Spasticity disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: SPS057 MIFTS: 42	Spasticity Categories: Muscle diseases, Neuronal diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Spasticity

MalaCards integrated aliases for Spasticity:

Name: Spasticity ⁵⁴ ²⁹ ⁶

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Muscle diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

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Summaries for Spasticity

NINDS : ⁵⁴ Spasticity is a condition in which there is an abnormal increase in muscle tone or stiffness of muscle, which might interfere with movement, speech, or be associated with discomfort or pain. Spasticity is usually caused by damage to nerve pathways within the brain or spinal cord that control muscle movement. It may occur in association with spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, stroke, brain or head trauma, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, hereditary spastic paraplegias, and metabolic diseases such as adrenoleukodystrophy, phenylketonuria, and Krabbe disease. Symptoms may include hypertonicity (increased muscle tone), clonus (a series of rapid muscle contractions), exaggerated deep tendon reflexes, muscle spasms, scissoring (involuntary crossing of the legs), and fixed joints (contractures). The degree of spasticity varies from mild muscle stiffness to severe, painful, and uncontrollable muscle spasms. Spasticity can interfere with rehabilitation in patients with certain disorders, and often interferes with daily activities.

MalaCards based summary : Spasticity is related to spastic paraplegia 7, autosomal recessive and spastic paraplegia 4, autosomal dominant. An important gene associated with Spasticity is DARS (Aspartyl-TRNA Synthetase). The drugs Acetylcholine and Gabapentin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, brain and testes.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Spasticity (from Greek, Modern spasmos-, meaning ''drawing, pulling'') is a feature of altered... more...

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Related Diseases for Spasticity

Diseases related to Spasticity via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 864)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	spastic paraplegia 7, autosomal recessive	34.0	SACS SPG7
2	spastic paraplegia 4, autosomal dominant	33.9	SPAST SPG7
3	spastic paraplegia 15, autosomal recessive	33.9	SPG7 TECPR2
4	spastic paraplegia 13, autosomal dominant	33.8	SPAST WASHC5
5	spastic paraplegia 30, autosomal recessive	33.8	KIF1A WASHC5
6	spastic paraplegia 49, autosomal recessive	33.7	SPG7 TECPR2
7	spastic paraplegia 73, autosomal dominant	33.5	CAPN1 SPG7
8	spastic paraplegia 76, autosomal recessive	33.5	CAPN1 SPG7
9	hereditary spastic paraplegia	33.3	CAPN1 DDHD1 KIF1A SACS SPAST SPG7
10	spastic ataxia	33.2	SACS SPG7
11	spastic paraparesis	33.1	DDHD1 SPAST SPG7 TECPR2
12	primary lateral sclerosis, adult, 1	31.5	SPAST SPG7
13	paraplegia	31.5	DDHD1 KIF1A SPAST SPG7 WASHC5
14	microcephaly	29.5	PCDH12 PLAA SLC1A4 SLC2A1
15	spastic paraplegia 20, autosomal recessive	12.6
16	spastic paraplegia 2, x-linked	12.5
17	spastic paraplegia 17, autosomal dominant	12.5
18	spastic ataxia, charlevoix-saguenay type	12.5
19	spastic paraplegia 11, autosomal recessive	12.5
20	spastic paraplegia 3, autosomal dominant	12.5
21	tropical spastic paraparesis	12.4
22	spastic hemiplegia	12.4
23	spastic paraplegia 43, autosomal recessive	12.4
24	spastic paraplegia 10, autosomal dominant	12.4
25	spastic paraplegia 56, autosomal recessive	12.4
26	spastic quadriplegia	12.4
27	spastic paraplegia, optic atrophy, and neuropathy	12.4
28	spastic paraplegia 8, autosomal dominant	12.4
29	spastic paraplegia 48, autosomal recessive	12.4
30	spastic diplegia	12.4
31	spastic paraplegia 28, autosomal recessive	12.4
32	spastic paraplegia 26, autosomal recessive	12.4
33	spastic paraplegia 23	12.4
34	spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive	12.4
35	spastic paraplegia 63, autosomal recessive	12.4
36	spastic paraplegia 72, autosomal recessive	12.3
37	spastic paraplegia 54, autosomal recessive	12.3
38	spastic cerebral palsy	12.3
39	spastic paraplegia 9a, autosomal dominant	12.3
40	spastic paraplegia 39, autosomal recessive	12.3
41	spastic paraplegia 11	12.3
42	spastic paraplegia 5a	12.3
43	spastic paraplegia 4	12.3
44	spastic paraplegia 15	12.3
45	spastic paraplegia 53, autosomal recessive	12.3
46	spastic paraplegia 5a, autosomal recessive	12.3
47	spastic paraplegia 6, autosomal dominant	12.3
48	infantile-onset ascending hereditary spastic paralysis	12.3
49	spastic paraplegia 45, autosomal recessive	12.3
50	spastic paraplegia 57, autosomal recessive	12.3

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Spasticity:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Spasticity

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Spasticity

Drugs for Spasticity (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 319)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Acetylcholine

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

51-84-3

187

Gabapentin

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

60142-96-3

3446

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

64-17-5

702

gamma-Aminobutyric acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

56-12-2

119

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4,Not Applicable

51-61-6, 62-31-7

681

Levodopa

Approved

Phase 4

59-92-7

6047

Baclofen

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

1134-47-0

2284

Memantine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

19982-08-2

4054

Tizanidine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

51322-75-9

5487

Peppermint oil

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 3

8006-90-4

Dronabinol

Approved, Illicit

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

1972-08-3

16078

Peppermint

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3

Piracetam

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2

7491-74-9

Bupivacaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

2180-92-9, 38396-39-3

2474

Clonidine

Approved

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2

4205-90-7

2803

Trimethoprim

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

738-70-5

5578

Amoxicillin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

26787-78-0

33613

Fosfomycin

Approved

Phase 4

23155-02-4

446987

Cefixime

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

79350-37-1

5362065 54362

Sulfamethoxazole

Approved

Phase 4

723-46-6

5329

Norepinephrine

Approved

Phase 4

51-41-2

439260

Morphine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4,Not Applicable

57-27-2

5288826

Lidocaine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

137-58-6

3676

Etiracetam

Investigational

Phase 4,Phase 2

33996-58-6

Acetylcholine Release Inhibitors

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Neuromuscular Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Botulinum Toxins, Type A

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Botulinum Toxins

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

abobotulinumtoxinA

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

incobotulinumtoxinA

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

onabotulinumtoxinA

Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Anti-Anxiety Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2

Calcium, Dietary

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

GABA Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antiparkinson Agents

Phase 4,Phase 1,Not Applicable

calcium channel blockers

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable

Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable,Early Phase 1

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Excitatory Amino Acids

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anticonvulsants

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Early Phase 1,Not Applicable

Analgesics

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1,Not Applicable

Antimanic Agents

Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 1,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Liver Extracts

Phase 4

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 883)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Meditoxin® Treatment in Patients With Post Stroke Upper Limb Spasticity	Unknown status	NCT02757404	Phase 4
2	The Effectiveness of Early Botulinum Toxin A Injection for Lower Limbs Spasticity in Subacute Stroke Adults	Unknown status	NCT02505802	Phase 4	BoNT-A injection
3	Antispastic Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Cerebral and Spinal Spasticity	Unknown status	NCT01786005	Phase 4
4	Optimal Dose of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy After Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Post-stroke Spasticity	Unknown status	NCT02358005	Phase 4
5	Upper Extremity Rehabilitation Using Robot and Botulinum Toxin	Unknown status	NCT02228863	Phase 4
6	Rectus Femoris Tenotomy Versus Botulinum Toxin A for Stiff Knee Gait After Stroke	Unknown status	NCT02114736	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin injection in the rectus femoris muscle
7	Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy	Unknown status	NCT02462018	Phase 4
8	The Efficacy and Safety of MEDITOXIN® in Children With Cerebral Palsy	Unknown status	NCT01256021	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A
9	The Impact of Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Quality of Life of Cervical Dystonia Patients	Unknown status	NCT01664013	Phase 4	Nuronox
10	Treatment for Alcohol Dependence With Gabapentin	Unknown status	NCT02771925	Phase 4	Gabapentin 2g/day divided in two doses for 24 weeks;Placebo 2g/day divided in two doses for 24 weeks
11	Dopamine Treatment in Children With Cerebral Palsy With Dystonia- A Double Blind Controlled Study	Unknown status	NCT01361373	Phase 4	L- DOPA;placebo
12	Functional Electrical Stimulation-Assisted Walking: Reduction of Secondary Complications Due to Spinal Cord Injury	Unknown status	NCT00201968	Phase 4
13	Study to Assess Impact of Dysport Injections Early After Stroke on Upper Limb Spasticity Progression	Completed	NCT02321436	Phase 4	BotulinumtoxinA;Placebo
14	SISTERS: Spasticity In Stroke Study - Randomized Study	Completed	NCT01032239	Phase 4	intrathecal baclofen
15	Safety of Xeomin for Lower Limb Spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis Patients	Completed	NCT01968902	Phase 4
16	Vanderbilt University Spasticity Management Program Evaluation Plan	Completed	NCT00179114	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A;Intrathecal baclofen administered by the Medtronic SyncroMed(TM) pump (ITB)
17	Asian Botulinum Clinical Trial Designed for Early Stroke Spasticity	Completed	NCT00234546	Phase 4	Botulinum toxin type A (Dysport®)
18	Memantine for Spasticity in MS Patients	Completed	NCT00638027	Phase 4	placebo;memantine
19	Effects of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A (BoNT/A) Free of Complexing Proteins in the Spastic Equinovarus Foot	Completed	NCT03044080	Phase 4	IncobotulinumtoxinA;OnabotulinumtoxinA
20	BOTOX® Versus Zanaflex® for the Treatment of Post-Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury Upper Limb Spasticity	Completed	NCT00430196	Phase 4	BOTOX®;Zanaflex®
21	BOTOX® Economic Spasticity Trial (BEST)	Completed	NCT00549783	Phase 4
22	Effects on Quality of Life Following Dysport Treatment in Post-stroke Spasticity of the Arm	Completed	NCT00216411	Phase 4	Botulinum type A toxin (Dysport)
23	Comparative Efficacy of Three Preparations of Botox-A in Treating Spasticity	Completed	NCT00178646	Phase 4	Botox
24	A Randomized Study of Sativex on Cognitive Function and Mood: Multiple Sclerosis Patients	Completed	NCT01964547	Phase 4	Sativex;Placebo
25	Hand Rehabilitation Using Botulinum Toxin and Functional Electrical Stimulation-pilot Study	Completed	NCT03549975	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A 100 unit/Vial (Product)
26	Spread And Effectiveness Of Botulinum Neurotoxin A In Spastic Equinus In Cerebral Palsy	Completed	NCT01276015	Phase 4	Botulinum Toxin Type A
27	Botulinum Toxin A Adult Gastrocnemius Muscle Study	Completed	NCT01278576	Phase 4	BOTOX-A®
28	Study to Evaluate Effects of DYSPORT® Injected in Lower and Upper Limb Combined With Guided Self-Rehabilitation Contract (GSC)	Completed	NCT02969356	Phase 4	AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport®)
29	Myobloc Atrophy Study	Completed	NCT02052024	Phase 4	Botox;MYOBLOC
30	Recurrent Crying Spells in Cerebral Palsy	Completed	NCT01955655	Phase 4	Baclofen
31	Τhe Effectiveness of Hydrotherapy Exercises on the Rehabilitation of Hemiplegic Patients	Completed	NCT01460277	Phase 4
32	Levetiracetam in Chronic Neuropathic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury	Completed	NCT00252954	Phase 4	Levetiracetam
33	Functional Effects of Botox on the Brain Using MRS and fMRI	Completed	NCT03373162	Phase 4	onabotulinumtoxinA
34	Tizanidine and Superficial Cervical Block on Pain After Thyroidectomy	Completed	NCT02725359	Phase 4	Placebo;Tizanidine;Bupivacaine;Saline
35	Investigating Botulinum Toxin A to Treat Acute Neck/Upper Shoulder Pain Following a New Spinal Cord Injury.	Completed	NCT00320281	Phase 4	botulinum toxin A
36	Safety and Efficacy of a Weekly Oral Cyclic Antibiotic Programme in the Prevention of Urinary Tract Infection on Neurological Bladder	Completed	NCT01388413	Phase 4	Weekly Oral Cyclic Antibiotic programme
37	Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Adults With Cerebral Palsy	Completed	NCT00432055	Phase 4	Botulinum toxin type A (Botox);placebo (saline)
38	MP Diagnostics HTLV Blot 2.4 Post-Market Clinical Study	Completed	NCT03226119	Phase 4
39	Project to Improve Symptoms and Mood in People With Spinal Cord Injury	Completed	NCT00592384	Phase 4	venlafaxine XR;placebo
40	Using Patient Reported Outcomes (PROs) to Evaluate Teriflunomide Treatment in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) Patients	Completed	NCT01895335	Phase 4	Teriflunomide
41	Imaging of 3D Innervation Zone Distribution in Spastic Muscles From High-density Surface EMG Recordings	Recruiting	NCT03302741	Phase 4	Botulinum neurotoxin (BTX)
42	Study of the Effects on Motor Recovery of Early Post-stroke Spasticity Treatment	Recruiting	NCT02462317	Phase 4	botulinum A toxin;Baclofen;Placebo toxin;placebo baclofen
43	Dose-response Relationship of Botullinum Toxin (DWP 450) for Finger Flexor Spasticity	Recruiting	NCT03517319	Phase 4	Normal Saline 0.9% 1.2 ml;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 15 U;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 30 U;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 50 U;Clostridium Botulinum Toxin Type A (Nabota, DWP 450) 70 U
44	The Effect of a Self-rehabilitation Program in Addition to Usual Treatment for Spasticity on Impairment and Activity Limitation in Patients With Spastic Hemiparesis Following Stroke	Recruiting	NCT02944929	Phase 4
45	The Movement of Botulinum Toxin Through the Lateral Gastrocnemius Muscle in Humans: An Expanded Examination	Recruiting	NCT03367429	Phase 4	Botox
46	Intrathecal (IT) Baclofen Drug Distribution	Recruiting	NCT02903823	Phase 4	Baclofen bolus injection
47	Does Botulinum Toxin A Make Walking Easier in Children With Cerebral Palsy?	Recruiting	NCT02546999	Phase 4	botox;placebo
48	Randomised, Evaluation-blinded, Crossover, Controlled Study Assessing Dynamic Hand Splinting in Adults With Post-stroke Hemiplegia (Orthox)	Not yet recruiting	NCT02888548	Phase 4
49	Does Oral Baclofen Improve Care and Comfort in Spastic Children in Nursing Homes?	Terminated	NCT00752934	Phase 4	oral baclofen + placebo;placebo + oral baclofen
50	Improvement After Botulinum Toxin Injections to the Arms in Children With Cerebral Palsy	Terminated	NCT00549471	Phase 4

Search NIH Clinical Center for Spasticity

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Genetic Tests for Spasticity

Genetic tests related to Spasticity:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Spasticity ²⁹

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Anatomical Context for Spasticity

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Spasticity:

⁴¹

Spinal Cord, Brain, Testes, Skeletal Muscle, Bone, T Cells, Lung

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Publications for Spasticity

Articles related to Spasticity:

(show top 50) (show all 1378)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Optimizing the management of spasticity in people with spinal cord damage: a clinical care pathway for assessment and treatment decision-making from the Ability Network, an international initiative. ( 29428347 )	Lanig I....Yochelson M.	2018
2	O 026 - Negative impact of muscle weakness and spasticity on gait in children with unilateral cerebral palsy. ( 29954655 )	Papageorgiou E....Desloovere K.	2018
3	Ultrasound Strain Imaging to Assess the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Chronic Poststroke Spasticity. ( 29399851 )	Gao J....Min R.	2018
4	Title: Quantifying the change of spasticity after intrathecal baclofen administration: A descriptive retrospective analysis. ( 29913361 )	Pittelkow T.P....Hoelzer B.C.	2018
5	Phenol neurolysis for management of shoulder spasticity in early recovery from traumatic brain injury - a case report. ( 29933094 )	Mas M.F....Li S.	2018
6	Systematic review of systematic reviews for medical cannabinoids: Pain, nausea and vomiting, spasticity, and harms. ( 29449262 )	Allan G.M....Kolber M.R.	2018
7	Dynamic spasticity determines hamstring length and knee flexion angle during gait in children with spastic cerebral palsy. ( 29960141 )	Choi J.Y....Rha D.W.	2018
8	Defining spasticity: a new approach considering current movement disorders terminology and botulinum toxin therapy. ( 29423615 )	Dressler D....Saberi F.A.	2018
9	Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stroke Spasticity Using Neurophysiological and Radiological Tools: A Pilot Study. ( 29961736 )	Hong M.J....Lee D.H.	2018
10	Generating the Visual Biofeedback Signals Applicable to Reduction of Wrist Spasticity: A Pilot Study on Stroke Patients. ( 29942436 )	Zadnia A....Asghar Hosseini H.	2018
11	Effectiveness of Faradic and Russian currents on plantar flexor muscle spasticity, ankle motor recovery, and functional gait in stroke patients. ( 29417699 )	Ganesh G.S....Dakshinamoorthy A.	2018
12	Treatment patterns of in-patient spasticity medication use after traumatic spinal cord injury: a prospective cohort study. ( 29904191 )	Holtz K.A....Mills P.B.	2018
13	Impact of spasticity on transfers and activities of daily living in individuals with spinal cord injury. ( 29334339 )	Tibbett J....Field-Fote E.C.	2018
14	Assessment of Spasticity by a Pendulum Test in SCI Patients Who Exercise FES Cycling or Receive Only Conventional Therapy. ( 29324409 )	Popovic-Maneski L....Popovic D.B.	2018
15	Early AbobotulinumtoxinA (Dysport<sup>Ar</sup>) in Post-Stroke Adult Upper Limb Spasticity: ONTIME Pilot Study. ( 29933562 )	Rosales R.L....Kong K.H.	2018
16	The dosage and administration of long-term intrathecal baclofen therapy for severe spasticity of spinal origin. ( 29895878 )	Kawano O....Maeda T.	2018
17	Comparison of Single-Session Dose Response Effects of Whole Body Vibration on Spasticity and Walking Speed in Persons with Spinal Cord Injury. ( 29959653 )	Estes S....Field-Fote E.C.	2018
18	Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging to Assess the Biceps Brachii Muscle in Chronic Post-Stroke Spasticity: Preliminary Observation. ( 29398131 )	Gao J....O'Dell M.	2018
19	Supplemental Stimulation Improves Swing Phase Kinematics During Exoskeleton Assisted Gait of SCI Subjects With Severe Muscle Spasticity. ( 29910710 )	Ekelem A....Goldfarb M.	2018
20	Path analysis of strength, spasticity, gross motor function, and health-related quality of life in children with spastic cerebral palsy. ( 29673348 )	Park E.Y.	2018
21	The experience of spasticity after spinal cord injury: perceived characteristics and impact on daily life. ( 29339776 )	McKay W.B....Field-Fote E.C.	2018
22	Catgut implantation at acupoints increases the expression of glutamate aspartate transporter and glial glutamate transporter-1 in the brain of rats with spasticity after stroke. ( 29926828 )	Li R.Q....Feng X.D.	2018
23	Comments on &quot;Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation improves walking capacity and reduces spasticity in stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis&quot;. ( 29376421 )	Alwardat M.	2018
24	Association of Early-Onset Spasticity and Risk for Cognitive Impairment With Mutations at Amino Acid 499 in SPAST. ( 29421991 )	Gillespie M.K....Boycott K.M.	2018
25	The effects of different injection techniques of botulinum toxin a in post-stroke patients with plantar flexor spasticity. ( 29978276 )	Turna I.F....Turna O.	2018
26	Transcranial and spinal cord magnetic stimulation in treatment of spasticity: a literature review and meta-analysis. ( 28004906 )	Korzhova J....Piradov M.	2018
27	OnabotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Post-Stroke Distal Lower-Limb Spasticity: A Randomized Trial. ( 29330071 )	Wein T....Dimitrova R.	2018
28	Evaluating the functional outcomes of ultrasound-guided botulinum toxin type A injections using the Euro-musculus approach for upper limb spasticity treatment in post-stroke patients; an observational study. ( 29422486 )	Buyukavci R....Ersoy Y.	2018
29	Spasticity ( 29939646 )	Rivelis Y....Morice K.	2018
30	Selective peripheral neurolysis using high frequency ultrasound imaging: a novel approach in the treatment of spasticity. ( 29898589 )	Kaymak B....A9zAsakar L.	2018
31	The clinical assessment of spasticity in people with spinal cord damage: recommendations from the Ability Network, an international initiative. ( 29432722 )		2018
32	Botulinum Toxin-A Injection in the Treatment of Spasticity in a Infantile-Onset Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation: A Case Report. ( 29765892 )		2018
33	C-terminal proline deletions in KCNC3 cause delayed channel inactivation and an adult-onset progressive SCA13 with spasticity. ( 29949095 )		2018
34	Intrathecal baclofen therapy versus conventional medical management for severe poststroke spasticity: results from a multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label trial (SISTERS). ( 29326296 )		2018
35	Mild Intrauterine Hypoperfusion Leads to Lumbar and Cortical Hyperexcitability, Spasticity, and Muscle Dysfunctions in Rats: Implications for Prematurity. ( 29973904 )		2018
36	Effects of treadmill training combined with serotonergic interventions on spasticity after contusive spinal cord injury. ( 29336209 )		2018
37	Treatment with Botulinum Toxin for Refractory Fever Caused by Severe Spasticity: A Case Series. ( 29383493 )		2018
38	Cost Effectiveness of Long-Term Incobotulinumtoxin-A Treatment in the Management of Post-stroke Spasticity of the Upper Limb from the Australian Payer Perspective. ( 29915932 )		2018
39	A spasticity model based on feedback from muscle force explains muscle activity during passive stretches and gait in children with cerebral palsy. ( 30532154 )	Falisse A...De Groote F	2018
40	Influence of Spinal Manipulation on Muscle Spasticity and Manual Dexterity in Participants With Cerebral Palsy: Randomized Controlled Trial. ( 30228805 )	Kachmar O...Hasiuk M	2018
41	The Root-Ely Modified Test of Rectus Femoris Spasticity Has Reliability in Individuals with Cerebral Palsy. ( 29983655 )	Drefus LC...Scher DM	2018
42	Physiological responses during clinical spasticity evaluation in elbow flexors in children with cerebral palsy. ( 30028217 )	Br?ndvik SM...Roeleveld K	2018
43	Spasticity in adults with cerebral palsy and multiple sclerosis measured by objective clinically applicable technique. ( 30053672 )	Yamaguchi T...Lorentzen J	2018
44	Effectiveness of multiple botulinum toxin sessions and the duration of effects in spasticity therapy in children with cerebral palsy. ( 30058050 )	Mirska A...Dmitruk E	2018
45	Effects of a hippotherapy intervention on muscle spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial. ( 29705454 )	Lucena-Ant?n D...Moral-Munoz JA	2018
46	A novel sensor-based assessment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. ( 29866177 )	Choi S...Kim J	2018
47	Spasticity in children with cerebral palsy: what are we treating? ( 29624670 )	Gough M	2018
48	Ultrasonographic evaluation of changes in the muscle architecture of the gastrocnemius with botulinum toxin treatment for lower extremity spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. ( 29146092 )	Kawano A...Chosa E	2018
49	Number of Synergies Is Dependent on Spasticity and Gait Kinetics in Children With Cerebral Palsy. ( 29252834 )	Hashiguchi Y...Yamada S	2018
50	Commentary on "Number of Synergies Is Dependent on Spasticity and Gait Kinetics in Children With Cerebral Palsy". ( 29252835 )	Thomas M...Tremper M	2018

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Genes for Spasticity

Genes related to Spasticity (0 elite genes):

(show all 14)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	DARS	Aspartyl-TRNA Synthetase	Protein Coding	44.11	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
2	SACS	Sacsin Molecular Chaperone	Protein Coding	39.23	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
3	WASHC5	WASH Complex Subunit 5	Protein Coding	37.88	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
4	SLC2A1	Solute Carrier Family 2 Member 1	Protein Coding	34.08	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name (show sections)
5	ATP6AP2	ATPase H+ Transporting Accessory Protein 2	Protein Coding	32.99	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
6	SPAST	Spastin	Protein Coding	29.52	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
7	KIF1A	Kinesin Family Member 1A	Protein Coding	29.15	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
8	SPG7	SPG7, Paraplegin Matrix AAA Peptidase Subunit	Protein Coding	28.96	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
9	DDHD1	DDHD Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	27.87	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries (show sections)
10	TECPR2	Tectonin Beta-Propeller Repeat Containing 2	Protein Coding	27.77	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries (show sections)
11	CAPN1	Calpain 1	Protein Coding	26.23	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
12	SLC1A4	Solute Carrier Family 1 Member 4	Protein Coding	25.84	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
13	PCDH12	Protocadherin 12	Protein Coding	25.4	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
14	PLAA	Phospholipase A2 Activating Protein	Protein Coding	25.4	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Spasticity

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Spasticity:

⁶

#	Gene	Variation	Type	Significance	SNP ID	Assembly	Location
1	REEP1	NM_001164731.1(REEP1): c.524A> G (p.Ter175Trp)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs587781248	GRCh38	Chromosome 2, 86217101: 86217101
2	REEP1	NM_001164731.1(REEP1): c.524A> G (p.Ter175Trp)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs587781248	GRCh37	Chromosome 2, 86444224: 86444224
3	KIF7	NM_198525.2(KIF7): c.434A> C (p.Tyr145Ser)	single nucleotide variant	Likely pathogenic	rs758361736	GRCh37	Chromosome 15, 90193067: 90193067
4	KIF7	NM_198525.2(KIF7): c.434A> C (p.Tyr145Ser)	single nucleotide variant	Likely pathogenic	rs758361736	GRCh38	Chromosome 15, 89649836: 89649836
5	PMP22	NM_000304.3(PMP22): c.422T> G (p.Val141Gly)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs1057518804	GRCh37	Chromosome 17, 15134295: 15134295
6	PMP22	NM_000304.3(PMP22): c.422T> G (p.Val141Gly)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs1057518804	GRCh38	Chromosome 17, 15230978: 15230978
7	SPAST	NM_014946.3(SPAST): c.1276C> T (p.Leu426Phe)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs1060502227	GRCh37	Chromosome 2, 32361662: 32361662
8	SPAST	NM_014946.3(SPAST): c.1276C> T (p.Leu426Phe)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs1060502227	GRCh38	Chromosome 2, 32136593: 32136593
9	CREBBP	NM_004380.2(CREBBP): c.6185_6195delTCTCACCCAGC (p.Ile2062Serfs)	deletion	Likely pathogenic		GRCh37	Chromosome 16, 3778853: 3778863
10	CREBBP	NM_004380.2(CREBBP): c.6185_6195delTCTCACCCAGC (p.Ile2062Serfs)	deletion	Likely pathogenic		GRCh38	Chromosome 16, 3728852: 3728862

Sources

Expression for Spasticity

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Spasticity.

Sources

Pathways for Spasticity

Sources

GO Terms for Spasticity

Cellular components related to Spasticity according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular exosome	GO:0070062	9.56	ATP6AP2 CAPN1 DARS PCDH12 PLAA SLC1A4
2	axon cytoplasm	GO:1904115	8.8	KIF1A SPAST SPG7

Biological processes related to Spasticity according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	anterograde axonal transport	GO:0008089	8.8	KIF1A SPAST SPG7

Sources

Sources for Spasticity

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia