®
29	Recurrent Crying Spells in Cerebral Palsy With Spastic Quadriparesis - A Crossover Study	Completed	NCT01955655	Phase 4	Baclofen
30	A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Incobotulinumtoxin Type A for the Functional Improvement of Lower Extremity Spasticity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis	Completed	NCT01968902	Phase 4
31	An International, Multicentre, Prospective, Single-Arm Study to Assess the Effect on Voluntary Movements of AbobotulinumtoxinA 1500 U Administered in Both Upper and Lower Limbs in Conjunction With a Guided Self-Rehabilitation Contract in Adult Subjects With Spastic Hemiparesis	Completed	NCT02969356	Phase 4
32	Measuring the Functional Effects of Botox on the Brain Using MR Spectroscopy and fMRI	Completed	NCT03373162	Phase 4	onabotulinumtoxinA
33	Preemptive Single Dose Tizanidine and Ultrasound Guided Superficial Cervical Block on Pain After Thyroidectomy	Completed	NCT02725359	Phase 4	Placebo;Tizanidine;Bupivacaine;Saline
34	SPREAD AND EFFECTIVENESS OF BOTULINUM NEUROTOXIN A IN SPASTIC EQUINUS IN CEREBRAL PALSY:SHORT-TERM STUDY	Completed	NCT01276015	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A
35	Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Cervical/Shoulder Pain Following Acute Spinal Cord Injury.	Completed	NCT00320281	Phase 4	botulinum toxin A
36	A Controlled Trial of Venlafaxine XR for Major Depression After Spinal Cord Injury: A Multi-site Study	Completed	NCT00592384	Phase 4	venlafaxine XR;placebo
37	Analgetic Effects of Chlorzoxazone in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty	Completed	NCT02405104	Phase 4	chlorzoxazone;Placebo
38	Does Postoperative Gabapentin Reduce Pain, Opioid Consumption & Anxiety & Have a Positive Effect on Health Related Quality of Life After Radical Prostatectomy?	Completed	NCT00982800	Phase 4	Gabapentin;Placebo Sugar Pill
39	Optimal Dose of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy After Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Post-stroke Spasticity	Recruiting	NCT02358005	Phase 4
40	Dose-response Relationship of Botullinum Toxin (DWP 450) for Finger Flexor Spasticity	Recruiting	NCT03517319	Phase 4	Normal Saline 0.9% 1.2 ml;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 15 U;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 30 U;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 50 U;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 70 U
41	Randomised Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of a Self-rehabilitation Program in Addition to Usual Treatment for Spasticity (Repeated Botulinum Toxin Injections and Physiotherapy) on Impairment and Activity Limitation in Patients With Spastic Hemiparesis Following Stroke	Recruiting	NCT02944929	Phase 4
42	Imaging of 3D Innervation Zone Distribution in Spastic Muscles From High-density Surface	Recruiting	NCT03302741	Phase 4	Botulinum neurotoxin (BTX)
43	Study of the Effects on Motor Recovery of Early Post-stroke Spasticity Treatment: Double Blinded Comparison Between Botulinum Toxin and Baclofen.	Recruiting	NCT02462317	Phase 4	botulinum A toxin;Baclofen;Placebo toxin;placebo baclofen
44	The Movement of Botulinum Toxin Through the Lateral Gastrocnemius Muscle in Humans: An Expanded Examination	Recruiting	NCT03367429	Phase 4	Botox
45	Does Botulinum Toxin A Make Walking Easier in Children With Cerebral Palsy?	Recruiting	NCT02546999	Phase 4	botox;placebo
46	Short and Long Term Fampridine Treatment in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Cognitive and Motor Performances	Recruiting	NCT02849782	Phase 4	Fampridine
47	Intrathecal (IT) Baclofen Drug Distribution Pilot Study	Active, not recruiting	NCT02903823	Phase 4	Baclofen bolus injection
48	Botulinum Toxin Pyloroplasty to Reduce Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting After Sleeve Gastrectomy	Enrolling by invitation	NCT03701919	Phase 4	Botulinum toxin pyloroplasty;Normal saline pyloric injection
49	Research Assistant Doctor	Not yet recruiting	NCT03860662	Phase 4	Botox;Baclofen
50	Randomised, Evaluation-blinded, Crossover, Controlled Study Assessing the Antispastic Efficacy and Safety of Dynamic Night Hand Splinting in Adults With Post-stroke Hemiplegia Treated by Botulimum Toxin (Dysport®) - (a Pilot Study)	Not yet recruiting	NCT02888548	Phase 4

Search NIH Clinical Center for Spasticity

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Genetic Tests for Spasticity

Genetic tests related to Spasticity:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Spasticity ²⁹

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Anatomical Context for Spasticity

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Spasticity:

⁴⁰

Spinal Cord, Brain, Testes, Bone, Skeletal Muscle, Cortex, T Cells

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Publications for Spasticity

Articles related to Spasticity:

(show top 50) (show all 10946)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Transcranial direct current stimulation associated with physical-therapy in acute stroke patients - A randomized, triple blind, sham-controlled study. ⁶¹	Bornheim S...Kaux JF	31735645	2020
2	The Hemisection Approach in Large Animal Models of Spinal Cord Injury: Overview of Methods and Applications. ⁶¹	Wilson S...Howard MA	30380340	2020
3	Cancer Rehabilitation:: Acute and Chronic Issues, Nerve Injury, Radiation Sequelae, Surgical and Chemo-Related, Part 2. ⁶¹	Nori P...Stubblefield MD	32035567	2020
4	Spasticity and pain in adults with cerebral palsy. ⁶¹	Flanigan M...Marciniak C	31602643	2020
5	Pain in adults with cerebral palsy: measuring the contribution of spasticity. ⁶¹	Smith JMC...Field TS	31696934	2020
6	Truncating variants in UBAP1 associated with childhood-onset nonsyndromic hereditary spastic paraplegia. ⁶¹	Gu S...Meng L	31696996	2020
7	Italian consensus on treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis. ⁶¹	Comi G...Italian Consensus Group on treatment of spasticity in multiple sclerosis	31652369	2020
8	Cannabis Use in Children With Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration. ⁶¹	Wilson JL...Hogarth P	31823681	2020
9	Phosphoserine aminotransferase deficiency: imaging findings in a child with congenital microcephaly. ⁶¹	Shapira Zaltsberg G...Miller E	30122079	2020
10	The effectiveness of extracorporeal shock wave therapy to reduce lower limb spasticity in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ⁶¹	Cabanas-Valdes R...German-Romero A	31710277	2020
11	An Omnidirectional Assistive Platform Integrated with Functional Electrical Stimulation for Gait Rehabilitation: A Case Study. ⁶¹	Anaya-Reyes F...Yu H	32031944	2020
12	Selective dorsal rhizotomy: an illustrated review of operative techniques. ⁶¹	Warsi NM...Ibrahim GM	32032949	2020
13	Effect of Additional Rehabilitation After Botulinum Toxin-A on Upper Limb Activity in Chronic Stroke: The InTENSE Trial. ⁶¹	Lannin NA...InTENSE Trial Group	31813359	2020
14	Acute and Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents With Cerebral Palsy: Prevalence, Interference, and Management. ⁶¹	Ostojic K...Morrow A	31521713	2020
15	Botulinum Toxin in Children with Cerebral Palsy: An Update. ⁶¹	Hareb F...Solla F	31486052	2020
16	Surgical Tone Reduction in Cerebral Palsy. ⁶¹	Thomas SP...Curry DJ	31760996	2020
17	Sex may influence motor phenotype in a novel rodent model of cerebral palsy. ⁶¹	Aravamuthan BR...Rutkove SB	31841677	2020
18	Principles of Ankle-Foot Orthosis Prescription in Ambulatory Bilateral Cerebral Palsy. ⁶¹	Wright E...DiBello SA	31760995	2020
19	The role of selective dorsal rhizotomy in the management of post-traumatic spasticity: systematic review. ⁶¹	Agrawal M...Chandra SP	32020384	2020
20	Spasticity and Pain after Spinal Cord Injury: Impact on Daily Life and the Influence of Psychological Factors. ⁶¹	Tibbett JA...Widerstrom-Noga EG	31298813	2020
21	AbobotulinumtoxinA and rehabilitation vs rehabilitation alone in post-stroke spasticity: A cost-utility analysis. ⁶¹	Lazzaro C...Santamato A	31820010	2020
22	Inequalities in pharmacologic treatment of spasticity in Sweden - health economic consequences of closing the treatment gap. ⁶¹	Forsmark A...Ertzgaard P	32030530	2020
23	Post hoc analysis of shoulder spasticity and safety following treatment with incobotulinumtoxinA. ⁶¹	Wissel J...Simpson DM	32025741	2020
24	Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation Induces Temporary Attenuation of Spasticity in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury. ⁶¹	Hofstoetter US...Minassian K	31333064	2020
25	[Analysis of the concept of the Zika Virus congenital syndrome]. ⁶¹	Teixeira GA...Enders BC	32022196	2020
26	Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation as Treatment in Multiple Neurologic Conditions. ⁶¹	Iglesias AH	32020300	2020
27	Squalene Synthase Deficiency ⁶¹	Coman D...Pitt J	32027475	2020
28	Predictive Model for Gastrostomy Placement in Adolescents With Developmental Disabilities and Cerebral Palsy. ⁶¹	Bertoncelli CM...Solla F	31134674	2020
29	Pain and the immune system: emerging concepts of IgG-mediated autoimmune pain and immunotherapies. ⁶¹	Xu M...Klein CJ	30224548	2020
30	Very-late-onset Friedreich's ataxia: diagnosis in a kindred with late-onset cerebellar ataxia. ⁶¹	Fearon C...Redmond J	31467149	2020
31	POLR3A-related spastic ataxia: new mutations and a look into the phenotype. ⁶¹	Infante J...Matilla-Duenas A	31637490	2020
32	Genetic and phenotypic characterization of NKX6-2-related spastic ataxia and hypomyelination. ⁶¹	Chelban V...Kaya N	31509304	2020
33	Construct Validity of the Observable Movement Quality Scale in Pediatrics: Hypothesis Testing of a Formative Measurement Model. ⁶¹	Dekkers LMA...de Swart BJM	32031656	2020
34	Children with uncontrolled asthma and significant reversibility might show hypoxaemia. ⁶¹	Taytard J...Beydon N	32020332	2020
35	Is Thoracodorsal Nerve Transection Needed in Latissimus Dorsi Breast Reconstruction? ⁶¹	Patel R...Mast BA	32028468	2020
36	Poststroke Postural Sway Improved by Botulinum Toxin: A Multicenter Randomized Double-blind Controlled Trial. ⁶¹	Kerzoncuf M...Bensoussan L	31469982	2020
37	Effects of a Robot-Assisted Arm Training Plus Hand Functional Electrical Stimulation on Recovery After Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial. ⁶¹	Straudi S...Basaglia N	31678222	2020
38	Evidence-based guidelines on the therapeutic use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): An update (2014-2018). ⁶¹	Lefaucheur JP...Ziemann U	31901449	2020
39	The effectiveness and safety of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on spasticity after upper motor neuron injury: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis. ⁶¹	Liu DY...Jin RJ	32028402	2020
40	Effects of a 3D-printed orthosis compared to a low-temperature thermoplastic plate orthosis on wrist flexor spasticity in chronic hemiparetic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial. ⁶¹	Zheng Y...Hua Z	31686529	2020
41	Cost effectiveness and impact on quality of life of abobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA in the treatment of children with lower limb spasticity in Canada. ⁶¹	Johnston K...Sullivan SD	31985313	2020
42	Effects of pressure garment on spasticity and function of the arm in the early stages after stroke: a randomized controlled trial. ⁶¹	Ooi HK...Kadar M	32037862	2020
43	Characterization of absorbed and produced constituents in goat plasma urine and faeces from the herbal medicine Gelsemium elegans by using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. ⁶¹	Zuo MT...Liu ZY	31988014	2020
44	The Void in Clinician Counseling of Cannabis Use. ⁶¹	Calcaterra SL...Hopfer CJ	31898125	2020
45	Simultaneous Quantitation of S(+)- and R(-)-Baclofen and Its Metabolite in Human Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid using LC-APCI-MS/MS: An Application for Clinical Studies. ⁶¹	He Q...Murry DJ	31936209	2020
46	Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scores Are Related With Kinematic Measures in People with Chronic Hemiparesis after Stroke. ⁶¹	Rech KD...Pagnussat AS	31740027	2020
47	Is a hip flip the right trick? ⁶¹	Oerlemans LNT...Coolsma CW	31628149	2020
48	Cannabinoids in the Older Person: A Literature Review. ⁶¹	Beedham W...Shipway D	31941020	2020
49	Preferred options and evidence for upper limb surgery for spasticity in cerebral palsy, stroke, and brain injury. ⁶¹	Tranchida GV...Van Heest A	31594425	2020
50	Change in popliteal angle and hamstrings spasticity during childhood in ambulant children with spastic bilateral cerebral palsy. A register-based cohort study. ⁶¹	Fosdahl MA...Holm I	31914961	2020

Sources

Genes for Spasticity

Genes related to Spasticity (2 elite genes):

(show all 21)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	KIF7	Kinesin Family Member 7	Protein Coding	406.21	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic ⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Variants (show sections)
2	STXBP1	Syntaxin Binding Protein 1	Protein Coding	406.21	Pathogenic ⁶ GeneCards inferred via : Variants (show sections)
3	DARS1	Aspartyl-TRNA Synthetase 1	Protein Coding	33.97	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
4	SACS	Sacsin Molecular Chaperone	Protein Coding	29.48	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
5	WASHC5	WASH Complex Subunit 5	Protein Coding	27.89	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
6	SLC2A1	Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 1	Protein Coding	24.08	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name (show sections)
7	ATP6AP2	ATPase H+ Transporting Accessory Protein 2	Protein Coding	23.16	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
8	SPAST	Spastin	Protein Coding	19.63	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
9	KIF1A	Kinesin Family Member 1A	Protein Coding	19.21	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
10	SPG7	SPG7 Matrix AAA Peptidase Subunit, Paraplegin	Protein Coding	18.86	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
11	REEP1	Receptor Accessory Protein 1	Protein Coding	18.43	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
12	DDHD1	DDHD Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	17.92	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries (show sections)
13	TECPR2	Tectonin Beta-Propeller Repeat Containing 2	Protein Coding	17.91	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries (show sections)
14	CAPN1	Calpain 1	Protein Coding	16.44	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
15	SLC1A4	Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 4	Protein Coding	16.09	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
16	PLAA	Phospholipase A2 Activating Protein	Protein Coding	15.6	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
17	TRAPPC12	Trafficking Protein Particle Complex 12	Protein Coding	15.32	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
18	UFC1	Ubiquitin-Fold Modifier Conjugating Enzyme 1	Protein Coding	15.32	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
19	FAR1	Fatty Acyl-CoA Reductase 1	Protein Coding	15.23	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries (show sections)
20	PCDH12	Protocadherin 12	Protein Coding	15.2	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
21	MRST	Mental Retardation, Severe, With Spasticity And Tapetoretinal	Genetic Locus	15.1	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Spasticity

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Spasticity:

⁶ (show all 11) ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎ ‎‎

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	GRCh37 Pos	GRCh38 Pos
1		46;XX;inv(2)(p23q31.3)	inversion	Pathogenic	267874
2	STXBP1	NM_001032221.6(STXBP1):c.116_118dup (p.Arg39dup)	duplication	Pathogenic	633836		9:130416019-130416020	9:127653740-127653741
3	KIF7	NM_198525.3(KIF7):c.434A>C (p.Tyr145Ser)	SNV	Pathogenic/Likely pathogenic	374124	rs758361736	15:90193067-90193067	15:89649836-89649836
4		46;XY;t(4;14;4;1)(q28.2;q13.1;28.2q21;p32.3)dn	Translocation	Likely pathogenic	267905
5	CREBBP	NM_001079846.1(CREBBP):c.6071_6081del (p.Ile2024fs)	deletion	Likely pathogenic	523472	rs1555471098	16:3778853-3778863	16:3728852-3728862
6	REEP1	NM_001164731.2(REEP1):c.524A>G (p.Ter175Trp)	SNV	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	242633	rs587781248	2:86444224-86444224	2:86217101-86217101
7	SPAST	NM_014946.3(SPAST):c.1276C>T (p.Leu426Phe)	SNV	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	448444	rs1060502227	2:32361662-32361662	2:32136593-32136593
8	COL6A2	NM_001849.3(COL6A2):c.2008A>G (p.Thr670Ala)	SNV	Uncertain significance	598977	rs753298014	21:47545737-47545737	21:46125823-46125823
9		46;XX;inv(6)(p24q11)dn	inversion	Uncertain significance	267935
10	PMP22	NM_000304.4(PMP22):c.422T>G (p.Val141Gly)	SNV	Uncertain significance	373965	rs1057518804	17:15134295-15134295	17:15230978-15230978
11	CACNA1A	NM_001127221.1(CACNA1A):c.6128C>T (p.Thr2043Met)	SNV	Uncertain significance	386521	rs563345694	19:13323262-13323262	19:13212448-13212448

Sources

Expression for Spasticity

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Spasticity.

Sources

Pathways for Spasticity

Sources

GO Terms for Spasticity

Cellular components related to Spasticity according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	axon	GO:0030424	9.46	STXBP1 SACS KIF1A ATP6AP2
2	extracellular exosome	GO:0070062	9.32	UFC1 STXBP1 SPAST SLC2A1 SLC1A4 PLAA
3	axon cytoplasm	GO:1904115	9.13	SPG7 SPAST KIF1A

Biological processes related to Spasticity according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	anterograde axonal transport	GO:0008089	8.8	SPG7 SPAST KIF1A

Molecular functions related to Spasticity according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	microtubule binding	GO:0008017	8.92	SPAST REEP1 KIF7 KIF1A

Sources

Sources for Spasticity

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HMDB

³¹ HPO

³² ICD10

³³ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ KEGG

³⁷ LifeMap

³⁸ LncRNADisease

³⁹ LOVD

⁴⁰ MalaCards

⁴¹ MedGen

⁴² MedlinePlus

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NIH Rare Diseases

⁵³ NINDS

⁵⁴ Novoseek

⁵⁵ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁶ OMIM

⁵⁷ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubMed

⁶² PubMed Health

⁶³ QIAGEN

⁶⁴ R&D Systems

⁶⁵ Reactome

⁶⁶ Sino Biological

⁶⁷ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia