Whiplash disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: WHP002 MIFTS: 39	Whiplash
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Aliases & Classifications for Whiplash

MalaCards integrated aliases for Whiplash:

Name: Whiplash ⁵⁴

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Summaries for Whiplash

NINDS : ⁵⁴ Whiplash-a soft tissue injury to the neck-is also called neck sprain or neck strain. It is characterized by a collection of symptoms that occur following damage to the neck, usually because of sudden extension and flexion. The disorder commonly occurs as the result of an automobile accident and may include injury to intervertebral joints, discs, and ligaments, cervical muscles, and nerve roots. Symptoms such as neck pain may be present directly after the injury or may be delayed for several days. In addition to neck pain, other symptoms may include neck stiffness, injuries to the muscles and ligaments (myofascial injuries), headache, dizziness, abnormal sensations such as burning or prickling (paresthesias), or shoulder or back pain. In addition, some people experience cognitive, somatic, or psychological conditions such as memory loss, concentration impairment, nervousness/irritability, sleep disturbances, fatigue, or depression.

MalaCards based summary : Whiplash is related to cervicitis and avoidant personality disorder. An important gene associated with Whiplash is CCL5 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5), and among its related pathways/superpathways are PEDF Induced Signaling and TGF-Beta Pathway. The drugs Central Nervous System Depressants and Anesthetics have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include testes, eye and spinal cord.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁶ Whiplash is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle. It depicts the... more...

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Related Diseases for Whiplash

Diseases related to Whiplash via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 62)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cervicitis	10.7
2	avoidant personality disorder	10.3	CCL5 CCR5
3	omsk hemorrhagic fever	10.3	CCL4 CCL5
4	chronic pain	10.3
5	yellow fever	10.3	CCL5 CCR5
6	acute cervicitis	10.3	CCL4 CCL5
7	headache	10.3
8	oral lichen planus	10.3	CCL5 CCR5
9	pulmonary sarcoidosis	10.2	CCL5 CCR5
10	depression	10.2
11	inclusion conjunctivitis	10.1	CCL5 IL16
12	fibromyalgia	10.1
13	viral meningitis	10.1	CCL5 IL16
14	aging	9.9
15	respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease	9.9	CCL3 CCL5
16	thoracic outlet syndrome	9.9
17	paine syndrome	9.9
18	cerebritis	9.9
19	radiculopathy	9.9
20	anxiety	9.9
21	brain injury	9.9
22	spinal cord injury	9.9
23	traumatic brain injury	9.9
24	back pain	9.9
25	autoinflammation, lipodystrophy, and dermatosis syndrome	9.8	CCL3 CCL5
26	bronchiolitis	9.8	CCL3 CCL5
27	allergic asthma	9.8	CCL5 IL16
28	necatoriasis	9.8	CCL3 CCL4
29	vertigo, benign recurrent	9.7
30	toxic encephalopathy	9.7
31	body mass index quantitative trait locus 1	9.7
32	carotid artery dissection	9.7
33	ataxia, combined cerebellar and peripheral, with hearing loss and diabetes mellitus	9.7
34	cerebrospinal fluid leak	9.7
35	perilymphatic fistula	9.7
36	acoustic neuroma	9.7
37	transient global amnesia	9.7
38	benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus	9.7
39	encephalopathy	9.7
40	neuroma	9.7
41	head injury	9.7
42	post-traumatic stress disorder	9.7
43	occipital neuralgia	9.7
44	dermatitis	9.7
45	neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome	9.7
46	trypanosomiasis	9.7	CCL3 CCL5
47	night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1a	9.7	CCL3 CCL4
48	acquired immunodeficiency syndrome	9.6	CCL3 CCR5
49	encephalitis	9.6	CCL5 CCR5
50	chagas disease	9.6	CCL3 CCR5

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Whiplash:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Whiplash

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Whiplash

Drugs for Whiplash (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 54)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anesthetics

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Hydrocortisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

50-23-7

5754

Amitriptyline

Approved

Phase 2

50-48-6

2160

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 2

15687-27-1

3672

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 2

64-17-5

702

Cyclobenzaprine

Approved

Phase 2

303-53-7

2895

Butyric Acid

Experimental, Investigational

Phase 2

107-92-6

264

Analgesics

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Cortisol succinate

Phase 2

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate

Phase 2

Hydrocortisone acetate

Phase 2

Hydrocortisone-17-butyrate

Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 2

Amitriptyline, perphenazine drug combination

Phase 2

Neuromuscular Agents

Phase 2

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 2

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Phase 2

Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 2

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 2

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 2

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic

Phase 2

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 2

Mannitol

Approved, Investigational

Not Applicable

69-65-8

453 6251

Triamcinolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Not Applicable

124-94-7

31307

Levobupivacaine

Approved, Investigational

Not Applicable

27262-47-1

92253

Pyrantel

Approved, Vet_approved

Not Applicable

15686-83-6

Norepinephrine

Approved

51-41-2

439260

Citalopram

Approved

59729-33-8

2771

Menthol

Approved

Not Applicable

2216-51-5

16666

Imidacloprid

Vet_approved

Not Applicable

105827-78-9

86418

triamcinolone acetonide

Not Applicable

Triamcinolone diacetate

Not Applicable

Triamcinolone hexacetonide

Not Applicable

Vaccines

Early Phase 1

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Not Applicable

Pyranoprofen

Not Applicable

Pyrantel Pamoate

Not Applicable

Cholinergic Agents

Muscarinic Antagonists

Cholinergic Antagonists

Serotonin Agents

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Parasympatholytics

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 52)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) and Post-Axillary Surgery Morbidity	Terminated	NCT01255631	Phase 4
2	Lidocaine Injection Versus Sham Needling in Treating Whiplash Associated Disorder	Withdrawn	NCT02060734	Phase 4
3	PEMF Effects on Pain After Abdominal Body Contouring	Withdrawn	NCT01762423	Phase 4
4	University Health Network Whiplash Intervention Trial	Completed	NCT00546806	Phase 3
5	Preventing Chronic Whiplash Pain	Completed	NCT00021476	Phase 3
6	Comparison of the Effect of Neck Collar, Act-as-Usual, and Active Mobilisation Early After a Whiplash Injury	Completed	NCT00206271	Phase 3
7	Manual Therapy Dosage Factorial Study	Withdrawn	NCT00560807	Phase 2, Phase 3
8	Association Between Low Cortisol Levels and Whiplash Syndrome	Unknown status	NCT02090309	Phase 2	Hydrocortisone;normal saline 0.9%
9	Does Acupuncture Activate Endogenous Pain Inhibition in Chronic Whiplash?	Completed	NCT01512576	Phase 2
10	Acupuncture for Whiplash Associated Disorder	Completed	NCT01395511	Phase 2
11	Comparison of Ibuprofen, Cyclobenzaprine, or Both for Acute Cervical Strain: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT00790270	Phase 2	Cyclobenzaprine;Ibuprofen;Ibuprofen plus Cyclobenzaprine
12	Tailored Computerized Mobilization of the Cervical Spine Utilizing the Occiflex Device for the Treatment of Chronic Neck Pain	Completed	NCT01518530	Phase 2
13	Whiplash-associated Disorders - Needling Treatments Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT01824810	Not Applicable
14	Is Chronic Whiplash-associated Pain of Neurogenic Origin?	Unknown status	NCT02692937	Not Applicable
15	East-West Collaborative Medicine Using Bee-Venom Acupuncture on Whiplash-Associated Disorders	Unknown status	NCT01369238	Not Applicable	zaltoprofen
16	Efficacy of Pain Neurophysiology Education in Combination With Psychologic Inoculation in Chronic Whiplash	Unknown status	NCT01544075	Early Phase 1
17	Treatment of Whiplash Associated Disorders by APOS Kit	Unknown status	NCT00266981	Not Applicable
