T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy (TIDAND)

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MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy is a type of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is a group of disorders characterized by an almost total lack of immune protection from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. People with this form of SCID are missing functional immune cells called T cells, which normally recognize and attack foreign invaders to prevent infection. Without functional T cells, affected individuals develop repeated and persistent infections starting early in life. The infections result in slow growth and can be life-threatening; without effective treatment, most affected individuals live only into infancy or early childhood.T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy also affects growth of the hair and nails. Congenital alopecia refers to an absence of hair that is apparent from birth. Affected individuals have no scalp hair, eyebrows, or eyelashes. Nail dystrophy is a general term that describes malformed fingernails and toenails; in this condition, the nails are often ridged, pitted, or abnormally curved.Researchers have described abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) in at least two cases of this condition. However, it is not yet known whether central nervous system abnormalities are a common feature of T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy.

MalaCards based summary: T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy, also known as winged helix deficiency, is related to t-cell immunodeficiency with thymic aplasia and immune deficiency disease. An important gene associated with T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy is FOXN1 (Forkhead Box N1), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Nervous system development and Keratinization. Affiliated tissues include t cells, thymus and spinal cord, and related phenotypes are immunodeficiency and nail pits

OMIM®: ⁵⁷ T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy (TIDAND) is an autosomal recessive primary immunodeficiency characterized by congenital thymic aplasia and severe T-cell immunodeficiency apparent at birth or soon thereafter. Affected individuals tend to have recurrent infections, oral candidiasis, and failure to thrive. Immunologic investigations show decreased numbers of T cells with poor proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and variable hypogammaglobulinemia. The phenotype is consistent with a T-/B+/NK+ form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID; see, e.g., 102700). Patients with FOXN1 mutations do not respond well to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, as it is not curative; thymic transplantation offers a potential cure (Chou et al., 2014). (601705) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

GARD: ¹⁹ A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency due to a defect in adaptive immunity characterized by the triad of congenital athymia (resulting in severe T-cell immunodeficiency), congenital alopecia totalis and nail dystrophy. Patients present neonatal or infantile-onset, severe, recurrent, life-threatening infections and low or absent circulating T cells. Additional features reported include erythroderma, lymphoadenopathy, diarrhea and failure to thrive.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ A rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency due to a defect in adaptive immunity characterized by the triad of congenital athymia (resulting in severe T-cell immunodeficiency), congenital alopecia totalis and nail dystrophy. Patients present neonatal or infantile-onset, severe, recurrent, life-threatening infections and low or absent circulating T cells. Additional features reported include erythroderma, lymphoadenopathy, diarrhea and failure to thrive.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A severe combined immunodeficiency characterized by congenital alopecia, severe T-cell immunodeficiency, and ridging, pitting or curving of all nails that has material basis in homozygous mutation in the FOXN1 gene on chromosome 17q11-q12.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ A disorder characterized by the association of congenital alopecia, severe T-cell immunodeficiency, and ridging and pitting of all nails.

Clinical features from OMIM®:

Search Clinical Trials, NIH Clinical Center for T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy