Tobacco Addiction disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: TBC004 MIFTS: 64	Tobacco Addiction Categories: Genetic diseases, Mental diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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Aliases & Classifications for Tobacco Addiction

MalaCards integrated aliases for Tobacco Addiction:

Name: Tobacco Addiction ⁵⁷ ⁷⁵ ³³

Nicotine Dependence ⁵⁷ ¹¹ ²⁸ ¹⁴ ¹⁶ ⁷¹ ³³

Tobacco Addiction, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷ ²⁸ ⁵

Tobacco Use Disorder ¹¹ ⁵ ⁴³

Nicotine Dependence, Protection Against ⁵⁷ ⁵

Nicotine Addiction, Protection from ⁵⁷ ¹²

Nicotine Addiction ⁵⁷ ³³

Smoking Habit ⁵⁷ ⁵³

Cigarette Habituation, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷

Nicotine Dependence, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷

Nicotine Addiction, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷

Addiction, Tobacco, Susceptibility to ³⁸

Smoking Habit, Susceptibility to ⁵⁷

Compulsive Tobacco User Syndrome ³³

Tobacco Dependence Syndrome ³³

Cigarette Habituation ⁵⁷

Cigarette Dependence ³³

Cigarette Addiction ³³

Tobacco Dependence ³³

Smoking Addiction ³³

Smokers Syndrome ³³

Characteristics:

Inheritance:

Genetic factors seem to contribute only in light smokers and heavy smokers ⁵⁷

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Genetic diseases
Anatomical: Mental diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³¹

Factors influencing health status and contact with health services

Persons encountering health services in other circumstances

Problems related to lifestyle

Tobacco use

Mental and behavioural disorders

Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use

Mental and behavioural disorders due to use of tobacco

ICD11: ³³

Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders

Disorders due to substance use or addictive behaviours

Disorders due to substance use

Disorders due to use of nicotine

Nicotine dependence

Nicotine dependence, unspecified

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹¹ DOID:0050742

OMIM® ⁵⁷ 188890

MeSH ⁴³ D014029

NCIt ⁴⁹ C54203

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁸ 56294008

ICD10 ³¹ F17 Z72.0

MedGen ⁴⁰ C1861063

EFO ¹⁶ EFO_0003768

ICD11 ³³ 1699574100 1699574100/unspecified

UMLS ⁷¹ C0028043

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Summaries for Tobacco Addiction

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A substance dependence that is characterized by a physical dependence on nicotine.

MalaCards based summary: Tobacco Addiction, also known as nicotine dependence, is related to alcohol dependence and major depressive disorder. An important gene associated with Tobacco Addiction is SLC6A3 (Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Metabolism and Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency. The drugs Naltrexone and Oxytocin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include lung, brain and prefrontal cortex, and related phenotypes are homeostasis/metabolism and nervous system

More information from OMIM: 188890

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Related Diseases for Tobacco Addiction

Diseases related to Tobacco Addiction via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 375)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	alcohol dependence	31.7	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
2	major depressive disorder	31.5	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
3	mood disorder	31.5	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
4	personality disorder	31.5	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT ALDH2
5	post-traumatic stress disorder	31.4	SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
6	smoking as a quantitative trait locus 3	31.4	CHRNA5 CHRNA3
7	attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder	31.3	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
8	panic disorder	31.2	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
9	schizophrenia	31.2	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA GSTM1 GABBR2
10	conduct disorder	31.2	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT ALDH2
11	substance dependence	31.2	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MIR504 MAOA DRD2
12	psychotic disorder	31.1	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
13	antisocial personality disorder	31.1	SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT ALDH2
14	eating disorder	31.1	SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 COMT
15	pathological gambling	31.0	SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
16	brunner syndrome	31.0	TPH1 MAOA COMT
17	chronic pain	30.9	OPRM1 COMT
18	social phobia	30.9	SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
19	substance abuse	30.8	SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT ALDH2
20	cocaine dependence	30.8	SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 COMT CHRNB4 CHRNA5
21	dysthymic disorder	30.7	SLC6A3 MAOA COMT
22	bulimia nervosa	30.7	SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
23	generalized anxiety disorder	30.7	TPH1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
24	endogenous depression	30.7	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
25	anxiety	30.7	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
26	anorexia nervosa	30.7	TPH1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
27	opiate dependence	30.6	SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 COMT
28	withdrawal disorder	30.6	SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2
29	polysubstance abuse	30.6	DRD2 COMT
30	narcolepsy	30.5	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
31	delusional disorder	30.5	SLC6A3 DRD2 COMT
32	intermittent explosive disorder	30.5	MAOA DRD2 COMT
33	kleptomania	30.5	SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
34	pyromania	30.5	MAOA DRD2 CHRNA7
35	bowel dysfunction	30.5	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1
36	disease of mental health	30.5	SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
37	tardive dyskinesia	30.5	DRD2 COMT
38	impulse control disorder	30.5	SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
39	alcohol use disorder	30.5	SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT ALDH2
40	gilles de la tourette syndrome	30.5	SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
41	drug dependence	30.5	SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT CHRNB4
42	alexithymia	30.4	DRD2 COMT
43	obsessive-compulsive disorder	30.4	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT CHRNA7
44	cannabis abuse	30.4	DRD2 COMT
45	body mass index quantitative trait locus 11	30.4	SLC6A3 MAOA GSTM1 DRD2 CYP2A6 COMT
46	bipolar disorder	30.4	TPH1 SLC6A3 OPRM1 MAOA DRD2 COMT
47	sudden infant death syndrome	30.4	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA CHRNB2 CHRNA7
48	drug psychosis	10.5	SLC6A3 DRD2 COMT
49	drug-induced mental disorder	10.5	SLC6A3 DRD2 COMT
50	substance-induced psychosis	10.5	SLC6A3 DRD2 COMT

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Tobacco Addiction:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Tobacco Addiction

Symptoms via clinical synopsis from OMIM®:

⁵⁷ (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

Misc:
smoking habit

Clinical features from OMIM®:

188890 (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Tobacco Addiction:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	homeostasis/metabolism	MP:0005376	10.32	ADH1B ALDH2 APOB CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA7
2	nervous system	MP:0003631	10.31	ALDH2 APOB CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7
3	growth/size/body region	MP:0005378	10.13	ADH1B ALDH2 APOB CHRNA3 CHRNA7 CHRNB2
4	behavior/neurological	MP:0005386	10.13	ALDH2 CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2
5	muscle	MP:0005369	10.01	ALDH2 APOB CHRNA3 CHRNB2 CHRNB4 DRD2
6	immune system	MP:0005387	9.97	ALDH2 APOB CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7
7	mortality/aging	MP:0010768	9.77	ADH1B ALDH2 APOB CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA7
8	integument	MP:0010771	9.28	ALDH2 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNB2 CHRNB4 DRD2

Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Tobacco Addiction

Drugs for Tobacco Addiction (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 247)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Naltrexone

Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 4

16590-41-3

5360515

Oxytocin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

50-56-6

439302 53477758

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

1994-09-7, 94-09-7

2337

Tannic acid

Approved

Phase 4

1401-55-4

16129878 16129778

Acetylcysteine

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

616-91-1

581 12035

Methadone

Approved

Phase 4

76-99-3, 1095-90-5

4095

Propranolol

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

318-98-9, 525-66-6

62882 4946

Bupropion

Approved

Phase 4

31677-93-7, 34841-39-9, 34911-55-2

444

Dopamine

Approved

Phase 4

62-31-7, 51-61-6

681

Eszopiclone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 4

138729-47-2

969472

Folic acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

59-30-3

6037

Riboflavin

Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

83-88-5

493570

Cysteine

Approved, Nutraceutical

Phase 4

52-90-4

594 5862

Central Nervous System Stimulants

Phase 4

Narcotic Antagonists

Phase 4

Narcotics

Phase 4

Antipsychotic Agents

Phase 4

Dermatologic Agents

Phase 4

Neurosteroids

Phase 4

Liver Extracts

Phase 4

Vitamins

Phase 4

Trace Elements

Phase 4

Micronutrients

Phase 4

Folate

Phase 4

Vitamin B9

Phase 4

Vitamin B Complex

Phase 4

Photosensitizing Agents

Phase 4

Vitamin B2

Phase 4

Analgesics, Opioid

Phase 4

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

Antiviral Agents

Phase 4

Expectorants

Phase 4

Antidotes

Phase 4

N-monoacetylcystine

Phase 4

Respiratory System Agents

Phase 4

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists

Phase 4

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents

Phase 4

Vasodilator Agents

Phase 4

Estrogens

Phase 4

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 4

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 4

Dopamine Agents

Phase 4

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 4

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 4

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Phase 4

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 2, Phase 3

64-17-5

702

Mineral oil

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

8042-47-5

Fluoxetine

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

54910-89-3

3386

Buprenorphine

Approved, Illicit, Investigational, Vet_approved

Phase 3

52485-79-7, 53152-21-9

644073 40400

Metyrapone

Approved, Investigational

Phase 2, Phase 3

54-36-4

4174

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 878)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Effects of N-Acetyl-Cysteine on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Bipolar Patients With and Without Tobacco Use Disorder	Unknown status	NCT02252341	Phase 4
2	Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (TDCS) as Add on Therapy for Treatment of Tobacco Dependence by Standardized Behaviour Therapy - Active and Placebo Controlled Double Blind Study	Unknown status	NCT01729507	Phase 4
3	Effectiveness of an E-mail Tracking Intervention Among the Continued Abstinence of Tobacco Consumption (TABATIC). A Randomized Controlled Multicentric Trial	Unknown status	NCT01494246	Phase 4
4	Duration of Behavioral Counseling Treatment Needed to Optimize Smoking Abstinence	Unknown status	NCT01038414	Phase 4
5	Behavioral/Pharmacological Treatments for Alcohol-Nicotine Dependence	Completed	NCT00000447	Phase 4	naltrexone (Revia);nicotine replacement patch
6	Nicotine Dependence, Withdrawal and Replacement Therapy Assessed by PET Imaging	Completed	NCT01664741	Phase 4	Nicotine patch - transdermal;placebo
7	Treatment of Nicotine Dependence and Acute Depression	Completed	NCT00186446	Phase 4	bupropion and smoking cessation behavioral intervention
8	Validation of a Novel Paradigm for Screening Medications for Nicotine Dependence	Completed	NCT00948649	Phase 4	Placebo;Varenicline
9	An Effectiveness Trial of Maintenance Therapy for Nicotine Dependence	Completed	NCT01047527	Phase 4	Transdermal nicotine patch
10	A Behavioral Assessment of Electronic Cigarettes in Reducing Cue- and Withdrawal-induced Craving in Daily Dependent Smokers	Completed	NCT02108626	Phase 4	Nicotine;Placebo
11	Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Cigarette Smoking	Completed	NCT02595749	Phase 4	Oxytocin;Placebo
12	Varenicline Treatment in Alcohol and Nicotine Dependent Patients With Schizophrenia - a Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial	Completed	NCT00727103	Phase 4	Varenicline;Placebo
13	Association of Functional COMT Val108/Met Polymorphism With Smoking Cessation in Nicotine Replacement Therapy	Completed	NCT01980550	Phase 4	sublingual nicotine
14	Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Medication, i.e., Sustained-Release Bupropion (Zyban®) With an Ultrashort (1 1/2 d) Manual-Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training®	Completed	NCT00484692	Phase 4	sustained-release bupropion (Zyban(R))
15	Multimodal Imaging of Progesterone/Neurosteroid Effects in Nicotine Addiction	Completed	NCT01954966	Phase 4	Progesterone;Placebo
16	Varenicline (Chantix) Treatment for Waterpipe Smoking Cessation	Completed	NCT02575183	Phase 4	Varinecline (Chantix);Placebo (for Varenicline)
17	Assessment of Smoking Topography and Behaviors During Response to Varenicline	Completed	NCT00948155	Phase 4	Varenicline
18	Project 3: Identifying Optimal Strategies of Increasing Smokers' Adherence to Cessation Medications	Completed	NCT01120704	Phase 4	Short Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum);Long Term Combination Nicotine Replacement Therapy (patch + gum)
19	Project 2: Identifying Optimal Smoking Cessation Intervention Components	Completed	NCT01116986	Phase 4	Long Term Nicotine Patch+ Nicotine Gum During Quit Attempt;Short Term Nicotine Patch + Nicotine Gum during the quit attempt;Pre-Quit Nicotine Gum;Pre-Quit Nicotine Patch;Pre-Quit Nicotine Patch + Pre-Quit Nicotine Gum
20	Identifying Optimal, Translatable Smoking Cessation Intervention Components	Completed	NCT01122238	Phase 4	Nicotine Patch;Nicotine Gum;Nicotine Patch + Nicotine Gum
21	Clinical Relevance of Stress Neuroadaptation in Tobacco Dependence	Completed	NCT03262233	Phase 4
22	Nicotine Replacement for Smoking Cessation During Pregnancy	Completed	NCT01656733	Phase 4	Nicotrol Inhaler;Placebo Inhaler
23	Behavioral Activation and Varenicline for Smoking Cessation in Depressed Smokers	Completed	NCT02378714	Phase 4	Varenicline
24	NRT & Bupropion Mechanisms of Effectiveness in Smokers: Phase IV Trial	Completed	NCT01048944	Phase 4	Bupropion SR;Nicotine Patch;Placebo Patch and Placebo Pill
25	Pharmacotherapies: Efficacy, Mechanisms and Algorithms	Completed	NCT00332644	Phase 4	nicotine patch;nicotine lozenge;nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge;bupropion;bupropion + lozenge;placebo
26	Bupropion for ADHD in Adolescents With Substance Use Disorder	Completed	NCT00936299	Phase 4	Bupropion
27	Preparing Those With Significant and Persistent Mental Illness to Quit Smoking	Completed	NCT01783912	Phase 4	Nicotine Patch
28	A Comparative Effectiveness & Long Term Health Study in Wisconsin Smokers	Completed	NCT01553084	Phase 4	Varenicline;Nicotine lozenge;Nicotine Patch
29	Neuropsychological and Psychopathological Prognosis Factors of Smoking Cessation	Completed	NCT01554436	Phase 4
30	Evaluation of NCI Smoking Intervention Resources	Completed	NCT01342523	Phase 4
31	Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Nicotine-dependent Arrestees: a Monocentric Randomized Simple Blind Study	Completed	NCT02905734	Phase 4	Nicotine patch
32	Enhancing Tobacco Use Treatment for African American Light Smokers	Completed	NCT00666978	Phase 4	bupropion hydrochloride
33	Evaluation of the Safety Profile, Quit and Reduction Rate After Nicorette® Gum and Patch Treatment	Completed	NCT00749463	Phase 4	Nicotine Gum;Nicotine Patch
34	Abstinence Reinforcement Therapy (ART) for Homeless Veteran Smokers	Completed	NCT02245308	Phase 4	Nicotine Patches;Nicotine rescue method;Bupropion
35	Feasibility and Preliminary Effectiveness of Varenicline for Co-occurring Cannabis and Tobacco Use	Completed	NCT04595318	Phase 4	Standard clinical care and varenicline
36	Evaluation of Varenicline's Clinical Efficacy for Continued Smoking Abstinence When Used in the Clinical Treatment of Schizophrenic Patients Hospitalized in an Institution With a Ban on Cigarette Smoking	Completed	NCT00548470	Phase 4	Varenicline
37	1. The Pharmacogenetic Study of Interaction Among Antipsychotics, Readiness to Change, and Pharmacological Intervention for Smoking Cessation Among Schizophrenic Patients 2. Stages of Change and Outcomes of Nicotine Replacement Therapy in Chronic Schizophrenic Patients	Completed	NCT00495352	Phase 4	Hihg-doseNRT, Low-dose NRT, bupropion
38	Effectiveness of Bupropion Used in Combination With the Nicotine Replacement Patch and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Treating Nicotine Dependent Individuals - 1	Completed	NCT00142831	Phase 4	Pharmacotherapies for Smoking Cessation
39	An Innovative Approach to Maximizing the Impact of Efficacious Pharmacotherapies on Smoking Cessation Attempts.	Completed	NCT01023659	Phase 4	bupropion;varenicline
40	The STOP Study: Real World Effectiveness of Zyban Treatment in a Clinical Population	Completed	NCT01015170	Phase 4	bupropion HCl
41	Self-determination and Maintaining Tobacco Abstinence	Completed	NCT00178685	Phase 4
42	The Effects of ERT on Appetitive Behavior and Withdrawal in Short-term Smoking Cessation Compared to Smoking ad Lib in Postmenopausal Female Smokers.	Completed	NCT00061061	Phase 4
43	A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Bupropion SR and Individual Smoking Cessation Counseling	Completed	NCT01621009	Phase 4	Active bupropion + counseling;Active bupropion, No counseling;Placebo medication + counseling;Placebo medication, No counseling
44	Varenicline OTC Trial on Efficacy and Safety	Completed	NCT03557294	Phase 4	1.0mg Varenicline b.i.d.;0.5mg Varenicline b.i.d.;0.0mg placebo Varenicline b.i.d.
45	A Comparison of Bupropion SR and Placebo for Smoking Cessation	Completed	NCT00176449	Phase 4	Bupropion SR;Placebo Oral Tablet
46	Bupropion and Weight Control for Smoking Cessation	Completed	NCT00006170	Phase 4	Bupropion;Placebo
47	UW Quitting Using Intensive Treatment Study	Completed	NCT03176784	Phase 4	Varenicline;Nicotine patch
48	Nicotine and Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia	Completed	NCT00307203	Phase 4	bupropion SR;nicotine replacement therapy
49	Tobacco Dependence: Treatment and Outcomes; Pharmacotherapies: Effectiveness in Primary Care	Completed	NCT00296647	Phase 4	nicotine patch;nicotine lozenge;bupropion;patch + lozenge;bupropion + lozenge
50	Comparing the Lozenge to the Patch for Smoking Cessation	Completed	NCT00365508	Phase 4	nicotine lozenge;nicotine patch

Search NIH Clinical Center for Tobacco Addiction

Cochrane evidence based reviews: tobacco use disorder

Sources

Genetic Tests for Tobacco Addiction

Genetic tests related to Tobacco Addiction:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Tobacco Addiction, Susceptibility to ²⁸	CHRNA4 CYP2A6 GABBR2 SLC6A3
2	Nicotine Dependence ²⁸

Sources

Anatomical Context for Tobacco Addiction

Organs/tissues related to Tobacco Addiction:

MalaCards : Lung, Brain, Prefrontal Cortex, Heart, Skin, Endothelial, Prostate

Sources

Publications for Tobacco Addiction

Articles related to Tobacco Addiction:

(show top 50) (show all 15651)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Evidence suggesting the role of specific genetic factors in cigarette smoking. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Lerman C...Shields PG	9925041	1999
2	Single- and multilocus allelic variants within the GABA(B) receptor subunit 2 (GABAB2) gene are significantly associated with nicotine dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷ ⁵	Beuten J...Li MD	15759211	2005
3	A genetic association for cigarette smoking behavior. ⁵⁷ ⁵	Sabol SZ...Hamer DH	9925040	1999
4	A common haplotype of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor alpha 4 subunit gene is associated with vulnerability to nicotine addiction in men. ⁵³ ⁶² ⁵⁷	Feng Y...Xu X	15154117	2004
5	A genetically modulated, intrinsic cingulate circuit supports human nicotine addiction. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Hong LE...Stein EA	20643934	2010
6	Sequence variants at CHRNB3-CHRNA6 and CYP2A6 affect smoking behavior. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Thorgeirsson TE...Stefansson K	20418888	2010
7	Association of serum cotinine level with a cluster of three nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes (CHRNA3/CHRNA5/CHRNB4) on chromosome 15. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Keskitalo K...Kaprio J	19628476	2009
8	Bitter taste receptor gene polymorphisms are an important factor in the development of nicotine dependence in African Americans. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Mangold JE...Li MD	18524836	2008
9	Linkage of nicotine dependence and smoking behavior on 10q, 7q and 11p in twins with homogeneous genetic background. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Loukola A...Kaprio J	17549066	2008
10	A variant associated with nicotine dependence, lung cancer and peripheral arterial disease. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Thorgeirsson TE...Stefansson K	18385739	2008
11	Significant association of DRD1 with nicotine dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Huang W...Li MD	18092181	2008
12	Identifying susceptibility loci for nicotine dependence: 2008 update based on recent genome-wide linkage analyses. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Li MD	18205015	2008
13	Smoking and alcoholism target genes associated with plasticity and glutamate transmission in the human ventral tegmental area. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Flatscher-Bader T...Wilce PA	17928304	2008
14	A generalized combinatorial approach for detecting gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interactions with application to nicotine dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Lou XY...Li MD	17503330	2007
15	Genetic linkage to chromosome 22q12 for a heavy-smoking quantitative trait in two independent samples. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Saccone SF...Madden PA	17436240	2007
16	Novel genes identified in a high-density genome wide association study for nicotine dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Bierut LJ...Ballinger DG	17158188	2007
17	Cholinergic nicotinic receptor genes implicated in a nicotine dependence association study targeting 348 candidate genes with 3713 SNPs. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Saccone SF...Bierut LJ	17135278	2007
18	A genomewide search finds major susceptibility loci for nicotine dependence on chromosome 10 in African Americans. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Li MD...Elston RC	16960812	2006
19	Haplotype analysis indicates an association between the DOPA decarboxylase (DDC) gene and nicotine dependence. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Ma JZ...Li MD	15879433	2005
20	Association of the serotonin transporter promoter polymorphism with smoking behavior among adolescents. ⁶² ⁵⁷	Gerra G...Donnini C	15806583	2005
21	Genome-wide meta-analyses identify multiple loci associated with smoking behavior. ⁵⁷	Tobacco and Genetics Consortium	20418890	2010
22	Meta-analysis and imputation refines the association of 15q25 with smoking quantity. ⁵⁷	Liu JZ...Marchini J	20418889	2010
23	Association of the serotonin transporter gene with smoking behavior. ⁵⁷	Kremer I...Ebstein RP	15863794	2005
24	Progress in searching for susceptibility loci and genes for smoking-related behaviour. ⁵⁷	Li MD...Beuten J	15479180	2004
25	Results of a genomewide linkage scan: support for chromosomes 9 and 11 loci increasing risk for cigarette smoking. ⁵⁷	Gelernter J...Zhang H	15211640	2004
26	Positional cloning of the human quantitative trait locus underlying taste sensitivity to phenylthiocarbamide. ⁵⁷	Kim UK...Drayna D	12595690	2003
27	Multifactor-dimensionality reduction reveals high-order interactions among estrogen-metabolism genes in sporadic breast cancer. ⁵⁷	Ritchie MD...Moore JH	11404819	2001
28	Evidence for genetic linkage to alcohol dependence on chromosomes 4 and 11 from an autosome-wide scan in an American Indian population. ⁵⁷	Long JC...Goldman D	9603607	1998
29	Genetic models for the natural history of smoking: evidence for a genetic influence on smoking persistence. ⁵⁷	Heath AC...Martin NG	8465673	1993
30	Genetic influence on smoking--a study of male twins. ⁵⁷	Carmelli D...Fabsitz R	1508241	1992
31	Association study of a functional catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism and smoking in healthy Caucasian subjects. ⁵³ ⁶²	Nedic G...Pivac N	20188797	2010
32	The effect of dopamine partial agonists on the nicotine dependency in patients with schizophrenia. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kim SH...Min KJ	20033907	2010
33	The effect of smoking on MAOA promoter methylation in DNA prepared from lymphoblasts and whole blood. ⁵³ ⁶²	Philibert RA...Gerrard M	19777560	2010
34	The D2 dopamine receptor gene and nicotine dependence among bladder cancer patients and controls. ⁵³ ⁶²	Clague J...Hudmon KS	19842028	2010
35	Meta-analysis of 15 genome-wide linkage scans of smoking behavior. ⁵³ ⁶²	Han S...Yang BZ	19819424	2010
36	High prevalence of low serum paraoxonase-1 in subjects with coronary artery disease. ⁵³ ⁶²	Jayakumari N...Thejaseebai G	19902017	2009
37	Interaction of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genotype and smoking habit in Taiwanese lung cancer patients. ⁵³ ⁶²	Liu CS...Bau DT	20065319	2009
38	Influences of polymorphic variants of DRD2 and SLC6A3 genes, and their combinations on smoking in Polish population. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sieminska A...Tkacz E	19761593	2009
39	Effect of abstinence challenge on brain function and cognition in smokers differs by COMT genotype. ⁵³ ⁶²	Loughead J...Lerman C	19065145	2009
40	Association of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 4 polymorphisms with nicotine dependence in 5500 Germans. ⁵³ ⁶²	Breitling LP...Winterer G	19290018	2009
41	Shiftwork and impaired glucose metabolism: a 14-year cohort study on 7104 male workers. ⁵³ ⁶²	Suwazono Y...Sakata K	19637051	2009
42	Association of C677T polymorphism in MTHFR gene, high homocysteine and low HDL cholesterol plasma values in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. ⁵³ ⁶²	Real JT...Carmena R	20065615	2009
43	Gene-gene interactions among CHRNA4, CHRNB2, BDNF, and NTRK2 in nicotine dependence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Li MD...Elston RC	18534558	2008
44	An integrated approach to biomonitoring exposure to styrene and styrene-(7,8)-oxide using a repeated measurements sampling design. ⁵³ ⁶²	Fustinoni S...Rappaport SM	18608187	2008
45	Shift work is a risk factor for increased blood pressure in Japanese men: a 14-year historical cohort study. ⁵³ ⁶²	Suwazono Y...Nogawa K	18625889	2008
46	Genetic variation in dopamine pathways differentially associated with smoking progression in adolescence. ⁵³ ⁶²	Laucht M...Schumann G	18434921	2008
47	Association of low striatal dopamine d2 receptor availability with nicotine dependence similar to that seen with other drugs of abuse. ⁵³ ⁶²	Fehr C...Schreckenberger M	18316420	2008
48	Association of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes with fasting plasma glucose levels in Japanese male and female workers. ⁵³ ⁶²	Dakeishi M...Iwata T	18216179	2008
49	The role of CARD15 mutations and smoking in the course of Crohn's disease in a Mediterranean area. ⁵³ ⁶²	Renda MC...Cottone M	18341489	2008
50	Relationship between shift work and hypercholesterolemia in Japan. ⁵³ ⁶²	Dochi M...Suwazono Y	18427696	2008

Sources

Genes for Tobacco Addiction

Genes related to Tobacco Addiction (4 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 72)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	SLC6A3	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 3	Protein Coding	685.1	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ Protective ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	9925041 9925040 14685824 (more) 17427187 19761593 14570538
2	GABBR2	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type B Receptor Subunit 2	Protein Coding	681.36	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ Protective ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	15759211
3	CYP2A6	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily A Member 6	Protein Coding	668.95	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15534625 18004205 18666753 (more) 17934923 10544257 12818518 11207029
4	CHRNA4	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 4 Subunit	Protein Coding	665.27	Molecular basis known ⁵⁷ Genetic Tests ²⁸ Susceptibility factor ⁵⁷ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15790597 18534558 19290018 (more) 15154117 17768273 19819424
5	CHRNB2	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Beta 2 Subunit	Protein Coding	15.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11054772 15154117 11906688 (more) 15790597
6	DRD2	Dopamine Receptor D2	Protein Coding	13.58	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	18316420 17108814 19842028 (more) 17085484 18434921 14668077 19761593 20033907 14570538 15146457 16766132
7	GSTM1	Glutathione S-Transferase Mu 1	Protein Coding	12.62	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	10753202 14556228 16099114 (more) 15596296 16012082 16338071 7640212 10648912 7614465 9800384
8	ALDH2	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Family Member	Protein Coding	12.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15714130 18216179 8903472 (more) 17207821
9	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	10.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16395295 19065145 20188797
10	ADH1B	Alcohol Dehydrogenase 1B (Class I), Beta Polypeptide	Protein Coding	10.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	18216179 17207821
11	MAOA	Monoamine Oxidase A	Protein Coding	10.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16207390 19777560
12	CYP1A1	Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 1	Protein Coding	9.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	10753202 9488590 7515333 (more) 17512722
13	CHRNA5	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 5 Subunit	Protein Coding	9.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
14	OPRM1	Opioid Receptor Mu 1	Protein Coding	9.54	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16315033
15	MIR504	MicroRNA 504	RNA Gene	9.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
16	APOB	Apolipoprotein B	Protein Coding	9.37	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	9229197 10559510 9157945 (more) 17498221
17	CHRNB4	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Beta 4 Subunit	Protein Coding	9.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
18	CHRNA3	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 3 Subunit	Protein Coding	9.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
19	TPH1	Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1	Protein Coding	9.23	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	17986837
20	CHRNA7	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 7 Subunit	Protein Coding	8.92	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15178698 10942036
21	CHRNB3	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Beta 3 Subunit	Protein Coding	8.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
22	GGT1	Gamma-Glutamyltransferase 1	Protein Coding	8.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	17586745 18427696 18625889 (more) 10933414 19637051
23	EPHX1	Epoxide Hydrolase 1	Protein Coding	8.59	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11859435
24	APOA1	Apolipoprotein A1	Protein Coding	8.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	14646674 8335410 9767868 (more) 1451121 12852790 15167204 9826309
25	CYP2E1	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily E Member 1	Protein Coding	8.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16311924
26	XRCC1	X-Ray Repair Cross Complementing 1	Protein Coding	8.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	19628051 15468052
27	CHRNA6	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 6 Subunit	Protein Coding	8.41	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
28	FTCD	Formimidoyltransferase Cyclodeaminase	Protein Coding	8.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
29	HTR2A	5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A	Protein Coding	8.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	15564892
30	ANKK1	Ankyrin Repeat And Kinase Domain Containing 1	Protein Coding	8.11	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
31	CYP1A2	Cytochrome P450 Family 1 Subfamily A Member 2	Protein Coding	7.97	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	10741629 10233204 10850389 (more) 11682234 12790158
32	MTHFR	Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase	Protein Coding	7.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	11336184 20065319 18080853 (more) 18714149 12411076 17497026
33	PPIG	Peptidylprolyl Isomerase G	Protein Coding	7.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16886044
34	TTC12	Tetratricopeptide Repeat Domain 12	Protein Coding	7.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
35	DRD4	Dopamine Receptor D4	Protein Coding	7.32	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
36	GABRA2	Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Subunit Alpha2	Protein Coding	7.24	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
37	CHRNA2	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 2 Subunit	Protein Coding	7.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
38	SLC6A4	Solute Carrier Family 6 Member 4	Protein Coding	7.18	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
39	SERPINA1	Serpin Family A Member 1	Protein Coding	7.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	12893950
40	H2AC18	H2A Clustered Histone 18	Protein Coding	7.05	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ ¹⁴
41	GSTT1	Glutathione S-Transferase Theta 1	Protein Coding	6.92	Novoseek inferred ⁵³	18608187
42	CHRNA10	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 10 Subunit	Protein Coding	6.91	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
43	HYKK	Hydroxylysine Kinase	Protein Coding	6.88	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
44	CHRNA1	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 1 Subunit	Protein Coding	6.84	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
45	GSTP1	Glutathione S-Transferase Pi 1	Protein Coding	6.78	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	16338071 9800384
46	NTS	Neurotensin	Protein Coding	6.72	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	14511764
47	DRD1	Dopamine Receptor D1	Protein Coding	6.71	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
48	CYP2B6	Cytochrome P450 Family 2 Subfamily B Member 6	Protein Coding	6.67	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
49	DRD3	Dopamine Receptor D3	Protein Coding	6.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
50	BDNF	Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	6.64	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

Sources

Variations for Tobacco Addiction

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Tobacco Addiction:

⁵ (show top 50) (show all 55)

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	Position
1	GABBR2	NM_005458.8(GABBR2):c.1662+5118G>A	SNV	Protective	3333	rs3780422	GRCh37: 9:101142804-101142804 GRCh38: 9:98380522-98380522
2	SLC6A3	SLC6A3*9	MICROSAT	Protective	16762	rs28363170	GRCh37: 5:1394014-1394015 GRCh38: 5:1393899-1393900
3	GABBR2	NM_005458.8(GABBR2):c.360A>G (p.Ala120=)	SNV	Risk Factor	3331	rs3750344	GRCh37: 9:101340316-101340316 GRCh38: 9:98578034-98578034
4	GABBR2	NM_005458.8(GABBR2):c.1893+21406C>T	SNV	Risk Factor	3332	rs1435252	GRCh37: 9:101103591-101103591 GRCh38: 9:98341309-98341309
5	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.274G>C (p.Glu92Gln)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	205043	rs146651027	GRCh37: 20:61987436-61987436 GRCh38: 20:63356084-63356084
6	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1316A>C (p.Lys439Thr)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	205026	rs796052318	GRCh37: 20:61981447-61981447 GRCh38: 20:63350095-63350095
7	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1667C>G (p.Pro556Arg)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	452325	rs77345643	GRCh37: 20:61981096-61981096 GRCh38: 20:63349744-63349744
8	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1430C>T (p.Ala477Val)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	205030	rs200243948	GRCh37: 20:61981333-61981333 GRCh38: 20:63349981-63349981
9	SLC6A3	NM_001044.5(SLC6A3):c.499C>T (p.Leu167Phe)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	377082	rs71653633	GRCh37: 5:1432733-1432733 GRCh38: 5:1432618-1432618
10	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1792A>G (p.Ile598Val)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	420395	rs1019612389	GRCh37: 20:61978182-61978182 GRCh38: 20:63346830-63346830
11	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.358C>T (p.Arg120Trp)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	205046	rs200010568	GRCh37: 20:61987352-61987352 GRCh38: 20:63356000-63356000
12	SLC6A3	NM_001044.5(SLC6A3):c.70G>A (p.Val24Met)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	538067	rs201800694	GRCh37: 5:1443243-1443243 GRCh38: 5:1443128-1443128
13	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1001C>T (p.Ser334Leu)	SNV	Not Provided	98300	rs121912262	GRCh37: 20:61981762-61981762 GRCh38: 20:63350410-63350410
14	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1109G>A (p.Arg370Gln)	SNV	Not Provided	98305	rs121912267	GRCh37: 20:61981654-61981654 GRCh38: 20:63350302-63350302
15	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1224C>T (p.Phe408=)	SNV	Not Provided	98309	rs121912271	GRCh37: 20:61981539-61981539 GRCh38: 20:63350187-63350187
16	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1266C>T (p.Cys422=)	SNV	Not Provided	98312	rs121912274	GRCh37: 20:61981497-61981497 GRCh38: 20:63350145-63350145
17	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1359C>T (p.His453=)	SNV	Not Provided	98314	rs121912276	GRCh37: 20:61981404-61981404 GRCh38: 20:63350052-63350052
18	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1425C>T (p.Gly475=)	SNV	Not Provided	98317	rs121912279	GRCh37: 20:61981338-61981338 GRCh38: 20:63349986-63349986
19	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.461C>T (p.Pro154Leu)	SNV	Not Provided	98325	rs121912244	GRCh37: 20:61982302-61982302 GRCh38: 20:63350950-63350950
20	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.462G>A (p.Pro154=)	SNV	Not Provided	98326	rs121912245	GRCh37: 20:61982301-61982301 GRCh38: 20:63350949-63350949
21	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.510C>T (p.Phe170=)	SNV	Not Provided	98328	rs121912247	GRCh37: 20:61982253-61982253 GRCh38: 20:63350901-63350901
22	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.585C>G (p.His195Gln)	SNV	Not Provided	98329	rs121912248	GRCh37: 20:61982178-61982178 GRCh38: 20:63350826-63350826
23	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.693G>A (p.Pro231=)	SNV	Not Provided	98331	rs121912250	GRCh37: 20:61982070-61982070 GRCh38: 20:63350718-63350718
24	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.915C>T (p.Leu305=)	SNV	Not Provided	98339	rs121912258	GRCh37: 20:61981848-61981848 GRCh38: 20:63350496-63350496
25	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1002G>A (p.Ser334=)	SNV	Not Provided	98301	rs121912263	GRCh37: 20:61981761-61981761 GRCh38: 20:63350409-63350409
26	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1184C>T (p.Thr395Met)	SNV	Not Provided	98307	rs121912269	GRCh37: 20:61981579-61981579 GRCh38: 20:63350227-63350227
27	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1200C>T (p.Ser400=)	SNV	Not Provided	98308	rs121912270	GRCh37: 20:61981563-61981563 GRCh38: 20:63350211-63350211
28	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1311T>C (p.Ala437=)	SNV	Not Provided	98313	rs121912275	GRCh37: 20:61981452-61981452 GRCh38: 20:63350100-63350100
29	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.504C>T (p.Phe168=)	SNV	Not Provided	98327	rs121912246	GRCh37: 20:61982259-61982259 GRCh38: 20:63350907-63350907
30	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.617G>C (p.Ser206Thr)	SNV	Not Provided	98330	rs121912249	GRCh37: 20:61982146-61982146 GRCh38: 20:63350794-63350794
31	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.705T>C (p.Tyr235=)	SNV	Not Provided	98332	rs121912251	GRCh37: 20:61982058-61982058 GRCh38: 20:63350706-63350706
32	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.707C>T (p.Ala236Val)	SNV	Not Provided	98333	rs121912252	GRCh37: 20:61982056-61982056 GRCh38: 20:63350704-63350704
33	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.753C>T (p.Ile251=)	SNV	Not Provided	98335	rs121912254	GRCh37: 20:61982010-61982010 GRCh38: 20:63350658-63350658
34	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.775T>C (p.Cys259Arg)	SNV	Not Provided	98336	rs121912255	GRCh37: 20:61981988-61981988 GRCh38: 20:63350636-63350636
35	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.799C>T (p.Leu267=)	SNV	Not Provided	98337	rs121912256	GRCh37: 20:61981964-61981964 GRCh38: 20:63350612-63350612
36	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.953C>T (p.Thr318Ile)	SNV	Not Provided	98341	rs121912260	GRCh37: 20:61981810-61981810 GRCh38: 20:63350458-63350458
37	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.442C>T (p.Arg148Trp)	SNV	Not Provided	98324	rs121912243	GRCh37: 20:61982321-61982321 GRCh38: 20:63350969-63350969
38	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1054G>A (p.Val352Met)	SNV	Not Provided	98302	rs121912264	GRCh37: 20:61981709-61981709 GRCh38: 20:63350357-63350357
39	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.729G>A (p.Pro243=)	SNV	Not Provided	98334	rs121912253	GRCh37: 20:61982034-61982034 GRCh38: 20:63350682-63350682
40	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.948C>T (p.Phe316=)	SNV	Not Provided	98340	rs121912259	GRCh37: 20:61981815-61981815 GRCh38: 20:63350463-63350463
41	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1066C>T (p.Leu356Phe)	SNV	Not Provided	98303	rs121912265	GRCh37: 20:61981697-61981697 GRCh38: 20:63350345-63350345
42	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1087G>A (p.Val363Met)	SNV	Not Provided	98304	rs121912266	GRCh37: 20:61981676-61981676 GRCh38: 20:63350324-63350324
43	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1169G>A (p.Gly390Glu)	SNV	Not Provided	98306	rs121912268	GRCh37: 20:61981594-61981594 GRCh38: 20:63350242-63350242
44	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1228G>A (p.Val410Ile)	SNV	Not Provided	98310	rs121912272	GRCh37: 20:61981535-61981535 GRCh38: 20:63350183-63350183
45	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1265G>A (p.Cys422Tyr)	SNV	Not Provided	98311	rs121912273	GRCh37: 20:61981498-61981498 GRCh38: 20:63350146-63350146
46	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1373C>T (p.Pro458Leu)	SNV	Not Provided	98315	rs121912277	GRCh37: 20:61981390-61981390 GRCh38: 20:63350038-63350038
47	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1402G>A (p.Val468Ile)	SNV	Not Provided	98316	rs121912278	GRCh37: 20:61981361-61981361 GRCh38: 20:63350009-63350009
48	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1460G>A (p.Arg487Gln)	SNV	Not Provided	98318	rs121912280	GRCh37: 20:61981303-61981303 GRCh38: 20:63349951-63349951
49	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1625C>T (p.Pro542Leu)	SNV	Not Provided	98319	rs121912281	GRCh37: 20:61981138-61981138 GRCh38: 20:63349786-63349786
50	CHRNA4	NM_000744.7(CHRNA4):c.1634C>T (p.Thr545Met)	SNV	Not Provided	98320	rs121912282	GRCh37: 20:61981129-61981129 GRCh38: 20:63349777-63349777

Copy number variations for Tobacco Addiction from CNVD:

⁶

#	CNVD ID	Chromosome	Start	End	Type	Gene Symbol	CNVD Disease
1	256991	9	99300000	102600000	Gain or loss	GABBR2	Nicotine dependence

Sources

Expression for Tobacco Addiction

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Tobacco Addiction.

Sources

Pathways for Tobacco Addiction

Pathways related to Tobacco Addiction according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 24)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	Metabolism ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Metabolism of lipids ⁶⁶	13.71	TPH1 MAOA GSTM1 CYP2A6 CYP1A1 COMT
2	Nanog in Mammalian ESC Pluripotency ⁶⁴ Show member pathways 14-3-3 Induced Intracellular Signaling ⁶⁴ eNOS Signaling ⁶⁴ GSK3 Signaling ⁶⁴	13.14	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
3	Metapathway biotransformation Phase I and II ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Acetaminophen metabolism ²² Aflatoxin B1 metabolism ⁷⁴ Artemisinin and Derivatives Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Arylamine metabolism ⁷⁴ Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism ⁷⁴ Benzo[a]pyrene metabolism ²² Benzodiazepine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Biological oxidations ⁶⁶ Cannabidiol Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Doxepin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Estradiol metabolism ²² Flurbiprofen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Haloperidol Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Methylation ⁶⁶ Naproxen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Phase II - Conjugation of compounds ⁶⁶ Phenprocoumon Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Sorafenib Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Tamoxifen Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Voriconazole Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	12.84	ADH1B ALDH2 COMT CYP1A1 CYP2A6 GSTM1
4	Oxidation by cytochrome P450 ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Amine Oxidase reactions ⁶⁶ Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signalling ⁶⁶ Atomoxetine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Biogenic amines are oxidatively deaminated to aldehydes by MAOA and MAOB ⁶⁶ Celecoxib Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Cyclophosphamide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ CYP2E1 reactions ⁶⁶ Cytochrome P450 - arranged by substrate type ⁶⁶ Defective CYP24A1 causes HCAI ⁶⁶ Defective CYP26B1 causes RHFCA ⁶⁶ Defective CYP26C1 causes FFDD4 ⁶⁶ Defective CYP27A1 causes CTX ⁶⁶ Defective CYP27B1 causes VDDR1A ⁶⁶ Defective CYP27B1 causes VDDR1B ⁶⁶ Defective CYP4F22 causes ARCI5 ⁶⁶ Defective MAOA causes BRUNS ⁶⁶ Eicosanoids ⁶⁶ Endogenous sterols ⁶⁶ Ethanol oxidation ⁶⁶ Fatty acid omega-oxidation ⁷⁴ Fatty acids ⁶⁶ Fluvoxamine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Lidocaine Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Miscellaneous substrates ⁶⁶ Phase I - Functionalization of compounds ⁶⁶ Prasugrel Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰ Sterols are 12-hydroxylated by CYP8B1 ⁶⁶ Vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) metabolism ²² Vitamins ⁶⁶ Xenobiotics ⁶⁶	12.6	ADH1B ALDH2 CYP1A1 CYP2A6 MAOA
5	Neuroscience ³	12.45	TPH1 OPRM1 GABBR2 COMT
6	Transmission across Chemical Synapses ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Neuronal System ⁶⁶ Neurotransmitter receptors and postsynaptic signal transmission ⁶⁶	12.31	SLC6A3 MAOA GABBR2 COMT CHRNB4 CHRNB2
7	superpathway of tryptophan utilization ⁶¹ Show member pathways 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde degradation to glutaryl-CoA ⁶¹ L-kynurenine degradation ⁶¹ L-tryptophan degradation III (eukaryotic) ⁶¹ L-tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde ⁶¹ L-tryptophan degradation X (mammalian, via tryptamine) ⁶¹ L-tryptophan degradation XI (mammalian, via kynurenine) ⁶¹ NAD biosynthesis from 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde ⁶¹ NAD biosynthesis II (from tryptophan) ⁷⁴ NAD de novo biosynthesis ⁶¹ NAD de novo biosynthesis II (from tryptophan) ⁶¹ serotonin degradation ⁶¹ tryptophan degradation ⁶¹ tryptophan degradation to 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate semialdehyde ⁶¹ tryptophan degradation via tryptamine ⁶¹ Tryptophan metabolism ⁷⁴	12.11	TPH1 MAOA CYP2A6 CYP1A1 ALDH2 ADH1B
8	Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) susceptibility pathways ⁷⁴	11.83	TPH1 MAOA CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA4
9	Nicotine Pathway (Dopaminergic Neuron), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Nicotine effect on dopaminergic neurons ⁷⁴	11.49	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNB2 DRD2
10	Retinol metabolism (TR) ²² Show member pathways Ifosfamide Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	11.38	CYP2A6 CYP1A1 ALDH2
11	Tamoxifen metabolism ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Phenytoin Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	11.34	CYP2A6 CYP1A1 COMT
12	Biogenic amine synthesis ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Biosynthesis and regeneration of tetrahydrobiopterin and catabolism of phenylalanine ⁷⁴ catecholamine biosynthesis ⁶¹ Catecholamine biosynthesis ⁶⁶ Neurotransmitter disorders ⁷⁴	11.34	TPH1 SLC6A3 MAOA COMT
13	ethanol degradation II ⁶¹ Show member pathways acetate conversion to acetyl-CoA ⁶¹ ethanol degradation III ⁶¹ ethanol degradation IV ⁶¹ Fluoroacetic acid toxicity ⁷⁴ L-phenylalanine degradation IV (mammalian, via side chain) ⁶¹ noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation ⁶¹ oxidative ethanol degradation III ⁶¹ putrescine degradation III ⁶¹	11.28	COMT ALDH2 ADH1B
14	Postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Acetylcholine binding and downstream events ⁶⁶ Highly calcium permeable nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ⁶⁶ Highly calcium permeable postsynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ⁶⁶ Highly sodium permeable postsynaptic acetylcholine nicotinic receptors ⁶⁶ Presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors ⁶⁶	11.28	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
15	Estrogen metabolism ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Estrogen Metabolism Pathway ⁶⁰	11.2	GSTM1 CYP1A1 COMT
16	Neurotransmitter clearance ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Dopamine clearance from the synaptic cleft ⁶⁶ Enzymatic degradation of dopamine by COMT ⁶⁶ Enzymatic degradation of Dopamine by monoamine oxidase ⁶⁶ Flavan-3-ol metabolic pathway ⁷⁴ Metabolism of serotonin ⁶⁶ Serotonin clearance from the synaptic cleft ⁶⁶	11.1	SLC6A3 MAOA COMT ALDH2
17	Naphthalene metabolism ²²	11.05	GSTM1 CYP2A6 CYP1A1
18	Methylphenidate Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways Dopamine receptors ⁶⁶	10.98	SLC6A3 MAOA DRD2 COMT
19	Tyrosine metabolism p.1 (dopamine) ²²	10.91	MAOA COMT ADH1B
20	Retinol metabolism (WikiPathways) ⁷⁴	10.86	CYP2A6 CYP1A1
21	Dopamine metabolism ⁷⁴	10.71	MAOA COMT
22	Propranolol Pathway, Pharmacokinetics ⁶⁰	10.54	MAOA ALDH2
23	Nicotine effect on chromaffin cells ⁷⁴ Show member pathways Nicotine Pathway (Chromaffin Cell), Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰	10.48	CHRNB4 CHRNA3
24	dopamine degradation ⁶¹	10.26	MAOA COMT

