Whiplash disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials

MCID: WHP002 MIFTS: 41	Whiplash
Genes Tissues Related diseases Publications Pathways Drugs Expand all tables

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Aliases & Classifications for Whiplash

MalaCards integrated aliases for Whiplash:

Name: Whiplash ⁵⁵

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Summaries for Whiplash

NINDS : ⁵⁵ Whiplash-a soft tissue injury to the neck-is also called neck sprain or neck strain. It is characterized by a collection of symptoms that occur following damage to the neck, usually because of sudden extension and flexion. The disorder commonly occurs as the result of an automobile accident and may include injury to intervertebral joints, discs, and ligaments, cervical muscles, and nerve roots. Symptoms such as neck pain may be present directly after the injury or may be delayed for several days. In addition to neck pain, other symptoms may include neck stiffness, injuries to the muscles and ligaments (myofascial injuries), headache, dizziness, abnormal sensations such as burning or prickling (paresthesias), or shoulder or back pain. In addition, some people experience cognitive, somatic, or psychological conditions such as memory loss, concentration impairment, nervousness/irritability, sleep disturbances, fatigue, or depression.

MalaCards based summary : Whiplash is related to pain - chronic and headache. An important gene associated with Whiplash is IL16 (Interleukin 16), and among its related pathways/superpathways are PEDF Induced Signaling and Akt Signaling. The drugs Central Nervous System Depressants and Peripheral Nervous System Agents have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. Affiliated tissues include brain, testes and eye.

Wikipedia : ⁷⁷ Whiplash is a 2014 American drama film written and directed by Damien Chazelle. It depicts the... more...

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Related Diseases for Whiplash

Diseases related to Whiplash via text searches within MalaCards or GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show top 50) (show all 77)

#	Related Disease	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	pain - chronic	10.6
2	headache	10.6
3	depression	10.4
4	fibromyalgia	10.4
5	head injury	10.3
6	anxiety	10.2
7	inclusion conjunctivitis	10.2	CCL5 IL16
8	brain injury	10.2
9	oral lichen planus	10.2	CCL5 CCR5
10	yellow fever	10.1	CCL5 CCR5
11	omsk hemorrhagic fever	10.1	CCL4 CCL5
12	caronte	10.1
13	traumatic brain injury	10.1
14	amnestic disorder	10.1
15	thoracic outlet syndrome	10.1
16	radiculopathy	10.1
17	pulmonary sarcoidosis	10.1	CCL5 CCR5
18	acute cervicitis	10.1	CCL4 CCL5
19	autoimmune disease of central nervous system	10.1	CCL5 CCR5
20	mycetoma	10.1	CCL5 COMT
21	spinal cord injury	10.1
22	dermatitis	10.1
23	post-traumatic stress disorder	10.0
24	dystonia	10.0
25	respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease	10.0	CCL3 CCL5
26	immunodysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, and enteropathy, x-linked	9.9	CCL4 CCR5
27	cytomegalovirus infection	9.9	CCL3 CCL5
28	necatoriasis	9.9	CCL3 CCL4
29	bronchiolitis	9.9	CCL3 CCL5
30	trypanosomiasis	9.8	CCL3 CCL5
31	night blindness, congenital stationary, type 1a	9.8	CCL3 CCL4
32	carpal tunnel syndrome	9.8
33	systemic lupus erythematosus	9.8
34	migraine with or without aura 1	9.8
35	vertigo, benign recurrent	9.8
36	body mass index quantitative trait locus 1	9.8
37	mononeuropathy of the median nerve, mild	9.8
38	ataxia, combined cerebellar and peripheral, with hearing loss and diabetes mellitus	9.8
39	bipolar disorder	9.8
40	hydrocephalus	9.8
41	joint disorders	9.8
42	focal hand dystonia	9.8
43	pain agnosia	9.8
44	acoustic neuroma	9.8
45	carotid stenosis	9.8
46	transient global amnesia	9.8
47	benign paroxysmal positional nystagmus	9.8
48	neuroma	9.8
49	toxic encephalopathy	9.8
50	movement disease	9.8

Graphical network of the top 20 diseases related to Whiplash:

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Symptoms & Phenotypes for Whiplash

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Drugs & Therapeutics for Whiplash

Drugs for Whiplash (from DrugBank, HMDB, Dgidb, PharmGKB, IUPHAR, NovoSeek, BitterDB):

(show top 50) (show all 56)

Name

Status

Phase

Clinical Trials

Cas Number

PubChem Id

Central Nervous System Depressants

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Peripheral Nervous System Agents

Phase 4,Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anesthetics

Phase 4,Not Applicable

Hydrocortisone

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

50-23-7

5754

Hydrocortisone acetate

Approved, Vet_approved

Phase 2

50-03-3

Ethanol

Approved

Phase 2

64-17-5

702

Ibuprofen

Approved

Phase 2

15687-27-1

3672

Amitriptyline

Approved

Phase 2

50-48-6

2160

Cyclobenzaprine

Approved

Phase 2

303-53-7

2895

Hydrocortisone hemisuccinate

Phase 2

Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Hydrocortisone-17-butyrate

Phase 2

Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate 21-propionate

Phase 2

Analgesics

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Antirheumatic Agents

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Analgesics, Non-Narcotic

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal

Phase 2,Not Applicable

Adrenergic Agents

Phase 2

Amitriptyline, perphenazine drug combination

Phase 2

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic

Phase 2

Tranquilizing Agents

Phase 2

Neurotransmitter Agents

Phase 2

Psychotropic Drugs

Phase 2

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors

Phase 2

Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors

Phase 2

Antidepressive Agents

Phase 2

Neuromuscular Agents

Phase 2

Mannitol

Approved, Investigational

Not Applicable

69-65-8

453 6251

Levobupivacaine

Approved, Investigational

Not Applicable

27262-47-1

92253

Triamcinolone

Approved, Vet_approved

Not Applicable

124-94-7

31307

Pyrantel

Approved, Vet_approved

Not Applicable

15686-83-6

Citalopram

Approved

59729-33-8

2771

Norepinephrine

Approved

51-41-2

439260

tannic acid

Approved

Not Applicable

1401-55-4

Benzocaine

Approved, Investigational

Not Applicable

94-09-7, 1994-09-7

2337

Imidacloprid

Vet_approved

Not Applicable

105827-78-9

86418

Pharmaceutical Solutions

Not Applicable

Pyranoprofen

Not Applicable

Vaccines

Early Phase 1

Immunologic Factors

Early Phase 1

Triamcinolone diacetate

Not Applicable

triamcinolone acetonide

Not Applicable

Triamcinolone hexacetonide

Not Applicable

Pyrantel Pamoate

Not Applicable

Muscarinic Antagonists

Serotonin Agents

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Antiparkinson Agents

Cholinergic Agents

Cholinergic Antagonists

Interventional clinical trials:

(show top 50) (show all 57)

#	Name	Status	NCT ID	Phase	Drugs
1	Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) and Post-Axillary Surgery Morbidity	Terminated	NCT01255631	Phase 4
2	Lidocaine Injection Versus Sham Needling in Treating Whiplash Associated Disorder	Withdrawn	NCT02060734	Phase 4
3	PEMF Effects on Pain After Abdominal Body Contouring	Withdrawn	NCT01762423	Phase 4
4	University Health Network Whiplash Intervention Trial	Completed	NCT00546806	Phase 3
5	Preventing Chronic Whiplash Pain	Completed	NCT00021476	Phase 3
6	Comparison of the Effect of Neck Collar, Act-as-Usual, and Active Mobilisation Early After a Whiplash Injury	Completed	NCT00206271	Phase 3
7	Manual Therapy Dosage Factorial Study	Withdrawn	NCT00560807	Phase 2, Phase 3
8	Association Between Low Cortisol Levels and Whiplash Syndrome	Unknown status	NCT02090309	Phase 2	Hydrocortisone;normal saline 0.9%
9	Does Acupuncture Activate Endogenous Pain Inhibition in Chronic Whiplash?	Completed	NCT01512576	Phase 2
10	Acupuncture for Whiplash Associated Disorder	Completed	NCT01395511	Phase 2
11	Comparison of Ibuprofen, Cyclobenzaprine, or Both for Acute Cervical Strain: A Randomized Clinical Trial	Completed	NCT00790270	Phase 2	Cyclobenzaprine;Ibuprofen;Ibuprofen plus Cyclobenzaprine
12	Tailored Computerized Mobilization of the Cervical Spine Utilizing the Occiflex Device for the Treatment of Chronic Neck Pain	Completed	NCT01518530	Phase 2
13	Value-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Prevention of Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders	Unknown status	NCT02251028	Not Applicable
14	Central Sensitization in Chronic Whiplash Patients	Unknown status	NCT03005691
15	Whiplash-associated Disorders - Needling Treatments Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT01824810	Not Applicable
16	Is Chronic Whiplash-associated Pain of Neurogenic Origin?	Unknown status	NCT02692937	Not Applicable
17	East-West Collaborative Medicine Using Bee-Venom Acupuncture on Whiplash-Associated Disorders	Unknown status	NCT01369238	Not Applicable	zaltoprofen
18	Efficacy of Pain Neurophysiology Education in Combination With Psychologic Inoculation in Chronic Whiplash	Unknown status	NCT01544075	Early Phase 1
19	Treatment of Whiplash Associated Disorders by APOS Kit	Unknown status	NCT00266981	Not Applicable
20	Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Controls (DNIC): Nociceptive Modulation and Interaction With Neurocognitive Performance in Chronic Pain	Unknown status	NCT01172795
21	A Clinical Comparison in Cervical Epidural Pressure Changes Between Midline and Paramedian Approaches	Unknown status	NCT01360138	Not Applicable
22	Neuroscience Education on Osteoarthritis	Unknown status	NCT02246088	Not Applicable
23	RFD Versus Cervical Medial Branch Blocks in Chronic Degenerative Neck Pain	Unknown status	NCT01743326	Not Applicable
24	Multi Cervical Unit Measures of Cervical Isometric Strength and Range of Motion: A Pilot Study	Unknown status	NCT00510757
25	Clinical Effect Size of an Educational Intervention in the Home and Compliance on People Who Suffer From Stroke	Unknown status	NCT01980641	Not Applicable
26	Measuring the Impact of the French Version of the Whiplash Book	Completed	NCT03040245
27	Unraveling the Nature of Impaired Pain Inhibition in Patients With Chronic Whiplash-associated Disorders	Completed	NCT01601912		Atomoxetine;Citalopram
28	Effects of Different Exercise Programs for People With Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders	Completed	NCT01528579	Not Applicable
29	Manual Therapy to Treat Acute Whiplash Injury	Completed	NCT01825460	Not Applicable
30	Neck Muscle Activation in Patients With Long Standing Problems After a Whiplash Trauma Registered With Ultrasound With Speckle Tracking	Completed	NCT01547624	Not Applicable
31	Randomized WAD Study	Completed	NCT01994044	Not Applicable
32	Neck Exercises, Training and Pain Management as a Treatment for Whiplash Patients With Chronic Neck Pain	Completed	NCT01431261	Not Applicable
33	Responses of People With Neck Pain Being Treated With Varying Doses of Manual Therapy: A Pilot Study	Completed	NCT01957033	Not Applicable
34	Free Fall Acrobatics to Reduce Neck Loads During Parachute Opening Shock: Evaluation of an Intervention.	Completed	NCT02625896	Not Applicable
35	Icing Effects on Neck Functions of the Boxers	Completed	NCT01203280	Not Applicable
36	Explain Pain in Fibromyalgia Patients	Completed	NCT02474875	Not Applicable
37	Pain Neuroscience Education Combined With Cognition-targeted Motor Control Training	Completed	NCT02098005	Not Applicable
38	The Effect of TheraBand® Kinesiology Tape on Post-manipulation Pain and Range of Motion	Completed	NCT02691143	Not Applicable
39	Concussion in Motor Vehicle Accidents: The Concussion Identification Index	Completed	NCT02858544
40	Why Does Acute Post Whiplash Injury Pain Transform Into Chronic Pain?	Recruiting	NCT02560675
41	Pathophysiological Mechanism Behind Prolonged Whiplash Associated Disorders	Recruiting	NCT03664934	Not Applicable
42	Investigating the Effect of an Information Video for Neck Injuries in a Emergency Department Setting	Recruiting	NCT02570659	Not Applicable
43	Modern Pain Neuroscience Applied to Chronic Pain in Patients With Chronic Whiplash Associated Disorders	Recruiting	NCT03239938	Not Applicable
44	Neck-specific Exercise in Chronic Whiplash	Recruiting	NCT03022812	Not Applicable
45	A Single Dry Needling Session of the Obliquus Capitis Inferior for the Altered Sensorimotor Function in People With Neck Pain	Recruiting	NCT03838224	Not Applicable
46	Modeling Post-traumatic Pain and Recovery: The SYMBIOME Longitudinal Cohort Study	Recruiting	NCT02711085
47	Postural Garment Versus Exercises for Women With Cervical Pain	Recruiting	NCT03560492	Not Applicable
48	Effectiveness of an Educational Video Following Acute Whiplash Trauma	Active, not recruiting	NCT01699334	Not Applicable
49	Changes of Pain Sensitivity During Rehabilitation of Patients Suffering From Whiplash Associated Disorders	Active, not recruiting	NCT03784196
50	A Novel Intervention to Promote Engagement in Physical Activity for Individuals With Whiplash Associated Disorder	Active, not recruiting	NCT03729856	Not Applicable

Search NIH Clinical Center for Whiplash

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Genetic Tests for Whiplash

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Anatomical Context for Whiplash

MalaCards organs/tissues related to Whiplash:

⁴²

Brain, Testes, Eye, Spinal Cord, Bone, Skin, Hypothalamus

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Publications for Whiplash

Articles related to Whiplash:

(show top 50) (show all 1762)

#	Title	Authors	Year
1	Instant reduction in postural sway during quiet standing by intraoral dental appliance in patients with Whiplash associated Disorders and non-trauma neck pain. ( 30384151 )	Eriksson PO...Back?n M	2019
2	Agreement is very low between a clinical prediction rule and physiotherapist assessment for classifying the risk of poor recovery of individuals with acute whiplash injury. ( 30522090 )	Kelly J...Sterling M	2019
3	Cervical rotator muscle activity with eye movement at different speeds is distorted in whiplash. ( 30609281 )	Bexander CSM...Hodges PW	2019
4	Physiotherapist-delivered stress inoculation training integrated with exercise versus physiotherapy exercise alone for acute whiplash-associated disorder (StressModex): a randomised controlled trial of a combined psychological/physical intervention. ( 30661011 )	Sterling M...Kenardy J	2019
5	Is a government-regulated rehabilitation guideline more effective than general practitioner education or preferred-provider rehabilitation in promoting recovery from acute whiplash-associated disorders? A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. ( 30679283 )	C?t? P...Frank JW	2019
6	Pathophysiology behind prolonged whiplash associated disorders: study protocol for an experimental study. ( 30711003 )	Peolsson A...Peterson G	2019
7	Attachment insecurity as a vulnerability factor in the development of chronic whiplash associated disorder - A prospective cohort study. ( 30782355 )	Andersen TE...Meredith P	2019
8	Psychological Manifestations and Chronic Pain in Whiplash-Associated Disorder Mechanisms: The Whole Pie, Please. ( 30819055 )	Smith AD...Schneider G	2019
9	Precollision Medical Diagnoses Predict Chronic Neck Pain Following Acute Whiplash Trauma. ( 30829733 )	Osterland TB...Carstensen TBW	2019
10	Intramuscular fat is present in cervical multifidus but not soleus in patients with chronic whiplash associated disorders. ( 29795590 )	Pedler A....Sterling M.	2018
11	Biomechanics of coupled motion in the cervical spine during simulated whiplash in patients with pre-existing cervical or lumbar spinal fusion: A Finite Element Study. ( 29330341 )	Huang H....Dang A.B.C.	2018
12	Whiplash injury results in sustained impairments of cervical muscle function: A one-year prospective, controlled study. ( 29767228 )	Krogh S....Kasch H.	2018
13	Pregabalin versus placebo in targeting pro-nociceptive mechanisms to prevent chronic pain after whiplash injury in at-risk individuals - a feasibility study for a randomised controlled trial. ( 29343280 )	Nikles J....Sterling M.	2018
14	Anthropometric characteristics and traffic accident circumstances of patients with isolated whiplash injury in University Clinical Hospital Mostar. ( 29214988 )	RastoviA8 P....OstojiA8 M.	2018
15	Neck-specific exercise improves impaired interactions between ventral neck muscles in chronic whiplash: A randomized controlled ultrasound study. ( 29941911 )	Peterson G....Peolsson A.	2018
16	Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Injury of the Ascending Reticular Activating System Following Whiplash Injury. ( 29896079 )	Jang S.H....Kwon Y.H.	2018
17	Investigation of the Effect of Neck Muscle Active Force on Whiplash Injury of the Cervical Spine. ( 29849760 )	Yan Y....Hu L.	2018
18	Evidence for Increased MRI Signal Intensity and Morphological Changes in the Brachial Plexus and Median Nerves of Patients With Chronic Arm and Neck Pain Following Whiplash Injury. ( 29690828 )	Greening J....Dilley A.	2018
19	More whiplash weather in store for California. ( 29717236 )		2018
20	Reciprocal associations of pain and post-traumatic stress symptoms after whiplash injury: A longitudinal, cross-lagged study. ( 29377453 )	Ravn S.L....Andersen T.E.	2018
21	Validity and test-retest reliability of the Dutch modified Perceived Deficits Questionnaire to examine cognitive symptoms in women with chronic whiplash, chronic idiopathic neck pain and fibromyalgia. ( 29383819 )	Lenoir D....Coppieters I.	2018
22	Lateral atlantoaxial joint meniscoid volume in individuals with whiplash associated disorder: A case-control study. ( 29153925 )	Farrell S.F....Rivett D.A.	2018
23	Pathology and Treatment of Traumatic Cervical Spine Syndrome: Whiplash Injury. ( 29682354 )	Tanaka N....Adachi N.	2018
24	Information needs of patients with whiplash associated disorders: A Delphi study of patient beliefs. ( 29073494 )	Sterling J....Sterling M.	2018
25	Long-term follow-up of whiplash injuries reported to insurance companies: a cohort study on patient-reported outcomes and impact of financial compensation. ( 29429037 )	Rydman E....Pettersson-JAornbert H.	2018
26	Is Delayed Surgery After Unsuccessful Conservative Treatment Beneficial for Spinal Cord Injury Following Whiplash? A Retrospective Study in Elderly Patients. ( 29729179 )	Zhao T....Yang G.	2018
27	Superior outcomes following cervical fusion vs. multimodal rehabilitation in a subgroup of randomized Whiplash-Associated-Disorders (WAD) patients indicating somatic pain origin-Comparison of outcome assessments made by four examiners from different disciplines. ( 29794310 )	Svensson E....Taube A.	2018
28	The Discrepancy between Subjective and Objective Measures of Convergence Insufficiency in Whiplash-Associated Disorder versus Control Participants. ( 29371010 )	Stiebel-Kalish H....Gantz L.	2018
29	A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder. ( 29719724 )	Anderson C....Reed N.	2018
30	Can a Chronic BPPV With a History of Trauma be the Trigger of Symptoms in Vestibular Migraine, Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS), and Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD)? A Retrospective Cohort Study. ( 30303941 )	Tjell C...Borenstein P	2018
31	Swallow Syncope After Whiplash Neck Injury. ( 29658863 )	Lipar L...Ksela J	2018
32	Correction: A narrative review on cervical interventions in adults with chronic whiplash-associated disorder. ( 30167322 )		2018
33	Relationship between neck motion and self-reported pain in patients with whiplash associated disorders during the acute phase. ( 30218881 )	De Rosario H...Page ?	2018
34	Physiotherapist-delivered Stress Inoculation Training for acute whiplash-associated disorders: A qualitative study of perceptions and experiences. ( 30218882 )	Kelly JM...Sterling M	2018
35	The effect of three exercise approaches on health-related quality of life, and factors associated with its improvement in chronic whiplash-associated disorders: analysis of a randomized controlled trial. ( 30225786 )	Land?n Ludvigsson M...Peolsson A	2018
36	Acupuncture for treating whiplash-associated disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. ( 30313054 )	Lee S...Kim KH	2018
37	Can cortisol levels predict the severity of acute whiplash-associated disorders? ( 30315329 )	Shaked D...Czeiger D	2018
38	Use of and attitudes to the role of medication for acute whiplash injury: A preliminary survey of emergency department doctors. ( 30317691 )	Nikles J...Sterling M	2018
39	Trajectories of posttraumatic stress symptoms after whiplash: A prospective cohort study. ( 30318773 )	Ravn SL...Andersen TE	2018
40	Whiplash Patients' Responses on the Impact of Events Scale-R - Congruent With Pain or PTSD Symptoms? ( 30371516 )	Bunzli S...Sterling M	2018
41	Relationship Between Psychosocial Factors and Pain in the Jaw and Neck Regions Shortly After Whiplash Trauma. ( 30371684 )	Lampa E...H?ggman-Henrikson B	2018
42	A core outcome set for clinical trials in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD): a study protocol. ( 30454057 )	Maujean A...Sterling M	2018
43	Has the quality of physiotherapy care in patients with Whiplash-associated disorders (WAD) improved over time? A retrospective study using routinely collected data and quality indicators. ( 30519001 )	Oostendorp RA...Samwel H	2018
44	Medicine use during acute and chronic post-injury periods in whiplash injured individuals. ( 30531309 )	Ritchie C...Sterling M	2018
45	A 20-year prospective longitudinal MRI study on cervical spine after whiplash injury: Follow-up of a cross-sectional study. ( 30553607 )	Daimon K...Watanabe K	2018
46	Pre-collision Medical Diagnoses Predict Chronic Neck Pain Following Acute Whiplash-trauma. ( 30589659 )	Osterland TB...Carstensen TBW	2018
47	A predictive model to analyze factors affecting the presence of mild whiplash-associated disorders in minor motor vehicle crashes based on the Korean In-Depth Accidents Study (KIDAS) Database. ( 30633556 )	Lee HY...Lee KH	2018
48	Central Sensitization Is Modulated Following Trigger Point Anesthetization in Patients with Chronic Pain from Whiplash Trauma. A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study. ( 28419379 )	Nystrom NA...Freeman MD	2018
49	Investigating the Fear Avoidance Model in People With Whiplash: The Association Between Fear of Movement and In Vivo Activity. ( 28591083 )	Pedler A...Sterling M	2018
50	What information do patients need following a whiplash injury? The perspectives of patients and physiotherapists. ( 28637144 )	Maujean A...Sterling M	2018

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Genes for Whiplash

Genes related to Whiplash (0 elite genes):

- Elite gene

- Cancer Census gene in COSMIC

#	Symbol	Description	Category	Score	Evidence
1	IL16	Interleukin 16	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
2	CCL5	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
3	CCR5	C-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 5 (Gene/Pseudogene)	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
4	KNG1	Kininogen 1	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
5	COMT	Catechol-O-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
6	PEMT	Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase	Protein Coding	16.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
7	CCL3	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3	Protein Coding	6.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)
8	CCL4	C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4	Protein Coding	6.68	GeneCards inferred via : Publications (show sections)

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Variations for Whiplash

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Expression for Whiplash

Search GEO for disease gene expression data for Whiplash.

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Pathways for Whiplash

Pathways related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 15)

#	Super pathways	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	PEDF Induced Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways all-trans-Retinoic Acid Signaling in Brain ⁶⁵ Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction ³⁸ Endothelin-1 Signaling Pathway ⁶⁵ Glucocorticoid Receptor Signaling ⁶⁵ IL-6 Pathway ⁶⁵ MIF Mediated Glucocorticoid Regulation ⁶⁵ MIF Regulation of Innate Immune Cells ⁶⁵ NFAT Signaling and Lymphocyte Interactions ⁶⁵ PGC1Alpha Pathway ⁶⁵ RAR-Gamma-RXR-Alpha Degradation ⁶⁵ STAT3 Pathway ⁶⁵	13.29	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
2	Akt Signaling ⁶⁵ Show member pathways p38 Signaling ⁶⁵ Tec Kinases Signaling ⁶⁵	13.07	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
3	Cytokine Signaling in Immune system ⁶⁷ Show member pathways Signaling by Interleukins ⁶⁷	13	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
4	PAK Pathway ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Antioxidant Action of Vitamin-C ⁶⁵ Epithelial Adherens Junctions ⁶⁵	12.9	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
5	Human cytomegalovirus infection ³⁸ Show member pathways Human immunodeficiency virus 1 infection ³⁸ Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection ³⁸	12.63	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
6	CCR5 Pathway in Macrophages ⁶⁵ Show member pathways Androgen Signaling ⁶⁵ Chemokine Signaling ⁶⁵ Chemokine signaling pathway ³⁸	12.57	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
7	G-protein signaling Regulation of p38 and JNK signaling mediated by G-proteins ²³ Show member pathways G-protein signaling G-Protein alpha-12 signaling pathway ²³	11.88	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
8	Immune response IFN gamma signaling pathway ²³ Show member pathways IFN-gamma pathway ¹	11.68	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
9	IL12-mediated signaling events ¹ Show member pathways Immune response IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production ²³	11.63	CCL3 CCL4 CCR5
10	Microglia Activation During Neuroinflammation: Microglia Polarization ⁶⁶	11.35	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
11	Chemokine Superfamily Pathway: Human/Mouse Ligand-Receptor Interactions ⁶⁶ Show member pathways Chemokine receptors bind chemokines ⁶⁷	11.32	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
12	Lung fibrosis ¹	11.23	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
13	G-protein signaling_RhoB regulation pathway ²³	10.69	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
14	G-protein signaling_Rap2B regulation pathway ²³	10.66	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
15	Interleukin-10 signaling ⁶⁷	10.61	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5

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GO Terms for Whiplash

Cellular components related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	extracellular region	GO:0005576	9.35	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16 KNG1
2	extracellular space	GO:0005615	9.02	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16 KNG1

Biological processes related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

(show all 36)

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	regulation of signaling receptor activity	GO:0010469	9.91	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
2	immune response	GO:0006955	9.88	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
3	positive regulation of GTPase activity	GO:0043547	9.84	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
4	positive regulation of ERK1 and ERK2 cascade	GO:0070374	9.83	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
5	MAPK cascade	GO:0000165	9.82	CCL3 CCL5 CCR5
6	cell-cell signaling	GO:0007267	9.81	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
7	calcium ion transport	GO:0006816	9.8	CCL3 CCL5 CCR5
8	inflammatory response	GO:0006954	9.8	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 KNG1
9	cellular response to tumor necrosis factor	GO:0071356	9.79	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
10	cellular response to interferon-gamma	GO:0071346	9.76	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
11	response to toxic substance	GO:0009636	9.75	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
12	cell chemotaxis	GO:0060326	9.74	CCL3 CCL5 CCR5
13	neutrophil chemotaxis	GO:0030593	9.72	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
14	cytokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0019221	9.72	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
15	cellular response to interleukin-1	GO:0071347	9.71	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
16	cellular response to organic cyclic compound	GO:0071407	9.67	CCL3 CCL5
17	monocyte chemotaxis	GO:0002548	9.67	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
18	positive chemotaxis	GO:0050918	9.66	CCL3 CCL5
19	protein kinase B signaling	GO:0043491	9.66	CCL3 CCL5
20	lipopolysaccharide-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0031663	9.65	CCL3 CCL5
21	regulation of sensory perception of pain	GO:0051930	9.65	CCL3 COMT
22	dendritic cell chemotaxis	GO:0002407	9.64	CCL5 CCR5
23	positive regulation of calcium-mediated signaling	GO:0050850	9.63	CCL3 CCL4
24	lymphocyte chemotaxis	GO:0048247	9.63	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
25	macrophage chemotaxis	GO:0048246	9.61	CCL3 CCL5
26	positive regulation of calcium ion transport	GO:0051928	9.61	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
27	response to cholesterol	GO:0070723	9.6	CCL3 CCR5
28	signaling	GO:0023052	9.59	CCL3 CCR5
29	release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol by sarcoplasmic reticulum	GO:0014808	9.56	CCL3 CCR5
30	eosinophil chemotaxis	GO:0048245	9.54	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
31	chemokine-mediated signaling pathway	GO:0070098	9.46	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5
32	negative regulation by host of viral transcription	GO:0043922	9.43	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
33	negative regulation of macrophage apoptotic process	GO:2000110	9.22	CCR5
34	positive regulation of natural killer cell chemotaxis	GO:2000503	9.13	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
35	chemotaxis	GO:0006935	9.02	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 IL16
36	G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway	GO:0007186	10.02	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 CCR5 KNG1

Molecular functions related to Whiplash according to GeneCards Suite gene sharing:

#	Name	GO ID	Score	Top Affiliating Genes
1	cytokine activity	GO:0005125	9.56	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5 IL16
2	chemokine activity	GO:0008009	9.5	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
3	chemoattractant activity	GO:0042056	9.43	CCL3 CCL5
4	phosphatidylinositol phospholipase C activity	GO:0004435	9.4	CCL5 CCR5
5	phospholipase activator activity	GO:0016004	9.37	CCL3 CCL5
6	CCR chemokine receptor binding	GO:0048020	9.33	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
7	CCR5 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031730	9.13	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5
8	CCR1 chemokine receptor binding	GO:0031726	8.8	CCL3 CCL4 CCL5

Sources

Sources for Whiplash

¹ BioSystems

² BitterDB

³ CDC

⁴ Cell Signaling Technology

⁵ ClinicalTrials

⁶ ClinVar

⁷ CNVD

⁸ Cochrane Library

⁹ Cosmic

¹⁰ dbSNP

¹¹ DGIdb

¹² Disease Ontology

¹³ diseasecard

¹⁴ DiseaseEnhancer

¹⁵ DISEASES

¹⁶ DrugBank

¹⁷ EFO

¹⁸ ExPASy

¹⁹ FDA Approved Drugs

²⁰ FMA

²¹ GeneAnalytics

²² GeneCards

²³ GeneGo (Thomson Reuters)

²⁴ GeneHancer via GeneCards

²⁵ GeneReviews

²⁶ Genetics Home Reference

²⁷ GenomeRNAi

²⁸ GEO DataSets

²⁹ GO

³⁰ GTR

³¹ HGMD

³² HMDB

³³ HPO

³⁴ ICD10

³⁵ ICD10 via Orphanet

³⁶ ICD9CM

³⁷ IUPHAR

³⁸ KEGG

³⁹ LifeMap

⁴⁰ LncRNADisease

⁴¹ LOVD

⁴² MalaCards

⁴³ MedGen

⁴⁴ MedlinePlus

⁴⁵ MeSH

⁴⁶ MESH via Orphanet

⁴⁷ MGI

⁴⁸ miR2Disease

⁴⁹ NCBI Bookshelf

⁵⁰ NCI

⁵¹ NCIt

⁵² NDF-RT

⁵³ NIH Clinical Center

⁵⁴ NIH Rare Diseases

⁵⁵ NINDS

⁵⁶ Novoseek

⁵⁷ Novus Biologicals

⁵⁸ OMIM

⁵⁹ OMIM via Orphanet

⁶⁰ Orphanet

⁶¹ PathCards

⁶² PharmGKB

⁶³ PubMed

⁶⁴ PubMed Health

⁶⁵ QIAGEN

⁶⁶ R&D Systems

⁶⁷ Reactome

⁶⁸ Sino Biological

⁶⁹ SNOMED-CT

⁷⁰ SNOMED-CT via HPO

⁷¹ SNOMED-CT via Orphanet

⁷² TGDB

⁷³ Tocris

⁷⁴ UMLS

⁷⁵ UMLS via Orphanet

⁷⁶ UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot

⁷⁷ Wikipedia