Van Buchem Disease (VBCH)

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MedlinePlus Genetics: ⁴² SOST-related sclerosing bone dysplasia is a disorder of bone development characterized by excessive bone formation (hyperostosis). As a result of hyperostosis, bones throughout the body are denser and wider than normal, particularly the bones of the skull. Affected individuals typically have an enlarged jaw with misaligned teeth. People with this condition may also have a sunken appearance of the middle of the face (midface hypoplasia), bulging eyes with shallow eye sockets (ocular proptosis), and a prominent forehead. People with this condition often experience headaches because increased thickness of the skull bones increases pressure on the brain. The excessive bone formation seen in this condition seems to occur throughout a person's life, so the skeletal features become more pronounced over time. However, the excessive bone growth may only occur in certain areas.Abnormal bone growth can pinch (compress) the cranial nerves, which emerge from the brain and extend to various areas of the head and neck. Compression of the cranial nerves can lead to paralyzed facial muscles (facial nerve palsy), hearing loss, vision loss, and a sense of smell that is diminished (hyposmia) or completely absent (anosmia). Abnormal bone growth can cause life-threatening complications if it compresses the part of the brain that is connected to the spinal cord (the brainstem).There are two forms of SOST-related sclerosing bone dysplasia: sclerosteosis and van Buchem disease. The two forms are distinguished by the severity of their symptoms.Sclerosteosis is the more severe form of the disorder. People with sclerosteosis are often tall and have webbed or fused fingers (syndactyly), most often involving the second and third fingers. The syndactyly is present from birth, while the skeletal features typically appear in early childhood. People with sclerosteosis may also have absent or malformed nails.Van Buchem disease represents the milder form of the disorder. People with van Buchem disease are typically of average height and do not have syndactyly or nail abnormalities. Affected individuals tend to have less severe cranial nerve compression, resulting in milder neurological features. In people with van Buchem disease, the skeletal features typically appear in childhood or adolescence.

MalaCards based summary: Van Buchem Disease, also known as hyperostosis corticalis generalisata, is related to sclerosteosis 1 and sclerosteosis 2, and has symptoms including constipation, vomiting and seizures. An important gene associated with Van Buchem Disease is SOST (Sclerostin), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Signal Transduction and Signaling by WNT. The drugs Benzocaine and Tannic acid have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include skull, bone and spinal cord, and related phenotypes are mandibular prognathia and abnormal cortical bone morphology

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: ⁷³ VBCH is an autosomal recessive sclerosing bone dysplasia characterized by endosteal hyperostosis of the mandible, skull, ribs, clavicles, and diaphyses of the long bones. Affected patients present a symmetrically increased thickness of bones, most frequently found as an enlarged jawbone, but also an enlargement of the skull, ribs, diaphysis of long bones, as well as tubular bones of hands and feet. The clinical consequence of increased thickness of the skull include facial nerve palsy causing hearing loss, visual problems, neurological pain, and, very rarely, blindness as a consequence of optic atrophy. Serum alkaline phosphatase levels are elevated.

OMIM®: ⁵⁷ Van Buchem disease is an autosomal recessive bone dysplasia characterized by a symmetrically increased thickness of bones, most frequently found as an enlarged jawbone, but also an enlargement of the skull, ribs, diaphysis of long bones, as well as tubular bones of hands and feet, resulting in increased cortical bone density. The clinical consequences of increased thickness of the skull include facial nerve palsy causing hearing loss, visual problems, neurologic pain, and very rarely, blindness resulting from optic atrophy. Bone anomalies appear in the first decade of life and progress with age (summary by Wergedal et al., 2003). (239100) (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

GARD: ¹⁹ Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata, also known as van Buchem disease, is a rare craniotubular hyperostosis characterized by hyperostosis of the skull, mandible, clavicles, ribs and diaphyses of the long bones, as well as the tubular bones of the hands and feet. Clinical manifestations include increased skull thickness with cranial nerve entrapment causing inconsistent cranial nerve palsies.

Orphanet: ⁵⁸ Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata, also known as van Buchem disease, is a rare craniotubular hyperostosis characterized by hyperostosis of the skull, mandible, clavicles, ribs and diaphyses of the long bones, as well as the tubular bones of the hands and feet. Clinical manifestations include increased skull thickness with cranial nerve entrapment causing inconsistent cranial nerve palsies.

Disease Ontology: ¹¹ A hyperostosis that has material basis in a mutation in the SOST gene which results in overgrowth of endosteal bone producing dense and wide bones throughout the body especially located in skull.

Wikipedia ⁷⁵ Van buchem disease: Van Buchem disease, or hyperostosis corticalis generalisata, is an autosomal recessive skeletal disease... more...

Hyperostosis corticalis generalisata: Worth syndrome, also known as benign form of Worth hyperostosis corticalis generalisata with torus... more...

Clinical features from OMIM®:

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