Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

THS MCID: TLS001 MIFTS: 34	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS) Categories: Eye diseases, Muscle diseases, Neuronal diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Symptoms & Phenotypes Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

MalaCards integrated aliases for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

Name: Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome ¹² ⁷⁴ ²⁰ ⁵⁸ ⁴⁴ ¹⁵ ⁷¹

Painful Ophthalmoplegia ²⁰ ⁵⁸

Nonspecific Inflammation of the Cavernous Sinus or Superior Orbital Fissure ²⁰

Ophthalmoplegia, Painful ⁷¹

Tolosa Hunt Syndrome ²⁰

Ths ²⁰

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases
Anatomical: Eye diseases Neuronal diseases Muscle diseases

See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)

ICD10: ³³

Diseases of the eye and adnexa

Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction

Paralytic strabismus

Other paralytic strabismus

Orphanet: ⁵⁸

Rare eye diseases

External Ids:

Disease Ontology ¹² DOID:1278

MeSH ⁴⁴ D020333

NCIt ⁵⁰ C85193

SNOMED-CT ⁶⁷ 75111000

MESH via Orphanet ⁴⁵ C531833 D020333

ICD10 via Orphanet ³³ H49.8

UMLS via Orphanet ⁷² C0040381 C0392060

Orphanet ⁵⁸ ORPHA64686

UMLS ⁷¹ C0040381 C0392060

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Summaries for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

GARD : ²⁰ Tolosa Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare condition characterized by painful ophthalmoplegia (paralysis and/or weakness of the eye muscles). Onset can occur at any age. Signs and symptoms include a constant pain behind the eye; decreased eye movements; and signs of cranial nerve paralysis such as drooping of the upper eyelid (ptosis), double vision (diplopia), large pupil, and facial numbness. Although it is considered a benign condition, permanent neurologic deficits can occur and relapses are common. The features of THS are caused by inflammation of the cavernous sinus (an area at the base of the brain) but the underlying cause of the inflammation is unknown. Left untreated, symptoms may resolve spontaneously after an average of about eight weeks. Treatment may include use of glucocorticoids or other immunosuppressive therapies.

MalaCards based summary : Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome, also known as painful ophthalmoplegia, is related to cranial nerve palsy and facial paralysis, and has symptoms including ophthalmoplegia An important gene associated with Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome is PRTN3 (Proteinase 3). Affiliated tissues include eye, pituitary and breast.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁴ Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (THS) is a rare disorder characterized by severe and unilateral headaches with... more...

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Related Diseases for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Diseases related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 369)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cranial nerve palsy	30.8	PRTN3 CRP ACE
2	facial paralysis	30.7	PRTN3 CRP ACE
3	multiple cranial nerve palsy	30.5	PRTN3 CRP ACE
4	orbital plasma cell granuloma	30.5	PRTN3 CRP
5	mononeuropathy	30.4	PRTN3 CRP
6	exophthalmos	30.4	PRTN3 CD1E CD1A
7	pyelonephritis	30.4	CRP ACE
8	papilledema	30.4	CRP ACE
9	scleritis	30.2	PRTN3 CRP
10	neurosarcoidosis	30.1	CRP ACE
11	carotid stenosis	30.0	CRP ACE
12	coronary heart disease 1	30.0	CRP ACE
13	pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive	30.0	PRTN3 CRP ACE
14	posterior scleritis	29.9	PRTN3 CRP ACE
15	sphenoid sinusitis	29.9	CRP CD1E CD1A
16	exanthem	29.9	PRTN3 CRP ACE
17	kearns-sayre syndrome	11.1
18	acute ackee fruit intoxication	10.9
19	ptosis	10.8
20	headache	10.7
21	meningioma, familial	10.6
22	spinal meningioma	10.6
23	secretory meningioma	10.6
24	lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma	10.6
25	sarcoidosis 1	10.5
26	migraine with or without aura 1	10.5
27	aneurysm	10.5
28	abducens palsy	10.4
29	b-cell lymphoma	10.4
30	neuropathy	10.4
31	diabetes insipidus	10.4
32	burkitt lymphoma	10.3
33	trigeminal neuralgia	10.3
34	bell's palsy	10.3
35	optic nerve disease	10.3
36	thyroiditis	10.3
37	actinomycosis	10.3
38	vasculitis	10.3
39	lupus erythematosus	10.3
40	granulomatous myositis	10.3	PRTN3 ACE
41	purulent acute otitis media	10.3	PRTN3 CRP
42	frontal sinusitis	10.3	PRTN3 CRP
43	bicipital tenosynovitis	10.3	PRTN3 CRP
44	tenosynovitis	10.3	PRTN3 CRP
45	ethmoid sinusitis	10.3	PRTN3 CRP
46	acute dacryoadenitis	10.2	CRP ACE
47	splenic tuberculosis	10.2	PRTN3 CRP
48	mediastinum teratoma	10.2	CRP ACE
49	subacute bacterial endocarditis	10.2	PRTN3 CRP
50	branch retinal artery occlusion	10.2	PRTN3 CRP

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

UMLS symptoms related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

ophthalmoplegia

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Search Clinical Trials , NIH Clinical Center for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Cochrane evidence based reviews: tolosa-hunt syndrome

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Genetic Tests for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

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Anatomical Context for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

⁴⁰

Eye, Pituitary, Breast, Cortex, Smooth Muscle, Small Intestine, Salivary Gland

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Publications for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Articles related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

(show top 50) (show all 594)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome in Childhood and Adolescence: A Literature Review in the Last 10 Years. ⁶¹	Gama BP...Silva-Neto RP	32892335	2021
2	Tolosa-Hunt syndrome as a manifestation of Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis. ⁶¹	Dutta P	32910772	2021
3	Tolosa-Hunt syndrome relapse during pregnancy following chronic intake of combined oral contraceptives. ⁶¹	Piamonte BLC...Cenina AR	33462037	2021
4	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome Misdiagnosed as Surgical Complication After Frontal Balloon Sinuplasty. ⁶¹	Lee KI...In SM	33534326	2021
5	Cavernous sinus lesions. ⁶¹	Munawar K...Hagiwara M	32574933	2020
6	Painful ophthalmoplegia syndrome, beyond Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. A case series. ⁶¹	Arenas Diaz RD...Calderon Castro AP	33384172	2020
7	Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) versus computed tomographic scan (CT scan) of brain in evaluation of suspected cavernous sinus syndrome. ⁶¹	Bhatkar S...Lal V	33283671	2020
8	Bilateral facial nerve involvement in a patient with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. ⁶¹	Madhavan AA...Verdoorn JT	32648510	2020
9	Escaping from the hunt. ⁶¹	Park B...Bilyk JR	33129799	2020
10	A rare case of pediatric Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. ⁶¹	Sohal P...Karwoski B	32889049	2020
11	[Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome; clinical and brain MRI features and treatment]. ⁶¹	Ali A...Yalcin R	32789829	2020
12	Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: case series on the timed use of diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging. ⁶¹	Mikhail M...Sundaram ANE	32241528	2020
13	Treatment of idiopathic orbital myositis with frequent relapses: First case with tacrolimus and review of literature. ⁶¹	Zheng Y...Ding MP	32668345	2020
14	Perineuritis or infiltration of optic nerve sheath? A presentation of diffuse large B cell Gastric lymphoma. ⁶¹	Phuljhele S...Sharma P	32461486	2020
15	Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with general myasthenia gravis involvement. ⁶¹	Li L...Lu MO	32706200	2020
16	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: A Non-Classical Presentation of a Rare Cause of Unilateral Headache and Painful Ophthalmoplegia. ⁶¹	Douedi S...Carson MP	32362975	2020
17	Use of methotrexate in the management of recurrent Tolosa-Hunt syndrome: Two case reports. ⁶¹	Kwon HS...Kim HY	32332660	2020
18	Burkitt lymphoma masquerading as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome in an HIV-seropositive patient. ⁶¹	Baig I...Adesina OO	31018683	2020
19	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: Long-Term Outcome and Role of Steroid-Sparing Agents. ⁶¹	Arthur A...Alexander M	32189862	2020
20	TOLOSA-HUNT SYNDROME WITH PITUITARY INVOLVEMENT. ⁶¹	Yu R	32160047	2020
21	A Case of Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy with Associated Oculomotor Nerve Tumour. ⁶¹	Moloney P...O' Riordan S	32076446	2020
22	Gone in the blink of an eye - A Tolosa-Hunt syndrome variant. ⁶¹	Dholoo F...Missouris CG	31879056	2020
23	A Case of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome With Discoid Lupus Erythematosus. ⁶¹	Yu AW...Cheng NT	31839865	2020
24	Reappraising the Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria: A Case Series. ⁶¹	Mullen E...Shrivastava R	31681980	2020
25	Clinical Features of Painful Ophthalmoplegia with a High-Intensity Ring Appearance around the Optic Nerve on MRI: A Case Series. ⁶¹	Nosaki Y...Iwai K	32292612	2020
26	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: A Painful Ophthalmoplegia. ⁶¹	Bugeme M...Diop AG	33204552	2020
27	Successful treatment of pediatric Tolosa-Hunt syndrome with adalimumab. ⁶¹	Wiener J...Cron RQ	31804175	2019
28	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: Clinical Manifestations in Children. ⁶¹	Tsirigotaki M...Vorgia P	30982655	2019
29	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome as an Initial Presentation of Sarcoidosis. ⁶¹	Brandy-Garcia A...Caminal-Montero L	31488356	2019
30	[Cavernous sinus syndrome as the initial symptom of Burkitt's lymphoma: a case report and literature review]. ⁶¹	Ruiz-Ortiz M...Calleja-Castano P	31497869	2019
31	Optic Perineuritis in a Case of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome. ⁶¹	Mendonca TM...Rodrigues GR	31602155	2019
32	Endoscopic transnasal image-guided approach to diagnosis in orbital apex and optic canal lesions. ⁶¹	Unadkat SN...Grant WE	31271349	2019
33	The aetiologies of unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy: a clinical analysis on 121 patients. ⁶¹	Chen H...Hua F	31035834	2019
34	Clinical features of hypertrophic pachymeningitis in a center survey. ⁶¹	Cacao G...Damasio J	30588552	2019
35	Carotid-cavernous fistula(CCF) presenting as paroxysmal painful ophthalmoplegia. ⁶¹	Li S...Lin Y	30744702	2019
36	Oculomotor Synkinesis (Aberrant Reinnervation of the Third Cranial Nerve) Associated with Atypical Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome. ⁶¹	Harris GR...Lavin PJM	33012913	2019
37	A 17-Year-Old Girl With Unilateral Headache and Double Vision. ⁶¹	Rodriguez-Homs LG...Das SU	31010318	2019
38	Actinomyces cavernous sinus infection: a case and systematic literature review. ⁶¹	Lubomski M...Reddel S	29650638	2018
39	Time to retire the Tolosa-Hunt syndrome? ⁶¹	Lueck CJ	29848513	2018
40	Miller Fisher Syndrome Mimicking Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome. ⁶¹	Oomura M...Matsukawa N	29709941	2018
41	A case of headache, double vision and ptosis in emergency department: Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. ⁶¹	Kose A...Yilmaz A	30191197	2018
42	The aetiologies of the unilateral oculomotor nerve palsy: a review of the literature. ⁶¹	Raza HK...Cui G	30592440	2018
43	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome: Appraising the ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria. ⁶¹	Mullen E...Shrivastava R	29169256	2018
44	A cavernous sinus lesion clinically responsive to steroids. ⁶¹	Ruff MW...Klaas JP	29685413	2018
45	A case of delirium in Tolosa-Hunt syndrome during corticosteroid therapy. ⁶¹	Ishikawa R...Shirahama K	32026006	2018
46	Angiographic Findings in the Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome and Resolution after Corticosteroid Treatment. ⁶¹	Ravindran K...Thomas AJ	29796050	2018
47	Orbital Pain, Ophthalmoplegia, and Oligoclonal Bands in the Cerebrospinal Fluid: A Case Report of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome. ⁶¹	Jarholm JA...Kristoffersen ES	29516491	2018
48	Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome. ⁶¹	Yuliati A...Rajamani K	29623162	2018
49	Painful Ophthalmoplegia: Aspergillosis, Tolosa-hunt and other Causes. ⁶¹	Liesse A...Salerno D	30039043	2018
50	Successful Treatment of Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome after a Single Infusion of Infliximab. ⁶¹	Halabi T...Sawaya R	29629550	2018

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Genes for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Genes related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	PRTN3	Proteinase 3	Protein Coding	5.75	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
2	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	5.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
3	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	4.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
4	CNDP2	Carnosine Dipeptidase 2	Protein Coding	4.89	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
5	MLANA	Melan-A	Protein Coding	4.5	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
6	TADA3	Transcriptional Adaptor 3	Protein Coding	4.42	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
7	CD1E	CD1e Molecule	Protein Coding	4.33	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵
8	CD1A	CD1a Molecule	Protein Coding	4.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁵

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Variations for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

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Expression for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome.

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Pathways for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

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GO Terms for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Cellular components related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.02	PRTN3 CRP CD1E CD1A ACE

Biological processes related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	positive regulation of T cell mediated cytotoxicity	GO:0001916	9.16	CD1E CD1A
2	antigen processing and presentation, exogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib	GO:0048007	8.96	CD1E CD1A
3	antigen processing and presentation, endogenous lipid antigen via MHC class Ib	GO:0048006	8.62	CD1E CD1A

Molecular functions related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	carboxypeptidase activity	GO:0004180	9.32	CNDP2 ACE
2	lipopeptide binding	GO:0071723	9.26	CD1E CD1A
3	metallodipeptidase activity	GO:0070573	9.16	CNDP2 ACE
4	exogenous lipid antigen binding	GO:0030884	8.96	CD1E CD1A
5	endogenous lipid antigen binding	GO:0030883	8.62	CD1E CD1A

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Sources for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

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⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)

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⁶⁹ TGDB

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ Wikipedia

Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS)

Aliases & Classifications for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

MalaCards integrated aliases for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

Classifications:

External Ids:

Summaries for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Related Diseases for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Diseases related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

UMLS symptoms related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

Drugs & Therapeutics for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Cochrane evidence based reviews: tolosa-hunt syndrome

Genetic Tests for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Anatomical Context for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

Publications for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Articles related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome:

Genes for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Genes related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (0 elite genes):

Variations for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Expression for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Pathways for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

GO Terms for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome

Cellular components related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Biological processes related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Molecular functions related to Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

Sources for Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome