Vesicoureteral Reflux disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MalaCards based summary: Vesicoureteral Reflux, also known as vesico-ureteral reflux, is related to papillorenal syndrome and familial vesicoureteral reflux, and has symptoms including dysuria and urgency of micturition. An important gene associated with Vesicoureteral Reflux is EBF3 (EBF Transcription Factor 3), and among its related pathways/superpathways are ACE Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics and Angiotensin II receptor type 1 pathway. The drugs Levoleucovorin and Trimethoprim have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include spinal cord, kidney and smooth muscle, and related phenotype is adipose tissue.

Wikipedia: ⁷⁵ Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), also known as vesicoureteric reflux, is a condition in which urine flows... more...

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Related Diseases for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Diseases in the Vesicoureteral Reflux family:

Vesicoureteral Reflux 1	Vesicoureteral Reflux 2
Vesicoureteral Reflux 3	Vesicoureteral Reflux 4
Vesicoureteral Reflux 5	Vesicoureteral Reflux 6
Vesicoureteral Reflux 7	Vesicoureteral Reflux 8
Familial Vesicoureteral Reflux

Diseases related to Vesicoureteral Reflux via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 299)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	papillorenal syndrome	33.3	UPK3A ROBO2 PAX2
2	familial vesicoureteral reflux	33.0	TNXB ROBO2
3	urinary tract infection	32.7	UPK3A UMOD EBF3
4	cakut	32.5	UPK3A UMOD TNXB ROBO2 PAX2 KAT6B
5	congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract 2	32.5	UPK3A UMOD ROBO2 PAX2 AGTR2
6	hydronephrosis	32.2	UPK3A PAX2 C12orf57 AGTR2
7	ureterocele	31.7	ROBO2 PAX2
8	chronic kidney disease	31.6	UMOD PAX2 AGTR1 AGT
9	urinary tract obstruction	31.6	UPK3A UMOD PAX2 AGTR1
10	end stage renal disease	31.5	TNXB ROBO2 PAX2
11	renal hypoplasia	31.4	ROBO2 PAX2 KAT6B
12	multicystic dysplastic kidney	31.4	PAX2 AGTR2 AGTR1 AGT
13	renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 1	31.2	UPK3A ROBO2 PAX2 AGTR2
14	renovascular hypertension	30.6	AGTR2 AGTR1 AGT
15	oligohydramnios	30.5	PAX2 AGTR1 AGT
16	acute cystitis	30.5	UPK3A UMOD
17	anuria	30.3	AGTR1 AGT
18	glass syndrome	30.2	NIPBL MED13L
19	vesicoureteral reflux 2	11.6
20	vesicoureteral reflux 3	11.6
21	vesicoureteral reflux 1	11.6
22	vesicoureteral reflux 8	11.6
23	urofacial syndrome 1	11.4
24	vesicoureteral reflux 4	11.4
25	vesicoureteral reflux 5	11.4
26	vesicoureteral reflux 6	11.4
27	vesicoureteral reflux 7	11.4
28	vesicoureteral reflux, x-linked	11.4
29	duane-radial ray syndrome	11.4
30	renal hypodysplasia/aplasia 3	11.3
31	bladder dysfunction, autonomic, with impaired pupillary reflex and secondary cakut	11.3
32	palmer pagon syndrome	11.3
33	acrorenal syndrome	11.1
34	ectrodactyly and ectodermal dysplasia without cleft lip/palate	11.1
35	ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia, and cleft lip/palate syndrome 1	11.1
36	hand-foot-genital syndrome	11.1
37	acrorenal syndrome, autosomal recessive	11.1
38	multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome 2	11.1
39	congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract 1	11.1
40	brain malformations with or without urinary tract defects	11.1
41	urofacial syndrome 2	11.1
42	megacystis-megaureter syndrome	11.1
43	pyelonephritis	11.1
44	neurogenic bladder	10.9
45	urinary tract infections, recurrent	10.9
46	ureteral obstruction	10.8
47	acute pyelonephritis	10.8
48	posterior urethral valves	10.8
49	bowel dysfunction	10.7
50	cystitis	10.7

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Vesicoureteral Reflux:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Vesicoureteral Reflux

UMLS symptoms related to Vesicoureteral Reflux:

dysuria; urgency of micturition

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Vesicoureteral Reflux:

⁴⁵

#	Description	MGI Source Accession	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	adipose tissue	MP:0005375	9.17	AFAP1L2 AGT AGTR1 AGTR2 KAT6B NIPBL

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Drugs for Vesicoureteral Reflux (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show all 36)

#

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

1

Levoleucovorin

Approved, Experimental, Investigational

Phase 4

68538-85-2, 58-05-9, 73951-54-9

149436 6006

Synonyms:

(5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl)glutamate

(6R)-Leucovorin

(6R,2'S)-Folinic acid

(6R,S)-5-Formyltetrahydrofolate

(6S)-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

(6S)-5-FORMYL-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID

(6S)-5-Formyltetrahydrofolate

(6S)-5-FORMYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID

(6S)-Folinate

(6S)-FOLINIC ACID

(6S)-LEUCOVORIN

(S)-LEUCOVORIN

[6R]-5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

10-Formyl-7,8-dihydrofolate

10-Formyl-7,8-dihydrofolic acid

5 Formyltetrahydrofolate

5 Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate

5-Formlyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate,calcium salt

5-Formyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolic acid

5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid

5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl-L-glutamic acid

5-Formyltetrahydrofolate

5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid

5-Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamate

5-Formyltetrahydropteroylglutamic acid

5-formylTHF

6 S Leucovorin

6R-Leucovorin

6S Leucovorin

6S-Leucovorin

6-S-Leucovorin

Acid, folinic

Acide folinique

Acido folinico

ácido levofolínico

Calcium citrovorum factor

Calcium folinate

Calcium leucovorin

CF

Citrovorum factor

Dextrofolinic acid

Factor, citrovorum

Folinate

Folinate, calcium

Folinic acid

Folinic acid calcium salt

Folinic acid calcium salt USP27

Folinic acid SF

Folinic acid-SF

FUSILEV

KHAPZORY

Kunyrin

L(-)-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

L(-)-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid

Leucal

Leucoverin

Leucovorin

Leucovorin calcium

Leucovorin folinic acid

Leucovorin, (D)-isomer

Leucovorin, (DL)-isomer

Leucovorin, (R)-isomer

Leucovorin, (S)-isomer

Leucovorin, calcium

Leucovorin, calcium (1:1) salt

Leucovorin, calcium (1:1) salt, (DL)-isomer

Leucovorin, calcium (1:1) salt, (S)-isomer

Leucovorin, calcium (1:1) salt, pentahydrate

Leucovorin, monopotassium salt, (S)-isomer

Leucovorin, monosodium salt

Leucovorin, monosodium salt, (S)-isomer

Leucovorinum

Leukovorin

Leukovorum

Levo leucovorin

LEVOFOLENE

Levofolinate

LEVOFOLINIC ACID

Levoleucovorin

Levo-leucovorin

L-Folinate

L-FOLINIC ACID

LFP-754

L-Leucovorin

L-N-[P-[[(2-amino-5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-pteridinyl)methyl]amino]benzoyl]-glutamic acid

Monosodium salt leucovorin

N(5)-Formyltetrahydrofolate

N-(5-formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropteroyl)-L-glutamic acid

N-[4-({[(6S)-2-amino-5-formyl-4-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl]methyl}amino)benzoyl]-L-glutamate

N-[4-({[(6S)-2-AMINO-5-FORMYL-4-OXO-1,4,5,6,7,8-HEXAHYDROPTERIDIN-6-YL]METHYL}AMINO)BENZOYL]-L-GLUTAMIC ACID

N-{[4-({[(6R)-2-amino-5-formyl-4-oxo-1,4,5,6,7,8-hexahydropteridin-6-yl]methyl}amino)phenyl]carbonyl}-L-glutamic acid

N5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate

N5-Formyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolic acid

N5-Formyltetrahydrofolate

N5-Formyltetrahydrofolic acid

N5-Formyl-THF

Pteroyl-D-glutamate

Rescuvolin

S Leucovorin

S-Leucovorin

Welcovorin

Wellcovorin

2

Trimethoprim

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

738-70-5

5578

3

Sulfamethoxazole

Approved

Phase 4

723-46-6

5329

4

Nitrofurantoin

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 4

67-20-9

5353830

5

Folic acid

Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved

Phase 4

59-30-3

6037

6

Folic Acid Antagonists

Phase 4

7

Folate

Phase 4

8

Anti-Bacterial Agents

Phase 4

9

Vitamin B9

Phase 4

10

Anti-Infective Agents

Phase 4

11

Antiprotozoal Agents

Phase 4

12

Antiparasitic Agents

Phase 4

13

Vitamin B Complex

Phase 4

14

Antimalarials

Phase 4

15

Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination

Phase 4

16

Antibiotics, Antitubercular

Phase 4

17

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors

Phase 4

18

Cefixime

Approved, Investigational

Phase 3

79350-37-1

5362065

19

Clavulanic acid

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 3

58001-44-8

5280980

20

Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination

Phase 3

21

beta-Lactamase Inhibitors

Phase 3

22

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Phase 1, Phase 2

23

Midazolam

Approved, Illicit

59467-70-8

4192

24

Adjuvants, Immunologic

25

Viscosupplements

26

Immunologic Factors

27

Protective Agents

28

Cephalosporins

29

Anesthetics

30

Anti-Anxiety Agents

31

Neurotransmitter Agents

32

Psychotropic Drugs

33

Anesthetics, Intravenous

34

Anesthetics, General

35

Hypnotics and Sedatives

36

GABA Modulators

Interventional clinical trials:

(show all 27)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	A Prospective Study Comparing the Success Rate of Injection of Dextranomer /Hyaluronic Acid (DefluxR) Versus Polyacrylate Polyalcohol (VantrisR) for Treatment of Bilateral Similar Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children	Unknown status	NCT02271035	Phase 4	Deflux;Vantris
2	Antibiotic Prophylaxis After Acute Pyelonephritis for Prevention of Urinary Tract Infections in Children With Vesico-Ureteral Reflux.	Completed	NCT00382343	Phase 4	Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim
3	Phase III Study of Chondrocyte Alginate Gel Suspension in Pediatric Patients With Vesicoureteral Reflux	Unknown status	NCT00004487	Phase 3	chondrocyte-alginate gel suspension
4	Evaluation of the Efficiency of Autologous Adipocytes Graft in Endoscopic Treatment in Vesico-Renal Reflux in Children	Unknown status	NCT00367159	Phase 3
5	Randomized Intervention for Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR)	Completed	NCT00405704	Phase 3	Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole;Placebo
6	Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Renal Damage In Congenital Abnormalities of the Kidney and Urinary Tract	Active, not recruiting	NCT02021006	Phase 3	nitrofurantoin;Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination;Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole;Cefixime
7	A Randomized Controlled Trial of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Children With Pyelonephritis in the Abscence of Vesicoureteral Reflux	Withdrawn	NCT00752375	Phase 3	Trimethoprim Sulfamethoxazole;placebo
8	Contrast Enhanced Voiding Urosonography (ceVUS) With the Intravesical Administration of the Ultrasound Contrast Agent OPTISON TM (Trademark) for Vesicoureteral Reflux Detection and Urethral Imaging in Children.	Completed	NCT02204917	Phase 1, Phase 2	OPTISON
9	Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound for Evaluation of Reflux Nephropathy	Completed	NCT02786810	Phase 2	Sulfur hexafluoride type-a lipid microspheres
10	Radiation-Free Technique for Evaluating Renal Scarring (RAFTERS)	Active, not recruiting	NCT03653702	Phase 1	Lumason
11	The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality (VR) to Reduce Pain and Anxiety During Genitourinary (GU) Scans	Unknown status	NCT04251988
12	Efficacy of Endoscopic Subureteral Injection for Vesicoureteral Reflux in Adults With Decreased Bladder Compliance	Completed	NCT00815334
13	Tissue Bulking Agent -Polyacrylate Polyalcohol Copolymer for Endoscopic Correction of Vesicoureteral Reflux in Children: A Comparative Study	Completed	NCT01926353
14	Comparison of Subureteral Endoscopic Injection of Dextranomer/Hyaluronic Acid and Lich-Gregoir Ureteral Reimplantation In the Treatment of Pediatric Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux: Prospective Randomized Study	Completed	NCT04798443
15	Determination of Voiding Patterns of Children With Vesicoureteral Reflux	Completed	NCT00186199
16	Prospective Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux Surgery Database	Completed	NCT01373385
17	The Long Term Follow-Up Results Of The Direct Nipple Ureteroneocystostomy Technique: A Prospective Study	Completed	NCT01780493
18	DVD-Based Training Program in Self-Hypnosis for Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT01483105
19	Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Children With Isolated Vesico-Ureteral Reflux. A Randomised Prospective Study of Continuous Low Dose of Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Versus Surveillance.	Completed	NCT00200616
20	Vesico-ureteral Reflux in a Contemporary Series of Spinal Cord Injury Patients With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction	Completed	NCT01297673
21	Study of Gut Microbiota Diversity in Children Aged 1-3 Years on Prolonged Antibiotic Prophylaxis for Grade 3 or Higher Vesicoureteral Reflux Compared With 2 Age-matched Control Groups	Active, not recruiting	NCT05319067
22	A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study Examining the Efficacy of Oral Midazolam in Reducing Anxiety in Children Undergoing Voiding Cystourethrogram	Terminated	NCT00894465		midazolam;placebo
23	Parent Education and Medical Play: A Comparison of Psychological Preparation Strategies for Voiding Cystourethrogram	Terminated	NCT01578291
24	A Randomized Trial of Endoscopic vs. Open Anti-Reflux Surgery For Treatment of Low-Grade Vesicoureteral Reflux: Surgical Treatment of Reflux: Endoscopic vs. Traditional CHoices (STRETCH) Study	Withdrawn	NCT00830479
25	Ultrasound Based Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI)Shear Wave Velocity Imaging (SVI)of the Kidneys in Pediatric Patients With Vesicoureteral Reflux	Withdrawn	NCT01781819
26	Bacterial and Host Genetic Risk Factors That Predispose Children to Acute Pyelonephritis and Renal Scarring	Withdrawn	NCT01137929
27	Clinical Applications of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Pediatric Population - Intravesicle Administration	Withdrawn	NCT02986477

Search NIH Clinical Center for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Cochrane evidence based reviews: vesico-ureteral reflux

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Genetic Tests for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Genetic tests related to Vesicoureteral Reflux:

#	Genetic test	Affiliating Genes
1	Vesicoureteral Reflux ²⁸

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Anatomical Context for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Organs/tissues related to Vesicoureteral Reflux:

MalaCards : Spinal Cord, Kidney, Smooth Muscle, Adipocyte, Neutrophil, Prostate, Testis

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Publications for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Articles related to Vesicoureteral Reflux:

(show top 50) (show all 6311)

#	Title	Authors	PMID	Year
1	A homozygous missense variant in VWA2, encoding an interactor of the Fraser-complex, in a patient with vesicoureteral reflux. ⁶² ⁵	van der Ven AT...Hildebrandt F	29351342	2018
2	Whole-genome sequencing of patients with rare diseases in a national health system. ⁵	Turro E...Ouwehand WH	32581362	2020
3	Screening of vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric patients with kidney transplantation showing non-specific interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy with interstitial Tamm-Horsfall protein deposits in protocol allograft biopsy. ⁵³ ⁶²	Akioka Y...Hattori M	19594587	2009
4	Uroplakin III is not a major candidate gene for primary vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Kelly H...Barton DE	15523493	2005
5	The diagnostic role of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity in the detection of renal tubular impairment. ⁵³ ⁶²	Skalova S	16259316	2005
6	Renin-angiotensin system polymorphisms in Taiwanese primary vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Liu KP...Lee-Chen GJ	15045574	2004
7	No pathogenic mutations in the uroplakin III gene of 25 patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Giltay JC...de Jong TP	14713856	2004
8	Optic nerve dysplasia and renal insufficiency in a family with a novel PAX2 mutation, Arg115X: further ophthalmologic delineation of the renal-coloboma syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Schimmenti LA...Sieving PA	14566649	2003
9	Angiotensin II type 2 receptor gene is not responsible for familial vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Yoneda A...Puri P	12187255	2002
10	Renal-coloboma syndrome: a multi-system developmental disorder caused by PAX2 mutations. ⁵³ ⁶²	Eccles MR...Schimmenti LA	10466411	1999
11	Homonucleotide expansion and contraction mutations of PAX2 and inclusion of Chiari 1 malformation as part of renal-coloboma syndrome. ⁵³ ⁶²	Schimmenti LA...Dobyns WB	10533062	1999
12	The prevalence of PAX2 mutations in patients with isolated colobomas or colobomas associated with urogenital anomalies. ⁵³ ⁶²	Cunliffe HE...Eccles MR	9783702	1998
13	[Renal function in children with reflux nephropathy followed up more than 10 years after disappearance of vesicoureteral reflux: usefulness of alpha 1-microglobulin as a marker to predict the prognosis of these children]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Ota S...Orikasa S	8969545	1996
14	Mutation of the PAX2 gene in a family with optic nerve colobomas, renal anomalies and vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sanyanusin P...Eccles MR	7795640	1995
15	Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase as a screening technique for vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Williams MA...Noe HN	8154076	1994
16	[Studies on reflux nephropathy--renal tubular and glomerular damage evaluated by various urinary indices]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Sakai K...Abe Y	7681890	1993
17	Urinary levels of renal tubular enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase in relation to grade of vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Carr MC...Mandell J	1861320	1991
18	Urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein excretion in patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux. ⁵³ ⁶²	Uto I...Kambara T	1915538	1991
19	Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase and the selection of children for radiologic evaluation after urinary tract infection. ⁵³ ⁶²	Johnson CE...Hall PW	2371096	1990
20	[Study on urinary low molecular protein and enzyme in primary vesico-ureteral reflux patients]. ⁵³ ⁶²	Takeda M...Sato S	2193184	1990
21	Laparoscopic vs Open Extravesical Ureteral Reimplantation in Pediatric Population: A Single-Center Experience. ⁶²	Fernandez-Alcaraz D...Landa-Juarez S	36127884	2022
22	Evaluation of screening with urine dipsticks and renal ultrasonography for 3-year-olds in Chiba City over 30 years. ⁶²	Matsumura C...Yamaguchi J	36056980	2022
23	Importance of urodynamic evaluation of bladder function after secondary untethering in spina bifida patients: single center experience of 30 years. ⁶²	Ciesla L...Lingnau A	36454325	2022
24	Urological Impact of Epididymo-orchitis in Patients with Anorectal Malformation: An ARM-Net Consortium Study. ⁶²	Morandi A...Stenstrom P	35073590	2022
25	Multi-institutional Validation of Improved Vesicoureteral Reflux Assessment With Simple and Machine Learning Approaches. ⁶²	Khondker A...Lorenzo AJ	36215077	2022
26	Use of electronic health record best practice alerts to improve adherence to American Urological Association vesicoureteral reflux guidelines. ⁶²	Wengryn DM...Vemulakonda VM	36454296	2022
27	Contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography (CEVUS) as a safe alternate means of assessing vesicoureteral reflux in pediatric kidney transplant patients. ⁶²	Cheng JW...Cain MP	36345140	2022
28	Diagnostic Imaging for Pediatric Vesicoureteral Reflux. ⁶²	Ruffing ME	36344205	2022
29	Laparoscopic triple-ureteral ureteroureterostomy in a patient with ureteral triplication: A case report. ⁶²	Liu S...Xiucheng G	36343058	2022
30	Renal Cyst after Heminephrectomy in a Pediatric Patient: Complication or Normality? ⁶²	Panach-Navarrete J...Martinez-Jabaloyas JM	36472064	2022
31	Duplex renal collecting system presenting with hydroureteronephrosis following pelvic organ prolapse and sacrocolpopexy in an adult female. ⁶²	Shu TD...Ericson K	36033162	2022
32	Comparative study of open, laparoscopic and endoscopic treatments of intermediate grade vesicoureteral reflux in children. ⁶²	Tessier B...Kalfa N	36414870	2022
33	Diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic bladder secondary to aortic dissection: A 8-year retrospective study at a single center. ⁶²	Zhou Z...Liao L	36000463	2022
34	Intravesical Botulinum toxin-A injection in pediatric overactive neurogenic bladder with Detrusor overactivity: Radiologic and clinical outcomes. ⁶²	Sharifiaghdas F...Dadpour M	36404763	2022
35	Is technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid renal scintigraphy available for predicting vesicoureteral reflux in children with first febrile urinary tract infection under the age of 24 months? ⁶²	Yang W...Yao H	36164706	2022
36	An innovative diagnostic procedure in children: videourodynamics with contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography. ⁶²	Roic AC...Roic G	36417175	2022
37	The accuracy of cystography under general anesthesia in children with vesicoureteral reflux. ⁶²	Frumer M...Ben-Meir D	36423246	2022
38	A case of laparoscopic adhesiotomy for urodynia caused by bladder wall adhesion to the anterior abdominal wall after vesicoscopic ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux. ⁶²	Sasaki Y...Kanayama H	36160066	2022
39	Prevalence of intrarenal reflux in pediatric patients on contrast-enhanced voiding urosonography. ⁶²	Klein EL...Benya EC	36447052	2022
40	A comprehensive review on hydrogel materials in urology: Problems, methods, and new opportunities. ⁶²	Wierzbicka A...Bociaga D	36237176	2022
41	Robotic ureteral reimplantation and uretero-ureterostomy treating the ureterovesical junction pathologies in children: technical considerations and preliminary results. ⁶²	Mattioli G...Carlucci M	36287349	2022
42	Role of Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography in the Evaluation of Renal Transplant Reflux - Comparison with Voiding Cystourethrography and a New Classification. ⁶²	Drudi FM...Cantisani V	33434942	2022
43	Imaging for Vesicoureteral Reflux: Point-Contrast-Enhanced Voiding Urosonography Is a Sensitive and Radiation-Free Imaging Method That Improves Patient Comfort. ⁶²	Back SJ...Ntoulia A	35611919	2022
44	Response to Re: Vesicoureteral reflux treatment following kidney transplantation potentially prevents graft function deterioration and allows long-term graft survival. ⁶²	Hirose T...Shinohara N	36000802	2022
45	Imaging for Vesicoureteral Reflux: Counterpoint-Cost, Diagnostic Performance, and Preferences Need to Be Further Assessed Before Replacing VCUG With ceVUS. ⁶²	Ayyala RS...Trout AT	35611923	2022
46	Re: Vesicoureteral reflux treatment following kidney transplantation potentially prevents graft function deterioration and allows long-term graft survival. ⁶²	Donmez MI...Oktar T	35844179	2022
47	Circumcision reduces urinary tract infection in children with antenatal hydronephrosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. ⁶²	Wahyudi I...Rodjani A	36371332	2022
48	[Effect of topical glucocorticoid in treating phimosis on urinary tract infection of vesicoureteral reflux in infants]. ⁶²	Li N...Han WW	36229201	2022
49	Continence management in children with severe caudal regression syndrome: role of multidisciplinary team and long-term follow-up. ⁶²	Esposito G...Mosiello G	35943565	2022
50	Congenital malformations of the urinary tract: progression to chronic renal disease. ⁶²	Ibarra Rodriguez MR...Paredes Esteban RM	36217787	2022

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Genes for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Genes related to Vesicoureteral Reflux (7 elite genes):

(show top 50) (show all 72)

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence	PubMed IDs
1	EBF3	EBF Transcription Factor 3	Protein Coding	403.8	Pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	32581362
2	C12orf57	Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 57	Protein Coding	400	Pathogenic ⁵
3	MED13L	Mediator Complex Subunit 13L	Protein Coding	400	Pathogenic ⁵
4	VUR4	Vesicoureteral Reflux 4	Genetic Locus	58.36	MalaCards inferred ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Gene name (show sections)
5	VUR5	Vesicoureteral Reflux 5	Genetic Locus	58.36	MalaCards inferred ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Gene name (show sections)
6	VUR6	Vesicoureteral Reflux 6	Genetic Locus	58.36	MalaCards inferred ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Gene name (show sections)
7	VUR7	Vesicoureteral Reflux 7	Genetic Locus	58.36	MalaCards inferred ³⁹ GeneCards inferred via : Gene name (show sections)
8	ROBO2	Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2	Protein Coding	34.31	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications Summaries (show sections)
9	PAX2	Paired Box 2	Protein Coding	32.8	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)	7795640 10533062 10466411 (more) 14566649 9783702
10	NIPBL	NIPBL Cohesin Loading Factor	Protein Coding	29.39	Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
11	VWA2	Von Willebrand Factor A Domain Containing 2	Protein Coding	29.08	Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴	29351342
12	KAT6B	Lysine Acetyltransferase 6B	Protein Coding	27.96	Likely pathogenic ⁵ DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
13	AFAP1L2	Actin Filament Associated Protein 1 Like 2	Protein Coding	25	Likely pathogenic ⁵	29351342
14	UPK3A	Uroplakin 3A	Protein Coding	23.63	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	14713856 15523493
15	TNXB	Tenascin XB	Protein Coding	22.4	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
16	UMOD	Uromodulin	Protein Coding	18.3	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	19594587 1915538
17	AGTR2	Angiotensin II Receptor Type 2	Protein Coding	17.68	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	12187255
18	AGT	Angiotensinogen	Protein Coding	16.83	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15045574
19	PCDH11Y	Protocadherin 11 Y-Linked	Protein Coding	16.51	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders Publications (show sections)
20	AGTR1	Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1	Protein Coding	16.22	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	15045574
21	NAGLU	N-Acetyl-Alpha-Glucosaminidase	Protein Coding	14	Novoseek inferred ⁵³ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)	2371096 8154076 2193184 (more) 16259316 1861320 7681890
22	ACE	Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme	Protein Coding	13.99	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
23	ALB	Albumin	Protein Coding	13.01	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
24	SOX17	SRY-Box Transcription Factor 17	Protein Coding	12.53	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
25	B2M	Beta-2-Microglobulin	Protein Coding	12.49	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
26	GREB1L	GREB1 Like Retinoic Acid Receptor Coactivator	Protein Coding	11.51	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
27	AMBP	Alpha-1-Microglobulin/Bikunin Precursor	Protein Coding	8.96	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴ Novoseek inferred ⁵³	8969545 7681890
28	VUR	Vesicoureteral Reflux	Genetic Locus	8.36	GeneCards inferred via : Gene name (show sections)
29	CHRNA3	Cholinergic Receptor Nicotinic Alpha 3 Subunit	Protein Coding	7.66	GeneCards inferred via : Disorders (show sections)
30	UPK1A	Uroplakin 1A	Protein Coding	6.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
31	EYA1	EYA Transcriptional Coactivator And Phosphatase 1	Protein Coding	6.47	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
32	UPK2	Uroplakin 2	Protein Coding	6.36	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
33	SALL1	Spalt Like Transcription Factor 1	Protein Coding	6.28	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
34	DSTYK	Dual Serine/Threonine And Tyrosine Protein Kinase	Protein Coding	6.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
35	SIX2	SIX Homeobox 2	Protein Coding	6.21	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
36	UPK1B	Uroplakin 1B	Protein Coding	6.17	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
37	CRP	C-Reactive Protein	Protein Coding	6.12	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
38	SLIT2	Slit Guidance Ligand 2	Protein Coding	6.1	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
39	REN	Renin	Protein Coding	6.02	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
40	GDNF	Glial Cell Derived Neurotrophic Factor	Protein Coding	5.95	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
41	SLIT3	Slit Guidance Ligand 3	Protein Coding	5.93	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
42	UPK3B	Uroplakin 3B	Protein Coding	5.73	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
43	FREM2	FRAS1 Related Extracellular Matrix 2	Protein Coding	5.7	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
44	SIX5	SIX Homeobox 5	Protein Coding	5.62	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
45	OGA	O-GlcNAcase	Protein Coding	5.6	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
46	CST3	Cystatin C	Protein Coding	5.57	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
47	LCN2	Lipocalin 2	Protein Coding	5.55	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
48	FRAS1	Fraser Extracellular Matrix Complex Subunit 1	Protein Coding	5.52	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
49	BMP4	Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4	Protein Coding	5.46	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴
50	SIX1	SIX Homeobox 1	Protein Coding	5.44	DISEASES inferred ¹⁴

Sources

Variations for Vesicoureteral Reflux

ClinVar genetic disease variations for Vesicoureteral Reflux:

⁵ (show all 15)

#	Gene	Name	Type	Significance	ClinVarId	dbSNP ID	Position
1	EBF3	NM_001375380.1(EBF3):c.280_283del (p.Glu94fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	375502	rs1057519521	GRCh37: 10:131761639-131761642 GRCh38: 10:129963375-129963378
2	MED13L	NM_015335.5(MED13L):c.1971del (p.Asp657fs)	DEL	Pathogenic	523512	rs1555247805	GRCh37: 12:116446247-116446247 GRCh38: 12:116008442-116008442
3	C12orf57	NM_138425.4(C12orf57):c.53-2A>G	SNV	Pathogenic	242885	rs1114167293	GRCh37: 12:7053637-7053637 GRCh38: 12:6944474-6944474
4	NIPBL	NM_133433.4(NIPBL):c.1052C>T (p.Pro351Leu)	SNV	Likely Pathogenic	978555	rs1743394245	GRCh37: 5:36976061-36976061 GRCh38: 5:36975959-36975959
5	KAT6B	NM_012330.4(KAT6B):c.3399_3402del (p.Arg1133fs)	DEL	Likely Pathogenic	523499	rs1554844486	GRCh37: 10:76784742-76784745 GRCh38: 10:75024984-75024987
6	AFAP1L2, VWA2	NM_001272046.2(VWA2):c.1336C>T (p.Arg446Cys)	SNV	Likely Pathogenic	684663	rs148731211	GRCh37: 10:116046036-116046036 GRCh38: 10:114286277-114286277
7	ROBO2	NM_001395656.1(ROBO2):c.*2355T>A	SNV	Uncertain Significance	346749	rs766386654	GRCh37: 3:77697561-77697561 GRCh38: 3:77648410-77648410
8	ROBO2	NM_001395656.1(ROBO2):c.1984G>A (p.Val662Ile)	SNV	Uncertain Significance	346694	rs372550683	GRCh37: 3:77623650-77623650 GRCh38: 3:77574499-77574499
9	ROBO2	NM_001395656.1(ROBO2):c.*2570C>A	SNV	Uncertain Significance	346751	rs886058890	GRCh37: 3:77697776-77697776 GRCh38: 3:77648625-77648625
10	SOX17	NM_022454.4(SOX17):c.456G>C (p.Glu152Asp)	SNV	Likely Benign	523052	rs1554579184	GRCh37: 8:55371766-55371766 GRCh38: 8:54459206-54459206
11	ROBO2	NM_001395656.1(ROBO2):c.*3288del	DEL	Likely Benign	346765	rs566529890	GRCh37: 3:77698492-77698492 GRCh38: 3:77649341-77649341
12	ROBO2	NM_001395656.1(ROBO2):c.*3608dup	DUP	Likely Benign	346768	rs548297436	GRCh37: 3:77698807-77698808 GRCh38: 3:77649656-77649657
13	ROBO2	NM_001395656.1(ROBO2):c.*1619dup	DUP	Likely Benign	346738	rs530776423	GRCh37: 3:77696824-77696825 GRCh38: 3:77647673-77647674
14	ROBO2	NM_001395656.1(ROBO2):c.3566+13del	DEL	Benign	346707	rs78824327	GRCh37: 3:77666937-77666937 GRCh38: 3:77617786-77617786
15	ROBO2	NM_001128929.3(ROBO2):c.*3923C>T	SNV	Benign	369424	rs10865561	GRCh37: 3:77699129-77699129 GRCh38: 3:77649978-77649978

Sources

Expression for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Vesicoureteral Reflux.

Sources

Pathways for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Pathways related to Vesicoureteral Reflux according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	ACE Inhibitor Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Show member pathways ACE inhibitor pathway ⁷⁴ Agents Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System Pathway, Pharmacodynamics ⁶⁰ Conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin II ⁷⁴ Defective SERPING1 causes hereditary angioedema ⁶⁶ Downregulation of ACE2 by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein ⁷⁴ Kinin-Kallikrein pathway ⁷⁴ Non-classical role of vitamin D ⁷⁴ RAS and bradykinin pathways in COVID-19 ⁷⁴ Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) ⁷⁴ SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor: molecular mechanisms ⁷⁴	11.19	AGTR2 AGTR1 AGT
2	Angiotensin II receptor type 1 pathway ⁷⁴	10.6	AGTR1 AGT
3	GDNF/RET signaling axis ⁷⁴	10.03	ROBO2 PAX2 AGTR2

Sources

GO Terms for Vesicoureteral Reflux

Biological processes related to Vesicoureteral Reflux according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 16)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	kidney development	GO:0001822	10.04	UPK3A UMOD AGTR1 AGT
2	regulation of blood pressure	GO:0008217	10.03	UMOD AGTR2 AGT
3	positive regulation of CoA-transferase activity	GO:1905920	9.85	AGTR1 AGT
4	angiotensin-activated signaling pathway	GO:0038166	9.84	AGTR2 AGTR1
5	positive regulation of NAD(P)H oxidase activity	GO:0033864	9.83	AGTR1 AGT
6	regulation of renal sodium excretion	GO:0035813	9.78	AGT AGTR1
7	negative regulation of neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway	GO:0051387	9.76	AGT AGTR2
8	metanephric distal convoluted tubule development	GO:0072221	9.73	PAX2 UMOD
9	blood vessel diameter maintenance	GO:0097746	9.71	AGTR2 AGTR1 AGT
10	regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure by renin-angiotensin	GO:0003081	9.69	AGTR1 AGT
11	positive regulation of metanephric glomerulus development	GO:0072300	9.67	PAX2 AGTR2
12	maintenance of blood vessel diameter homeostasis by renin-angiotensin	GO:0002034	9.62	AGTR1 AGT
13	renin-angiotensin regulation of aldosterone production	GO:0002018	9.56	AGTR1 AGT
14	regulation of metanephros size	GO:0035566	9.46	PAX2 AGTR2
15	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway coupled to cGMP nucleotide second messenger	GO:0007199	9.26	AGTR2 AGT
16	positive regulation of branching involved in ureteric bud morphogenesis	GO:0090190	9.1	PAX2 AGTR2 AGT

Molecular functions related to Vesicoureteral Reflux according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	angiotensin type II receptor activity	GO:0004945	8.92	AGTR2 AGTR1

Sources

Sources for Vesicoureteral Reflux

¹ BitterDB

² CDC

³ Cell Signaling Technology

⁴ ClinicalTrials

⁵ ClinVar

⁶ CNVD

⁷ Cochrane Library

⁸ Cosmic

⁹ dbSNP

¹⁰ DGIdb

¹¹ Disease Ontology

¹² diseasecard

¹³ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁴ DISEASES

¹⁵ DrugBank

¹⁶ EFO

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FMA

¹⁹ GARD

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ GenomeRNAi

²⁶ GEO DataSets

²⁷ GO

²⁸ GTR

²⁹ HMDB

³⁰ HPO

³¹ ICD10

³² ICD10 via Orphanet

³³ ICD11

³⁴ ICD9CM

³⁵ IUPHAR

³⁶ LifeMap

³⁷ LncRNADisease

³⁸ LOVD

³⁹ MalaCards

⁴⁰ MedGen

⁴¹ MedlinePlus

⁴² MedlinePlus Genetics

⁴³ MeSH

⁴⁴ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁵ MGI

⁴⁶ miR2Disease

⁴⁷ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁸ NCI

⁴⁹ NCIt

⁵⁰ NDF-RT

⁵¹ NIH Clinical Center

⁵² NINDS

⁵³ Novoseek

⁵⁴ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁵ ODiseA

⁵⁶ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁷ OMIM® (Updated 08-Dec-2022)

⁵⁸ Orphanet

⁵⁹ PathCards

⁶⁰ PharmGKB

⁶¹ PubChem

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ Tocris

⁷¹ UMLS

⁷² UMLS via Orphanet

⁷³ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁴ WikiPathways

⁷⁵ Wikipedia

MCID: VSC005 MIFTS: 50	Vesicoureteral Reflux Categories: Fetal diseases, Genetic diseases, Nephrological diseases, Rare diseases	Data Licensing For inquiries, contact: [email protected]
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