Sources

GO Terms for Tobacco Addiction

Cellular components related to Tobacco Addiction according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	membrane	GO:0016020	10.71	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
2	membrane	GO:0016021	10.71	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
3	plasma membrane	GO:0005887	10.5	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
4	plasma membrane	GO:0005886	10.5	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
5	synapse	GO:0045202	10.28	GABBR2 DRD2 CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5
6	neuron projection	GO:0043005	10.16	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
7	plasma membrane raft	GO:0044853	9.99	CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA3
8	presynaptic membrane	GO:0042734	9.88	CHRNB2 DRD2 OPRM1 SLC6A3
9	dopaminergic synapse	GO:0098691	9.88	CHRNA5 DRD2 SLC6A3
10	cholinergic synapse	GO:0098981	9.83	CHRNB4 CHRNB2
11	cellular anatomical entity	GO:0110165	9.8	GABBR2 CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4
12	acetylcholine-gated channel complex	GO:0005892	9.73	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
13	obsolete integral component of presynaptic membrane	GO:0099056	9.67	SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 CHRNB2
14	obsolete integral component of postsynaptic membrane	GO:0099055	9.63	SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2
15	postsynaptic membrane	GO:0045211	9.53	SLC6A3 OPRM1 GABBR2 DRD2 CHRNB4 CHRNB2

Biological processes related to Tobacco Addiction according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 31)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	monoatomic ion transport	GO:0006811	10.32	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
2	monoatomic ion transmembrane transport	GO:0034220	10.3	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
3	chemical synaptic transmission	GO:0007268	10.3	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
4	response to hypoxia	GO:0001666	10.26	CHRNA4 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CYP1A1 DRD2
5	locomotory behavior	GO:0007626	10.21	CHRNA3 CHRNB2 CHRNB4 DRD2 SLC6A3
6	regulation of membrane potential	GO:0042391	10.18	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
7	lipid metabolic process	GO:0006629	10.14	GSTM1 CYP2A6 CYP1A1 COMT APOB ADH1B
8	sensory perception of pain	GO:0019233	10.1	OPRM1 CHRNB2 CHRNA4
9	response to cocaine	GO:0042220	10.1	SLC6A3 OPRM1 DRD2 CHRNB2
10	nervous system process	GO:0050877	10.1	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
11	cognition	GO:0050890	10.09	CHRNA4 CHRNA7 CHRNB2
12	response to ethanol	GO:0045471	10.06	CHRNB2 DRD2 OPRM1 SLC6A3
13	regulation of dopamine secretion	GO:0014059	10.04	DRD2 CHRNB2 CHRNA4
14	acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway	GO:0095500	10.02	CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA3
15	dopamine catabolic process	GO:0042420	10.01	SLC6A3 MAOA COMT
16	behavioral response to nicotine	GO:0035095	9.96	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
17	regulation of dopamine metabolic process	GO:0042053	9.95	SLC6A3 CHRNB2
18	response to acetylcholine	GO:1905144	9.95	CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA3
19	behavioral response to ethanol	GO:0048149	9.94	OPRM1 DRD2
20	neurotransmitter catabolic process	GO:0042135	9.94	MAOA COMT
21	adenohypophysis development	GO:0021984	9.93	SLC6A3 DRD2
22	synaptic transmission, cholinergic	GO:0007271	9.93	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
23	hyaloid vascular plexus regression	GO:1990384	9.91	SLC6A3 DRD2
24	coumarin metabolic process	GO:0009804	9.91	CYP2A6 CYP1A1
25	synaptic transmission involved in micturition	GO:0060084	9.91	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA3
26	dopamine uptake involved in synaptic transmission	GO:0051583	9.89	SLC6A3 DRD2
27	excitatory postsynaptic potential	GO:0060079	9.86	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
28	alcohol metabolic process	GO:0006066	9.8	ALDH2 ADH1B
29	regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	GO:0060078	9.77	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4
30	catecholamine metabolic process	GO:0006584	9.65	MAOA COMT
31	response to nicotine	GO:0035094	9.44	SLC6A3 DRD2 CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5

Molecular functions related to Tobacco Addiction according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 14)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	neurotransmitter receptor activity	GO:0030594	10.18	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
2	transmitter-gated monoatomic ion channel activity involved in regulation of postsynaptic membrane potential	GO:1904315	10.1	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
3	transmembrane signaling receptor activity	GO:0004888	10.08	GABBR2 CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4
4	ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	GO:0015276	10.07	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
5	oxidoreductase activity	GO:0016491	10.05	TPH1 MAOA CYP2A6 CYP1A1 ALDH2 ADH1B
6	acetylcholine binding	GO:0042166	10.03	CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
7	excitatory extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	GO:0005231	10.03	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
8	monoatomic ion channel activity	GO:0005216	10	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
9	heterocyclic compound binding	GO:1901363	9.97	SLC6A3 DRD2 CHRNB2
10	monooxygenase activity	GO:0004497	9.84	TPH1 CYP2A6 CYP1A1
11	dopamine binding	GO:0035240	9.83	SLC6A3 DRD2
12	acetylcholine-gated monoatomic cation-selective channel activity	GO:0022848	9.73	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3
13	extracellular ligand-gated monoatomic ion channel activity	GO:0005230	9.63	CHRNA3 CHRNA4 CHRNA5 CHRNA7 CHRNB2 CHRNB4
14	acetylcholine receptor activity	GO:0015464	9.4	CHRNB4 CHRNB2 CHRNA7 CHRNA5 CHRNA4 CHRNA3