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MCID: TRC005
MIFTS: 43

Tracheal Stenosis

Categories: Respiratory diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Tracheal Stenosis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Tracheal Stenosis:

Name: Tracheal Stenosis 12 29 44 15 71
Stenosis of Trachea 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Anatomical: Respiratory diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:3227
MeSH 44 D014135
NCIt 50 C78646
SNOMED-CT 67 11296007
UMLS 71 C0040583
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Summaries for Tracheal Stenosis

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MalaCards based summary : Tracheal Stenosis, also known as stenosis of trachea, is related to geleophysic dysplasia 1 and geleophysic dysplasia 3. An important gene associated with Tracheal Stenosis is ADAMTSL2 (ADAMTS Like 2), and among its related pathways/superpathways are PAK Pathway and p70S6K Signaling. The drugs Prednisolone and Prednisolone acetate have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include trachea, heart and lymph node, and related phenotypes are mortality/aging and craniofacial

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Related Diseases for Tracheal Stenosis

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Diseases related to Tracheal Stenosis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 301)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 geleophysic dysplasia 1 31.9 TBRG1 LTBP3 FBN1 ADAMTSL2
2 geleophysic dysplasia 3 31.9 TBRG1 LTBP3 ADAMTSL2
3 geleophysic dysplasia 2 31.7 TBRG1 LTBP3 FBN1 ADAMTSL2
4 tracheomalacia 30.8 TBX4 OSR1
5 aneurysm 30.3 TGFB3 FLNA FBN1
6 geleophysic dysplasia 30.1 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1 FBN1 ADAMTSL4
7 aortic aneurysm 30.0 TGFB3 FLNA FBN1
8 hypertrophic scars 29.9 TGFB1 FBN1
9 marfan syndrome 29.6 TGFB1 FLNA FBN1
10 aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 1 28.9 TGFB3 LTBP3 LTBP1 FLNA FBN1
11 tracheal disease 28.6 TBX4 TBRG1 PRTN3 FLNA FBN1 ADAMTSL4
12 tracheobronchial stenosis, congenital 11.5
13 idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis 11.4
14 anterior chamber cleavage disorder, cerebellar hypoplasia, hypothyroidism, and tracheal stenosis 11.3
15 respiratory failure 10.5
16 tracheoesophageal fistula with or without esophageal atresia 10.5
17 thyroid carcinoma 10.4
18 tetralogy of fallot 10.4
19 esophageal atresia 10.4
20 heart septal defect 10.4
21 esophageal cancer 10.4
22 goiter 10.4
23 ventricular septal defect 10.3
24 relapsing polychondritis 10.3
25 gastroesophageal reflux 10.3
26 pulmonary hypoplasia, primary 10.3
27 bronchitis 10.3
28 dysphagia 10.3
29 cyanosis, transient neonatal 10.2
30 double outlet right ventricle 10.2
31 mediastinitis 10.2
32 postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome 10.2 TBRG1 FBN1
33 lens position anomaly 10.2 FBN1 ADAMTSL4
34 aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 2 10.2 FLNA FBN1
35 down syndrome 10.2
36 heart disease 10.2
37 tracheobronchomalacia 10.2
38 orbital disease 10.2 PRTN3 FBN1
39 mucopolysaccharidosis, type ii 10.2
40 asthma 10.2
41 patent ductus arteriosus 1 10.2
42 granulomatosis with polyangiitis 10.2
43 pneumothorax 10.2
44 atrial heart septal defect 10.2
45 vasculitis 10.2
46 amyloidosis 10.2
47 tracheitis 10.2
48 chromosomal triplication 10.2
49 loeys-dietz syndrome 5 10.1 TGFB3 FBN1
50 primary congenital glaucoma 10.1 LTBP3 FBN1 ADAMTS10

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Tracheal Stenosis:



Diseases related to Tracheal Stenosis
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Tracheal Stenosis

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MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Tracheal Stenosis:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 mortality/aging MP:0010768 9.9 ADAMTS17 ADAMTSL2 FBN1 FLNA LTBP1 LTBP3
2 craniofacial MP:0005382 9.87 ADAMTS17 FBN1 FLNA LTBP1 LTBP3 TGFB1
3 limbs/digits/tail MP:0005371 9.8 ADAMTS17 ADAMTSL2 FBN1 LTBP1 OSR1 TBX4
4 respiratory system MP:0005388 9.5 ADAMTSL2 FBN1 FLNA LTBP3 OSR1 TGFB1
5 skeleton MP:0005390 9.36 ADAMTS10 ADAMTS17 ADAMTSL2 FBN1 FLNA LTBP1
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Tracheal Stenosis

