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MCID: VLV032
MIFTS: 60

Vulva Cancer

Categories: Cancer diseases, Rare diseases, Reproductive diseases, Skin diseases
Genes Variations Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Symptoms & Phenotypes Drugs
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Aliases & Classifications for Vulva Cancer

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MalaCards integrated aliases for Vulva Cancer:

Name: Vulva Cancer 12 15
Malignant Neoplasm of Vulva 12 70 32
Carcinoma of Vulva 12 58 70
Vulvar Carcinoma 12 58 17
Vulva Carcinoma 12 54 15
Vulvar Cancer 20 36 42
Vulvar Neoplasms 44 70
Malignant Tumor of Vulva 12
Malignant Vulvar Tumor 12
Neoplasm of Vulva 12
Vulval Neoplasm 12
Vulvar Neoplasm 12
Vulval Cancer 12
Vulvar Tumor 12
Ca Vulva 12

Classifications:

MalaCards categories:
Global: Rare diseases Cancer diseases
Anatomical: Reproductive diseases Skin diseases
See all MalaCards categories (disease lists)
ICD10: 32
Orphanet: 58  
Rare gynaecological and obstetric diseases


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Disease Ontology 12 DOID:1245 DOID:1294
KEGG 36 H00029
ICD9CM 34 184.4
MeSH 44 D014846
SNOMED-CT 67 126922007 94143002
ICD10 32 C51 C51.9
Orphanet 58 ORPHA494418
UMLS 70 C0042995 C0375071 C0677055
Sources

Summaries for Vulva Cancer

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KEGG : 36 Vulvar cancer is a relatively uncommon malignancy, occurring at a rate of 2.2 per 100,000 women per year. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common type of vulvar cancer and is observed in 80% to 90% of cases. There are at least two quite different types of SCC of the vulva. The less common, accounting for about one-third of cases, occurs in relatively young women, is usually preceded by the undifferentiated form of vulvar squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) and is associated with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection; the more frequent form develops in elderly patients, is not commonly associated with undifferentiated VIN but is frequently associated with differentiated VIN, lichen sclerosus or squamous hyperplasia, and is generally not linked to HPV infection. Relatively little is known about molecular changes in the genesis of vulvar cancer. Some studies suggest that early p53 mutation may be a defining step only in HPV-negative tumors. A rather small study suggests that mutation in phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) is an early change in a substantial subset of vulvar carcinomas.

MalaCards based summary : Vulva Cancer, also known as malignant neoplasm of vulva, is related to bartholin's gland carcinoma and human papillomavirus infectious disease, and has symptoms including pelvic pain and pruritus vulvae. An important gene associated with Vulva Cancer is EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor), and among its related pathways/superpathways are PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Pathways in cancer. The drugs Octreotide and Cisplatin have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include breast, lymph node and skin, and related phenotypes are digestive/alimentary and neoplasm

Disease Ontology : 12 A vulva cancer that has material basis in abnormally proliferating cells derives from epithelial cells.

GARD : 20 Vulvar cancer is the abnormal growth of cells of the vulva, which is part of the female reproductive system and includes the vaginal lips, clitoris, and part of the vagina. Symptoms of vulvar cancer may consist of a lump ( mass ), itching, or unusual bleeding. Though the exact cause of this cancer is unknown, older women and those who have human papillomavirus have a higher chance of developing vulvar cancer. Treatment may include laser therapy, surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy.

MedlinePlus : 42 Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer. It forms in a woman's external genitals, called the vulva. The cancer usually grows slowly over several years. First, precancerous cells grow on vulvar skin. This is called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or dysplasia. Not all VIN cases turn into cancer, but it is best to treat it early. Often, vulvar cancer doesn't cause symptoms at first. However, see your doctor for testing if you notice A lump in the vulva Vulvar itching or tenderness Bleeding that is not your period Changes in the vulvar skin, such as color changes or growths that look like a wart or ulcer You are at greater risk if you've had a human papillomavirus (HPV) infection or have a history of genital warts. Your health care provider diagnoses vulvar cancer with a physical exam and a biopsy. Treatment varies, depending on your overall health and how advanced the cancer is. It might include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or biologic therapy. Biologic therapy boosts your body's own ability to fight cancer. NIH: National Cancer Institute

Wikipedia : 73 Vulvar cancer is a cancer of the vulva, the outer portion of the female genitals. It most commonly... more...

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Related Diseases for Vulva Cancer

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Diseases related to Vulva Cancer via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 569)
# Related Disease Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 bartholin's gland carcinoma 32.1 PIP KRT7
2 human papillomavirus infectious disease 32.0 TP53 KRT13 CDKN2A
3 vulvar eccrine porocarcinoma 31.9 PIP CEACAM5 CDKN2A
4 vulva basal cell carcinoma 31.9 ERBB2 CEACAM5 CDKN2A
5 vulva adenocarcinoma 31.2 UPK3A PIP KRT7 ERBB2 CEACAM5
6 squamous cell papilloma 30.5 TP53 HRAS GP5 CDKN2A
7 vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia 30.4 TP53 CDKN2A
8 cervix uteri carcinoma in situ 30.3 TP53 GP5 CDKN2A
9 keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma 30.2 TP53 KRT7 EGFR CEACAM5 CDKN2A
10 anogenital venereal wart 30.2 TP53 GP5 CDKN2A
11 cystic basal cell carcinoma 30.2 PIP KRT7 CEACAM5
12 mucosal melanoma 30.2 TP53 CDKN2A CD274
13 vaginal cancer 30.2 TP53 KRT7 GP5 CDKN2A
14 vulvar dystrophy 30.1 ZNF652 TP53 KRT13 CDKN2A
15 clear cell hidradenoma 30.1 PIP KRT7 CEACAM5
16 mammary paget's disease 30.0 PIP KRT7 ERBB2 EGFR
17 cervical squamous cell carcinoma 30.0 TP53 PIK3CA EGFR CDKN2A
18 myoepithelial carcinoma 30.0 TP53 PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS
19 basaloid squamous cell carcinoma 29.9 TP53 KRT7 KRT13 EGFR CDKN2A
20 verrucous carcinoma 29.9 TP53 PTEN EGFR CDKN2A
21 keratosis 29.9 TP53 PIK3CA HRAS CDKN2A
22 hidradenoma 29.9 PIP PIK3CA KRT7 CEACAM5
23 ovarian carcinosarcoma 29.9 TP53 PIK3CA ERBB2 CD274
24 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma 29.8 TP53 KRT7 ERBB2 EGFR CD274
25 sweat gland cancer 29.8 TP53 PIP KRT7 ERBB2 CEACAM5
26 large cell carcinoma 29.6 KRT7 HRAS ERBB2 EGFR CEACAM5
27 neuroendocrine carcinoma 29.6 PTEN KRT7 CEACAM5
28 lymphangioma 29.6 TP53 PIK3CA HRAS EGFR CEACAM5
29 papilloma 29.6 TP53 PTEN KRT7 KRT13 ERBB2 EGFR
30 urinary tract obstruction 29.4 UPK3A PIK3CA MIR590
31 small cell carcinoma 29.3 TP53 PTEN KRT7 ERBB2 EGFR CDKN2A
32 cholangiocarcinoma 29.3 TP53 PIK3CA KRT7 ERBB2 EGFR CEACAM5
33 anus cancer 29.2 TP53 PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS GP5 EGFR
34 cervix carcinoma 29.2 TP53 PIK3CA KRT7 GP5 ERBB2 EGFR
35 cervical adenocarcinoma 29.2 TP53 PTEN KRT7 ERBB2 EGFR CEACAM5
36 cervical cancer 29.2 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 CDKN2A
37 adenoid cystic carcinoma 29.0 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS ERBB2
38 basal cell carcinoma 29.0 TP53 PTEN KRT7 EGFR CEACAM5 CDKN2A
39 squamous cell carcinoma 29.0 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS ERBB2
40 oropharynx cancer 28.9 TP53 PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS GP5 ERBB2
41 carcinosarcoma 28.9 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS ERBB2
42 skin melanoma 28.8 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
43 in situ carcinoma 28.8 TP53 PTEN PIP PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2
44 melanoma 28.7 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
45 adenosquamous carcinoma 28.7 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA KRT7 EGFR CEACAM5
46 vulva squamous cell carcinoma 28.7 ZNF652 TP53 PLXDC2 PIK3CA MIR590 MIR3147
47 endometrial cancer 28.5 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS ERBB2
48 adenocarcinoma 28.4 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS ERBB2
49 transitional cell carcinoma 28.4 UPK3A TP53 PTEN KRT7 HRAS ERBB2
50 rhabdomyosarcoma 28.4 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA KRT7 HRAS ERBB2

Comorbidity relations with Vulva Cancer via Phenotypic Disease Network (PDN):


Acute Cystitis Clitoris Cancer
Hypertension, Essential Localized Scleroderma
Vaginal Cancer Vulvar Dystrophy

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Vulva Cancer:



Diseases related to Vulva Cancer
Sources

Symptoms & Phenotypes for Vulva Cancer

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UMLS symptoms related to Vulva Cancer:


pelvic pain; pruritus vulvae

MGI Mouse Phenotypes related to Vulva Cancer:

46
# Description MGI Source Accession Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 digestive/alimentary MP:0005381 9.76 CDKN2A EGFR ERBB2 HRAS KRT13 PIP
2 neoplasm MP:0002006 9.5 CDKN2A EGFR ERBB2 HRAS PIK3CA PTEN
3 no phenotypic analysis MP:0003012 9.17 CD274 CDKN2A EGFR HRAS PIK3CA PLXDC2
Sources

Drugs & Therapeutics for Vulva Cancer

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Drugs for Vulva Cancer (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 93)
# Name Status Phase Clinical Trials Cas Number PubChem Id
1
Octreotide Approved, Investigational Phase 3 83150-76-9 383414 6400441
2
Cisplatin Approved Phase 3 15663-27-1 84093 441203 2767
3
Dehydroepiandrosterone Approved, Investigational, Nutraceutical Phase 3 53-43-0 5881
4 Hemostatics Phase 3
5 DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) Phase 3
6 Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal Phase 3
7 Gastrointestinal Agents Phase 3
8 Fibrin Tissue Adhesive Phase 3
9 Coagulants Phase 3
10 Immunologic Factors Phase 3
11 Vaccines Phase 3
12
Fondaparinux Approved, Investigational Phase 2 104993-28-4
13
Bevacizumab Approved, Investigational Phase 2 216974-75-3
14
Paclitaxel Approved, Vet_approved Phase 2 33069-62-4 36314
15
Carboplatin Approved Phase 2 41575-94-4 10339178 498142 38904
16
Pembrolizumab Approved Phase 2 1374853-91-4
17
Durvalumab Approved, Investigational Phase 2 1428935-60-7
18
Fludarabine Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 21679-14-1, 75607-67-9 30751
19
Aldesleukin Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 110942-02-4, 85898-30-2
20
Cyclophosphamide Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 50-18-0, 6055-19-2 2907
21
Vorinostat Approved, Investigational Phase 2 149647-78-9 5311
22
Levoleucovorin Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 68538-85-2 149436
23
Irinotecan Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 97682-44-5, 100286-90-6 60838
24
Fluorouracil Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 51-21-8 3385
25
Niraparib Approved, Investigational Phase 1, Phase 2 1038915-60-4 24958200
26
leucovorin Approved Phase 1, Phase 2 58-05-9 6006
27
Gemcitabine Approved Phase 2 95058-81-4 60750
28
Dopamine Approved Phase 2 51-61-6, 62-31-7 681
29
Bupropion Approved Phase 2 34911-55-2, 34841-39-9 444
30
Folic acid Approved, Nutraceutical, Vet_approved Phase 1, Phase 2 59-30-3 6037
31 Fibrinolytic Agents Phase 2
32 Serine Proteinase Inhibitors Phase 2
33 Antithrombin III Phase 2
34 PENTA Phase 2
35 Antithrombins Phase 2
36 Factor Xa Inhibitors Phase 2
37 Anticoagulants Phase 2
38 Adjuvants, Immunologic Phase 2
39 Antimitotic Agents Phase 2
40 Albumin-Bound Paclitaxel Phase 2
41 Tubulin Modulators Phase 2
42 Anti-Retroviral Agents Phase 1, Phase 2
43 Anti-HIV Agents Phase 1, Phase 2
44 Anti-Infective Agents Phase 1, Phase 2
45 Immunoglobulin G Phase 2
46 Immunoglobulins, Intravenous Phase 2
47 Angiogenesis Inhibitors Phase 2
48 Interleukin-12 Phase 2
49 Antirheumatic Agents Phase 1, Phase 2
50 Alkylating Agents Phase 1, Phase 2

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 128)
# Name Status NCT ID Phase Drugs
1 Vaginal DHEA for Vaginal Symptoms: A Phase III Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo- Controlled Trial Completed NCT01376349 Phase 3 prasterone
2 A Comparison Between Tension-free Vaginal Tape and Bulking Agent for the Treatment of Post-vulvectomy Urinary Incontinence: a Randomized Controlled Trial Completed NCT01148290 Phase 3
3 Evaluation of Safety and Immunogenicity of GARDASILâ„¢ in Healthy Females Between 9 and 26 Years of Age in SubSaharan Africa Completed NCT01245764 Phase 3
4 Prospective and Randomized Study to Evaluate Interest of Ultracision Use in Inguinal Lymph Nodes Curage. Completed NCT00224744 Phase 3
5 Phase III Radiation Therapy vs Pelvic Node Resection for Previously Untreated Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva With Positive Groin Nodes Completed NCT00898352 Phase 3
6 Intraoperative Lymphatic Mapping in Patients With Stage I and II Squamous Carcinoma of the Vulva Completed NCT00003325 Phase 3
7 A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Quadrivalent HPV Vaccine in Reducing the Incidence of HPV 6-, 11-, 16-, and 18-Related CIN, AIS, and Cervical Cancer, and HPV 6-, 11-, 16-, and 18-Related External Genital Warts, Vulvar Intraepithelial Neoplasia Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Vulvar Cancer, and Vaginal Cancer in 16- to 23-Year-Old Women Completed NCT00092521 Phase 3
8 A Phase III Open-label Safety and Immunogenicity Study of GARDASILâ„¢9 Administered to 9- to 26-Year-Old Females and Males in Vietnam Completed NCT03546842 Phase 3
9 A Phase III, Randomized, International, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind Clinical Trial to Study the Tolerability and Immunogenicity of V503, a Multivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) L1 Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Vaccine, Given to Females 12-26 Years of Age Who Have Previously Received GARDASILâ„¢ Completed NCT01047345 Phase 3
10 A Randomized, International, Double-Blinded (With In-House Blinding), Controlled With GARDASIL, Dose-Ranging, Tolerability, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy Study of a Multivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) L1 Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Vaccine Administered to 16- to 26- Year-Old Women Completed NCT00543543 Phase 3
11 Phase III Double-Blind Study Of Depot Octreotide Versus Placebo In The Prevention Of Acute Diarrhea In Patients Receiving Pelvic Radiation Therapy Completed NCT00033605 Phase 3 octreotide acetate
12 A Phase III Clinical Trial Use of TISSEEL VH Fibrin Sealant to Reduce Lymphedema Incidence After Inguinal Lymph Node Dissection Performed in the Management of Vulvar Malignancies Completed NCT00028951 Phase 3 fibrin sealant
13 An Open-Label Phase III Clinical Trial to Study the Immunogenicity and Tolerability of GARDASIL®9 (A Multivalent Human Papillomavirus [HPV] L1 Virus-Like Particle [VLP] Vaccine) in Adult Women (27- to 45-Year-Olds) Compared to Young Adult Women (16 to 26 Year Olds) Completed NCT03158220 Phase 3
14 A Multicenter,Randomized,Blind and Positive-Controlled Phase â…¢ Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Immunogenicity and Safety of the 9-valent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18,31,33,45,52 and 58) Recombinant Vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) in Chinese Female Subjects Aged 20-45 Years Recruiting NCT04422366 Phase 3
15 A Randomized, Double-Blind and Positive-Controlled Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Immunogenicity and Safety of the 4-valent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18) Recombinant Vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) and 9-valent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18,31,33,45,52 and 58) Recombinant Vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) in Chinese Female Subjects Aged 20-45 Years Recruiting NCT04425291 Phase 3
16 Reliability of Indocyanine Green Use in Sentinel Lymph Node Identification in Cancer Surgery Recruiting NCT02997553 Phase 3 Indocyanine green;Technetium99
17 A Phase III Clinical Trial to Study the Immunogenicity, Tolerability, and Manufacturing Consistency of V503 (A Multivalent Human Papillomavirus [HPV] L1 Virus-Like Particle [VLP] Vaccine) in Preadolescents and Adolescents (9 to 15 Year Olds) With a Comparison to Young Women (16 to 26 Year Olds) Active, not recruiting NCT00943722 Phase 3
18 A Randomized Study of Adjuvant Radiation Treatment Versus Radiation and Chemotherapy in Patients With Vulvar Cancer and Involved Nodes Terminated NCT00006096 Phase 3 cisplatin
19 A Prospective Randomized Single Blind Phase III Trial Comparing Flexitouch Home Maintenance Therapy to Standard Home Maintenance Therapy for Lower Extremity Lymphedema Resulting From Treatment of Gynecologic Malignancy Terminated NCT00577317 Phase 3
20 A Limited Access Phase II Trial Utilizing Bioimpedance to Measure Lower Extremity Lymphedema Associated With the Surgical Management of a Vulvar Cancer Unknown status NCT01406769 Phase 2
21 Systematic Nutritional Care in Patients Receiving First-line Chemotherapy for Metastatic Gynecologic Cancer in a Phase II Study Unknown status NCT00905658 Phase 2
22 Women's Cancer Center Protocol #45: Prolonged Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis With Fondaparinux in Gynecologic Oncology Patients: An Open Label Phase II Trial Completed NCT00381888 Phase 2 fondaparinux sodium
23 The Impact of the Self-management Intervention "WOMAN-PRO II Program" on Patients With Vulvar Neoplasia to Minimize Post-surgical Symptom Prevalence: A Mixed-Methods Project Completed NCT01986725 Phase 2
24 Phase II Clinical Trial On Taxol As Single Agent In Locally Advanced And/Or Metastatic Or Recurrent Vulva Cancer Not Amenable For Surgery And/Or Radiotherapy Completed NCT00014599 Phase 2 paclitaxel
25 A Phase II Trial of Radiation Therapy and Weekly Cisplatin Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Locally-Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva Completed NCT00068406 Phase 2 Cisplatin
26 A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Image-Guided Gynecologic Brachytherapy in the Advanced Multimodality Image-Guided Operating Suite (AMIGO) Completed NCT01399658 Phase 2
27 A Phase IIa Randomized, Double-Blind Controlled With Gardasil, Clinical Trial to Study theTolerability and Immunogenicity of V505 (a Multivalent Human Papilloma Virus [HPV] L1 Virus Like Particle [VLP] Vaccine) in Healthy 16 to 26 Year Old Women Completed NCT00520598 Phase 2 Comparator: V505 formulation 2;Comparator: V505 formulation 2
28 A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Tolerability and Immunogenicity Study of a Multivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) L1 Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Vaccine Administered Concomitantly With GARDASIL to 16- to 26- Year-Old Women Completed NCT00551187 Phase 2
29 A Pilot Study Evaluating The Safety Of Avastin And Pelvic Radiation In Women With Pelvic-Confined Recurrence of Gynecological Cancers Completed NCT00545792 Phase 2 Avastin
30 A Prospective Evaluation of a Palliative Radio-Surgical Approach for the Treatment of Gynecologic Malignancies Completed NCT01079832 Phase 2
31 Psychosexual Intervention for Gynecologic and Breast Cancer Patients Completed NCT01764802 Phase 2
32 Effectiveness of an Individualized Symptom Education Program (ISEP) on the Symptom Distress of Women Receiving Radiation for Gynecological Cancer. Completed NCT00275353 Phase 2
33 Treatment of Metastatic Vulvar Carcinoma With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Chemotherapy (CRAVAT) Recruiting NCT04161664 Phase 2 Paclitaxel and Carboplatin
34 Treatment of Locally Advanced VULvar CArcinoma in a Neoadjuvant Setting With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel Chemotherapy (VULCANize) Recruiting NCT04192253 Phase 2 Paclitaxel and Carboplatin
35 A Phase 2 Study of Combined Chemo-immunotherapy With Cisplatin-pembrolizumab and Radiation for Unresectable Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recruiting NCT04430699 Phase 2 Cisplatin;Pembrolizumab
36 DART: Dual Anti-CTLA-4 and Anti-PD-1 Blockade in Rare Tumors Recruiting NCT02834013 Phase 2
37 Intratreatment FDG-PET During Radiation Therapy for Gynecologic and Gastrointestinal Cancers ( Adaptive PET II) Recruiting NCT03403465 Phase 2
38 A Phase 2, Open-Label Study to Evaluate Efficacy of Combination Treatment With MEDI0457 (INO-3112) and Durvalumab (MEDI4736) in Patients With Recurrent/Metastatic Human Papilloma Virus Associated Cancers Recruiting NCT03439085 Phase 2
39 A Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) Evaluating Predictive Biomarkers in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors (KEYNOTE 158) Recruiting NCT02628067 Phase 2
40 A Phase I/II Trial of T Cell Receptor Gene Therapy Targeting HPV-16 E7 With or Without PD-1 Blockade for HPV-Associated Cancers Recruiting NCT02858310 Phase 1, Phase 2 Aldesleukin;Fludarabine;Cyclophosphamide
41 Phase II Basket Trial Evaluating the Efficacy of a Combination of Pembrolizumab and Vorinostat in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recruiting NCT04357873 Phase 2 pembrolizumab; vorinostat
42 A Phase 1/2a, Open-label, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Preliminary Anti-tumor Activity of PEN-866 in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies Recruiting NCT03221400 Phase 1, Phase 2 PEN-866 Sodium;fluorouracil;Folinic acid;Niraparib
43 A Phase II Trial Evaluating Cisplatin (NSC #119875) and Gemcitabine (NSC #613327) Concurrent With Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Vulva (NCT #01595061) Active, not recruiting NCT01595061 Phase 2 Cisplatin;Gemcitabine Hydrochloride
44 Phase II Double Blind Dose Finding Trial of Bupropion Versus Placebo for Sexual Desire in Women With Breast or Gynecologic Cancer Active, not recruiting NCT03180294 Phase 2 Bupropion Hydrochloride
45 A Multilevel Intervention (Potlako+) to Improve Timely Cancer Detection and Treatment Not yet recruiting NCT04141449 Phase 2
46 Phase II Study of Antineoplastons A10 and AS2-1 In Patients With Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix and/or Vulva Terminated NCT00003525 Phase 2 Antineoplaston therapy (Atengenal + Astugenal)
47 A Randomized Phase II Trial of Adjuvant Nivolumab or Expectant Observation Following Neoadjuvant Ipilimumab Plus Nivolumab and Surgical Resection of High-Risk Localized, Locoregionally Advanced, or Recurrent Mucosal Melanoma Withdrawn NCT03220009 Phase 2
48 Pilot Study on Concurrent Cisplatin-based Chemotherapy Combined With Vaccination Therapy With the P16_37-63 Peptide in Patients With HPV- and p16INK4a-positive Cancer Completed NCT02526316 Phase 1
49 A Randomized, Double-Blind and Placebo-Controlled Phase I Study to Evaluate the Safety and Primary Immunogenicity of the 9-valent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18,31,33,45,52 and 58) Recombinant Vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) in Chinese Female Subjects Aged 9-45 Years Completed NCT03676101 Phase 1
50 A Phase I Study of Weekly Oral Topotecan in Gynecologic Malignancies Completed NCT00842452 Phase 1 topotecan hydrochloride

Search NIH Clinical Center for Vulva Cancer

Cochrane evidence based reviews: vulvar neoplasms

Sources

Genetic Tests for Vulva Cancer

About this section
Sources

Anatomical Context for Vulva Cancer

About this section

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Vulva Cancer:

40
Breast, Lymph Node, Skin, Lung, Cervix, Ovary, Thyroid
Sources

Publications for Vulva Cancer

About this section

Articles related to Vulva Cancer:

(show top 50) (show all 929)
# Title Authors PMID Year
1
LDOC1 as Negative Prognostic Marker for Vulvar Cancer Patients. 61 42
33291445 2020
2
Is There a Place for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Vulvar Neoplasms? A State of the Art Review. 42
33375467 2020
3
p53 Immunohistochemical Patterns in HPV-Independent Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Vulva and the Associated Skin Lesions: A Study of 779 Cases. 42
33138328 2020
4
The Association of Tumor Burden by 18F-FDG PET/CT and Survival in Vulvar Carcinoma. 61
33630802 2021
5
[Erratum to « Update on precursors of vulvar carcinoma» [Gynecol. Obstet. Fertil. Senol. 49 (2021]]. 61
33771737 2021
6
EP4 as a Negative Prognostic Factor in Patients with Vulvar Cancer. 61
33808776 2021
7
The role of brachytherapy (interventional radiotherapy) for primary and/or recurrent vulvar cancer: a Gemelli Vul.Can multidisciplinary team systematic review. 61
33650029 2021
8
An uncommon case of vulvar cancer metastatic to breast. 61
33785716 2021
9
Combined COX-2/PPARγ Expression as Independent Negative Prognosticator for Vulvar Cancer Patients. 61
33802010 2021
10
How Can We Treat Vulvar Carcinoma in Pregnancy? A Systematic Review of the Literature. 61
33671249 2021
11
Malignant pleural effusion from squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: extremely rare metastatic pattern of a rarely metastasizing cancer. 61
33559117 2021
12
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Novel Skin Barrier Protectant in a Patient with Acute Radiodermatitis of the Vulva: A Case Report. 61
33323803 2021
13
Retrospective analysis of surgically treated cases of squamous cell carcinoma vulva. 61
33723153 2021
14
18F-FDG PET/CT imaging of vulva cancer recurrence: A comparison of PET-derived metabolic parameters between women with and without HIV infection. 61
32871597 2020
15
Inflammatory Proteins HMGA2 and PRTN3 as Drivers of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression. 61
33374674 2020
16
Reduced morbidity by using LigaSure compared to conventional inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. 61
32877884 2020
17
A prognostic nomogram based on lymph node ratio for postoperative vulvar squamous cell carcinoma from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database: a retrospective cohort study. 61
33313127 2020
18
Metastatic Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Presenting as Vulvar Carcinoma Erysipeloides. 61
32807377 2020
19
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) in Groin Wounds After Lymphadenectomy in Vulvar Cancer Patients. 61
33144461 2020
20
[Update on precursors of vulvar carcinoma]. 61
33166702 2020
21
Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) as a New Tool for the Management of Vulva Cancer and Vulvar Premalignant Lesions in Gynaecological Oncology. 61
33121141 2020
22
Phase II study of pembrolizumab efficacy and safety in women with recurrent small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lower genital tract. 61
32534809 2020
23
Factors influencing the use of adaptive radiation therapy in vulvar carcinoma. 61
32684858 2020
24
Prognostic factors and surgical treatment in vulvar carcinoma: Single center experience. 61
32700378 2020
25
Genomic characterization of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. 61
32591094 2020
26
Loss of MHC Class I Expression in HPV-associated Cervical and Vulvar Neoplasia: A Potential Mechanism of Resistance to Checkpoint Inhibition. 61
32496434 2020
27
Genes, pathways and vulvar carcinoma - New insights from next-generation sequencing studies. 61
32522421 2020
28
A Case of Recurrent Vulvar Carcinoma With Cardiac Metastasis: Case Report and Review of the Literature. 61
31433376 2020
29
Locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: A challenging question for gynecologic oncologists. 61
32460996 2020
30
Is Perineural Invasion a Novel Prognostic Factor Useful to Tailor Adjuvant Treatment in Patients Treated With Primary Surgery for Cervical and Vulvar Carcinoma? 61
32487596 2020
31
Lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node biopsy in vulvar carcinoma: update from a European expert panel. 61
31897584 2020
32
Concordance rate of vulvoscopic findings in detecting early vulvar neoplasia. 61
32107046 2020
33
The effect of lymph node metastasis on overall survival and disease-free survival in vulvar cancer patients. 61
32141050 2020
34
The International Society for the Study of Vulvovaginal Disease Surgical Oncological Procedure Definitions Committee "Surgical Terminology for Vulvar Cancer Treatment". 61
31860578 2020
35
Identification of Specific Tumor Markers in Vulvar Carcinoma Through Extensive Human Papillomavirus DNA Characterization Using Next Generation Sequencing Method. 61
31860576 2020
36
Outcome of Radiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Vulvar Carcinoma: Analysis of Inguinal Lymph Node. 61
31882493 2020
37
Recurrence and survival rates in node negative patients after sentinel node biopsy for early-stage vulva cancer - A nationwide study. 61
31711658 2020
38
Retrospective analysis of the diagnostic effectiveness of the sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in vulvar cancer. 61
32779158 2020
39
Establishment of a novel cancer cell line derived from vulvar carcinoma associated with lichen sclerosus exhibiting a fibroblast-dependent tumorigenic potential. 61
31654625 2020
40
Etiology, Clinical Features, and Diagnosis of Vulvar Lichen Sclerosus: A Scoping Review. 61
32373174 2020
41
An Overview of Vulvar Cancer: A Single-Center Study from Northeast India. 61
31844370 2019
42
Cellulitis: An unusual manifestation of Neisseria meningitidis infection. 61
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43
The usefulness of high-frequency ultrasonography in the preoperative evaluation of vulvar cancer - a case series. 61
32021713 2019
44
Safety and Efficacy of Nivolumab Monotherapy in Recurrent or Metastatic Cervical, Vaginal, or Vulvar Carcinoma: Results From the Phase I/II CheckMate 358 Trial. 61
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45
Risk of vulvar carcinoma in women affected with lichen sclerosus: results of a cohort study. 61
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46
Fusion of ultrasound and 3D single-photon-emission computed tomography/computed tomography to identify sentinel lymph nodes in vulvar cancer: feasibility study. 61
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47
Modifield musculocutaneous gracilis flap A case report. 61
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48
State of the art in vulvar cancer imaging. 61
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49
Outcomes of the use of different vulvar flaps for reconstruction during surgery for vulvar cancer. 61
31040036 2019
50
Ultrasound-guided FNA cytology of groin lymph nodes improves the management of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: Results from a comparative cytohistological study. 61
31174235 2019
Sources

Variations for Vulva Cancer

About this section

Cosmic variations for Vulva Cancer:

9 (show top 50) (show all 87)
# Cosmic Mut ID Gene Symbol COSMIC Disease Classification
(Primary site, Site subtype, Primary histology, Histology subtype)		 Mutation CDS Mutation AA GRCh38 Location Conf
1 COSM105721382 HRAS skin,genital,carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma c.182A>T p.Q61L 11:533874-533874 8
2 COSM91331151 HRAS skin,genital,carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma c.182A>T p.Q61L 11:533874-533874 8
3 COSM112988842 HRAS skin,genital,carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma c.182A>T p.Q61L 11:533874-533874 8
4 COSM101967270 HRAS skin,genital,carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma c.182A>T p.Q61L 11:533874-533874 8
5 COSM101951599 HRAS skin,genital,carcinoma,squamous cell carcinoma c.182A>T p.Q61L 11:533874-533874 8
6 COSM87963219 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
7 COSM145017657 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.626G>A p.R209Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
8 COSM142616860 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.175C>T p.P59S 17:7676077-7676077 6
9 COSM112253622 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.743G>A p.R248Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
10 COSM93183630 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.743G>A p.R248Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
11 COSM106053189 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.743G>A p.R248Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
12 COSM143370869 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.626G>A p.R209Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
13 COSM93240881 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
14 COSM111814622 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
15 COSM144708060 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.175C>T p.P59S 17:7676077-7676077 6
16 COSM143423971 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.175C>T p.P59S 17:7676077-7676077 6
17 COSM105620276 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.743G>A p.R248Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
18 COSM144355828 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.175C>T p.P59S 17:7676077-7676077 6
19 COSM144013367 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.710G>A p.R237Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
20 COSM144651115 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.626G>A p.R209Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
21 COSM106106828 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
22 COSM105686385 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
23 COSM112309979 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
24 COSM144065254 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
25 COSM111758576 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.743G>A p.R248Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
26 COSM142560281 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.626G>A p.R209Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
27 COSM144310203 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.626G>A p.R209Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
28 COSM142837352 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.743G>A p.R248Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
29 COSM145069060 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.175C>T p.P59S 17:7676077-7676077 6
30 COSM142883530 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.292C>T p.P98S 17:7676077-7676077 6
31 COSM87898351 TP53 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.743G>A p.R248Q 17:7674220-7674220 6
32 COSM110711551 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.2248C>T p.Q750* 9:95467230-95467230 6
33 COSM110711771 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.352C>T p.Q118* 9:95485719-95485719 6
34 COSM106824708 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.1993C>T p.Q665* 9:95467230-95467230 6
35 COSM115986684 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.352C>T p.Q118* 9:95485719-95485719 6
36 COSM108456062 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.1993C>T p.Q665* 9:95467230-95467230 6
37 COSM98529722 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.2443C>T p.Q815* 9:95467230-95467230 6
38 COSM90826716 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.550C>T p.Q184* 9:95485719-95485719 6
39 COSM90826432 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.2446C>T p.Q816* 9:95467230-95467230 6
40 COSM108456369 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.97C>T p.Q33* 9:95485719-95485719 6
41 COSM108508077 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.2248C>T p.Q750* 9:95467230-95467230 6
42 COSM103444159 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.1993C>T p.Q665* 9:95467230-95467230 6
43 COSM103444493 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.97C>T p.Q33* 9:95485719-95485719 6
44 COSM106825037 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.97C>T p.Q33* 9:95485719-95485719 6
45 COSM98529988 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.547C>T p.Q183* 9:95485719-95485719 6
46 COSM108508382 PTCH1 skin,lip,carcinoma,NS c.352C>T p.Q118* 9:95485719-95485719 6
47 COSM105584865 AKT1 skin,lip,other,hyperplasia c.49G>A p.E17K 14:104780214-104780214 6
48 COSM89233576 AKT1 skin,lip,other,hyperplasia c.49G>A p.E17K 14:104780214-104780214 6
49 COSM134535128 AKT1 skin,lip,other,hyperplasia c.49G>A p.E17K 14:104780214-104780214 6
50 COSM136349850 AKT1 skin,lip,other,hyperplasia c.49G>A p.E17K 14:104780214-104780214 6
Sources

Expression for Vulva Cancer

About this section
Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Vulva Cancer.
Sources

Pathways for Vulva Cancer

About this section

Pathways related to Vulva Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 47)
# Super pathways Score Top Affiliating Genes
1
PI3K-Akt signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.99 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
2
Pathways in cancer 36
12.81 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
3
Endometrial cancer 36
Show member pathways
 12.73 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
4
Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR) 65
Show member pathways
 12.72 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
5
Development HGF signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.71 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2
6
Gastric cancer 36
Show member pathways
 12.69 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
7
T cell receptor signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.6 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS EGFR CD274
8
Immune response IL-23 signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.59 TP53 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
9
Glioma 36
Show member pathways
 12.58 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
10
mTOR signaling pathway (KEGG) 36
Show member pathways
 12.47 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
11
ErbB signaling pathway 36 1
Show member pathways
 12.45 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
12
Apoptosis Pathway 69
Show member pathways
 12.43 TP53 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
13
Development IGF-1 receptor signaling 23
Show member pathways
 12.39 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS
14
VEGF Signaling 66
Show member pathways
 12.35 TP53 PTEN HRAS EGFR
15
Human T-cell leukemia virus 1 infection 36
12.33 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS CDKN2A
16
Development Ligand-independent activation of ESR1 and ESR2 23
Show member pathways
 12.32 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
17
Development EGFR signaling pathway 23
Show member pathways
 12.32 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
18
Signaling by ERBB2 65
Show member pathways
 12.31 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
19
Viral carcinogenesis 36
12.3 TP53 PIK3CA HRAS CDKN2A
20
Proteoglycans in cancer 36
12.29 TP53 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
21
MicroRNAs in cancer 36
12.25 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA MIR223 HRAS ERBB2
22
MAPK Signaling: Mitogen Stimulation Pathway 64
Show member pathways
 12.22 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
23
EGF/EGFR Signaling Pathway 1
12.18 PTEN HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
24
Translation Non-genomic (rapid) action of Androgen Receptor 23
Show member pathways
 12.17 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
25
Cellular senescence (KEGG) 36
12.16 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS CDKN2A
26
Development EGFR signaling via small GTPases 23
Show member pathways
 12.12 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
27
Estrogen signaling pathway (KEGG) 36
12.09 PIK3CA KRT13 HRAS EGFR
28
FoxO signaling pathway 36
Show member pathways
 12.08 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS EGFR
29
MAPK Pathway 69
Show member pathways
 12.04 TP53 PIK3CA ERBB2 EGFR
30
Sphingolipid signaling pathway 36
12.01 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS
31
Signaling by ERBB4 65
Show member pathways
 11.95 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
32
Senescence and Autophagy in Cancer 1
11.93 TP53 PTEN HRAS CDKN2A
33
Glioblastoma Multiforme 63
11.9 TP53 PTEN HRAS EGFR CDKN2A
34
DNA Damage Response (only ATM dependent) 1
11.79 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 CDKN2A
35
Platinum drug resistance 36
11.74 TP53 PIK3CA ERBB2 CDKN2A
36
IL-2 Gene Expression in Activated and Quiescent T-Cells 63
Show member pathways
 11.62 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
37
Agrin Interactions at Neuromuscular Junction 63
11.61 HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
38
PDGFR-beta signaling pathway 1
11.59 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS
39
Copper homeostasis 1
11.58 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA
40
Photodynamic therapy-induced AP-1 survival signaling. 1
11.55 TP53 EGFR CDKN2A
41
Pathways Affected in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma 1
11.54 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2
42
Bladder cancer 36 1
11.3 UPK3A TP53 HRAS ERBB2 EGFR CDKN2A
43
PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway and therapeutic opportunities 1
11.28 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS
44
Extracellular vesicle-mediated signaling in recipient cells 1
11.28 HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
45
a6b1 and a6b4 Integrin signaling 1
11.2 PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
46
Central carbon metabolism in cancer 36
10.95 TP53 PTEN PIK3CA HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
47
EGFR-dependent Endothelin signaling events 1
10.6 HRAS EGFR
Sources

GO Terms for Vulva Cancer

About this section

Cellular components related to Vulva Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 apical plasma membrane GO:0016324 9.02 UPK3A PTEN ERBB2 EGFR CEACAM5

Biological processes related to Vulva Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 11)
# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 positive regulation of cell migration GO:0030335 9.76 MIR590 HRAS EGFR CD274
2 liver development GO:0001889 9.67 PIK3CA HRAS EGFR
3 Ras protein signal transduction GO:0007265 9.61 TP53 HRAS CDKN2A
4 positive regulation of epithelial cell proliferation GO:0050679 9.58 HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
5 positive regulation of MAP kinase activity GO:0043406 9.54 HRAS ERBB2 EGFR
6 positive regulation of production of miRNAs involved in gene silencing by miRNA GO:1903800 9.48 TP53 EGFR
7 phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling GO:0014065 9.33 PTEN PIK3CA ERBB2
8 negative regulation of ERBB signaling pathway GO:1901185 9.32 ERBB2 EGFR
9 negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus GO:0033088 9.26 ERBB2 CDKN2A
10 positive regulation of gene expression GO:0010628 9.17 TP53 PTEN PIP MIR223 HRAS ERBB2
11 ERBB2 signaling pathway GO:0038128 9.13 PIK3CA ERBB2 EGFR

Molecular functions related to Vulva Cancer according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

# Name GO ID Score Top Affiliating Genes
1 MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding GO:0097371 8.62 TP53 CDKN2A
Sources

Sources for Vulva Cancer

About this section
3 CDC
7 CNVD
9 Cosmic
10 dbSNP
11 DGIdb
17 EFO
18 ExPASy
19 FMA
20 GARD
28 GO
29 GTR
30 HMDB
31 HPO
32 ICD10
33 ICD10 via Orphanet
34 ICD9CM
35 IUPHAR
36 KEGG
37 LifeMap
39 LOVD
41 MedGen
44 MeSH
45 MESH via Orphanet
46 MGI
49 NCI
50 NCIt
51 NDF-RT
53 NINDS
54 Novoseek
56 OMIM via Orphanet
57 OMIM® (Updated 20-May-2021)
61 PubMed
63 QIAGEN
68 SNOMED-CT via HPO
69 Tocris
70 UMLS
71 UMLS via Orphanet
The MalaCards human disease database index: 1-9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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