T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy (TIDAND)

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Disease Ontology 12 DOID:0060769 OMIM 57 601705 KEGG 37 H01181 MeSH 44 D000505 D007153 D009260 ICD10 33 D82.8

ICD10 via Orphanet 34 D82.8 Orphanet 59 ORPHA169095 MedGen 42 C1866426 UMLS 72 C1866426

Genetics Home Reference : ²⁵ T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy is a type of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), which is a group of disorders characterized by an almost total lack of immune protection from foreign invaders such as bacteria and viruses. People with this form of SCID are missing functional immune cells called T cells, which normally recognize and attack foreign invaders to prevent infection. Without functional T cells, affected individuals develop repeated and persistent infections starting early in life. The infections result in slow growth and can be life-threatening; without effective treatment, most affected individuals live only into infancy or early childhood. T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy also affects growth of the hair and nails. Congenital alopecia refers to an absence of hair that is apparent from birth. Affected individuals have no scalp hair, eyebrows, or eyelashes. Nail dystrophy is a general term that describes malformed fingernails and toenails; in this condition, the nails are often ridged, pitted, or abnormally curved. Researchers have described abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) in at least two cases of this condition. However, it is not yet known whether central nervous system abnormalities are a common feature of T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy.

MalaCards based summary : T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy, also known as t-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia and nail dystrophy, is related to immune deficiency disease and alopecia, congenital. An important gene associated with T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy is FOXN1 (Forkhead Box N1). Affiliated tissues include t cells, brain and skin, and related phenotypes are immunodeficiency and decrease in t cell count

Disease Ontology : ¹² A severe combined immunodeficiency characterized by congenital alopecia, severe T-cell immunodeficiency, and ridging, pitting or curving of all nails that has material basis in homozygous mutation in the FOXN1 gene on chromosome 17q11-q12.

NIH Rare Diseases : ⁵³ The following summary is from Orphanet, a European reference portal for information on rare diseases and orphan drugs.Orpha Number: 169095DefinitionA rare, genetic, primary immunodeficiency due to a defect in adaptive immunity characterized by the triad of congenital athymia (resulting in severe T-cell immunodeficiency), congenital alopecia totalis and nail dystrophy. Patients present neonatal or infantile-onset, severe, recurrent, life-threatening infections and low or absent circulating T cells. Additional features reported include erythroderma, lymphoadenopathy, diarrhea and failure to thrive.Visit the Orphanet disease page for more resources.

KEGG : ³⁷ T-cell immunodeficiency congenital alopecia and nail dystrophy (TIDAND) is a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome caused by a mutation in FOXN1 gene encoding the forkhead/winged helix (WHN) FOXN1 transcription factor selectively expressed in thymic epithelia and skin. SCIDs are disorders of both cell-mediated and humoral immunity, characterized by high susceptibility to develop severe and sometimes fatal infections. TIDAND is the only human SCID caused by an intrinsic abnormality of the epithelial component of the thymus. The disease is always associated with a profound T-cell defect.

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot : ⁷⁴ T-cell immunodeficiency, congenital alopecia, and nail dystrophy: A disorder characterized by the association of congenital alopecia, severe T-cell immunodeficiency, and ridging and pitting of all nails.

More information from OMIM: 601705

Clinical features from OMIM:

601705

Search Clinical Trials , NIH Clinical Center for T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for T-Cell Immunodeficiency, Congenital Alopecia, and Nail Dystrophy.