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MCID: TRC012
MIFTS: 43

Trichuriasis

Categories: Blood diseases, Gastrointestinal diseases, Infectious diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Trichuriasis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Trichuriasis:

Name: Trichuriasis 12 20 3 44 15 17 32
Whipworm Infection 20 3
Infection by Trichuris Trichiura 71
Infection by Trichuris Trichura 12
Trichuris Trichiura Infection 12
Trichuriasis Infection 12
Trichocephaliasis 20
Whipworm Disease 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases Blood diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:1252
ICD9CM 34 127.3
MeSH 44 D014257
NCIt 50 C128399
SNOMED-CT 67 60570001
ICD10 32 B79
UMLS 71 C0040954
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Summaries for Trichuriasis

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CDC : 3 An estimated 604-795 million people in the world are infected with whipworm. Whipworm, hookworm, and Ascaris are known as soil-transmitted helminths (parasitic worms). Together, they account for a major burden of disease worldwide. Whipworms live in the large intestine and whipworm eggs are passed in the feces of infected persons. If the infected person defecates outside (near bushes, in a garden, or field) or if human feces as used as fertilizer, eggs are deposited on soil. They can then mature into a form that is infective. Whipworm infection is caused by ingesting eggs. This can happen when hands or fingers that have contaminated dirt on them are put in the mouth or by consuming vegetables or fruits that have not been carefully cooked, washed or peeled. People infected with whipworm can suffer light or heavy infections. People with light infections usually have no symptoms. People with heavy symptoms can experience frequent, painful passage of stool that contains a mixture of mucus, water, and blood. Rectal prolapse can also occur. Children with heavy infections can become severely anemic and growth-retarded. Whipworm infections are treatable with medication prescribed by your health care provider.

MalaCards based summary : Trichuriasis, also known as whipworm infection, is related to cytokine deficiency and tungiasis, and has symptoms including abdominal pain, rectal prolapse and diarrhea. An important gene associated with Trichuriasis is IL13 (Interleukin 13), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway and Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling. The drugs Sodium citrate and Pyrantel have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include intestine in humans, colon and skin.

Disease Ontology : 12 A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection located in intestine in humans, has material basis in Trichuris trichiura, which is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with egg-carrying soil. The infection has symptom abdominal pain, has symptom diarrhea, has symptom rectal prolapse and has symptom growth retardation.

Wikipedia : 74 Trichuriasis, also known as whipworm infection, is an infection by the parasitic worm Trichuris... more...

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Related Diseases for Trichuriasis

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Diseases related to Trichuriasis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 210)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cytokine deficiency 30.5 IL9 IL13
2 tungiasis 30.2 TNF IL10
3 trichomoniasis 30.2 TNF IL10
4 trichinosis 30.1 IL9 IL13 IL10
5 taeniasis 30.1 TNF IL13 IL10
6 parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease 29.9 TNF SERPINA3 IL9 IL13 IL10
7 schistosomiasis 29.9 TNF IL9 IL13 IL10
8 celiac disease 1 29.8 TNF IL9 IL13 IL10
9 ascaris lumbricoides infection 10.6
10 ascaridiasis 10.6
11 elephantiasis 10.4 IL13 IL10
12 chromium allergic contact dermatitis 10.4 IL13 IL10
13 ceftriaxone allergy 10.4 IL13 IL10
14 punctate inner choroidopathy 10.4 TNF IL10
15 tropical endomyocardial fibrosis 10.4 TNF IL10
16 endomyocardial fibrosis 10.4 TNF IL10
17 mikulicz disease 10.4 IL13 IL10
18 angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia 10.3 TNF IL13
19 multifocal choroiditis 10.3 TNF IL10
20 choroiditis 10.3 TNF IL10
21 spotted fever rickettsiosis 10.3 TNF IL10
22 palladium allergic contact dermatitis 10.3 TNF IL10
23 actinic prurigo 10.3 TNF IL13
24 timothy grass allergy 10.3 IL13 IL10
25 tertiary syphilis 10.3 TNF IL10
26 toxocariasis 10.3 IL13 IL10
27 bacterial conjunctivitis 10.3 TNF IL10
28 pemphigoid 10.3 TNF IL13
29 post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease 10.3 TNF IL10
30 orofacial granulomatosis 10.3 TNF IL10
31 hypopyon 10.3 TNF IL10
32 chemical colitis 10.3 TNF IL10
33 enterocolitis 10.3 TNF IL10
34 eales disease 10.3 TNF IL10
35 transient hypogammaglobulinemia 10.3 TNF IL10
36 progressive myoclonus epilepsy 8 10.3 TNF IL10
37 dacryoadenitis 10.3 IL13 IL10
38 beta-lactam allergy 10.3 IL13 IL10
39 ancylostomiasis 10.3
40 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuritis 10.3 TNF IL9
41 vaginal discharge 10.3 TNF IL10
42 iritis 10.3 TNF IL10
43 loiasis 10.3 IL9 IL13 IL10
44 nickel allergic contact dermatitis 10.3 IL9 IL13 IL10
45 epstein-barr virus-associated gastric carcinoma 10.3 TNF IL10
46 filarial elephantiasis 10.3 IL9 IL13 IL10
47 iridocyclitis 10.2 TNF IL10
48 egg allergy 10.2 IL13 IL10
49 chorioretinitis 10.2 TNF IL10
50 peanut allergy 10.2 IL9 IL13 IL10

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Trichuriasis:



Diseases related to Trichuriasis
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Trichuriasis

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Symptoms:

12
  • • abdominal pain
  • • rectal prolapse
  • • diarrhea
  • • growth retardation
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Trichuriasis

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Drugs for Trichuriasis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 25)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Sodium citrate Approved, Investigational Phase 4 68-04-2
2
Pyrantel Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 15686-83-6
3
Albendazole Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 54965-21-8 2082
4
Piperazine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 110-85-0 4837
5
Mebendazole Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 31431-39-7 4030
6
Citric acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4 77-92-9 311
7 Oxantel Experimental Phase 4 36531-26-7
8 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Phase 4
9 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4
10 Citrate Phase 4
11 Antiprotozoal Agents Phase 4
12 Antiparasitic Agents Phase 4
13 Anthelmintics Phase 4
14 Pyrantel Pamoate Phase 4
15 Antimitotic Agents Phase 4
16 Tubulin Modulators Phase 4
17 Piperazine citrate Phase 4
18 DMP 777 Phase 4 157341-41-8
19 Adjuvants, Immunologic Phase 4
20 Immunologic Factors Phase 4
21 Antirheumatic Agents Phase 4
22
Ivermectin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 3 70288-86-7 6474909
23 Milbemycin Phase 3
24 Benzimidazole Experimental, Investigational Phase 2 51-17-2
25
Fenbendazole Vet_approved Phase 2 43210-67-9 3334

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 14)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Efficacy of 5 Anthelmintic Regimes Against T. Trichiura Infections in Schoolchildren in Jimma, Ethiopia Completed NCT01327469 Phase 4 Albendazole, 2 x 400mg;Albendazole 400mg;Mebendazole 500mg;Mebendazole 2 x 500mg;Pyrantel-oxantel + mebendazole
2 Longitudinal Study of Efficacy of Standard Albendazole Treatment Versus Levamisole/Pyrantel Pamoate on Soil Transmitted Helminth Infections Completed NCT00659997 Phase 4 Albendazole;Levamisole
3 Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin and Albendazole Co-administration in School-aged Children and Adults Infected With Trichuris Trichiura: a Multi-country Randomized Controlled Trial Active, not recruiting NCT03527732 Phase 2, Phase 3 Albendazole;Albendazole and Ivermectin
4 Efficacy and Safety of Combination Moxidectin and Albendazole, Ivermectin and Albendazole and Albendazole Alone in Adolescents and Adults Infected With Trichuris Trichiura: a Randomized Controlled Trial Not yet recruiting NCT04726969 Phase 3 Moxidectin 2 mg Oral Tablet;Albendazole 400 mg Oral Tablet;Ivermectin 3 mg Oral Tablet
5 Efficacy and Safety of Moxidectin and Albendazole Compared to Ivermectin and Albendazole Co-administration in Adolescents Infected With Trichuris Trichiura: a Randomized Controlled Trial Not yet recruiting NCT04700423 Phase 2, Phase 3 moxidectin (8 mg) / albendazole (400 mg);ivermectin (200 µg/kg) / albendazole (400 mg);ALBENDAZOLE 400 Mg ORAL TABLET [ZENTEL];ivermectin (200 µg/kg);moxidectin (8 mg)
6 Efficacy and Safety of Ascending Dosages of Moxidectin and Moxidectin-albendazole Against Trichuris Trichiura in Adolescents: a Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT03501251 Phase 2 Moxidectin 8mg;Moxidectin 8 mg + albendazole 400 mg;Moxidectin 16 mg;Moxidectin 16 mg + albendazole 400 mg;Moxidectin 24 mg;Moxidectin 24 mg + albendazole 400 mg
7 Prospective, Parallel-group, Open-label Randomized Controlled Trial of Four Treatment Regimes for Trichuriasis in Pediatric Patients Completed NCT04041453 Phase 2 Ivermectin;Albendazole
8 Efficacy and Safety of Ascending Dosages of Albendazole Against T. Trichiura and Hookworm in Preschool- and School-aged Children and Adults: a Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT03527745 Phase 2 Albendazole;Albendazole;Albendazole;Albendazole;Placebo
9 A Phase 2, Partially-Blinded, Randomized, Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Different Doses of Oxfendazole Compared to a Single Dose of Albendazole for the Treatment of Trichuris Trichiura Infection in Adults Not yet recruiting NCT04713787 Phase 2 Albendazole;Oxfendazole
10 An Assessor Blind, Randomized, Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Different Doses of Oxfendazole Compared to Single Dose Albendazole in the Treatment of Trichuris Trichiura Infection in Adults Not yet recruiting NCT03435718 Phase 2 Oxfendazole;Albendazole
11 An Open Comparative Study of the Efficacy of Different Doses of Oxfendazole Compared to Single Dose Albendazole in the Treatment of Trichuris Trichiura Infection in Adults Withdrawn NCT02636803 Phase 2 oxfendazole;albendazole
12 The Sero-prevalence and Genetic Study for the Infectious Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome in Solomon Islands Completed NCT01080989
13 Efficacy and Nutritional Assessment Following Albendazole and Combined Albendazole/Ivermectin Treatment for Intestinal Helminth Infections in Rural Guatemalan Schoolchildren Completed NCT00207753 albendazole vs. combined albendazole/ivermectin treatment
14 Re-infection Rates of Soil-transmitted Helminth Infections Among School-aged Children Following a Single or a 4-monthly Health Hygiene Education: an Open Label Clinical Trial Active, not recruiting NCT04227834

Search NIH Clinical Center for Trichuriasis

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 71 / NDF-RT 51 :


Albendazole
Ivermectin
Mebendazole
Pyrantel
Pyrantel Pamoate

Cochrane evidence based reviews: trichuriasis

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Genetic Tests for Trichuriasis

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Anatomical Context for Trichuriasis

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The Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology organs/tissues related to Trichuriasis:

19
Intestine In Humans

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Trichuriasis:

40
Colon, Skin, T Cells
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Publications for Trichuriasis

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Articles related to Trichuriasis:

(show top 50) (show all 486)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Trichuristrichiura from Macaca sylvanus and Papio papio. 61
33562044 2021
2
An unpleasant souvenir: Endoscopic finding of Trichuris trichiura (Nematoda: Trichuridae). 61
33137503 2021
3
Trichuris spp. in Animals, with Specific Reference to Neo-Tropical Rodents. 61
33494133 2021
4
Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Salmonella typhi among Food Handlers Working in Catering Establishments of Public Institutes Found in Dawuro Zone, South-Western Ethiopia. 61
33510904 2021
5
Trichuris trichiura isolated from Macaca sylvanus: morphological, biometrical, and molecular study. 61
33203430 2020
6
Whip-LAMP: a novel LAMP assay for the detection of Trichuris muris-derived DNA in stool and urine samples in a murine experimental infection model. 61
33160406 2020
7
Development of a Droplet Digital PCR for Detection of Trichuriasis in Sheep. 61
32997756 2020
8
Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Oxfendazole in Healthy Adults in an Open-Label Phase 1 Multiple Ascending Dose and Food Effect Study. 61
32816721 2020
9
Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification as Point-of-Care Diagnosis for Neglected Parasitic Infections. 61
33126446 2020
10
A first nation-wide assessment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Fijian primary schools, and factors associated with the infection, using a lymphatic filariasis transmission assessment survey as surveillance platform. 61
32976499 2020
11
Differentiation of Trichuris species eggs from non-human primates by geometric morphometric analysis. 61
32695575 2020
12
Interactions between helminths and tuberculosis infections: Implications for tuberculosis diagnosis and vaccination in Africa. 61
32498074 2020
13
Enteric parasitic infections in children and dogs in resource-poor communities in northeastern Brazil: Identifying priority prevention and control areas. 61
32516309 2020
14
Whipworm and roundworm infections. 61
32467581 2020
15
Efficacy and safety of ascending dosages of albendazole against Trichuris trichiura in preschool-aged children, school-aged children and adults: A multi-cohort randomized controlled trial. 61
32405623 2020
16
Development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) diagnostic test for detection of whipworm, Trichuris trichiura, in faecal samples. 61
32238209 2020
17
Characterisation of cuticular inflation development and ultrastructure in Trichuris muris using correlative X-ray computed tomography and electron microscopy. 61
32246000 2020
18
In silico design of a T-cell epitope vaccine candidate for parasitic helminth infection. 61
32203551 2020
19
Chronic whipworm infection exacerbates Schistosoma mansoni egg-induced hepatopathology in non-human primates. 61
32111243 2020
20
Whipworm Infection Promotes Bacterial Invasion, Intestinal Microbiota Imbalance, and Cellular Immunomodulation. 61
31843966 2020
21
Distribution of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections in Ogun State, Southwestern Nigeria. 61
32511237 2020
22
Hand hygiene intervention to optimize helminth infection control: Design and baseline results of Mikono Safi-An ongoing school-based cluster-randomised controlled trial in NW Tanzania. 61
33296365 2020
23
Toxocariasis: A neglected infection for the Anthropocene epoch. 61
32381232 2020
24
Trichuriasis. 61
32489874 2020
25
Blood pressure risk factors in early adolescents: results from a Ugandan birth cohort. 61
30804461 2019
26
Parasitic infections in Malaysian aborigines with pulmonary tuberculosis: a comparative cross-sectional study. 61
31363922 2019
27
BioStruct-Africa: empowering Africa-based scientists through structural biology knowledge transfer and mentoring - recent advances and future perspectives. 61
31490179 2019
28
Antihelminthic Efficacy Against Trichuriasis. 61
31211830 2019
29
Biological role of excretory-secretory proteins in endemic parasites of Latin America and the Caribbean. 61
31092301 2019
30
Efficacy of Albendazole and Mebendazole With or Without Levamisole for Ascariasis and Trichuriasis. 61
31110573 2019
31
Efficacy and safety of ivermectin and albendazole co-administration in school-aged children and adults infected with Trichuris trichiura: study protocol for a multi-country randomized controlled double-blind trial. 61
30885157 2019
32
Molecular characterization of Trichuris species isolated from humans, dogs and cats in a rural community in Peninsular Malaysia. 61
30500371 2019
33
Unpacking the Pathogen Box-An Open Source Tool for Fighting Neglected Tropical Disease. 61
30614200 2019
34
Severe whipworm (Trichuris spp.) infection in the hamadryas baboon (Papio hamadryas). 61
30464076 2019
35
Exclusive dependence of IL-10Rα signalling on intestinal microbiota homeostasis and control of whipworm infection. 61
30640950 2019
36
Pseudohypoadrenocorticism in a Siberian Husky with Trichuris vulpis Infection. 61
31263625 2019
37
Deworming in non-pregnant adolescent girls and adult women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 61
30572948 2018
38
Diagnosis of feline whipworm infection using a coproantigen ELISA and the prevalence in feral cats in southern Florida. 61
31014727 2018
39
Ascaris lumbricoides infection induces both, reduction and increase of asthma symptoms in a rural community. 61
30040946 2018
40
Association of intestinal pathogens with faecal markers of environmental enteric dysfunction among slum-dwelling children in the first 2 years of life in Bangladesh. 61
30133067 2018
41
Worm Infestation: Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention. 61
29127616 2018
42
Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin Against Trichuris trichiura in Preschool-aged and School-aged Children: A Randomized Controlled Dose-finding Trial. 61
29617737 2018
43
Genetic characterisation and phylogenetic status of whipworms (Trichuris spp.) from captive non-human primates in China, determined by nuclear and mitochondrial sequencing. 61
30236150 2018
44
2,4-Diaminothieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines, a new class of anthelmintic with activity against adult and egg stages of whipworm. 61
29995893 2018
45
The burden of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Brazil, 1990-2016: A subnational analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. 61
29864133 2018
46
Infections of Soil-Transmitted Helminth in Refugees from North Korea. 61
29996634 2018
47
[Investigation on intestinal nematode infections and their risk factors in Shanpo Sub-district, Jiangxia District, Wuhan City]. 61
30567034 2018
48
Polypyridylruthenium(II) complexes exert in vitro and in vivo nematocidal activity and show significant inhibition of parasite acetylcholinesterases. 61
29207309 2018
49
Trichuriasis. 61
29406051 2018
50
Prevalence of and risk factors for malaria, filariasis, and intestinal parasites as single infections or co-infections in different settlements of Gabon, Central Africa. 61
29378644 2018
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Variations for Trichuriasis

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Expression for Trichuriasis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Trichuriasis.
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Pathways for Trichuriasis

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Pathways related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 11)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 11.97 TNF IL9 IL13 IL10
2
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 65
11.73 TNF IL13 IL10
3
Insulin resistance 36
Show member pathways
 11.69 TNF PRKAG1 CREB5
4
Interleukin-10 signaling 65
11.23 TNF IL13 IL10
5
Th2 Differentiation Pathway 64
11.16 IL9 IL13 IL10
6
Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family 1
10.94 TNF IL9 IL13
7
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 64
10.83 TNF IL9 IL13 IL10
8
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response 1
10.79 TNF IL13 IL10
9
G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway 23
10.71 TNF IL9 IL13 IL10 CCL23
10
OX40 Pathway 63
10.55 IL9 IL13 IL10
11
IL-9 Signaling Pathways and their Primary Biological Effects in Different Immune Cell Types 64
10.51 IL9 IL13
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GO Terms for Trichuriasis

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Cellular components related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.23 VNN2 TNF SERPINA3 QPCT IL9 IL13

Biological processes related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of macrophage activation GO:0043032 9.4 IL13 IL10
2 positive regulation of immunoglobulin production GO:0002639 9.37 IL13 IL10
3 immune response GO:0006955 9.35 TNF IL9 IL13 IL10 CCL23
4 positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034116 9.32 TNF IL10
5 endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:0072577 9.26 TNF IL10
6 negative regulation of cytokine production involved in immune response GO:0002719 9.16 TNF IL10
7 inflammatory response GO:0006954 9.02 TNF SERPINA3 IL9 IL13 CCL23

Molecular functions related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.02 TNF IL9 IL13 IL10 CCL23
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Sources for Trichuriasis

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 05-Mar-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 TGDB
70 Tocris
71 UMLS
72 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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