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MCID: TRC012
MIFTS: 51

Trichuriasis

Categories: Gastrointestinal diseases, Infectious diseases, Rare diseases
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Trichuriasis

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Trichuriasis:

Name: Trichuriasis 12 53 3 44 15
Whipworm Infection 53 3
Infection by Trichuris Trichiura 73
Infection by Trichuris Trichura 12
Trichuris Trichiura Infection 12
Trichuriasis Infection 12
Trichocephaliasis 53
Whipworm Disease 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Infectious diseases
Anatomical: Gastrointestinal diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 33


External Ids:

Disease Ontology 12 DOID:1252
ICD10 33 B79
ICD9CM 35 127.3
MeSH 44 D014257
NCIt 50 C128399
SNOMED-CT 68 3752003 60570001
UMLS 73 C0040954
Sources

Summaries for Trichuriasis

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Disease Ontology : 12 A parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease that involves parasitic infection located in intestine in humans, has material basis in Trichuris trichiura, which is transmitted by ingestion of food contaminated with egg-carrying soil. The infection has symptom abdominal pain, has symptom diarrhea, has symptom rectal prolapse and has symptom growth retardation.

MalaCards based summary : Trichuriasis, also known as whipworm infection, is related to enterobiasis and colitis, and has symptoms including abdominal pain, diarrhea and rectal prolapse. An important gene associated with Trichuriasis is IL9 (Interleukin 9), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Innate Immune System and TGF-Beta Pathway. The drugs Albendazole and Mebendazole have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include lung, skin and bone.

CDC : 3 An estimated 604-795 million people in the world are infected with whipworm. Whipworm, hookworm, and Ascaris are known as soil-transmitted helminths (parasitic worms). Together, they account for a major burden of disease worldwide.

Wikipedia : 76 Trichuriasis, also known as whipworm infection, is an infection by the parasitic worm Trichuris... more...

Sources

Related Diseases for Trichuriasis

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Diseases related to Trichuriasis via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 236)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 enterobiasis 30.4 IL13 IL9
2 colitis 30.0 CXCL8 IL10 TNF
3 necatoriasis 30.0 CXCL8 IL10
4 tungiasis 29.8 CXCL8 IL10 TNF
5 schistosomiasis 29.7 IL10 IL13 RNASE3 TNF
6 parasitic helminthiasis infectious disease 29.5 IL10 IL13 RNASE3 STH TNF
7 gastroenteritis 29.5 CXCL8 IL10 RNASE3 TNF
8 malaria 29.4 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
9 cytokine deficiency 10.2 IL13 IL9
10 ancylostomiasis 10.2
11 myelitis 10.2 IL9 TNF
12 angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy with dysproteinemia 10.2 IL13 TNF
13 actinic prurigo 10.2 IL13 TNF
14 melioidosis 10.2 IL10 TNF
15 autoimmune uveitis 10.2 IL10 TNF
16 primary progressive multiple sclerosis 10.2 IL10 TNF
17 rheumatic heart disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
18 lepromatous leprosy 10.2 IL10 TNF
19 spondyloarthropathy 10.2 IL10 TNF
20 onchocerciasis 10.2 IL13 RNASE3
21 hepatitis a 10.2 IL10 TNF
22 paracoccidioidomycosis 10.2 IL10 TNF
23 keratoconjunctivitis sicca 10.2 IL10 TNF
24 echinococcosis 10.2 IL10 TNF
25 rheumatic fever 10.2 IL10 TNF
26 opportunistic mycosis 10.2 IL10 TNF
27 testicular disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
28 parasitic protozoa infectious disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
29 mixed connective tissue disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
30 extrinsic cardiomyopathy 10.2 IL10 TNF
31 uveal disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
32 human immunodeficiency virus infectious disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
33 reactive arthritis 10.2 IL10 TNF
34 lymph node disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
35 acute graft versus host disease 10.2 IL10 TNF
36 idiopathic neutropenia 10.2 IL10 TNF
37 nickel allergic contact dermatitis 10.2 IL10 IL13
38 penicillin allergy 10.2 IL10 IL13
39 apple allergy 10.2 IL10 IL13
40 beta-lactam allergy 10.2 IL10 IL13
41 hemorrhagic fever 10.2 IL10 TNF
42 punctate inner choroidopathy 10.2 IL10 TNF
43 eosinophilic meningitis 10.2 IL10 IL13
44 tropical endomyocardial fibrosis 10.2 IL10 TNF
45 endomyocardial fibrosis 10.2 IL10 TNF
46 microscopic polyangiitis 10.2 IL10 TNF
47 multifocal choroiditis 10.2 IL10 TNF
48 choroiditis 10.2 IL10 TNF
49 transient hypogammaglobulinemia 10.2 IL10 TNF
50 peanut allergy 10.2 IL10 IL13

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Trichuriasis:



Diseases related to Trichuriasis
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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Trichuriasis

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Symptoms:

12
  • • abdominal pain
  • • diarrhea
  • • rectal prolapse
  • • growth retardation
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Trichuriasis

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Drugs for Trichuriasis (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 29)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Albendazole Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable 54965-21-8 2082
2
Mebendazole Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3,Not Applicable 31431-39-7 4030
3
Pyrantel Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4 15686-83-6
4
Piperazine Approved, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 110-85-0 4837
5
Citric Acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 4,Phase 3 77-92-9 311
6 Anthelmintics Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
7 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents Phase 4
8 Peripheral Nervous System Agents Phase 4
9 Citrate Phase 4,Phase 3
10 Antiparasitic Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
11 Antiprotozoal Agents Phase 4,Phase 2,Phase 3,Not Applicable
12 Pyrantel Pamoate Phase 4
13 Antimitotic Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
14 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 4,Phase 3,Phase 2,Not Applicable
15 Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents Phase 4
16 Neuromuscular Agents Phase 4
17 Piperazine citrate Phase 4,Phase 3
18 Oxantel Phase 4
19 Immunologic Factors Phase 4,Phase 2
20 Adjuvants, Immunologic Phase 4
21 Antirheumatic Agents Phase 4
22
Ivermectin Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2, Phase 3,Not Applicable 70288-86-7 6474909
23
Oxfendazole Investigational, Vet_approved Phase 2 53716-50-0 40854
24 Milbemycin Phase 2
25 Vaccines Phase 2
26 Cayenne Phase 2
27 Pharmaceutical Solutions Phase 2
28 Anti-Inflammatory Agents Phase 2
29
Praziquantel Approved, Investigational, Vet_approved Not Applicable 55268-74-1 4891

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 18)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 The Efficacy of Five Anthelmintic Regimes Against Trichuris Trichiura Infections in Schoolchildren in Jimma, Ethiopia Completed NCT01327469 Phase 4 Albendazole, 2 x 400mg;Albendazole 400mg;Mebendazole 500mg;Mebendazole 2 x 500mg;Pyrantel-oxantel + mebendazole
2 Efficacy Albendazole and Levamisole Against STH on Unguja Completed NCT00659997 Phase 4 Albendazole;Levamisole
3 A Safety Study of Mebendazole in Children 2 to 10 Years of Age Completed NCT01173562 Phase 3 Mebendazole
4 Efficacy and Safety of IVM/ALB Co-administration Not yet recruiting NCT03527732 Phase 2, Phase 3 Albendazole;Albendazole and Ivermectin
5 Efficacy and Safety of Ascending Dosages of Moxidectin and Moxidectin-albendazole Against Trichuris Trichiura Completed NCT03501251 Phase 2 Moxidectin 8mg;Moxidectin 8 mg + albendazole 400 mg;Moxidectin 16 mg;Moxidectin 16 mg + albendazole 400 mg;Moxidectin 24 mg;Moxidectin 24 mg + albendazole 400 mg
6 Inoculating Celiac Disease Patients With the Human Hookworm Necator Americanus: Evaluating Immunity and Gluten-sensitivity Completed NCT00671138 Phase 2
7 Trichuris Suis Ova (TSO) Suspension Versus Placebo in Active Crohn's Disease Completed NCT01279577 Phase 2 Low dose TSO;Medium dose TSO;High dose TSO;Placebo
8 Albendazole Dose Finding and Pharmacokinetics in Children and Adults Recruiting NCT03527745 Phase 2 Albendazole;Albendazole;Albendazole;Albendazole;Placebo
9 Probiotic Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis With Trichuris Suis Ova (TSO) Recruiting NCT03565939 Phase 2
10 Efficacy of Oxfendazole in the Treatment of Trichuris Trichiura Infection in Adults Not yet recruiting NCT03435718 Phase 2 Oxfendazole;Albendazole
11 Study of the Efficacy of Oxfendazole Compared to Albendazole in the Treatment of Trichuris Trichiura Infection in Adults Not yet recruiting NCT02636803 Phase 2 oxfendazole;albendazole
12 TSO in Pediatric Autistic Spectrum Disorders Terminated NCT01734941 Phase 2 TSO;Placebo
13 The Sero-Prevalence and Genetic Study for the Infectious Diseases and Metabolic Syndrome in Solomon Islands Completed NCT01080989 Not Applicable
14 Effectiveness of Combined Albendazole and Ivermectin Treatment for Intestinal Worm Infections Completed NCT00207753 Not Applicable albendazole vs. combined albendazole/ivermectin treatment
15 Empiric Therapy of Helminth Co-infection to Reduce HIV-1 Disease Progression Completed NCT00507221 Not Applicable Albendazole;Praziquantel;Current standard of care in Kenya
16 Immune Modulation From Trichuris Suis Completed NCT03079700
17 Immune Modulation From Trichuris Trichiura Completed NCT02399683
18 Parasitic Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract Terminated NCT00001162

Search NIH Clinical Center for Trichuriasis

Inferred drug relations via UMLS 73 / NDF-RT 51 :


Cochrane evidence based reviews: trichuriasis

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Genetic Tests for Trichuriasis

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Anatomical Context for Trichuriasis

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MalaCards organs/tissues related to Trichuriasis:

41
Lung, Skin, Bone, Heart, Lymph Node, Eye, Prostate

The Foundational Model of Anatomy Ontology organs/tissues related to Trichuriasis:

19
Intestine In Humans
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Publications for Trichuriasis

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Articles related to Trichuriasis:

(show top 50) (show all 115)
# Title Authors Year
1
Trichuriasis. ( 29406051 )
2018
2
Clinical correlates of trichuriasis diagnosed at colonoscopy. ( 29058208 )
2017
3
A First Case of Human Trichuriasis from a Roman Lead Coffin in France. ( 27853119 )
2016
4
Variability of whipworm infection and humoral immune response in a wild population of mole voles (Ellobius talpinus Pall.). ( 27079461 )
2016
5
Current status of human hookworm infections, ascariasis, trichuriasis, schistosomiasis mekongi and other trematodiases in Lao People's Democratic Republic. ( 24515942 )
2014
6
Taphonomic considerations of a whipworm infection in a mummy from the Dominican Church of the Holy Spirit, Vilnius, Lithuania. ( 29539496 )
2014
7
Trichuriasis diagnosed by colonoscopy: case report and review of the literature spanning 22 years in mainland China. ( 23523058 )
2013
8
Growth reduction among primary schoolchildren with light trichuriasis in Malaysia treated with albendazole. ( 23682433 )
2013
9
Household social determinants of ascariasis and trichuriasis in North Central Venezuela. ( 24029148 )
2012
10
Utilizing environmental, socioeconomic data and GIS techniques to estimate the risk for ascariasis and trichuriasis in Minas Gerais, Brazil. ( 22041638 )
2012
11
Trichuriasis and low-iron status in schoolchildren from Northwest Mexico. ( 20700138 )
2010
12
Colonic transcriptional profiling in resistance and susceptibility to trichuriasis: phenotyping a chronic colitis and lessons for iatrogenic helminthosis. ( 20687192 )
2010
13
Trichuriasis colitis detected by Doppler sonography. ( 20571789 )
2010
14
Sonographic whipworm dance in trichuriasis. ( 19321687 )
2009
15
Massive lower gastrointestinal bleeding attributable to heavy whipworm infection and Salmonella typhi co-infection: a case report. ( 19918413 )
2009
16
Whipworm infection resulting in eosinophilic colitis with occult intestinal bleeding. ( 17141232 )
2007
17
Computed tomographic findings of trichuriasis. ( 16830393 )
2006
18
Soil-transmitted helminth infections: ascariasis, trichuriasis, and hookworm. ( 16679166 )
2006
19
Colonoscopic diagnosis of whipworm infection. ( 15946155 )
2005
20
Immunity, immunoregulation and the ecology of trichuriasis and ascariasis. ( 15771679 )
2004
21
Comparative efficacy of albendazole and three brands of mebendazole in the treatment of ascariasis and trichuriasis. ( 15293971 )
2004
22
Prolonged treatment with albendazole for massive trichuriasis infection. ( 15545874 )
2004
23
A case of gastroenteritis associated with gastric trichuriasis. ( 12808334 )
2003
24
Age- and infection intensity-dependent cytokine and antibody production in human trichuriasis: the importance of IgE. ( 11865424 )
2002
25
Comparative clinical studies of nitazoxanide, albendazole and praziquantel in the treatment of ascariasis, trichuriasis and hymenolepiasis in children from Peru. ( 12055813 )
2002
26
A comparison of cellular and humoral immune responses to trichuroid derived antigens in human trichuriasis. ( 11874563 )
2002
27
Trichuriasis: localized inflammatory responses in the colon. ( 12236416 )
2002
28
Epidemiology of human geohelminth infections (ascariasis, trichuriasis and necatoriasis) in Lushui and Puer Counties, Yunnan Province, China. ( 11288999 )
2000
29
Efficacy of multiple dose mebendazole against trichuriasis in Thai and Karen patients. ( 11289001 )
2000
30
Diagnosis and removal of cecal whipworm infection: case report and review. ( 11007117 )
2000
31
Use of fenbendazole in treating trichuriasis in colobus monkeys. ( 23985619 )
1999
32
Randomised trial of albendazole and pyrantel in symptomless trichuriasis in children. ( 9798586 )
1998
33
Ascariasis, trichuriasis, and growth of schoolchildren in Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. ( 10772554 )
1998
34
Colonoscopic diagnosis of whipworm infection. ( 9951873 )
1998
35
Trichuriasis associated to severe transient Coomb's-negative hemolytic anemia and macroscopic hematuria. ( 11995911 )
1995
36
Case in point. Trichuriasis. ( 7852465 )
1995
37
Transmission of trichuriasis in a sexual setting? ( 7849126 )
1994
38
Serum isotype responses after treatment of human trichuriasis. ( 7974688 )
1994
39
Basal and ACTH-stimulated plasma aldosterone concentrations are normal or increased in dogs with trichuriasis-associated pseudohypoadrenocorticism. ( 7983625 )
1994
40
Does ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infection predispose to non-specific abdominal symptoms among adults in endemic areas? ( 8009635 )
1994
41
School performance, nutritional status and trichuriasis in Jamaican schoolchildren. ( 7531045 )
1994
42
Immunoepidemiology of intestinal helminth infections. 4. Immunopathology in trichuriasis: lessons from the mouse model. ( 7974660 )
1994
43
Do ascariasis, trichuriasis and hookworm infections predispose to non-specific abdominal symptoms among adults in endemic areas? ( 8273160 )
1993
44
A comparative study on the efficacy of albendazole and mebendazole in the treatment of ascariasis, hookworm infection and trichuriasis. ( 7939948 )
1993
45
Colonoscopic diagnosis of whipworm infection. ( 8495857 )
1993
46
Modulation of cytokine production and response phenotypes in murine trichuriasis. ( 1437236 )
1992
47
Cognitive function and whipworm infection. ( 15463551 )
1992
48
Ascariasis and trichuriasis in Cameroon. ( 2068772 )
1991
49
Helper T-cell subsets in mouse trichuriasis. ( 15463401 )
1991
50
Trichuris and trichuriasis in humans. ( 2683614 )
1989
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Variations for Trichuriasis

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Expression for Trichuriasis

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Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Trichuriasis.
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Pathways for Trichuriasis

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Pathways related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 30)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
Innate Immune System 66
Show member pathways
 13.73 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 PI3 RNASE3
2
TGF-Beta Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.28 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
3
Akt Signaling 64
Show member pathways
 13.16 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
4
Cytokine Signaling in Immune system 66
Show member pathways
 13.11 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
5
PAK Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 13.05 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
6
Allograft rejection 1 37
Show member pathways
 12.37 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 RNASE3 TNF
7
T cell receptor signaling pathway 37
Show member pathways
 12.22 IL10 IL9 TNF
8
JAK-STAT signaling pathway (KEGG) 37
Show member pathways
 12.19 IL10 IL13 IL9
9
IL-17 Family Signaling Pathways 65
Show member pathways
 12.13 CXCL8 IL13 TNF
10
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Susceptibility Pathways 1
11.99 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 TNF
11
Immune response IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 11.93 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
12
Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway 22
Show member pathways
 11.88 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9
13
Amoebiasis 37
11.73 CXCL8 IL10 TNF
14
Interleukin-4 and 13 signaling 66
11.73 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 TNF
15
Pertussis 37
11.61 CXCL8 IL10 TNF
16
Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization 65
11.57 IL10 IL13 TNF
17
Lung fibrosis 1
11.51 CXCL8 IL13 TNF
18
Innate Lymphoid Cell Differentiation Pathways 65
11.46 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
19
Malaria 37
11.39 CXCL8 IL10 TNF
20
Th2 Differentiation Pathway 65
11.35 IL10 IL13 IL9
21
African trypanosomiasis 37
11.18 IL10 TNF
22
IL-10 Pathway 64
11.17 IL10 TNF
23
Development and heterogeneity of the ILC family 1
11.14 IL13 IL9 TNF
24
Cytokines and Inflammatory Response 1
11.07 IL10 IL13 TNF
25
EBV LMP1 signaling 1
11 CXCL8 TNF
26
OX40 Pathway 64
11 IL10 IL13 IL9
27
Overview of nanoparticle effects 1
10.88 CXCL8 TNF
28
G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway 22
10.8 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
29
Interleukin-10 signaling 66
10.61 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 TNF
30
G-protein signaling_RhoB regulation pathway 22
10.58 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
Sources

GO Terms for Trichuriasis

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Cellular components related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 extracellular space GO:0005615 9.43 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 RNASE3 TNF
2 extracellular region GO:0005576 9.17 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 PI3 RNASE3

Biological processes related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 22)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 defense response to bacterium GO:0042742 9.76 IL10 RNASE3 TNF
2 cellular response to lipopolysaccharide GO:0071222 9.7 CXCL8 IL10 TNF
3 cytokine-mediated signaling pathway GO:0019221 9.62 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 TNF
4 positive regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation GO:1904707 9.61 IL10 TNF
5 negative regulation of endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:2000352 9.6 IL10 IL13
6 negative regulation of mitotic cell cycle GO:0045930 9.59 IL10 TNF
7 negative regulation of interleukin-6 production GO:0032715 9.58 IL10 TNF
8 positive regulation of cytokine secretion GO:0050715 9.57 IL10 TNF
9 regulation of synapse organization GO:0050807 9.56 IL10 TNF
10 leukocyte chemotaxis GO:0030595 9.55 CXCL8 IL10
11 immune response GO:0006955 9.55 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
12 microglial cell activation GO:0001774 9.54 IL13 TNF
13 embryonic digestive tract development GO:0048566 9.51 CXCL8 TNF
14 positive regulation of macrophage activation GO:0043032 9.49 IL10 IL13
15 negative regulation of growth of symbiont in host GO:0044130 9.48 IL10 TNF
16 positive regulation of heterotypic cell-cell adhesion GO:0034116 9.46 IL10 TNF
17 response to molecule of bacterial origin GO:0002237 9.43 CXCL8 IL10
18 endothelial cell apoptotic process GO:0072577 9.4 IL10 TNF
19 negative regulation of cytokine secretion involved in immune response GO:0002740 9.37 IL10 TNF
20 regulation of signaling receptor activity GO:0010469 9.35 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
21 receptor biosynthetic process GO:0032800 9.26 IL10 TNF
22 inflammatory response GO:0006954 9.02 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF

Molecular functions related to Trichuriasis according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 cytokine activity GO:0005125 9.02 CXCL8 IL10 IL13 IL9 TNF
2 cytokine receptor binding GO:0005126 8.96 IL13 IL9
Sources

Sources for Trichuriasis

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3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 ExPASy
19 FMA
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HGMD
31 HMDB
32 HPO
33 ICD10
34 ICD10 via Orphanet
35 ICD9CM
36 IUPHAR
37 KEGG
38 LifeMap
40 LOVD
42 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
54 NINDS
55 Novoseek
57 OMIM
58 OMIM via Orphanet
62 PubMed
64 QIAGEN
69 SNOMED-CT via HPO
70 SNOMED-CT via Orphanet
71 TGDB
72 Tocris
73 UMLS
74 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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