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Drugs for Tracheal Stenosis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 18)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Prednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 50-24-8 5755
2 Prednisolone acetate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 52-21-1
3
Methylprednisolone hemisuccinate Approved Phase 4 2921-57-5
4
Prednisolone phosphate Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 302-25-0
5
Methylprednisolone Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 83-43-2 6741
6
Prednisolone hemisuccinate Experimental Phase 4 2920-86-7
7 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 4
8 Hormones Phase 4
9 Hormone Antagonists Phase 4
10 Methylprednisolone Acetate Phase 4
11 glucocorticoids Phase 4
12 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 4
13 Ulipristal acetate 126784-99-4
14 Anesthetics
15 Antibiotics, Antitubercular
16 Mitomycins
17 Anti-Bacterial Agents
18 Alkylating Agents

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 21)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Investigation of the Effect of Systemic Steroids on Treatment and Prevention of Recurrent Tracheal Stenosis in Postoperative Patients Completed NCT02855502 Phase 4 Prednisolone;Placebo
2 Replacement of the Airways and/or the Pulmonary Vessels Using a Cryopreserved Arterial Allograft Completed NCT01331863 Phase 1, Phase 2
3 Treatment of Laryngotracheal Stenosis Using Autologous Olfactory-mucosa-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Completed NCT03130374 Phase 1, Phase 2
4 Phase I/IIa Clinical Trial of Stem Cell Based Tissue Engineered Partial Laryngeal Implants in 10 Adult Patients With End-stage Laryngeal Stenosis With 24 Months Follow-up. Withdrawn NCT01977911 Phase 1, Phase 2
5 A Phase I Open-label Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Potential Efficacy of a Novel Tracheal Replacement Consisting of a Tissue-engineered Decellularised Tracheal Scaffold With Seeded Autologous Mesenchymal Cells in Subjects With Severe Tracheal Stenosis or Malacia Suspended NCT02949414 Phase 1
6 Biodegradable Stents in the Management of Stenoses of the Large Airways Unknown status NCT02620319
7 A Clinical Trial on Effectiveness and Safety of Inhaling Hydrogen-oxygen to Decreases Inspiratory Effort for the Patients With Tracheal Stenosis: A Randomized, Double-blind and Single-center Clinical Study Unknown status NCT02961387
8 Modified Endotracheal Balloon Dilator to Improve Oxygenation During Airway Procedures in Children With Tracheal Stenosis Unknown status NCT03411928
9 Modified Endotracheal Balloon Dilator to Improve Patient Oxygenation and Allow Ventilation During Airway Procedures Completed NCT02796326
10 Factors to Obstructive Granulation Tissue Formation After Ultraflex Stenting in Benign Tracheal Narrowing Completed NCT01006200
11 Matrix Biology of Tracheobronchomalacia and Tracheal Stenosis Completed NCT00705848
12 Stent Versus Balloon Dilatation in Patients With Tracheal Benign Stenosis Completed NCT04674995
13 Relationship Between Tracheal and Left Pulmonary Artery Stenosis Index and Prognosis of Pulmonary Artery Sling With Tracheal Stenosis Completed NCT04383184
14 A Retrospective and Prospective Observational, Multicentric, Case-control Clinical Study for the Evaluation of Tracheal Stenosis Among Patients With COVID-19 and Prolonged Intubation or Tracheostomy. Recruiting NCT04686721
15 Comprehensive Phenotypic and Genetic Assessment of Tracheal and Esophageal Birth Defects in Patients Recruiting NCT03455881
16 The Effects of High-flow Nasal Oxygen on Oxygenation During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under General Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Observational Pilot Study Recruiting NCT03905733
17 Covered Metallic Segmented Airway Stent Modified With 3D Printing for Malignant Stricture Involving Carina and Bronchi Distal to Carina: A Multicenter Study Recruiting NCT03890575
18 Role of Bronchoscopy in Assessment of Patients With Post-intubation Tracheal Stenosis Not yet recruiting NCT04625400
19 DilAtation Versus Endoscopic Resection in Simple Benign trAcheal sTEnosis : a Randomized Controlled Trial Not yet recruiting NCT04719845
20 A Randomized Study of Mitomycin-C Application in the Endoscopic Surgical Treatment of Patients With Laryngotracheal Stenosis Terminated NCT01523275 Mitomycin -C
21 Office-based Radial Expansion Balloon Dilation of the Esophagus and Trachea Withdrawn NCT00583960

Search NIH Clinical Center for Tracheal Stenosis

Cochrane evidence based reviews: tracheal stenosis

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Genetic Tests for Tracheal Stenosis

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Genetic tests related to Tracheal Stenosis:

# Genetic test Affiliating Genes
1 Tracheal Stenosis 29
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Anatomical Context for Tracheal Stenosis

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Tracheal Stenosis:

40
Trachea, Heart, Lymph Node, Spinal Cord, Lung, Thyroid, Endothelial
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Publications for Tracheal Stenosis

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Articles related to Tracheal Stenosis:

(show top 50) (show all 2870)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Post-intubation tracheal stenosis in COVID-19 patients. 61
33011955 2021
2
Cinematic rendering enhancements to virtual bronchoscopy: assessment of emergent tracheal pathology. 61
32617731 2021
3
Anesthetic consideration for airway management in patient undergoing tracheal resection and reconstruction for severe postintubation tracheal stenosis: a case report. 61
33593198 2021
4
Bronchoscopic management as an alternative treatment in non-operable benign tracheal stenosis. 61
33523519 2021
5
Lung Hypoplasia Associated with Ring-Sling Complex is Usually Right-Sided. 61
33607054 2021
6
Histological features of complete tracheal rings in congenital tracheal stenosis. 61
33388965 2021
7
Managing benign tracheal stenosis during COVID-19 outbreak. 61
32845451 2021
8
Safety of percutaneous dilatational tracheotomy (PDT) with the rigid tracheotomy endoscope (TED): a 6-month follow-up multicenter investigation. 61
33588755 2021
9
Novel expandable architected breathing tube for improving airway securement in emergency care. 61
33285451 2021
10
Tracheal anomalies associated with Down syndrome: A systematic review. 61
33434377 2021
11
A novel method using a single lumen tube and extraluminal bronchial blocker for one-lung ventilation in severe tracheal stenosis: a case report. 61
33302630 2021
12
A case report of pulmonary artery sling and situs inversus incompletes. 61
33545997 2021
13
Surgical repair for post-tuberculosis tracheobronchial stenosis. 61
32996320 2021
14
[Assessment of tracheal elasticity and tracheal anastomosis tension in cicatricial stenosis]. 61
33570352 2021
15
Effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate on laryngotracheal stenosis after balloon dilation: a randomized controlled trial. 61
33496811 2021
16
Anomalous innominate artery complicating tracheal surgical procedures. 61
33487184 2021
17
[Long-term postoperative outcomes in patients with cicatricial tracheal stenosis depending on surgical approach]. 61
33395506 2021
18
Use of venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for resection of a large paratracheal mass causing critical tracheal stenosis: A case report. 61
33225496 2021
19
Long-term outcomes of tracheal stents removal under fluoroscopy guidance: comparison of tracheal fistulas and tracheal stenosis. 61
33413278 2021
20
Tracheal Stenosis after Tracheostomy. 61
33160732 2021
21
Long-term efficacy and safety of the Dumon stent for benign tracheal stenosis: a meta-analysis. 61
33569188 2021
22
Montgomery T-Tube in the Treatment of Tracheal Stenosis: Experience of a Respiratory Endoscopy Unit and Review of the Literature. 61
32798008 2021
23
Perinatal rib fractures in 18 calves delivered from Holstein dams. 61
32775764 2020
24
Pseudomembranous Tracheobronchitis With Severe Tracheal Stenosis and Masked Bronchial Obstruction. 61
33353810 2020
25
An 84-Year-Old Woman with Shortness of Breath and Low Oxygen Saturation: "Think Outside the Box". 61
33313592 2020
26
Predictors of Tracheostomy Decannulation in Adult Laryngotracheal Stenosis. 61
33290164 2020
27
Treatment of tracheal stenosis with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in infants and newborns. 61
33350476 2020
28
Lethal severe congenital tracheal stenosis with tracheal ring complicating respiratory distress syndrome in an extremely premature infant: first reported case in Qatar with a literature review. 61
33310828 2020
29
Fiberoptic Bronchoscopic Submucosal Injection of Mitomycin C for Recurrent Bening Tracheal Stenosis: A Case Series. 61
33381947 2020
30
Postoperative outcome of tracheal resection in benign and malignant tracheal stenosis. 61
33378546 2020
31
Tracheal Reconstruction Surgery Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Patients with Traumatic Post-Tracheotomy Tracheal Stenosis. 61
32475889 2020
32
A promising treatment of tracheal stenosis in critically ill patients. 61
32152954 2020
33
The role of bioresorbable intraluminal airway stents in pediatric tracheobronchial obstruction: A systematic review. 61
33017664 2020
34
Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome (CHAOS): Virtual Navigation in the Fetal Airways After Intrauterine Endoscopic Treatment. 61
33301954 2020
35
'Unventilable Bronquiolitis' as Symptom of Congenital Tracheal Stenosis. 61
33358226 2020
36
Postintubation Multisegmental Tracheal Stenosis, a 24-Year Experience. 61
33232729 2020
37
Indications and clinical outcomes of fully covered self-expandable metallic tracheobronchial stents in patients with malignant airway diseases. 61
32664764 2020
38
Tracheal resection and reconstruction for post-tracheostomy tracheal stenosis treated with T-tube stenting for 10 years. 61
31734860 2020
39
Insulin-like growth factor 1 promotes the extension of Tracheal Epithelium in an in Vitro Tracheal organ culture model. 61
33041094 2020
40
Combined trans-stomal endotracheal approach to peri-stomal tracheal pathologies in children. 61
32896340 2020
41
Tracheal stenosis and recurrent nerve paralysis due to thyroid malignant lymphoma with huge chronic thyroiditis. 61
33117516 2020
42
Morphologic Analysis of Congenital Heart Disease With Anomalous Tracheobronchial Arborization. 61
32114043 2020
43
Clinical course of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. 61
33209390 2020
44
Stent intervention for children with CHD and tracheal stenosis. 61
32959745 2020
45
Tracheoplasty for Patients with Pulmonary Artery Sling and Tracheal Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis. 61
32494877 2020
46
Late Presentation of Long Segment Tracheal Stenosis with Complete Tracheal Rings. 61
32502477 2020
47
Repair of pulmonary artery sling with tracheal and intracardiac defects. 61
32659103 2020
48
Orally Inhaled Drug Particle Transport in Computerized Models of Laryngotracheal Stenosis. 61
33045904 2020
49
Diagnosis of a sublaryngeal abscess in a Japanese Black calf using computed tomography. 61
32879155 2020
50
Tracheal stent placement provides opportunity for subsequent anti-cancer therapy for cancer patients with malignant respiratory complications. 61
32921112 2020
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Variations for Tracheal Stenosis

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Expression for Tracheal Stenosis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Tracheal Stenosis.
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Pathways for Tracheal Stenosis

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Pathways related to Tracheal Stenosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 21)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
PAK Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 13.09 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1 FLNA
2
p70S6K Signaling 63
Show member pathways
 12.85 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1
3
Phospholipase-C Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.85 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1 FBN1
4
Degradation of the extracellular matrix 65
Show member pathways
 12.56 TGFB3 TGFB1 LTBP3 LTBP1 FBN1
5
NF-KappaB Family Pathway 63
Show member pathways
 12.47 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1
6
G-protein signaling RAC1 in cellular process 23
Show member pathways
 12.22 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1
7
O-linked glycosylation 65
Show member pathways
 12.06 ADAMTSL4 ADAMTSL2 ADAMTS17 ADAMTS10
8
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.01 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1
9
Diseases of glycosylation 65
Show member pathways
 11.9 ADAMTSL4 ADAMTSL2 ADAMTS17 ADAMTS10
10
Transcription_P53 signaling pathway 23
11.5 TGFB3 TGFB1 FLNA
11
G-protein signaling_RhoA regulation pathway 23
11.46 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1
12
TGF-beta signaling pathway (KEGG) 36
11.43 TGFB3 TGFB1 LTBP1 FBN1
13
O-glycosylation of TSR domain-containing proteins 65
Show member pathways
 11.14 ADAMTSL4 ADAMTSL2 ADAMTS17 ADAMTS10
14
Extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in recipient cells 1
11.08 TGFB3 TGFB1
15
ALK1 signaling events 1
Show member pathways
 11.02 TGFB3 TGFB1
16
Glypican 1 network 1
10.99 TGFB3 TGFB1
17
Hypothesized Pathways in Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Disease 1
10.9 LTBP1 FLNA FBN1
18
Elastic fibre formation 65
Show member pathways
 10.88 TGFB3 TGFB1 LTBP3 LTBP1 FBN1
19
IL-4 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types 64
10.79 TGFB3 TGFB1
20
G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway 23
10.64 TGFB3 TGFB1 TBRG1 LTBP3 LTBP1 FBN1
21
IL-9 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types 64
10.62 TGFB3 TGFB1
Sources

GO Terms for Tracheal Stenosis

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Cellular components related to Tracheal Stenosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.9 TGFB3 TGFB1 PRTN3 LTBP3 LTBP1 FLNA
2 extracellular matrix GO:0031012 9.5 TGFB1 LTBP1 FBN1 ADAMTSL4 ADAMTSL2 ADAMTS17
3 microfibril GO:0001527 9.43 LTBP1 FBN1 ADAMTS10
4 collagen-containing extracellular matrix GO:0062023 9.23 TGFB3 TGFB1 PRTN3 LTBP3 LTBP1 FBN1

Biological processes related to Tracheal Stenosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 21)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 proteolysis GO:0006508 9.92 PRTN3 ADAMTSL4 ADAMTSL2 ADAMTS17 ADAMTS10
2 platelet degranulation GO:0002576 9.73 TGFB3 TGFB1 FLNA
3 transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0007179 9.71 TGFB3 TGFB1 LTBP3
4 negative regulation of transforming growth factor beta receptor signaling pathway GO:0030512 9.69 TGFB3 TGFB1 ADAMTSL2
5 digestive tract development GO:0048565 9.6 TGFB3 TGFB1
6 face morphogenesis GO:0060325 9.59 TGFB3 TGFB1
7 embryonic hindlimb morphogenesis GO:0035116 9.58 TBX4 OSR1
8 positive regulation of collagen biosynthetic process GO:0032967 9.58 TGFB3 TGFB1
9 negative regulation of phagocytosis GO:0050765 9.57 TGFB1 PRTN3
10 positive regulation of SMAD protein signal transduction GO:0060391 9.55 TGFB3 TGFB1
11 cellular response to insulin-like growth factor stimulus GO:1990314 9.49 TGFB1 FBN1
12 response to laminar fluid shear stress GO:0034616 9.48 TGFB3 TGFB1
13 salivary gland morphogenesis GO:0007435 9.46 TGFB3 TGFB1
14 ossification involved in bone remodeling GO:0043932 9.43 TGFB3 TGFB1
15 positive regulation of bone mineralization GO:0030501 9.43 TGFB3 TGFB1 OSR1
16 negative regulation of macrophage cytokine production GO:0010936 9.4 TGFB3 TGFB1
17 sequestering of TGFbeta in extracellular matrix GO:0035583 9.37 LTBP1 FBN1
18 frontal suture morphogenesis GO:0060364 9.32 TGFB3 TGFB1
19 regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition involved in endocardial cushion formation GO:1905005 9.16 TGFB3 TGFB1
20 cell-cell junction organization GO:0045216 9.13 TGFB3 TGFB1 FLNA
21 extracellular matrix organization GO:0030198 9.02 FBN1 ADAMTSL4 ADAMTSL2 ADAMTS17 ADAMTS10

Molecular functions related to Tracheal Stenosis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 protein-containing complex binding GO:0044877 9.73 TGFB3 TGFB1 FLNA FBN1
2 transforming growth factor beta receptor binding GO:0005160 9.4 TGFB3 TGFB1
3 type I transforming growth factor beta receptor binding GO:0034713 9.37 TGFB3 TGFB1
4 type II transforming growth factor beta receptor binding GO:0005114 9.32 TGFB3 TGFB1
5 microfibril binding GO:0050436 9.26 LTBP1 ADAMTSL2
6 metalloendopeptidase activity GO:0004222 9.26 ADAMTSL4 ADAMTSL2 ADAMTS17 ADAMTS10
7 type III transforming growth factor beta receptor binding GO:0034714 9.16 TGFB3 TGFB1
8 transforming growth factor beta binding GO:0050431 8.8 TGFB3 LTBP3 LTBP1
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Sources for Tracheal Stenosis

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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