18	Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls (DNIC): Nociceptive Modulation and Interaction With Neurocognitive Performance in Chronic Pain	Unknown status	NCT01172795
19	A Clinical Comparison in Cervical Epidural Pressure Changes Between Midline and Paramedian Approaches	Unknown status	NCT01360138	Not Applicable
20	Neuroscience Education on Osteoarthritis	Unknown status	NCT02246088	Not Applicable
21	RFD Versus Cervical Medial Branch Blocks in Chronic Degenerative Neck Pain	Unknown status	NCT01743326	Not Applicable
22	Multi Cervical Unit Measures of Cervical Isometric Strength and Range of Motion: A Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT00510757
23	Measuring the Impact of the French Version of the Whiplash Book	Completed	NCT03040245
24	Unraveling the Nature of Impaired Pain Inhibition in Patients With Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders	Completed	NCT01601912		Atomoxetine;Citalopram
25	Effects of Different Exercise Programs for People With Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders	Completed	NCT01528579	Not Applicable
26	Manual Therapy to Treat Acute Whiplash Injury	Completed	NCT01825460	Not Applicable
27	Neck Muscle Activation in Patients With Long Standing Problems After a Whiplash Trauma Registered With Ultrasound With Speckle Tracking	Completed	NCT01547624	Not Applicable
28	Randomized WAD Study	Completed	NCT01994044	Not Applicable
29	Neck Exercises, Training and Pain Management as a Treatment for Whiplash Patients With Chronic Neck Pain	Completed	NCT01431261	Not Applicable
30	Responses of People With Neck Pain Being Treated With Varying Doses of Manual Therapy: A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT01957033	Not Applicable
31	Icing Effects on Neck Functions of the Boxers	Completed	NCT01203280	Not Applicable
32	Explain Pain in Fibromyalgia Patients	Completed	NCT02474875	Not Applicable
33	Pain Neuroscience Education Combined With Cognition-targeted Motor Control Training	Completed	NCT02098005	Not Applicable
34	The Effect of TheraBand® Kinesiology Tape on Post-manipulation Pain and Range of Motion	Completed	NCT02691143	Not Applicable
35	Concussion in Motor Vehicle Accidents: The Concussion Identification Index	Completed	NCT02858544
36	Why Does Acute Post Whiplash Injury Pain Transform Into Chronic Pain?	Recruiting	NCT02560675
37	Value-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Prevention of Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders	Recruiting	NCT02251028	Not Applicable
38	Investigating the Effect of an Information Video for Neck Injuries in a Emergency Department Setting	Recruiting	NCT02570659	Not Applicable
39	Modern Pain Neuroscience Applied to Chronic Pain in Patients With Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders	Recruiting	NCT03239938	Not Applicable
40	Neck-specific Exercise in Chronic Whiplash	Recruiting	NCT03022812	Not Applicable
41	Modeling Post-traumatic Pain and Recovery: The SYMBIOME Longitudinal Cohort Study	Recruiting	NCT02711085
42	Postural Garment Versus Exercises for Women With Cervical Pain	Recruiting	NCT03560492	Not Applicable
43	Clinical Effect Size of an Educational Intervention in the Home and Compliance on People Who Suffer From Stroke	Recruiting	NCT01980641	Not Applicable
44	Effectiveness of an Educational Video Following Acute Whiplash Trauma	Active, not recruiting	NCT01699334	Not Applicable
45	Neuromuscular Mechanisms Underlying Poor Recovery From Whiplash Injuries	Active, not recruiting	NCT02157038	Early Phase 1
46	Free Fall Acrobatics to Reduce Neck Loads During Parachute Opening Shock: Evaluation of an Intervention.	Enrolling by invitation	NCT02625896	Not Applicable
47	Correlation Between Central Sensitization Inventory and Posturographic Data	Enrolling by invitation	NCT03058003
48	Central Sensitization in Chronic Whiplash Patients	Not yet recruiting	NCT03005691
49	Efficacy of the Use of Dry Needling in Conventional Non-invasive Treatment of Acute and Subacute Whiplash	Not yet recruiting	NCT03502928	Not Applicable
50	Influence of Beliefs on the Prognosis of Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain.	Not yet recruiting	NCT03036553

Search NIH Clinical Center for Whiplash

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Genetic Tests for Whiplash

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Anatomical Context for Whiplash

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Whiplash:

⁴¹

Testes, Eye, Spinal Cord, Brain, Bone, Tongue, Skin

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Publications for Whiplash

Articles related to Whiplash:

(show top 50) (show all 664)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Intramuscular fat is present in cervical multifidus but not soleus in patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders. ( 29795590 )	Pedler A....Sterling M.	2018
2	Biomechanics of coupled motion in the cervical spine during simulated whiplash in patients with pre-existing cervical or lumbar spinal fusion: A Finite Element Study. ( 29330341 )	Huang H....Dang A.B.C.	2018
3	Whiplash injury results in sustained impairments of cervical muscle function: A one-year prospective, controlled study. ( 29767228 )	Krogh S....Kasch H.	2018
4	Pregabalin versus placebo in targeting pro-nociceptive mechanisms to prevent chronic pain after whiplash injury in at-risk individuals - a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial. ( 29343280 )	Nikles J....Sterling M.	2018
5	Anthropometric characteristics and traffic accident circumstances of patients with isolated whiplash injury in University Clinical Hospital Mostar. ( 29214988 )	RastoviA8 P....OstojiA8 M.	2018
6	Neck-specific exercise improves impaired interactions between ventral neck muscles in chronic whiplash: A randomized controlled ultrasound study. ( 29941911 )	Peterson G....Peolsson A.	2018
7	Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Injury of the Ascending Reticular Activating System Following Whiplash Injury. ( 29896079 )	Jang S.H....Kwon Y.H.	2018
8	Investigation of the Effect of Neck Muscle Active Force on Whiplash Injury of the Cervical Spine. ( 29849760 )	Yan Y....Hu L.	2018
9	Evidence for Increased MRI Signal Intensity and Morphological Changes in the Brachial Plexus and Median Nerves of Patients With Chronic Arm and Neck Pain Following Whiplash Injury. ( 29690828 )	Greening J....Dilley A.	2018
10	More whiplash weather in store for California. ( 29717236 )		2018
11	Reciprocal associations of pain and post-traumatic stress symptoms after whiplash injury: A longitudinal, cross-lagged study. ( 29377453 )	Ravn S.L....Andersen T.E.	2018
12	Validity and test-retest reliability of the Dutch modified Perceived Deficits Questionnaire to examine cognitive symptoms in women with chronic whiplash, chronic idiopathic neck pain and fibromyalgia. ( 29383819 )	Lenoir D....Coppieters I.	2018
13	Pathology and Treatment of Traumatic Cervical Spine Syndrome: Whiplash Injury. ( 29682354 )	Tanaka N....Adachi N.	2018
14	Information needs of patients with whiplash associated disorders: A Delphi study of patient beliefs. ( 29073494 )	Sterling J....Sterling M.	2018
15	Long-term follow-up of whiplash injuries reported to insurance companies: a cohort study on patient-reported outcomes and impact of financial compensation. ( 29429037 )	Rydman E....Pettersson-JAornbert H.	2018
16	Is Delayed Surgery After Unsuccessful Conservative Treatment Beneficial for Spinal Cord Injury Following Whiplash? A Retrospective Study in Elderly Patients. ( 29729179 )	Zhao T....Yang G.	2018
17	Superior outcomes following cervical fusion vs. multimodal rehabilitation in a subgroup of randomized Whiplash-Associated-Disorders (WAD) patients indicating somatic pain origin-Comparison of outcome assessments made by four examiners from different disciplines. ( 29794310 )	Svensson E....Taube A.	2018
18	The Discrepancy between Subjective and Objective Measures of Convergence Insufficiency in Whiplash-Associated Disorder versus Control Participants. ( 29371010 )	Stiebel-Kalish H....Gantz L.	2018
19	A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder. ( 29719724 )	Anderson C....Reed N.	2018
20	Isometric muscle fatigue of the paravertebral and upper extremity muscles after whiplash injury. ( 28761029 )	Rastovic P....Pandza M.	2017
21	Exercise induced hypoalgesia is elicited by isometric, but not aerobic exercise in individuals with chronic whiplash associated disorders. ( 28850338 )	Smith A....Sterling M.	2017
22	Treatment of chronic canalithiasis can be beneficial for patients with vertigo/dizziness and chronic musculoskeletal pain, including whiplash related pain. ( 29911614 )	Iglebekk W....Borenstein P.	2017
23	The whiplash enigma: Still searching for answers. ( 29913716 )	Westergren H....MalmstrAPm E.M.	2017
24	Whiplash Syndrome- a disorder of the brain? ( 28697186 )	Biendara J....Otte A.	2017
25	Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Prediction of the Relationship between Whiplash Injury and Temporomandibular Disorders. ( 29375466 )	Lee Y.H....Hong J.P.	2017
26	Evidence for cervical muscle morphometric changes on magnetic resonance images after whiplash: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ( 29269107 )	Owers D.S....Webb A.L.	2017
27	Cost-effectiveness of neck-specific exercise with or without a behavioral approach versus physical activity prescription in the treatment of chronic whiplash-associated disorders: Analyses of a randomized clinical trial. ( 28640136 )	LandAcn Ludvigsson M....Bernfort L.	2017
28	The Whiplash Rash. ( 28761857 )	Brahmnalkar A.M....Kaur H.	2017
29	Persistent pseudomyopia following a whiplash injury in a previously emmetropic woman. ( 29260112 )	Hughes F.E....Mullaney P.B.	2017
30	Distribution of concussion related symptoms after whiplash injury in risk strata. ( 29913815 )	Kasch H....Jensen T.S.	2017
31	Post-traumatic stress symptom clusters in acute whiplash associated disorder and their prediction of chronic pain-related disability. ( 29392244 )	Maujean A....Sterling M.	2017
32	Symptoms, disabilities, and life satisfaction five years after whiplash injuries. ( 29911576 )	Styrke J....StAYlnacke B.M.	2017
33	Epidemiology and psychological factors of whiplash associated disorders in Japanese population. ( 28931977 )	Oka H....Kitagawa T.	2017
34	Motor evoked potentials in patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder grade II. ( 28711376 )	De Reuck J.	2017
35	Living with ongoing whiplash associated disorders: a qualitative study of individual perceptions and experiences. ( 29246144 )	Ritchie C....Sterling M.	2017
36	Association between Clinical and Neurophysiological Outcomes in Patients with Mechanical Neck Pain and Whiplash-associated Disorders. ( 28678060 )	Castaldo M....Arendt-Nielsen L.	2017
37	Chronic whiplash, pain and pain tolerance. ( 29913692 )	Myrtveit S.M....Nielsen C.S.	2017
38	Decreased Regional Grey Matter Volume in Women with Chronic Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Relationships with Cognitive Deficits and Disturbed Pain Processing. ( 29149149 )	Coppieters I....Cagnie B.	2017
39	Pharmacological modulation of chronic pain after whiplash injury. ( 29913794 )	Curatolo M.	2017
40	Advancing imaging technologies for patients with spinal pain: with a focus on whiplash injury. ( 28774580 )	Elliott J.M....Walton D.M.	2017
41	Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD): Responses to pharmacological challenges and psychometric tests. ( 29913863 )	Persson M....Gerdle B.	2017
42	New objective findings after whiplash injuries: High blood flow in painful cervical soft tissue: An ultrasound pilot study. ( 29913629 )	Kalawy H....Alfredson H.	2017
43	Neck-specific exercises with internet-based support compared to neck-specific exercises at a physiotherapy clinic for chronic whiplash-associated disorders: study protocol of a randomized controlled multicentre trial. ( 29233141 )	Peolsson A....Peterson G.	2017
44	Cross-sectional and Prospective Correlates of Recovery Expectancies in the Rehabilitation of Whiplash Injury. ( 28799973 )	Elphinston R.A....Sullivan M.J.L.	2017
45	Predictors before and after multimodal rehabilitation for pain acceptance and engagement in activities at a 1-year follow-up for patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)-a study based on the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP). ( 29155342 )	SAPderlund A....StAYlnacke B.M.	2017
46	Appropriate interventional management of whiplash-associated pain disorders is effective. ( 29913868 )	Curatolo M.	2017
47	Effects on jaw function shortly after whiplash trauma. ( 28891205 )	Lampa E....HAoggman-Henrikson B.	2017
48	Whiplash Injury: Perspectives on the Development of Chronic Pain. ( 28759489 )	Dickerson D.M.	2017
49	Women with late whiplash syndrome have greatly reduced load-bearing of the cervical spine. In vivo biomechanical, cross-sectional, lateral radiographic study. ( 28714657 )	Kristjansson E....Gislason M.K.	2017
50	Assessment of Range of Movement, Pain and Disability Following a Whiplash Injury. ( 28839498 )	Malik A.A....Lovell M.E.	2017

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Genes for Whiplash

Genes related to Whiplash (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	CCL5	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	16.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	KNG1	Kininogen 1	Protein Coding	16.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CCR5	C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (Gene/Pseudogene)	Protein Coding	16.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	PEMT	Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	16.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	IL16	Interleukin 16	Protein Coding	16.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	CCL3	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3	Protein Coding	6.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	CCL4	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4	Protein Coding	6.78	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

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Variations for Whiplash

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Expression for Whiplash

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Whiplash.

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Pathways for Whiplash

Pathways related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 14)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁴ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁷ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁴ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁴ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁴ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁴ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁴ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁴ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁴ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁴ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁴	13.22	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
2	TGF-Beta Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways JAK-STAT Pathway ⁶⁴ JNK Pathway ⁶⁴ MAPK Family Pathway ⁶⁴ Regulation of eIF4 and p70S6K ⁶⁴ SOCS Pathway ⁶⁴	13.07	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
3	Akt Signaling ⁶⁴ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁴ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁴	13	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
4	Integrin Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways FAK1 Signaling ⁶⁴ GnRH Signaling ⁶⁴ Inhibition of Angiogenesis by TSP1 ⁶⁴ Transendothelial Migration of Leukocytes ⁶⁴ UPA-UPAR Pathway ⁶⁴	12.96	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
5	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁶	12.91	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
6	PAK Pathway ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁴ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁴	12.83	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
7	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages ⁶⁴ Show member pathways Androgen Signaling ⁶⁴ Chemokine Signaling ⁶⁴ Chemokine signaling pathway ³⁷	12.49	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
8	Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway ²² Show member pathways IFN-gamma pathway ¹	11.57	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
9	IL12-mediated signaling events ¹ Show member pathways Immune response IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production ²²	11.55	CCL3 CCL4 CCR5
10	Rheumatoid arthritis ³⁷	11.46	CCL3 CCL5
11	Salmonella infection (KEGG) ³⁷	11.43	CCL3 CCL4
12	Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁶	11.32	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
13	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.13	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
14	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁶	10.61	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5

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GO Terms for Whiplash

Cellular components related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.35	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16 KNG1
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.02	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16 KNG1

Biological processes related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 37)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.89	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
2	immune response	GO:0006955	9.85	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
3	positive regulation of GTPase activity	GO:0043547	9.83	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
4	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.83	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
5	MAPK cascade	GO:0000165	9.82	CCL3 CCL5 CCR5
6	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.81	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
7	calcium ion transport	GO:0006816	9.79	CCL3 CCL5 CCR5
8	cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	GO:0071356	9.78	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
9	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.77	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 KNG1
10	response to toxic substance	GO:0009636	9.75	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
11	cellular response to interferon-gamma	GO:0071346	9.74	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
12	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.72	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
13	cellular response to interleukin-1	GO:0071347	9.71	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
14	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	9.69	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
15	positive regulation of inflammatory response	GO:0050729	9.67	CCL3 CCL4
16	cell chemotaxis	GO:0060326	9.67	CCL3 CCL5
17	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	GO:0071407	9.67	CCL3 CCL5
18	monocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002548	9.67	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
19	calcium-mediated signaling	GO:0019722	9.66	CCL3 CCR5
20	protein kinase B signaling	GO:0043491	9.65	CCL3 CCL5
21	positive chemotaxis	GO:0050918	9.65	CCL3 CCL5
22	lymphocyte chemotaxis	GO:0048247	9.65	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
23	signaling	GO:0023052	9.64	CCL3 CCR5
24	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	9.64	CCL3 CCL5
25	positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	GO:0050850	9.63	CCL3 CCL4
26	dendritic cell chemotaxis	GO:0002407	9.62	CCL5 CCR5
27	macrophage chemotaxis	GO:0048246	9.61	CCL3 CCL5
28	eosinophil chemotaxis	GO:0048245	9.61	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
29	response to cholesterol	GO:0070723	9.58	CCL3 CCR5
30	positive regulation of calcium ion transport	GO:0051928	9.58	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
31	release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum	GO:0014808	9.56	CCL3 CCR5
32	negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process	GO:2000110	9.55	CCL5 CCR5
33	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.46	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
34	negative regulation by host of viral transcription	GO:0043922	9.43	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
35	positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis	GO:2000503	9.13	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
36	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	9.02	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
37	G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 KNG1

Molecular functions related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.56	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
2	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.5	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
3	chemoattractant activity	GO:0042056	9.43	CCL3 CCL5
4	phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity	GO:0004435	9.4	CCL5 CCR5
5	phospholipase activator activity	GO:0016004	9.37	CCL3 CCL5
6	CCR chemokine receptor binding	GO:0048020	9.33	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
7	CCR5 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031730	9.13	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
8	CCR1 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031726	8.8	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5

Sources

Sources for Whiplash

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ ExPASy

¹⁸ FDA Approved Drugs

¹⁹ FMA

²⁰ GeneAnalytics

²¹ GeneCards

²² GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²³ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁴ GeneReviews

²⁵ Genetics Home Reference

²⁶ GenomeRNAi

²⁷ GEO DataSets

²⁸ GO

²⁹ GTR

³⁰ HGMD

³¹ HMDB

³² HPO

³³ ICD10

³⁴ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁵ ICD9CM

³⁶ IUPHAR

³⁷ KEGG

³⁸ LifeMap

³⁹ LncRNADisease

⁴⁰ LOVD

⁴¹ MalaCards

⁴² MedGen

⁴³ MedlinePlus

⁴⁴ MeSH

⁴⁵ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁶ MGI

⁴⁷ miR2Disease

⁴⁸ NCBI Bookshelf

⁴⁹ NCI

⁵⁰ NCIt

⁵¹ NDF-RT

⁵² NIH Clinical Center

⁵³ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁴ NINDS

⁵⁵ Novoseek

⁵⁶ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁷ OMIM

⁵⁸ OMIM via Orphanet

⁵⁹ Orphanet

⁶⁰ PathCards

⁶¹ PharmGKB

⁶² PubMed

⁶³ PubMed Health

⁶⁴ QIAGEN

⁶⁵ R&D Systems

⁶⁶ Reactome

⁶⁷ Sino Biological

⁶⁸ SNOMED-CT

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷¹ TGDB

⁷² Tocris

⁷³ UMLS

⁷⁴ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁵ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁶ Wikipedia