Spinal Muscular Atrophy disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: SPN046 MIFTS: 63	Spinal Muscular Atrophy Categories: Rare diseases, Neuronal diseases, Muscle diseases, Genetic diseases
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Aliases & Classifications for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

MalaCards integrated aliases for Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

Name: Spinal Muscular Atrophy ³⁸ ¹² ⁷⁶ ²⁴ ⁵³ ²⁵ ⁵⁴ ³⁷ ²⁹ ⁶ ⁴³ ¹⁵ ⁷³

Hereditary Motor Neuronopathy ²⁵ ⁷³

Progressive Muscular Atrophy ²⁵ ⁷³

Sma ⁵³ ²⁵

Atrophy, Muscular, Spinal ⁴⁰

Muscular Atrophy, Spinal ⁴⁴

Muscular Atrophy Spinal ⁵⁵

Spinal Amyotrophy ²⁵

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Genetic diseases
Anatomical: Neuronal diseases Muscle diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Diseases of the nervous system

Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the central nervous system

Spinal muscular atrophy and related syndromes

Spinal muscular atrophy, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:12377

ICD10 ³³ G12.9

ICD9CM ³⁵ 335.1 335.10

MeSH ⁴⁴ D009134

NCIt ⁵⁰ C85075

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 192885003 192887006 5262007

KEGG ³⁷ H00455

UMLS ⁷³ C0026847 C3661519

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Summaries for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

NINDS : ⁵⁴ Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Types I, II, and III belong to a group of hereditary diseases that cause weakness and wasting of the voluntary muscles in the arms and legs of infants and children. The disorders are caused by an abnormal or missing gene known as the survival motor neuron gene 1 (SMN1), which is responsible for the production of a protein essential to motor neurons. Without this protein, lower motor neurons in the spinal cord degenerate and die. The type of SMA (I, II, or III) is determined by the age of onset and the severity of symptoms. Type I (also known as Werdnig-Hoffman disease, or infantile-onset SMA) is evident at birth or within the first few months. Symptoms include floppy limbs and trunk, feeble movements of the arms and legs, swallowing and feeding difficulties, and impaired breathing. Type II (the intermediate form) usually begins 6 and 18 months of age. Legs tend to be more impaired than arms. Children with Type II may able to sit and some may be able to stand or walk with help. Symptoms of Type III (also called Kugelberg-Welander disease) appear between 2 and 17 years of age and include difficulty running, climbing steps, or rising from a chair. The lower extremities are most often affected. Complications include scoliosis and chronic shortening of muscles or tendons around joints.

MalaCards based summary : Spinal Muscular Atrophy, also known as hereditary motor neuronopathy, is related to spinal muscular atrophy, type iv and spinal muscular atrophy, type ii, and has symptoms including back pain, headache and pain. An important gene associated with Spinal Muscular Atrophy is SMN1 (Survival Of Motor Neuron 1, Telomeric), and among its related pathways/superpathways are RNA transport and COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic. The drugs Valproic Acid and Hydroxyurea have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, testes and brain, and related phenotypes are Decreased viability and Decreased viability

NIH Rare Diseases : ⁵³ Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) refers to a group of inherited conditions that affect the muscles. The severity of the condition; the associated signs and symptoms; and the age at which symptoms develop varies by subtype. In general, people with SMA experience progressive weakness and atrophy of muscles involved in mobility, the ability to sit unassisted, and head control. Breathing and swallowing may also be affected in severe cases. SMA is generally caused by changes (mutations) in the SMN1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Extra copies of the SMN2 gene modify the severity of SMA. Rare autosomal dominant (caused by mutations in DYNC1H1, BICD2, or VAPB genes) and X-linked (caused by mutations in UBA1) forms of SMA exist. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.

MedlinePlus : ⁴³ Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disease that attacks nerve cells, called motor neurons, in the spinal cord. These cells communicate with your voluntary muscles - the ones you can control, like in your arms and legs. As the neurons die, the muscles weaken. This can affect walking, crawling, breathing, swallowing, and head and neck control. SMA runs in families. Parents usually have no symptoms, but still carry the gene. Genetic counseling is important if the disease runs in your family. There are many types of SMA. Some of them are fatal. Some people have a normal life expectancy. It depends on the type and how it affects breathing. There is no cure. Treatments help with symptoms and prevent complications. They may include machines to help with breathing, nutritional support, physical therapy, and medicines. NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

Genetics Home Reference : ²⁵ Spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disorder that affects the control of muscle movement. It is caused by a loss of specialized nerve cells, called motor neurons, in the spinal cord and the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord (the brainstem). The loss of motor neurons leads to weakness and wasting (atrophy) of muscles used for activities such as crawling, walking, sitting up, and controlling head movement. In severe cases of spinal muscular atrophy, the muscles used for breathing and swallowing are affected. There are many types of spinal muscular atrophy distinguished by the pattern of features, severity of muscle weakness, and age when the muscle problems begin.

Disease Ontology : ¹² A motor neuron disease that is a degenerative neuromuscular disease characterized by lower motor neuron degeneration associated with progressive muscle weakness and atrophy.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disorder characterised by loss of motor neurons... more...

GeneReviews: NBK1352

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Related Diseases for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Diseases in the Spinal Muscular Atrophy family:

Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Type I	Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Type Iii
Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Type Ii	Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Type Iv
Juvenile Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Congenital Benign Spinal Muscular Atrophy Dominant

Diseases related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 175)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	spinal muscular atrophy, type iv	35.6	SMN1 SMN2 VAPB
2	spinal muscular atrophy, type ii	35.4	NAIP SMN1 SMN2
3	spinal muscular atrophy, type iii	35.4	NAIP SMN1 SMN2
4	spinal muscular atrophy, type i	35.3	IGHMBP2 NAIP SMN1 SMN2
5	survival motor neuron spinal muscular atrophy	35.2	NAIP SMN1 SMN2
6	juvenile spinal muscular atrophy	35.1	NAIP SMN1 SMN2 VAPB
7	spinal muscular atrophy with lower extremity predominance	35.0	BICD2 DYNC1H1
8	proximal spinal muscular atrophy	34.8	BICD2 NAIP SMN1 SMN2 SMNDC1
9	prenatal-onset spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures	34.3	ASCC1 TRIP4
10	progressive muscular atrophy	33.7	SMN1 SMN2 TRPV4
11	motor neuron disease	33.5	DYNC1H1 NAIP SMN1 SMN2 VAPB
12	neuromuscular disease	33.1	NAIP SMN1 SMN2 TRPV4
13	spinal disease	32.7	NAIP SMN1 SMN2
14	amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1	31.6	DNAJB2 NAIP SMN1 SMN2 VAPB
15	tooth disease	31.0	DYNC1H1 IGHMBP2 PLEKHG5 TRPV4
16	congenital contractures	30.6	ASCC1 TRIP4 UBA1
17	charcot-marie-tooth disease	30.5	DNAJB2 DYNC1H1 IGHMBP2 PLEKHG5 TRPV4
18	muscular atrophy	29.6	ASAH1 ASCC1 ATP7A BICD2 DDX20 DNAJB2
19	spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 1	12.8
20	spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 1, autosomal dominant	12.8
21	spinal muscular atrophy, x-linked 2	12.7
22	scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy	12.7
23	spinal muscular atrophy, lower extremity-predominant, 2, autosomal dominant	12.7
24	spinal muscular atrophy, late-onset, finkel type	12.6
25	spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 2	12.6
26	spinal muscular atrophy, distal, x-linked 3	12.6
27	spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy	12.6
28	spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 4	12.6
29	spinal muscular atrophy, jokela type	12.5
30	spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 5	12.5
31	spinal muscular atrophy, distal, autosomal recessive, 3	12.5
32	spinal muscular atrophy, type i, with congenital bone fractures	12.4
33	spinal muscular atrophy with congenital bone fractures 2	12.4
34	spinal muscular atrophy with respiratory distress type 2	12.3
35	spinal muscular atrophy, segmental	12.3
36	autosomal dominant childhood-onset proximal spinal muscular atrophy	12.3
37	spinal muscular atrophy-dandy-walker malformation-cataracts syndrome	12.2
38	spinal muscular atrophy, ryukyuan type	12.1
39	spinal muscular atrophy, facioscapulohumeral type	12.1
40	adult progressive spinal muscular atrophy aran duchenne type	12.1
41	spinal muscular atrophy with mental retardation	12.1
42	spinal muscular atrophy with microcephaly and mental subnormality	12.1
43	arthrogryposis spinal muscular atrophy	12.1
44	congenital benign spinal muscular atrophy dominant	12.1
45	pontocerebellar hypoplasia, type 1a	11.9
46	amyotrophy, monomelic	11.8
47	distal hereditary motor neuropathies	11.7
48	distal hereditary motor neuropathy, type v	11.7
49	distal hereditary motor neuropathy type 7	11.6
50	encephalopathy, progressive, with amyotrophy and optic atrophy	11.6

Comorbidity relations with Spinal Muscular Atrophy via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):

Acute Cystitis

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

UMLS symptoms related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

back pain, headache, pain, sciatica, seizures, syncope, tremor, chronic pain, vertigo/dizziness, sleeplessness

GenomeRNAi Phenotypes related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

²⁶

#	Description	GenomeRNAi Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Decreased viability	GR00240-S-1	10.05	ASAH1 SMN2
2	Decreased viability	GR00381-A-1	10.05	ASAH1 UBA1 GTF2H2
3	Decreased viability	GR00402-S-2	10.05	PLEKHG5 SMN1 ASAH1 ASCC1 SMN2 ATP7A
4	Decreased ionizing radiation sensitivity	GR00232-A-1	9.7	SMN1 TRIP4 TRPV4 DYNC1H1 UBA1 GEMIN2
5	no effect	GR00402-S-1	9.62	PLEKHG5 ASAH1 SMN1 SMN2 ASCC1 ATP7A

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

⁴⁶

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	muscle	MP:0005369	9.17	ATP7A DYNC1H1 IGHMBP2 PLEKHG5 SMN2 TRPV4

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Drugs for Spinal Muscular Atrophy (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 64)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Valproic Acid

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

99-66-1

3121

Hydroxyurea

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

127-07-1

3657

Riluzole

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

1744-22-5

5070

4-Aminopyridine

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

504-24-5

1727

Anticonvulsants

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Antimanic Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

GABA Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 3,Phase 2,Phase 1

Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Phase 2, Phase 3,Phase 1

Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

Phase 2, Phase 3

Excitatory Amino Acids

Phase 2, Phase 3

Neuroprotective Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

Protective Agents

Phase 2, Phase 3

Potassium Channel Blockers

Phase 2, Phase 3

Leuprolide

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

53714-56-0

3911 657181

Methyltestosterone

Approved

Phase 2

58-18-4

6010

Testosterone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

58-22-0

6013

Testosterone enanthate

Approved

Phase 2

315-37-7

9416

Testosterone undecanoate

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

5949-44-0

Piracetam

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

7491-74-9

Celecoxib

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2

169590-42-5

2662

Etiracetam

Investigational

Phase 2

33996-58-6

Bromides

Phase 2

Cholinergic Agents

Phase 2

Cholinesterase Inhibitors

Phase 2

Pyridostigmine Bromide

Phase 2

101-26-8

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 2

Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein

Phase 2

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 2,Phase 1

4-phenylbutyric acid

Phase 1, Phase 2,Phase 2

Hormones

Phase 2,Phase 1

Anabolic Agents

Phase 2

Androgens

Phase 2

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Phase 2

Fertility Agents

Phase 2

Hormone Antagonists

Phase 2,Phase 1

Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists

Phase 2,Phase 1

Testosterone 17 beta-cypionate

Phase 2

Nootropic Agents

Phase 2

Analgesics

Phase 2

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Phase 2

Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors

Phase 2

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Phase 2

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 2

carnitine

Nutraceutical

Phase 2,Phase 1

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 107)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Valproate and Levocarnitine in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Unknown status	NCT01671384	Phase 3	Valproate, Levocarnitine;Placebo
2	A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Participants With Later-onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	Completed	NCT02292537	Phase 3	Nusinersen
3	A Trial of Hydroxyurea in Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Completed	NCT00485511	Phase 2, Phase 3	Hydroxyurea
4	Short and Long Term Treatment With 4-AP in Ambulatory SMA Patients	Completed	NCT01645787	Phase 2, Phase 3	4-aminopyridine;Placebo
5	Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Riluzole in Children and Young Adults With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	Completed	NCT00774423	Phase 2, Phase 3	Riluzole
6	Pre-Symptomatic Study of Intravenous AVXS-101 in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) for Patients With Multiple Copies of SMN2	Recruiting	NCT03505099	Phase 3
7	Investigate Safety, Tolerability, PK, PD and Efficacy of RO7034067 in Infants With Type1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Recruiting	NCT02913482	Phase 2, Phase 3	RO7034067
8	A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Efficacy of RO7034067 in Type 2 and 3 Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Participants	Recruiting	NCT02908685	Phase 2, Phase 3	Placebo;RO7034067
9	Gene Replacement Therapy Clinical Trial for Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1	Active, not recruiting	NCT03306277	Phase 3
10	A Study for Participants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Who Previously Participated in Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) Investigational Studies.	Enrolling by invitation	NCT02594124	Phase 3	nusinersen
11	Single-Dose Gene Replacement Therapy Clinical Trial for Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1	Not yet recruiting	NCT03461289	Phase 3
12	A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Infants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Terminated	NCT02193074	Phase 3	nusinersen
13	Safety and Efficacy Study of Pyridostigmine on Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 3	Unknown status	NCT02227823	Phase 2	Pyridostigmine Bromide
14	A Pilot Therapeutic Trial Using Hydroxyurea in Type II and Type III Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients	Unknown status	NCT00568802	Phase 1, Phase 2	Hydroxyurea
15	Safety and Tolerability of Anakinra in Combination With Riluzol in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis	Unknown status	NCT01277315	Phase 2	Anakinra
16	Valproic Acid in Ambulant Adults With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Completed	NCT00481013	Phase 2	Valproic Acid (VPA);Placebo
17	Valproic Acid and Carnitine in Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Completed	NCT00227266	Phase 2	Valproic Acid and Levocarnitine;Placebo
18	Study to Evaluate Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Pre-symptomatic Infants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Completed	NCT00528268	Phase 1, Phase 2	Sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB)
19	CARNIVAL Type I: Valproic Acid and Carnitine in Infants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Type I	Completed	NCT00661453	Phase 1, Phase 2	Valproic Acid and Levocarnitine
20	A Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety and Pharmacokinetics of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Infants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	Completed	NCT01839656	Phase 2	nusinersen
21	An Open-label Safety, Tolerability and Dose-Range Finding Study of Multiple Doses of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Participants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Completed	NCT01703988	Phase 1, Phase 2	Nusinersen
22	A Pilot Therapeutic Trial Using Hydroxyurea in Type I Spinal Muscular Atrophy Patients	Completed	NCT00568698	Phase 1, Phase 2	Hydroxyurea
23	SPACE Trial: Pyridostigmine vs Placebo in SMA Types 2, 3 and 4	Completed	NCT02941328	Phase 2	Pyridostigmine;Placebo
24	Safety and Efficacy of Olesoxime (TRO19622) in 3-25 Years SMA Patients.	Completed	NCT01302600	Phase 2	Olesoxime;Placebo
25	Pilot Study of Growth Hormon to Treat SMA Typ II and III	Completed	NCT00533221	Phase 2	somatotropin;Placebo
26	Phase II Study of Leuprolide and Testosterone for Men With Kennedy's Disease or Other Motor Neuron Disease	Completed	NCT00004771	Phase 2	leuprolide;testosterone
27	Levetiracetam for Cramps, Spasticity and Neuroprotection in Motor Neuron Disease	Completed	NCT00324454	Phase 2
28	Effects of Power Mobility on Young Children With Severe Motor Impairments	Completed	NCT01028833	Phase 2
29	An Open Label Study of LMI070 (Branaplam) in Type 1 Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	Recruiting	NCT02268552	Phase 1, Phase 2	branaplam
30	A Study of RO7034067 in Adult and Pediatric Participants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Recruiting	NCT03032172	Phase 2	RO7034067
31	Allogeneic Adipose Derived Stem Cells for Werdnig Hoffman Patients	Recruiting	NCT02855112	Phase 1, Phase 2
32	A Study of CK-2127107 in Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Active, not recruiting	NCT02644668	Phase 2	CK-2127107 150 mg;Placebo;CK-2127107 450 mg
33	A Study of Multiple Doses of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) Delivered to Infants With Genetically Diagnosed and Presymptomatic Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Active, not recruiting	NCT02386553	Phase 2	Nusinersen
34	A Study to Assess the Safety and Tolerability of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Participants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA).	Active, not recruiting	NCT02462759	Phase 2	Nusinersen
35	A Study to Evaluate Long Term Safety, Tolerability, and Effectiveness of Olesoxime in Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	Active, not recruiting	NCT02628743	Phase 2	Olesoxime
36	A Study to Assess FLX-787 in Subjects With Motor Neuron Disease Experiencing Muscle Cramps.	Active, not recruiting	NCT03196375	Phase 2	FLX-787-ODT (orally disintegrating tablet);Placebo ODT
37	Autologous Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cell Therapy for Motor Neuron Disease	Active, not recruiting	NCT03067857	Phase 1, Phase 2
38	Effect of Low-Dose Celecoxib on SMN2 in Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Not yet recruiting	NCT02876094	Phase 2	celecoxib
39	Clinical Trial of Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type I	Terminated	NCT00439218	Phase 1, Phase 2	sodium phenylbutyrate
40	Clinical Trial of Sodium Phenylbutyrate in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Types II or III	Terminated	NCT00439569	Phase 1, Phase 2	sodium phenylbutyrate
41	Gene Transfer Clinical Trial for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1	Completed	NCT02122952	Phase 1
42	An Open-label Safety and Tolerability Study of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Participants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Who Previously Participated in ISIS 396443-CS2 (NCT01703988) or ISIS 396443-CS10 (NCT01780246)	Completed	NCT02052791	Phase 1	nusinersen
43	An Open-label Safety and Tolerability Study of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Participants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy Who Previously Participated in ISIS 396443-CS1 (NCT01494701)	Completed	NCT01780246	Phase 1	nusinersen
44	An Open-label Safety, Tolerability, and Dose-range Finding Study of Nusinersen (ISIS 396443) in Participants With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	Completed	NCT01494701	Phase 1	nusinersen
45	Study of Safety and Dosing Effect on SMN Levels of Valproic Acid (VPA) in Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Completed	NCT00374075	Phase 1	Valproic Acid
46	A Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of RO7034067 (RG7916) Given by Mouth in Healthy Volunteers	Completed	NCT02633709	Phase 1	Itraconazole;RO7034067
47	Study of Intrathecal Administration of AVXS-101 for Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Recruiting	NCT03381729	Phase 1
48	A Study of RO6885247 in Adult and Pediatric Patients With Spinal Muscular Atrophy (MOONFISH)	Terminated	NCT02240355	Phase 1	RO6885247;placebo
49	Mechanisms of Cell Death in Spinal Muscular Atrophy	Unknown status	NCT01754441
50	Motor Development and Orthoses in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)	Unknown status	NCT00961103

Search NIH Clinical Center for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Cell-based therapeutics:

Data from LifeMap, the Embryonic Development and Stem Cells Database

Read about Spinal Muscular Atrophy cell therapies at LifeMap Discovery.

Stem-cell-based therapeutic approaches for Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

MotorGraft

Embryonic/Adult Cultured Cells Related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

Motor neuron progenitor cells

Cochrane evidence based reviews: muscular atrophy, spinal

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Genetic Tests for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Genetic tests related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Spinal Muscular Atrophy ²⁹	GEMIN2 SMNDC1

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Anatomical Context for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

⁴¹

Spinal Cord, Testes, Brain, Bone, Skeletal Muscle, Heart, Tongue

Sources

Publications for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Articles related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

(show top 50) (show all 1230)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	CHP1 reduction ameliorates spinal muscular atrophy pathology by restoring calcineurin activity and endocytosis. ( 29961886 )	Janzen E....Wirth B.	2018
2	Mathematical Disease Progression Modeling in Type 2/3 Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29938801 )	Jacqmin P....Sanwald Ducray P.	2018
3	Commentary on &quot;Quantitative Evaluation of Lower Extremity Joint Contractures in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Implications for Motor Function&quot;. ( 29924071 )	Nelson L....Valle M.	2018
4	Advances in spinal muscular atrophy therapeutics. ( 29434670 )	Parente V....Corti S.	2018
5	Weight-Loss Cognitive-Behavioural Treatment and Essential Amino Acid Supplementation in a Patient with Spinal Muscular Atrophy and Obesity. ( 29887892 )	El Ghoch M....Dalle Grave R.	2018
6	c.835-5T&gt;G Variant in SMN1 Gene Causes Transcript Exclusion of Exon 7 and Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29799103 )	Wu S....Chen W.J.	2018
7	Ambulatory function in spinal muscular atrophy: Age-related patterns of progression. ( 29944707 )	Montes J....Mercuri E.	2018
8	Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29394306 )	Whittaker H.T....Michell-Robinson M.A.	2018
9	CORRIGENDUM: Reproductive genetic carrier screening for cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome, and spinal muscular atrophy in Australia: outcomes of 12,000 tests. ( 29388943 )	Archibald A.D....Amor D.J.	2018
10	Effects of Arm Cycling Exercise in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type II Patients: A Pilot Study. ( 29327642 )	Bora G....Erdem-Yurter H.	2018
11	RNP Assembly Defects in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29916019 )	Price P.L....Rossoll W.	2018
12	The SMN1 common variant c.22 dupA in Chinese patients causes spinal muscular atrophy by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in humans. ( 29080838 )	Bai J....Song F.	2018
13	Nusinersen versus Sham Control in Later-Onset Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29443664 )	Mercuri E....Finkel R.S.	2018
14	Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29394473 )	Mendell J.R.	2018
15	Cost-effectiveness of Nusinersen for Spinal Muscular Atrophy-Reply. ( 29800980 )	Prasad V.	2018
16	Severe ketoacidosis in a patient with spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29978296 )	Lakkis B....Koubar S.H.	2018
17	Limited maximal mouth opening in patients with spinal muscular atrophy complicates endotracheal intubation: An observational study. ( 29975223 )	Wijngaarde C.A....van der Pol W.L.	2018
18	Overview of Current Drugs and Molecules in Development for Spinal Muscular Atrophy Therapy. ( 29380287 )	Shorrock H.K....Groen E.J.N.	2018
19	Making a (cautious) case for expanding reproductive genetic carrier screens: Australian researchers report success, and caveats, with a simultaneous panel of cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome, and spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29446568 )		2018
20	Accurate diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy and 22q11.2 deletion syndrome using limited deoxynucleotide triphosphates and high-resolution melting. ( 29925309 )	Zhang X....Fu Q.	2018
21	Mechanism of Splicing Regulation of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Genes. ( 29916015 )	Singh R.N....Singh N.N.	2018
22	Position Statement: Sharing of Clinical Research Data in Spinal Muscular Atrophy to Accelerate Research and Improve Outcomes for Patients. ( 29865093 )	LochmA1ller H....Wilson P.	2018
23	Author Correction: Neuronal activity regulates DROSHA via autophagy in spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29967434 )	GonAsalves I.D.C.G....Kye M.J.	2018
24	Increasing Agrin Function Antagonizes Muscle Atrophy and Motor Impairment in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29440993 )	Boido M....Vercelli A.	2018
25	Vibration-Assisted Home Training Program for Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29977975 )	Stark C....Schoenau E.	2018
26	Hirayama Disease (Non-progressive Juvenile Spinal Muscular Atrophy) ( 29763088 )	Lay S.E....Sharma S.	2018
27	Type 0 Spinal Muscular Atrophy in rare association with congenital Contracture and generalized osteopenia. ( 29379570 )	Singh A....Tripathi P.	2018
28	Autophagy inhibition: a new therapeutic target in spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29863009 )	Piras A....Boido M.	2018
29	Motor neuron disease: A prospective natural history study of type 1 spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29348544 )	Bertini E....Mercuri E.	2018
30	Quantitative Evaluation of Lower Extremity Joint Contractures in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Implications for Motor Function. ( 29924070 )	Salazar R....De Vivo D.C.	2018
31	Modelling motor neuron disease in fruit flies: Lessons from spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29649521 )	Aquilina B....Cauchi R.J.	2018
32	Increase of HCN current in the aberrant excitability of spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29394509 )	Lai H.J....Tsai L.K.	2018
33	Cost-effectiveness of Nusinersen for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29801053 )	Richardson R.C.	2018
34	Impaired Local Translation of I^-actin mRNA in Ighmbp2-Deficient Motoneurons: Implications for Spinal Muscular Atrophy with respiratory Distress (SMARD1). ( 29928949 )	Surrey V....Jablonka S.	2018
35	Advances in therapy for spinal muscular atrophy: promises and challenges. ( 29422644 )	Groen E.J.N....Gillingwater T.H.	2018
36	Spinal muscular atrophy with progressive myoclonic epilepsy linked to mutations in ASAH1. ( 29169047 )	Yildiz E.P....Ozmen M.	2018
37	Utility of two SMN1 variants to improve spinal muscular atrophy carrier diagnosis and genetic counselling. ( 29904179 )	AlA-as L....Tizzano E.F.	2018
38	Tongue Fasciculations and Electrocardiographic Tremors in Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29429566 )	Sharawat I.K....Sankhyan N.	2018
39	Small-molecule flunarizine increases SMN protein in nuclear Cajal bodies and motor function in a mouse model of spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29391529 )	Sapaly D....Lefebvre S.	2018
40	New quantitative method for evaluation of motor functions applicable to spinal muscular atrophy. ( 29395660 )	Matsumaru N....Kato Z.	2018
41	Only some patients with bulbar and spinal muscular atrophy may develop cardiac disease. ( 29326874 )	Finsterer J....StAPllberger C.	2018
42	A missense mutation in DYNC1H1 gene causing spinal muscular atrophy - Lower extremity, dominant. ( 29306600 )	Das J....Ealing J.	2018
43	Therapy for Spinal Muscular Atrophy. ( 29385371 )	Finkel R.S....Farwell W.	2018
44	Cardiac pathology in spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic review. ( 28399889 )	Wijngaarde C.A....van der Pol W.L.	2017
45	How the discovery of ISS-N1 led to the first medical therapy for spinal muscular atrophy. ( 28485722 )	Singh N.N....Singh R.N.	2017
46	Another milestone in childhood spinal muscular atrophy. ( 28460890 )	Wokke J.H.	2017
47	Notable Carrier Risks for Individuals Having Two Copies of SMN1 in Spinal Muscular Atrophy Families with 2-copy Alleles: Estimation Based on Chinese Meta-analysis Data. ( 27422779 )	Wei X....Wu L.	2017
48	Correction: Hyperleptinemia in children with autosomal recessive spinal muscular atrophy type I-III. ( 28384258 )	KAPlbel H....Schara U.	2017
49	Transcript levels of plastin 3 and neuritin 1 modifier genes in spinal muscular atrophy siblings. ( 27279027 )	Yener A.^.H....Dayangac-Erden D.	2017
50	Amphiphilic lipopeptide significantly enhances uptake of charge-neutral splice switching morpholino oligonucleotide in spinal muscular atrophy patient-derived fibroblasts. ( 28864392 )	Tajik-Ahmadabad B....Shabanpoor F.	2017

Sources

Genes for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Genes related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy (5 elite genes):

(show all 42)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubmedIds
1	SMN1	Survival Of Motor Neuron 1, Telomeric	Protein Coding	485.64	Pathogenic ⁶ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Gene name Summaries Variants (show sections)	17761651 15964810 17761649 (more) 17761657 12244096 11092763 12452462 16554261 9363657 10205265 11509571 15858401 15000810 15832310 18546169 17250498 11978761 11791208 11283611 11121410 10405443 10369311 10601333 19050931 15944201 12427909 11641277 10772809 10556282 9708795 9073029 19663601 17932121 11925564 11504604 10749994 10686493 10226744 9845364 14711346 9153488 15494309 12872254 11773003 11562575 11302690 10234506 9801871 9199562 8880702 16331551 16607616 16481599 11389857 11332465 10732802 9302277 8882869 19350502 18178576 17761655 16617248 15523494 14676483 14595654 10339583 8808598 20025960 19228773 18078930 16936383 15580564 12783893 17585203 16385450 8595417 9503025 9719377 9817934 10607836 11322942 9259265 9029072 8981949 8929942 20162870 19716110 19373809 19215052 17027862 20194437 19928837 19480685 19287802 18791638 18508340 17924536 17475491 11798607
2	BICD2	BICD Cargo Adaptor 2	Protein Coding	444.79	Pathogenic ⁶ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
3	DYNC1H1	Dynein Cytoplasmic 1 Heavy Chain 1	Protein Coding	444.61	Pathogenic ⁶ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
4	GEMIN2	Gem Nuclear Organelle Associated Protein 2	Protein Coding	126.8	Genetic Tests ²⁹ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10909848 11092763
5	SMNDC1	Survival Motor Neuron Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	120.65	Genetic Tests ²⁹ DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
6	SMN2	Survival Of Motor Neuron 2, Centromeric	Protein Coding	73.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)	16554261 17761649 18546169 (more) 20194437 17407069 14766219 17761657 19207472 18533950 16385450 18842367 19716110 14742439 9153454 16439605 16000068 16049920 19922137 17609673 17217749 15981080 15944201 11424133 11153908 9002676 18971205 16449646 14711346 12915451 12242541 10655541 20186123 18178576 17065443 11977189 11835381 20025960 20161659 19953646 18771690 18078930 16508748 11504604 18844099 17761653 16931506 12673282 11977191 11642117 9801871 9199562 19287802 17924536 12833158 9259265 19373809 16724231 17585203
7	NAIP	NLR Family Apoptosis Inhibitory Protein	Protein Coding	58.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Functions (show sections)	9363657 9341874 17250498 (more) 9073029 10369311 8882869 18533950 16936383 14676483 11030753 10686493 9667776 8606706 9503025 9713008 11924116 11243588 17175684 12445469 11896143 11332465 10683821 10640764 19405914 18071605 19287802 9439064 10735271 19198020 12903402 9295075 16936378 12001651 10719817 10686495 10565186 8852661 8824882 11642117 9801871 9225684 11798607 10194256 11912351 17682539 17510375 18842367 8929942
8	ASAH1	N-Acylsphingosine Amidohydrolase 1	Protein Coding	52.11	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
9	ATP7A	ATPase Copper Transporting Alpha	Protein Coding	49.7	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
10	IGHMBP2	Immunoglobulin Mu Binding Protein 2	Protein Coding	49.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Variants (show sections)	19157874 15269181 18263757 (more) 19299493 14506069 17236770 17431882 15797190 15290238
11	TRIP4	Thyroid Hormone Receptor Interactor 4	Protein Coding	47.47	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries Variants (show sections)
12	DDX20	DEAD-Box Helicase 20	Protein Coding	44.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)	10601333 10909848
13	TRPV4	Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily V Member 4	Protein Coding	44.35	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
14	DNAJB2	DnaJ Heat Shock Protein Family (Hsp40) Member B2	Protein Coding	43.76	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
15	ZPR1	ZPR1 Zinc Finger	Protein Coding	42.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries Expressions (show sections)
16	UBA1	Ubiquitin Like Modifier Activating Enzyme 1	Protein Coding	41.86	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
17	PLEKHG5	Pleckstrin Homology And RhoGEF Domain Containing G5	Protein Coding	41.18	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Summaries Variants (show sections)
18	VAPB	VAMP Associated Protein B And C	Protein Coding	40.53	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
19	ASCC1	Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 Complex Subunit 1	Protein Coding	36.48	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Variants (show sections)
20	GTF2H2	General Transcription Factor IIH Subunit 2	Protein Coding	33.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)	17903057 10673506 10686493
21	SERF1A	Small EDRK-Rich Factor 1A	Protein Coding	33.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Gene name Summaries (show sections)
22	AR	Androgen Receptor	Protein Coding	26.26	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
23	COIL	Coilin	Protein Coding	23.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	11641277
24	CHCHD10	Coiled-Coil-Helix-Coiled-Coil-Helix Domain Containing 10	Protein Coding	22.56	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
25	VRK1	Vaccinia Related Kinase 1	Protein Coding	21.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
26	KDSR	3-Ketodihydrosphingosine Reductase	Protein Coding	21.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications Summaries (show sections)
27	MAP1B	Microtubule Associated Protein 1B	Protein Coding	21.39	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	1881920 1505990 8449502
28	SCO2	SCO2, Cytochrome C Oxidase Assembly Protein	Protein Coding	19.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12020273 18332255 19879173
29	GARS	Glycyl-TRNA Synthetase	Protein Coding	19.3	GeneCards inferred via : Publications Variants (show sections)
30	HEXA	Hexosaminidase Subunit Alpha	Protein Coding	18.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	9153525 11460829 7898712 (more) 10434678
31	LSM2	LSM2 Homolog, U6 Small Nuclear RNA And MRNA Degradation Associated	Protein Coding	18.68	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	10851237 10500148 19244360 (more) 18485864 19343312 9323129
32	SIGMAR1	Sigma Non-Opioid Intracellular Receptor 1	Protein Coding	17.99	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Variants (show sections)
33	TBCE	Tubulin Folding Cofactor E	Protein Coding	16.48	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
34	GAR1	GAR1 Ribonucleoprotein	Protein Coding	15.03	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12244096
35	PLS3	Plastin 3	Protein Coding	14.81	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
36	HDAC9	Histone Deacetylase 9	Protein Coding	14.25	Novoseek inferred ⁵⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	18230051 17998807 19388875 (more) 16805808 19355990
37	HNRNPA1	Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein A1	Protein Coding	13.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
38	HNRNPR	Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein R	Protein Coding	12.94	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
39	GEMIN4	Gem Nuclear Organelle Associated Protein 4	Protein Coding	12.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
40	SERF1B	Small EDRK-Rich Factor 1B	Protein Coding	12.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
41	GEMIN8	Gem Nuclear Organelle Associated Protein 8	Protein Coding	12.82	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
42	GEMIN5	Gem Nuclear Organelle Associated Protein 5	Protein Coding	12.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

Sources

Variations for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Spinal Muscular Atrophy:

⁶

(show top 50) (show all 181)

#	Gene	Variation	Type	Significance	SNP ID	Assembly	Location
1	BICD2	NM_001003800.1(BICD2): c.320C> T (p.Ser107Leu)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs398123028	GRCh37	Chromosome 9, 95491439: 95491439
2	BICD2	NM_001003800.1(BICD2): c.320C> T (p.Ser107Leu)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs398123028	GRCh38	Chromosome 9, 92729157: 92729157
3	DYNC1H1	NM_001376.4(DYNC1H1): c.791G> T (p.Arg264Leu)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs713993043	GRCh38	Chromosome 14, 101980380: 101980380
4	DYNC1H1	NM_001376.4(DYNC1H1): c.791G> T (p.Arg264Leu)	single nucleotide variant	Pathogenic	rs713993043	GRCh37	Chromosome 14, 102446717: 102446717
5	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2439G> A (p.Ala813=)	single nucleotide variant	Benign/Likely benign	rs624147	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68704387: 68704387
6	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2439G> A (p.Ala813=)	single nucleotide variant	Benign/Likely benign	rs624147	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68936919: 68936919
7	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2636C> A (p.Thr879Lys)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs17612126	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68705674: 68705674
8	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2636C> A (p.Thr879Lys)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs17612126	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68938206: 68938206
9	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2922T> G (p.Asp974Glu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs147674615	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68707139: 68707139
10	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2922T> G (p.Asp974Glu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs147674615	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68939671: 68939671
11	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2793C> T (p.Gly931=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs139926138	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68707010: 68707010
12	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2793C> T (p.Gly931=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs139926138	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68939542: 68939542
13	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.741C> T (p.Ala247=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs76707931	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68682320: 68682320
14	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.741C> T (p.Ala247=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs76707931	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68914852: 68914852
15	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1104C> T (p.Tyr368=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs148157556	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68696694: 68696694
16	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1104C> T (p.Tyr368=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs148157556	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68929226: 68929226
17	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.767C> G (p.Ala256Gly)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs148095551	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68914878: 68914878
18	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.767C> G (p.Ala256Gly)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs148095551	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68682346: 68682346
19	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.857G> A (p.Arg286Gln)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs200566598	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68914968: 68914968
20	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.857G> A (p.Arg286Gln)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs200566598	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68682436: 68682436
21	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1193C> T (p.Ala398Val)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs35193202	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68696783: 68696783
22	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1193C> T (p.Ala398Val)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs35193202	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68929315: 68929315
23	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2872A> G (p.Asn958Asp)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs141873613	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68707089: 68707089
24	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2872A> G (p.Asn958Asp)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs141873613	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68939621: 68939621
25	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.548-10T> G	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs139207271	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68678898: 68678898
26	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.548-10T> G	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs139207271	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68911430: 68911430
27	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.381C> G (p.Ser127Arg)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs775782198	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68675737: 68675737
28	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.381C> G (p.Ser127Arg)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs775782198	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68908269: 68908269
29	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2360C> T (p.Pro787Leu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs141594765	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68704308: 68704308
30	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2360C> T (p.Pro787Leu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs141594765	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68936840: 68936840
31	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2674A> G (p.Lys892Glu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs201970407	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68705712: 68705712
32	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2674A> G (p.Lys892Glu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs201970407	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68938244: 68938244
33	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2837G> A (p.Arg946Gln)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs149824485	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68707054: 68707054
34	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.2837G> A (p.Arg946Gln)	single nucleotide variant	Uncertain significance	rs149824485	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68939586: 68939586
35	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.-2C> T	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs4930624	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68671419: 68671419
36	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.-2C> T	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs4930624	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68903951: 68903951
37	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.57T> C (p.Leu19=)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs1249463	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68671477: 68671477
38	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.57T> C (p.Leu19=)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs1249463	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68904009: 68904009
39	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.151C> G (p.Gln51Glu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs117061430	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68673601: 68673601
40	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.151C> G (p.Gln51Glu)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs117061430	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68906133: 68906133
41	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.180C> T (p.Tyr60=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs34617762	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68673630: 68673630
42	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.180C> T (p.Tyr60=)	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs34617762	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68906162: 68906162
43	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.602T> C (p.Leu201Ser)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs560096	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68678962: 68678962
44	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.602T> C (p.Leu201Ser)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs560096	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68911494: 68911494
45	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.823A> G (p.Ile275Val)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs10896380	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68914934: 68914934
46	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.823A> G (p.Ile275Val)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs10896380	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68682402: 68682402
47	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1538-8C> G	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs115320302	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68701924: 68701924
48	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1538-8C> G	single nucleotide variant	Conflicting interpretations of pathogenicity	rs115320302	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68934456: 68934456
49	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1554C> T (p.Val518=)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs11228413	GRCh37	Chromosome 11, 68701948: 68701948
50	IGHMBP2	NM_002180.2(IGHMBP2): c.1554C> T (p.Val518=)	single nucleotide variant	Benign	rs11228413	GRCh38	Chromosome 11, 68934480: 68934480

Copy number variations for Spinal Muscular Atrophy from CNVD:

⁷ (show all 22)

#	CNVD ID	Chromosom	Start	End	Type	Gene Symbol	CNVD Disease
1	56865	11	61700000	63400000	Gain or loss	BSCL2	Spinal muscular atrophy
2	57464	11	63400000	77100000	Copy number	BSCL2	Spinal muscular atrophy
3	198524	5	25700000	76400000	Deletion	SMN1	Spinal muscular atrophy
4	199998	5	464244	70285525	Copy number	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy
5	199999	5	464244	70285525	Copy number	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy
6	200000	5	464244	70285525	Deletion	SMN	Spinal muscular atrophy
7	200001	5	464244	70285525	Deletion	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy
8	201211	5	66700000	76900000	Amplification		Spinal muscular atrophy
9	201213	5	66700000	76900000	Copy number	SMN1	Spinal muscular atrophy
10	201214	5	66700000	76900000	Copy number	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy
11	201215	5	66700000	76900000	Deletion	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy
12	201332	5	68400000	73300000	Gain or loss	SMA3	Spinal muscular atrophy
13	201333	5	68400000	73300000	Gain or loss	SMA4	Spinal muscular atrophy
14	201334	5	68400000	73300000	Gain or loss	SMN1	Spinal muscular atrophy
15	201335	5	68400000	73300000	Copy number	SMA3	Spinal muscular atrophy
16	201336	5	68400000	73300000	Copy number	SMA3	Spinal muscular atrophy
17	201337	5	68400000	73300000	Copy number	SMA4	Spinal muscular atrophy
18	201338	5	68400000	73300000	Copy number	SMA4	Spinal muscular atrophy
19	201473	5	69345349	70249769	Copy number	SMN	Spinal muscular atrophy
20	201474	5	69345349	70249769	Copy number	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy
21	201475	5	69345349	70249769	Copy number	SMN2	Spinal muscular atrophy
22	201476	5	69345349	70249769	Deletion	SMN1	Spinal muscular atrophy

Sources

Expression for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Spinal Muscular Atrophy.

Sources

Pathways for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Pathways related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy according to KEGG:

³⁷

#	Name	Kegg Source Accession
1	RNA transport	hsa03013

Pathways related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	RNA transport ³⁷	11.16	DDX20 GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2
2	COPI-independent Golgi-to-ER retrograde traffic ⁶⁶	10.4	BICD2 DYNC1H1

Sources

GO Terms for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

Cellular components related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cell projection	GO:0042995	9.91	IGHMBP2 PLEKHG5 SMN1 SMN2 TRPV4 ZPR1
2	growth cone	GO:0030426	9.65	IGHMBP2 TRPV4 ZPR1
3	perikaryon	GO:0043204	9.65	ATP7A NAIP SMN1 SMN2 ZPR1
4	Cajal body	GO:0015030	9.62	SMN1 SMN2 SMNDC1 ZPR1
5	SMN-Sm protein complex	GO:0034719	9.46	DDX20 GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2
6	Gemini of coiled bodies	GO:0097504	9.35	DDX20 GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2 ZPR1
7	SMN complex	GO:0032797	9.1	DDX20 GEMIN2 IGHMBP2 SMN1 SMN2 ZPR1
8	nucleus	GO:0005634	10.28	ASCC1 ATP7A BICD2 DDX20 DNAJB2 GEMIN2
9	cytoplasm	GO:0005737	10.27	ATP7A BICD2 DDX20 DNAJB2 DYNC1H1 GEMIN2
10	nucleoplasm	GO:0005654	10.16	ASCC1 DDX20 GEMIN2 GTF2H2 SMN1 SMN2

Biological processes related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	mRNA processing	GO:0006397	9.73	DDX20 GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2 SMNDC1 ZPR1
2	RNA splicing	GO:0008380	9.63	DDX20 GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2 SMNDC1 ZPR1
3	spliceosomal complex assembly	GO:0000245	9.5	GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2
4	RNA splicing, via transesterification reactions	GO:0000375	9.4	GEMIN2 SMNDC1
5	DNA-templated transcription, termination	GO:0006353	9.37	SMN1 SMN2
6	spliceosomal snRNP assembly	GO:0000387	9.26	DDX20 GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2
7	import into nucleus	GO:0051170	8.92	DDX20 GEMIN2 SMN1 SMN2

Molecular functions related to Spinal Muscular Atrophy according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	RNA binding	GO:0003723	9.7	ASCC1 DYNC1H1 IGHMBP2 SMN1 SMN2 SMNDC1
2	protein binding	GO:0005515	9.58	ASCC1 ATP7A BICD2 DDX20 DNAJB2 DYNC1H1
3	nucleotide binding	GO:0000166	9.56	DDX20 DYNC1H1 IGHMBP2 TRPV4
4	ATP binding	GO:0005524	9.5	ATP7A DDX20 DYNC1H1 IGHMBP2 NAIP TRPV4
5	dynein light intermediate chain binding	GO:0051959	9.32	BICD2 DYNC1H1

Sources

Sources for Spinal Muscular Atrophy

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia